skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
In this context, the mathematical dual of something is the consumer of the something. So "tagged unions are the mathematical dual of structs" means that a tagged union consumer is isomorphic to a struct.

If you have a tagged union consisting of the elements Foo(int), Bar(char) and Baz(int,string) then to consume such a thing you have to specify what to do with a Foo, what to do with a Bar and what to do with a Baz. You can specify this by giving a struct with a function that consumes Foos, a function that consumes Bars and a function that consumes Bazs. In ML syntax we have:

type Qux = Foo of int | Bar of char | Baz of int * string

type QuxDual = Consumer of (int -> result) *
(char -> result) *
(char * string -> result)

Now if you have a QuxDual, you can consume a Qux by picking the appropriate function depending on what kind of Qux you get, and then calling that function on the data inside that Qux.

You can see that because of these `result` types duality is not particularly nice in languages based on functions. It's nicer in languages based on processes or continuations, because they have a direct notion of a consumer of something. A consumer of an int is an `int -> result` function but in languages based on processes we can directly take a process that takes an int as an input or a continuation C(int). So in those kind of languages we don't have extra result types hanging around.
Why Do We Try To Make Programming Like Something Else?
Its like web design in reverse...
Neurons are a bit like transistors, it's a lot harder for them to rewire than for them to perform their already-assigned task. As a result, it is most efficient to have blobs of neurons configure into task regions and do the same thing over and over.

If you've already got a hardwired parser and a hardwired interpreter, there's really no reason to not have them run in parallel. (We have plenty of calories to run all the neurons that we need to, so any small chance of a benefit is worth a try.)
Paycheck timing is nothing new in the retail business, and it's used by virtually all of the big retailers to roll out promotions, product refreshes, new lines, etc.

Traditionally speaking, paycheck timing was used by retailers catering to low-income segments -- especially those on food stamps, and those who buy groceries on extremely predictable cycles (by necessity). But what's interesting, not to mention troubling, is that this trend is proliferating up the socioeconomic ladder. It's been going on for awhile now, dating back to before the 2007/8 crash, though certainly made a lot worse ever since that downturn.
The Outlook web interface is a joke. It feels like the web from 2002.
Plus if they mined all the coins themselves it would lower confidence in the currency (especially if it meant they aproached 51% of the mining capacity) which would entail that the price of bitcoin would go down. Possibly before they got their moneys worth. It is a lot safer to make money selling them to lots of people.
This seems like a further attempt to muddy the waters. There is a vast difference between "let's make sure people don't die from easily treatable disease" and "let's give everybody free TVs". I understand why, rhetorically, it's convenient for you to pretend they're the same, but the approach mainly persuades me that you're not serious.
>If you can't fully fund science out of philanthropy, then it will be behind a paywall. Who'd have thought you need to pay for some of the most valuable information on the Earth? Wow.

>People will pay for a half-assed book on PHP, but if you want to sell a journal on astrophysics the internet gets all riled up about it.

Those examples are not analogous at all. Research isn't funded through the subscription fees to the journals, it's funded through tuition (via faculty salaries) and grants.
Ah yes just like the hard bargains and successful contracts the UK Govt has with Capita etal :-)
Why use this over freedcamp.com/ ?
Digital Health Apps and Services
How do I know what digital health apps and services to choose?
This is an amazing book. I highly recommend it as the first Haskell book you read. After it, you can check out Real World Haskell.

To elaborate on why you shouldn't read (at least the online version of) Real World Haskell first: It has a lot of important topics that it covers that LYAH does not cover (like how to use cabal their package manager). But, it's not as good of a tutorial on the language and functional programming. It glosses over very complex topics, goes into a lot of depth on details that are not so important and worst of all, gives you some exercises that you aren't capable of answering yet. I tried learning Haskell three times from that book and gave up because it just killed my confidence.

Then I discovered LYAH. It explains things very simply and at a very good pace. If you want to learn Haskell and/or functional programming, I can't recommend it more. Imagine one of the Head First books without all the corny. The only thing I wish it had was exercises.
Yes, that's the fundamentalist libertarian perspective. Like most fundamentalisms, it is hermetically sealed: you can never convince a Freudian it isn't all about sex, or a bible thumper that it isn't all about God's word.

I always find that a little depressing with libertarianism, as there's enough useful material there that I hate to see fanatics turning people off to it. There's a giant difference between "an important function of government is" and "government's sole duty is". The latter is appealing to people looking for simple answers to complicated problems, but is actively off-putting to everybody else.

I understand you don't think you're an anarchist, and, for a different reason, I'd even agree. I think the step-over-the-dying school of libertarianism would turn out, in practice, to be indistinguishable from the sort of chaos that people who don't know any actual anarchists think when they say "anarchy". (The interesting sorts of anarchism, like what the anarcho-syndicalists were pursuing, depend upon a human moral sense. Which, bringing this back, include compassion for the ill.)

The reason things will fall apart lies in another gap in your thinking. Parents are the most obvious thing a child depends upon. But try telling a teacher or a grandparent or a cop or a social worker or a neighbor or an aunt that they don't matter, that they don't have an impact on the kids they deal with. It takes, as they say, a village. Or, if you'd like a richer society, a lot more than that. You'll of course wave that away as inconsistent with your chosen theoretical framework. But that you can't perceive the value in something doesn't prove that it's valueless. It only shows you haven't bothered to really understand it.
I don't actually use Chrome myself, but 2 years ago they announced they were dropping native H.264 support in Chrome. Why do you say it supports it?
While I agree that it's generally not helpful to rely on implicit atomicity in any Python, the reality is that all the other Pythons have followed CPython's lead and implemented the same memory model for compatibility. PyPy, Jython, and IronPython all have atomic bytecodes. So, for better or for worse, this bytecode atomicity is a de facto part of the language.
I'm not the GP, but I suspect it's because structs are product types and unions are sum types.
Books are good to learn new concepts, but to actually understand the concepts and know when the right times to use them are, takes practice and no amount of books will make up for lack of practice here. So, since you have already read a number of books, I would say that practice is the most important thing for you now.

Also, in time, you will want to learn other programming languages to give you a more rounded experience of what is available both in terms of tools and also concepts which will help shape how you think about and solve problems in java. Ideally you would learn a number of very different languages. At the very least a functional language as this even help you a lot when you begin writing multithreaded programs in java (and also help you design simpler, more composable code).

But for now, practice. Try to set yourself real projects or actually useful tasks and make sure you complete them (ie don't have a load of unfinished projects, but finish them to the point that you could release them to non-programmers if you wanted). Projects should range from both large and small to give you experience and practice working on a range of codebase sizes.
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You might consider that, but frankly, you'd be wrong. Python is unambiguously strongly (and dynamically) typed.
The article is content free for people who are actually interested in resource management. I'm curious about the cluster utilization on these Google and Twitter clusters. I know Yahoo clusters had/have embarrassingly low utilization.

IFAICT, Omega and Mesos (and YARN for what it worths) cannot really handle resource overcommit effectively. I wonder what they'll call it when they reinvent a better DRS :)
Speaking of thermostats, that reminds me of one time on my previous team where I started up too many image processing workers and basically saturated a colo's worth of CPU. It got to the point where the datacenter's temperature exceeded some alert threshold and I had SREs phoning me and asking what I had done.

Man, working at Google is just a different kind of experience in some ways. Not necessarily better, though I like it a lot, but definitely different.
oh! that makes sense. hooray.

I'd strikethrough edit my post but I don't know how to make strikethrough markup :(
Mobile / Desktop UI / markup enhancements.

The biggest problem is the voting arrows, which are far too easy to hit accidentally, and up/down votes cannot be changed.

Allowing changing of votes for a brief time (1-5 minutes) would be useful.

Improving display contrast -- setting a darker border and lighter main body area, would be vastly appreciated. Contrast isn't too bad, but can suffer under adverse lighting conditions.

A mobile-specific presentation would avoid resizing / sideways scrolling.

> Please provide a quoting markup. Existing workarounds of either prefixing with a greater-than sign

Or indenting text to present a

Are awkward.

* Bullets would also be useful
# As would numbers.
And proper line breaking.

A collapsed view of comments (available through a Chrome plug-in) is another nice-to-have.
1password for me. You can choose whatever you want though. Write them on a piece of paper you keep in your pocket if that works for you. Whatever you do, don't reuse them between services. It's just a matter of time before someone loses them and all your accounts are wide open.

In an ideal world we wouldn't use passwords anymore. But right now we have no choice so we have to do whatever we can to mitigate our eventual compromised accounts.
Because phone calls are already very high up on the "This could be important." scale. Email is usually low priority, to be answered when there is a free moment. Next comes texting and IMing, to be used for organizing day-to-day things, such as where people are meeting for lunch. Above that is people stopping by in person to ask a question.

The highest priority is receiving a phone call, because it means that someone wants to talk to me in particular, can't find me, and can't wait for an email response. Because all the other methods of communication have been bypassed, it must be rather important, and so I will answer it. If it is not important, I will then be annoyed.
Alternative Economies within Bitcoin
A reminder a few days before is probably better. I usually don't receive new credit cards until a week or two out from expiration from my banks.
Even if that was true, it's irrelevant; the subject is saving vs. spending. If you are going to bring out well-worn right-wing anti-welfare propaganda points with citations direct to propaganda mills like AEI, at least try to do do when it is on topic.
The original announcement on boston.gov: http://www.cityofboston.gov/news/default.aspx?id=6123

It's clear the decision was made to boost productivity. The dollar savings are just a bonus.
Anyone knows if the paid OSes have this?
I believe my mobile IP tends to remain the same for long periods of time but I was assuming they had a mail server off site which was relaying the mail to their exchange server which is how I do it. I wouldn't trust changing DNS settings to the mobile IP.

I use a remote data center email server because office/residential network connections tend to be unreliable. Even without the telephone getting knocked down, I get intermittent outages. I'd prefer to have mission critical services (like email receipt) working at a data center. This way the message is received and doesn't bounce back. Then, my local exchange server can pull the data when it's online.

So, I guess the mobile option wouldn't really work in this case unless you were sure the IP address won't change.
They've clearly omitted the line “the private key was stored securely on a separate system which was not compromised” after the statement about card data and RSA. I'd go as far as to suggest that was deliberate.
One approach would be to set values like "red = object()". I use that often to create guaranteed-unique sentinel values.
That's only after its first registered, no?
This being a "portfolio" site, when I click on a project I expect to see multiple screenshots, etc. Instead it's just text. I think if it allowed for a more in-depth treatment of using images per-project, that would be simply fantastic.
content free, marketing full
meh :(
That's a very eloquent way of putting it :)
Dreamhost Spinout InkTank Storage Raises $13.4M for Ceph Support & Services
I don't feel 'where you work' or 'what you work with' is taboo.

In social chit-chat, it's .. awkward? to bring it up, sometimes. I'd guess that maybe 1/20 people know anything about what I do. Mention [Puppet, Solaris, Linux, BASH, Ruby, NetApp, FTP] and their eyes glaze.
History of Human Powered Flaying [Online Book]
So why not, as a parent, present a set of options that seem reasonable to you and have them choose amongst those? i.e. you can play one of e.g. {piano, violin, clarinet}. When the child is better informed, they can choose for themselves. Until that point comes though, asking children to make arbitrary choices, particularly ones that affect their development, seems silly to me.
Even in natural sciences, there may be experiments that are not easily reproducible. Finding the Higgs can only be done in a long while (decade or more) with great financial investment.

Or take the 4th grade test about dinosaurs[1]. Objectively, we can't verify if the world if thousands or millions or billions of years old, and we can't verify if dinosaurs lived concurrent with humans or not. We weren't there. There is evidence, and how we interpret the evidence, and yet the test features a rather forced interpretation of the evidence. Now, numerically there may be a lot of people all over the world who prefer the fundamentalist interpretation, even if they are accredited scientists in universities. In a completely open environment, this opinion would get more weight than it deserves, a weight that does not represent its true standing among scientists who understand all the different implications of the evidence.

[1] http://www.snopes.com/photos/signs/sciencetest.asp
This is part of a common trap in contracts and employer relationships, which is measuring and paying for the wrong thing. In this case it's time.

Afraid you're being ripped off by a contractor? Write the contract so that you only pay in acceptable increments against the deliverables you want at a price you're happy to pay.

We once had a client request we deploy software across all desktop computers to measure how many keystrokes each user made, how often their screen saver was on, etc. I pointed out that they were already measuring employee activities such as calls answered, customer satisfaction, policies not surrendered (i.e. customers planning to sever their accounts who were retained) etc. why measure and reward activities when you were measuring and could reward results?
Thank you very much for your comment :) I really appreciate that
Blunt honesty does not have to be crude. Also being crude is not the only way to avoid being generic.

Blunt honesty without being crude: We screwed up, we're sorry.

Avoiding being generic without being crude: We want you to know that when we say that this matters to everyone in the company, we truly mean it.
I would love access to biomechanics/kinesiology papers if at all possible.
Check out merged mining and colored coins.
What? Did you miss the whole Apollo program? That was a government program. There are few things that come close to the innovation achieved in that program. Yes, there were private industry contractors. But it would not happened without the government.
Mark Zuckerberg’s Lobby Unraveling As Musk And Sacks Leave
>>Closed captioning does have a lot of noise in it, but we've done a lot of work to tidy that up.

What's your average accuracy?
You're just being pedantic. The thrust of his comment was clear while not perfectly correct. "Fund" is well understood as a euphemism for "control"

It would be ideal if science were "funded" (read: controlled) by the public in the interest of the public good, but in reality it is controlled by the corporatocracy.

Is Goldman Sachs "funded" by the government or is the government "funded" by Goldman Sachs? The best understanding is that the government is a corporate subsidiary of Goldman Sachs, a profit-centre that Goldman Sachs invests in and controls by means of investment, and those investments reap profits.

Technically you could say that GS is funded by taxpayers, but funding implies both investment and control. So it's more accurate to say that GS funds the government, because this makes it clear where the locus of control is. Citizens are indentured servants that pay tribute to GS via taxes. Academics are indentured servants that receive money and position in exchange for their services to the subsidiary of GS called NSF.

Having said that, I think many foundations are genuinely independent of GS control, but they still can't be said to be funded by the public for the public. They are just altruistic private parties as opposed to the megalithic non-altruistic faction that is the corporatocracy.
Do you think these layouts are still used because they're better for the target audience, or because the Japanese are more averse to change?
Interesting things the ps4 could theoretically do
"It'll theoretically allow face-based logins, let the game identify who is talking based on their voice, have characters in the game look out of the TV at the person controlling them (cool), or have the game automatically re-orient multiplayer splitscreen if the players wind up moving around the room mid-session. All little things, but all nifty."
Swearing is not the only way to show personality. In fact, it's one of the cheapest ways to do so. It's easy to say "fuck" and "shit" to break free form the usual generic writing but you can actually write a personal and honest message without cursing.

Edit: here's a great way to show personality without being crude http://www.name.com/aboutus#/ourTeam
This is interesting. I'm not a lawyer, but I wonder if this might offer a faint glimmer hope for the software industry. Ultimately, I hope we become like New Zealand with regards to software patents.
I think there's a dozen or so free haskell books:

http://www.reddit.com/r/haskell/comments/1af3iw/9_best_free_...

http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20130316105209238/BestFree...
About C++ comma operator precedence
This is a great post, but

> they're a simple model of a computing machine that makes sense just based on existing technology

Turing machines were invented before any working (almost-) universal computer existed.
> And also whether "hashed" means salted and hashed or just simply hashed.

That really doesn't make that much of a difference anymore, given the fact that it's known information that's easily parseable. Rainbow tables are really just a quick convenience, but it's not like there aren't programs that can automate the process of getting and appending the salt to a password string and then just brute forcing. Even with something like bcrypt, you're still working against 1) infinite time and 2) users who don't understand how dangerous a weak password is.
I am by no means an expert of Japanese culture. But from what I can tell, web designers would rather portray the custom animations and glossy menus that you can only achieve through Flash. That is why so many websites are coded strangely, and most of the game/anime websites are using a Flash intro.

I think it's a little of both TBH. I do notice that Japanese designs like to kind of go their own way.

Maybe the Flash layouts are more "exciting" and so it sells more products? This is a great question. It is understandable that it may be easier to add custom renders & graphics of the characters. I would love to speak with somebody from Japan or someone who understands the culture to gauge their opinion.
Don't make a fake image of your product on an image of a computer.

It's a waste of pixels showing a picture of an app on a fake monitor on a user's actual monitor. It's too easy to fudge things in such a way that it wont actually render the way it would on the actual device (because after all, it isn't, actually) and if the user doesn't own the type of monitor you're fudging, well, then assuming what you're showing is accurate, it doesn't really matter to them anyway.

I'd suggest getting an actual screenshot, sans device, and just use those.
What do you mean? Who damns a company that doesn't curse in their press releases?
Geoffrey Pullum is a reputed professor of Linguistics. Yet, the article comes off as written by an awfully ignorant person.

Forget pragmatics. There won't be a generic (cross-domain) solution for that any time soon.

What happened to Powerset? Doesn't really matter. The brains behind it haven't been killed off. For example, Ronald Kaplan, the top-brain behind Powerset, now works for Nuance Communications. I suppose he will focus on making sure your voice interactions with computers will be smoother.

"How could we have drifted into the second decade of the 21st century with absolutely no commercial NLP products?"

What the heck does that mean? Our smartphones understand voice commands. We have decent TTS and speech recognition. The people behind IBM's Watson seem to be targeting medical knowledge discovery. With a quick scan on Wikipedia, I came across Distinguo, automated essay evaluation, Google Translate makes my life so much easier already, etc.

If Pullum meant that he is still not able to buy an oven that understand his voice commands, sure. But saying that we have "absolutely no commercial NLP products" is braindamaged.
Dear science journals,

Glad I could continue to fund your now-obsolete business.

Sincerely,
The Taxpayers
VP9 Codec Nears Completion
>My personal favourite is mixing up Dynamic Programming (from an Algorithms textbook) with recurrence solving in a discrete math book (which is what DP is actually about) and mixing all that with a more advanced chapter of discrete math -- generating functions.

This is what makes a "simple" primer on algorithms difficult. In order to prove running time or correctness, you need to have a decent command of basically everything else in that list before you start.

It's relatively simple to understand how Dijkstra's algorithm works by iterating through the steps, but it's much more difficult to prove that it works for a generalized graph. Or prove it's running time.

Algorithm theory is basically the end point of an undergrad CS education. It's the point where you take all the theory you've learned up until that point, and turn it into something that can really be applied to computing.