skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Excellent question. Let me unpack a bit. Here's an example from the PDF I linked above:

fluStatusGivenPositiveTest = do
fluStatus <- percentWithFlu 10
testResult <- if fluStatus == Flu
then percentPositive 70
else percentPositive 10
guard (testResult == Pos)
return fluStatus

In this code, you can read the operator "<-" as "pick a possible value from a probability distribution."

Until we look at the test results, there are four possible "worlds" with the following probabilities:

7% (Flu, Pos)
3% (Flu, Neg)
9% (Healthy, Pos)
81% (Healthy, Neg)

But once we see the the test result is "Pos", then all those worlds with "Neg" become impossible, giving us:

7% (Flu, Pos)
9% (Healthy, Pos)

But our probabilities don't add up to 100% any more. Fortunately, all we need to do is normalize them. That gives us:

43.75% (Flu, Pos)
56.25% (Healthy, Pos)

This normalization step is basically the denominator in Bayes rule.

As noted above, the number of worlds grows exponentially with the number of probabilistic choices we make. So if you want to use this on a larger problem, you need to use sampling (run the program N times, tabulate the results) or a particle system (which essentially does the same thing in parallel).
Perhaps, but give a man a mask and he will tell you the truth.
I agree. I think the worst of HN comes out whenever anyone submits a personal blog post.

If you read the comments for ANY blog post submitted, you will see how it has become a giant game to discredit everything the author says. I think it's good to be skeptical, and as nerds we have plenty of skepticism to go around, but there are ways to be do it with a little more taste and respect.

I've been looking at some of the profiles of the main cynics I see time and time again and they have like 6000 karma, but only 3 submissions in their entire lives. Crazy to think they just get all of that karma from tearing down other people's work while not creating anything themselves.
Actually, the bit about being a jerk behind anonymity isn't particular to nerds: studies show it cutting across pretty much all walks of life. That doesn't excuse the nerds, but it does mean that examining the problem in the context of nerds alone probably isn't very useful. Nobody is immune, and as it turns out, nerds are not especially susceptible. Whatever causes this, it speaks to something much more universal than nerddom.
In other news, nerds are human, and posture and bully and jockey for recognition like all humans do.
That's the fall back. And it's not as bad is you'd think for those whose companies ultimately failed. The goal is to make the company into something significant.
From reading How to Win Friends and Influence People, I think it boils down to self importance. We like to put others down because it makes us feel more important. If you recognize and let go of that desire as the book tells you to do, you can use the phenomenon to your advantage instead, and you learn that making others feel important makes you win them over.
>Over the last few years I've seen a shift as people are trying to get more performance from limited hardware.

Part of that shift is also that other frameworks have learned and integrated a lot from Rails/Django. The productivity/time-to-launch gap isn't as significant as it used to be, so other factors like performance, compatibility with pre-existing infrastructure (eg for JVM-based frameworks), security, etc. are gaining more influence in the decision about what to use.
A business exists for its clients. If you reject an acquisition I hope you did it for your clients and not to feed your own ego.
I disagree with all the examples that aren't disruptive, google, online dating, and Uber. People forget how crude and limited they were to begin with.
Yes, it really just depends how much your software stack depends on the OS and higher level OS-related services. If your software is not coupled with other points of failure in OS user-land, then you really only need a single entry point to get network-sync'd 64-bit time_t and then everything else in the stack can be built around vocabulary data types such as these. These are the types that are transmitted in protocols, serialized to files, etc.
I agree that a CS degree can be useful (I have one) = but I would suggest that most of today's startups don't need or utillize a CS major correctly. Most startups are simple to moderately complex web apps, which require someone who knows the framework well.

CS majors that are writing hard core algorithms and shortest path optimizations are few and far between until the startup has reached heavy scale. Just my experience through a few startups...
facebook is getting worse day by day and google+ is really about high quality content
Welcome to HN. I'd rate that troll 2/10, as it was a pretty obvious troll for a community of smart people. Hopefully nobody here would bite on something so obvious; that might have worked better on Reddit.

(You should go back.)
In a way I suppose because it's easy. A lot of people are unsure of themselves and feel better after they tell someone else just how dumb he is. The thought is: "Gee, I 'm not so dumb, just look at that guy!" Most designers I know tend to be unsure deep inside. Nerds? Could be just the same.
I was just thinking about this...

Suppose you're writing a web page with AngularJS.

Then you find out that you need a component that is very self-contained and of general use - let's say it is a WYSIWYG editor and let's pretend this thing doesn't exist yet (you will have to write it). Now the question:

Do you write it depending on AngularJS, or just JQuery?
You ought to put together a benchmark for that!
I would love to try this out and even went to the distance of downloading the tarball for the beta of '.12. However, it's not clear where the property needs to be set, as there are a few places in the library where FT_Init... is called. On top of that, I am not sure from re-reading this that it helps at all for TT fonts, which is most of what I end up using.
why this is so awesome!??? tell me!
I suddenly found so many cool plugins.
This is really neat, check it out
The Chinese Dream
You are technically correct and I probably used too strong of a term to describe what I meant there. I only mean to say that labeling something as disruptive doesn't mean it is and vice versa.
In my opinion you've missed the point almost entirely:

1) If you see problems with a language you're an expert in, submit a pull request. I've never seen a benchmark done like this before, it gives everyone a chance to fix problems in their favorite framework/language.
2) It is a little bit of a unfair comparison between very low feature frameworks to higher ones, but it gives you a good idea of what you're trading off on basic performance. For example, I thought our use of play1-java wasn't far off of servlet on basic tasks, but boy was I wrong, perhaps by 10x.

Should you read this list and pick the top thing on the chart? No. However, hard to argue this isn't interesting and useful information.
Never heard of "Informer".
The chance that you are 'Facebook' good is slim, even if you have a $100M offer. If you're ever in the position of deciding to accept/decline a $100M offer on your company, then you probably want to be realistic about your options, even if you decide to go with your heart.
Check out the graphs on the "benchmark game":

http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u32/benchmark.php?te...

The JVM indeed kicks some major butt.
Probably the GTX650 and HD 7750 would be better to look at, which are now under $100 and don't pull that much power.

Whenever I look at them and they don't have enough discrete memory, I just wonder if they can really run fast enough due to that single bottleneck. If the onchip graphics had 512m or 1G of memory, they'd probably perform well, but then you lose the power efficiency. I read something that intel was possibly doing some new tech for onchip memory to get lower power, so it's possible it'll happen.

It's probably still in the future, though.
>>63.8% of world's engineering degrees are earned in China.

We have to accept that even though the quality may suffer, the idea of mass producing engineers at least affects the job market. I think that not every engineer from India or China is looking for 'quality work' and they can and many times do settle for jobs that are lesser appealing but still require engineering degrees.
I'm not really worried about printing useless items, I'm more concerned that the 3-d printer itself is one more (fairly significant) item of "stuff" to have to deal with. For a 3-d printer purchase to result in a net-negative amount of stuff, it would need to allow me to get rid of a lot of other stuff in my life.

If 3-d printers eventually reach the stage where I can print an item only when I need it, and then I can recycle it into something else, that would be worth owning. Looking around my kitchen, I see a lot of things that I don't use every week, but I use enough (and are useful enough) that they're worth keeping around: a gravy separator, multiple salad bowls, a ladle, a colander, steamer baskets, multiple slotted spoons, multiple potholders, storage containers, various sizes of bakeware, enough placesettings to have guests, etc. I can imagine 3-d printers eventually getting to the point where there's no reason to keep drawers and cabinets full of this stuff. But with today's technology, if you're printing something that you need to use today a month from now, you're generally better off throwing the one you have on a shelf for a month than printing a new one the next time you need it. When that changes, I'll be more interested.
This law and order episode is being written as we speak.
Have you ever deployed a Sinatra (or any) project that failed cause it was too slow / could not scale?

Avoiding preoptimization applies just as much to frameworks.
I somewhat agree, but it's a very specific part of the tech community, not tech generally. Probably a part that's over-represented on discussion forums, though. I think of the anti-intellectual parts as mostly rooted in the startup community, especially the corners of startups that focus strongly on biz/money stuff and quick exits. Partly that's because their incentives almost require a quick-and-dirty approach: if your timeframe to product is 6 months and to exit is 3-5 years, you really can't do a lot of R&D work, but instead need to pick some off-the-shelf (or nearly so) tech, quickly productize it, and put most of your focus on finding market niches and developing business strategy.

There are other parts of the tech community with a much different tone. There's academia itself, of course: I'd consider folks like the machine-learning and robotics communities to be part of the "tech community". And in industry, there are places like Microsoft Research and some parts of Google, doing things like designing F# and advancing NLP. Even at less explicitly "researchy" places, a lot of companies value people with solid science/engineering fundamentals.
I don't consider the Go size pretty small.

Mojolicious[1], Dancer[2] and Kelp[3] have set the bar for small code size for me. Not sure yet if there are smaller ones (note that there are no other files required for those apps, period)

In the same vein, Lua's OpenResty[4] looks good, as do Tornado[5], Flask[6] and Bottle[7] (although you need to tease the raw/ORM methods apart to get an idea for the last two). And of course, Sinatra[8].

There probably a lot more, especially for PHP, but I didn't feel like going through that list.

[1]: https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast...

[2]: https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast...

[3]: https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast...

[4]: https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast...

[5]: https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast...

[6]: https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast...

[7]: https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast...

[8]: https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast...
It's extremely bad and buggy CSS support, which was even worse than even IE4, let along IE5.
If you're driven and have a clear vision, it seems less unlikely. If you're just building things for the sake of building things because you like to build things, that's a little bit different.
the sources are listed on the last 'panel' in the graphic
A much more common use of iptables for me is to limit outside traffic to port 21, 80, and 447, while letting whitelisted internal hosts use every other ports, for other services used internally. We can then run those services without authentication, and have much less exposure in case of an attack (the only thing whose security we must trust is iptables, ssh, our HTTP web server.)
They have a list of sources at the bottom of the infographic. Seems to be a 2011 report by Magnus Lofstrom and Joseph Hayes, a Time.com article on Mark Zuckerberg, USBLS, and the NSF.
0) I didn't mean European as a sovereign legal title, more of a categorical concept in jurisprudence; especially in those who have less of a lengthy run-rate with civil liberties (mileage or kilometerage may vary).

1) While the qualifying comment used "seemed linked to me", the original post had no such qualifiers and asserted its points without anything backing it. I admit its a bit pendantic, and in American usage easier to "get away with" on a comment board. If you were a US TV news or print outlet, you'd have to pre-frame the comments with "editorial" or "opinion", to cover your legal bases.

2) Yes.

3) Probably :-)
Meh. On $100 million the common employees aren't going to see much anyway. Maybe for #1 and #2 it'll be a big deal, but for #10 with his 0.002 of the company, that's going to be a nice bonus and not much else. So I can understand the founders deciding to shoot for the moon.
if nobody gets carried away, how will the ecosystem grow? =) also, could you please link to those few promising go frameworks?
If using a word, such as "disruptive", will give you a small gain in marketing advantage, or the lack of will give you a disadvantage, then people will always spam/abuse it until it becomes a meaningless buzzword, or until investor grew earwax to protect themselves from it, or until it is perceived that anyone uses this word is most likely BSing. Then people are going to adapt away from using such a word. Most people probably understand that their stuff isn't the next facebook, but they will try everything to get the last bit of investor attention.
How to Spot a Photoshopped Retro Image
I coded a simple share buttons plugin for wordpress
Khan Academy Releases Bitcoin Videos
> 63.8% of world's engineering degrees are earned in China.

Weird statistic to use. It's well-known that the majority of engineers graduated in China and India are unemployably bad, and the statistic itself is based on debunked data.

See: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405274870351550457614...,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05..., http://www.engineeringuk.com/_resources/documents/Engineerin..., http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2006/06/13/62945...
...and fitness, ergonomics, and standing up once an hour affect when your body "has had enough".

Increasing my physical activity is the single best thing I've done to help my body better handle sitting on my ass for most of the day. You can get a year of gym membership for less than the price of an Aeron chair. If you aren't already taking care of your body in that way a better chair is treating the symptoms, not the disease.
Link to the single page version : http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/magazine/y-combinator-sili...
It'd be nice if startups in general took a step back and toned stuff down. Be ambitious and optimistic without pretending your website and the guy who's going to tweak it are solving Very Hard Problems, changing the world and of course disrupting whatever multi-billion dollar industry.

Those startups are the exception not the rule, if you're the only one saying it you're not really doing it.
Its pretty good for a government website, but the more I dig around the more I find a lack of attention to detail. For example, switch the theme to creme and many elements break: http://www.adamwintledesign.com/screenshots/Manchester_City_...
Yeah, iptables works great for that.

I also like nginx's limit_zone module. You can put limit_zone in the proxy stanza, and only throttle dynamic requests without throttling access to fast static files.

We often use Rack::Attack to throttle particular HTTP paths differently. Say, the homepage isn't throttled, but the login action is. That layer 7 knowledge is Rack::Attack's main advantage.

As I say in the README, Rack::Attack is complementary to iptables and the limit_zone module.
Thanks for the comment. Very helpful.

Our product is targeted at end consumers at a yearly subscription. This person wants to sell our service to companies on a monthly basis (contracted for a full year). The sale would be in batch for revenue of $100k+ per customer (who would have to be able to sell it to enough consumers on the other end).

I think this falls in line with what you're saying would work.

The idea of opening it up is very interesting. I knew from the start that the success would be tied to distribution. I didn't think of "sales" as one of the distribution channels but rather thought in terms of business development.

At the end of the day it may be two terms for the same thing but I'm happy to have stumbled upon this.
I took it to be more about nerds online. I haven't met too many people face to face that are even a tenth as rude as 90% of the people I see online. Of course, I arbitrarily picked those numbers. I'm going to point that out before I get flamed.
Not really, major IDEs have had incremental compilers for ages. Usually Maven compiles of our largest projects are also done in no-time.
There should be no surprise that interpreted, dynamic languages are utterly out-gunned as compared to compiled (JIT'd or otherwise) languages. It's inherent to the system - every little thing you do costs more.

Many people choose Ruby and figure, given that premature optimization is the root of all evil, they'll optimize later if needed.

That's like choosing between a farm tractor or a ferrari - and figuring if the tractor doesn't perform up to snuff, we'll add a spoiler (and given the 10x disparity between Java and Ruby in some of those graphs, if we throw out a 20mph top speed for a farm tractor, the ferrari analogy is actually rather spot on).

There are many good reasons to choose dynamic/interpreted languages - but always know you're giving up performance in exchange.
My wallet nearly hit me in the face such was its velocity upon breach of my pocket.
Never underestimate someone's behavior of wanting the "best".
"(And yes, I realize that this post is super-critical. How meta)"

Protip: just because you realize the irony of your post doesn't excuse you from being part of the problem as well.
Nice work, and I wish you success.

In the same space, I recently discovered http://c9.io , which I'm pretty happy with overall. Very rich feature-set, and it seems to be open source. (I say "seems" because I haven't checked to see if the OSS code is enough to replicate the site on my own hosting.) Although I've had some squirrelly save/load behaviour, which was concerning.
Depends on whether any Lifters have optimized it for these tests or not, which, after skimming the github repo and commit history, does not appear to be the case.

Same with any of the other frameworks - some have been optimized by their fans, others are running in default configs.

Techempower should add a filter to show only frameworks that have been optimized.
I have a number of Iranian friends who are now finishing up their PhDs. Having a hostile and suspicious government to go back to adds a qualitatively different level of stress to the process. With CISPA/SOPA and all the concern over the gradual decline in American freedoms, it's easy to forget that the US is still a comparatively free country. Here, my friends can openly criticize the President or any other member of government all they want without fear of consequences; doing so back home would lead to a different outcome.

Another sad aspect of the whole H1B situation is that, even if they aren't put through abuse at work, these are extremely talented people who often settle for jobs that are more suitable for a bachelors or masters degree holder because they have only a short time to find a large company willing to pay for the H1B, which greatly limits their options. The nature of work available to them is also more restricted. Want to work on military aircraft or certain navigation systems? Too bad.

I have none of these obstacles, not because I am more capable, trustworthy, or loyal, but merely because I was born in the US.
These bonds have scheduled payments so the idea is that you are earning yield on your investment for 1,000 years. You're getting paid as time rolls on -- you're not waiting for the maturity date. All the parameters of the bond indicate how risky the market sees the investment. If Joe Nobody wants to issue a 1,000 year bond, the market would demand an appropriate rate given the risk involved. Most likely, it would never be issued because no one would be safe with that level of risk. I'm guessing the market considers HSBC Luxembourg pretty safe.
I think it's fair to assume that perf/$ will increase, and that will lead to cheaper devices with acceptable perf.
To provide a counter perspective, even if you consider that the un-employable majority would be 90% (highly unlikely), the remaining 10% equal the total number of engineering graduates from US and that is if you consider that entire 100% graduating out of American colleges are employable.
Money Wins Elections Infographic
It's been a while since I've seen a '/afs/...' path.
People chose language X over language Y not for performance reasons. Cost , ease of use and deployment , librairies , available programmers ,etc ... Things are more complicated than just a benchmarks. Furthermore NodeJS and raw PHP are doing quite well in the benchmarks.
Round 4 results - TechEmpower Framework Benchmarks
I just kept recompiling it until it tasted right.