skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I assume you're referring to typestate. One of the reasons that typestate was removed is that practically everything you can do with typestate can be done with session types instead. Constraints can be modeled as unique types with a trusted transition function from state to state. The unique type system used for memory management in Rust nicely doubles as a session type system. This is actually done today with the pipes compiler—it uses unique types to statically ensure that you can't violate a communications protocol, just as typestate can.

One of our focuses for 1.0 is on aggressively pruning features that overlap, to reduce language complexity and to avoid committing ourselves to language features we might not need. However, future versions of the language might add more static analyses as they prove useful.
All that data needs to be stored somewhere...
Ask HN: Thoughts on 3D printed guns?
In 1822, Charles Babbage wrote about a plan to print mathematical tables using a machine. Yet not until 1979, 157 years later, did Epson's competitively priced printer hit homes, establishing a market for such trinkets. The burgeoning realm of computer printers was launched. Today, mass-produced printers flourish, present in nearly every North American home, owing to a visionary mathematician.

In 1984, Charles Hull invented stereo-lithography: the ability to print tangible 3D objects. By 2002, scientists had engineered a functioning kidney, demonstrating the idea of printable organs. In 2008, the first printer capable of printing most of its own parts was created. The year 2012 saw the first 3D-printed prosthetic implant. Printing 3D objects is a technology poised to bloom.

In 1901, Ransom Olds invented the modern assembly line, ushering an era of mass production. His idea allowed manufacturers to make everything from horseless carriages to automatic weapons on an unprecedented scale, but not with free rein. Factory owners, distributors, and stores must abide by certain regulations, including strict gun controls. In a world of mass-produced, manufactured goods, drafting laws that restrict who can buy or produce guns makes sense.

Hardly will it take 157 years for 3D printers to go from hobbyist tinker-toy to standard home appliance. The technology is advancing faster than a speeding bullet. A decade hence will dawn the age of 3D printers, wounding the mass production industry and killing certain government controls.

Once people can print plastic cups and assorted nicknacks from their couch, the proliferation of untraceable guns could be... explosive.
Ask HN: How to create my own debit card?
I mean how to create a card that acts as a debit card that I can distribute to other people? It's like those student cards university use for on campus food, shops, and internal services. Students would deposit money in, and spend money from the card at participating locations.
A few friends and I did a map hack of rat population vs. median rent price in NYC: http://fergle.com/ratstoriches/

It's only really useful if you're looking to live in Manhattan, and probably completely skewed by Sandy... but interesting nonetheless.

Here's the TOW centre write up with some of the other hacks: http://towcenter.org/blog/tow-center-mapathon-2012/
I hate to be that guy, but we value a pretty high signal to noise ratio here on HN. Comments like this will likely always get you downvoted and for good reason. The guidelines at the top are worth a read from time to time.
I'm really excited for the Grooveshark integration- been waiting almost six months for this. Great job guys! Look forward to an SDK sometime down the road too so we can hook it up to our own apps.
The "disclosure" represented by a patent issued to a random shell corporation is minimal considering the opaque (and yet still ambiguous) legal jargon they are written in and the sheer volume of junk patents issued. This is, of course, part of the tragedy of today's lamentable patent system.

If Intellectual Ventures was actually interested in performing a service for the industry they would publish all sorts of information about all their patents in their portfolio (starting with which patents they control), so that potential licensees could actually collect and license valuable ideas. But of course it's much more profitable to make patents as confusing, opaque, vague, and secret as possible, then wait for someone to unknowingly infringe and sue them a couple of years after it's too late to stop infringing.
I'm not sure I fully understand your question.

A "standalone" site can get the IP address of the users DNS server by doing an AJAX request to http://[random].ip.yourdomain.com/. Your DNS server responds to requests for *.ip.yourdomain.com with the IP of your webserver and stores the requesting IP address in a database using [random] as its key. Finally a script on your website fetches the IP from the database when it gets the request and prints it out wrapped in a cute little JSON wrapper.
You can see an example of this at http://entropy.dns-oarc.net/test/
Enlightenment 0.17 Released After 12 Years of Development
Ok, glad it's not lost! Thanks for the info.
> Perhaps I'm just not using the same definitions of terms, but I thought a uniform distribution is still considered random.

No, a uniform distribution is not evidence of randomness. Consider the digits 0 - 9 repeated endlessly:

0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 ...

Uniformly distributed? Yes. Random? No.

> What is this notion of "pure randomness" that this article and many comments seem to be eluding [sic] to?

First, s/eluding/alluding/

Second, although the topic is complex, one test of randomness is that an ideal compression method, one able to find and exploit any repetitive pattern, cannot compress a random sequence.

Third, the term "entropy" as used in information theory is tied to randomness, as explained here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(information_theory)

A quote: "The entropy rate for a [fair coin] toss is one bit per toss. However, if the coin is not fair, then the uncertainty, and hence the entropy rate, is lower."

Based on that, high entropy -> high randomness.

Not to oversimplify a complex topic.
> Is the best option to buy a PDF and get it printed and bound at a local print shop?

This might make sense at first glance, but in many cases it's a technical violation of copyright. When you buy a PDF, you're buying the right to read it, not reproduce it.
Steve Jobs Inspired Poem "The Fool and the School of Hard Knocks"
If your a Steve Jobs and Apple Fan, and Remember Steve's Inspirational 2005 Stamford Commencement Address you'll Enjoy Davids Poem.
"The Fool and the School of Hard Knocks".

Mac Belt - "Hands Free iPad Mini Holder, Company & Brand Promoter".

Mac Belt SLIM - "Company & Brand Promoter",

Check it out on #Kickstarter now - http://kck.st/12l3C0y

It will come in a range of colors, Aluminium Silver, Black, White, Red, Blue and Pink with the matching colour inner rubber mold and in a range of Brown, Black and White Leather Belts.

Please Share the Story and Video and Help the Mac Belt get Funded on Kickstarter.
http://kck.st/12l3C0y
I was one of those who suggested that you write a book and you curtly dismissed the whole idea.

Very glad the folks at Hyperink were much more persuasive and good luck with it;<).
Flickr Holiday Gift - 3 Months of Flickr Pro For Free
PC sales, even with the release of Windows 8, did drop 21% compared to one year ago...

OK. But would it even be remotely possible to consider that year-to-year China is in recession, a lot of european countries are in recession and U.S. is not in a great position (e.g. the manufacturing sector is firing people left and right), Japan is in a terrible situation, etc. and that this may be playing a role on the number of PCs sold?

Year-to-year sales of cars in France has gone down by 20%.

When people enter a recession they tend to try to save money: cars and PCs are expensive things. Smartphones not so much (especially with all the "plans" luring people who cannot count in).

I think that smartphones and tablet did play a role in the "minus 21%" that TFA mentions but I'm also certain that the worldwide recession is playing a role too. People don't afford what they see as "expensive" that easily.

$100 + five-years-unlimited-plan-and-i-can-rape-your-children, they don't pay that much attention and so smartphones tend to be more "recession proof".
It's pretty clear the major publishers are a bad deal. But what about self publishing a very targeted ebook or print on demand book that would make you the subject matter expert on a particular subset of your general skills.

It seems to me that a 35 - 60 page ebook might be better for your reputation than 35 or 60 blog posts. Not sure, but it seems to me, "Go look it up on Amazon. I'm published there" should send a pretty good signal, particularly if you have mostly positive reviews.
Haha, yeah. Or

Agda: when Turing completeness gets in the way of your mathematical logic.
This is why I love HN. You get an ID not just of the computer but of the goddamn sequencer!
I suspect that competing with cell service providers in the USA is very difficult, but slightly easier than competing with the Post Office for providing first-class mail service, competing with the US Mint by minting your own currency, or competing with the US military for providing national defense.
EXEC's design when Kyro released his facelift was not really a 'design' at all. It was a very, very simple page that looked like someone put it together in under an hour(not a criticism, an observation).
For those interested in an in-depth look at 48 fps in The Hobbit from an artistic viewpoint, here are two good blog posts discussing its effect on filmmaking:

http://www.theverge.com/2012/12/18/3780274/48-fps-how-we-acc...

http://blog.vincentlaforet.com/2012/12/19/the-hobbit-an-unex...

I've read the first article so far, which suggests that solving problems with 48 fps present in The Hobbit is simply a matter of modifying filmmaking techniques.
I heard an interesting opinion today. Someone bought a nexus 4, then exchanged it for a note 2. They said that the stock Android was "too similar" to the iPhone, and that the Samsung interface was the innovative one.

Having enjoyed stock android for a while now, I thought this was bizarre but perhaps a bit true.
It reminds me of the Enron scandal.

They were creating so many shell companies that they were using names from places / people from the Star Wars universe. They even had a "death star" technique IIRC.

I wonder what "theme" is IV using to name all their shell companies.
not supposed to be the kind of comment HN encourages

Yet, its what we may perceive as the best representation of what the populace is having to deal with / parrot. Like most ironies, sadness and hilarity ensue.
The problem isn't GTD, it's this desire to do and be "remarkable" all the time. To only want to do "deep work" so people will remark about it and then tell other people how awesome you are is shallow at best.

I think Dale Carnegie had it right when he said:

Generally speaking we like the big stuff because it seems to make an impact. Huge tasks should equal huge rewards, theoretically. If you do a lot of little things really well, however, it reflects positively on your character. You seem like a person who gets a lot done and does a great job. The little tasks may not always seem exciting, but you have a lot to gain by completing them with the same passion as a larger project.
I don't know what kind of programmer I am, but I do know that most of my leaps in productivity come from three sources (I am a web developer):

* experience

* really understanding what the client or business needs, so I don't spend my time building something that doesn't meet the needs of the user

* finding a tool or library that gets 80-100% of the job done rather than me writing the code (my favorite scenario!)

I believe there are many domains where the above factors are enough to make you a great developer, though perhaps not a 1000x dev.
People still look for periphery information at the bottom of the page. Until that habit changes I think we'll still need to keep it there.
That would show worse ROI then though, which looks bad on Google.
https://ccrma.stanford.edu/papers/techniques-note-identifica...

For the details.
Good question. I'm new at it as well. My policy, which I am admittedly experimenting with, is to count a 4+ hour day as one day. I also add up partials and count them as a day when they hit four hours. So:

Monday: 2 hours.

Tuesday: 15 minutes.

Wednesday: 9 hours.

Thursday: 5 hours.

Friday: 3 hours.

adds up to three days plus 1.25 hours accruing. It still has issues like: should this be explained to a client because it's confusing? What do I do about accruals that never reach four? Does it encourage me to work close to four hours per day, which is not the point of it?

Another method I've thought of, which I read on some company's blog, is to assign people to ongoing projects who bill daily, and to also have a sweeper who bills hourly on questions, emergencies and miscellany. I'm not sure if clients would accept such a person's hourly exceeding the daily rate without setting that expectation upfront.

It's hard to fit because the daily method is best for a developer who works to a spec, turns the site over to someone else when done, and always leaves gaps between projects to avoid any overlap due to deployment issues and other problems like that.

And meanwhile, some freelancers I know are saying that weekly is all the rage...
Do you mean literally equal, or approximately equal? I can see there being high view counts for K-pop music videos in the Middle Eastern and African countries, where it K-pop gained popularity as a credible alternative to Western entertainment, which may be too sexualized for the socially conservative sensibilities in those countries. America's military aggression in that part of the world hasn't done Western entertainment any favors either.
The distributions are describing different aspects. Let's take the WoW loot example. A monster could drop 50 different objects with equal probability. Kill it a few million times you'll get a uniform distribution of kills against item type.

Now if we take that same kill data and instead ask how many times do I get item type 2 in 100 kills you'll see a Poisson distribution. If you didn't see a Poisson distribution when asking that question then the events were probably not independent of each other, and hence weren't actually random (e.g. The monster could just drop the 50 items types in order).
The other factor is environment. High stress environments are a killer. Reading The Programmer's Stone (http://the-programmers-stone.com/about/) was a real eye opener for me in terms of mental state and what was possible if given enough space.
Are you making this up, ill-informed or do you not understand physics and radiation? I do not mean this as offensively as it will ultimately be read, so apologies

These scanners exposé you to less than 1/200th the radiation dose of a standard plane flight, and between 1/200th and 1/400th of a standard chest X-ray.

Yes, ionising radiation can cause cancer. But your chance of getting cancer anyway is 1 in 2.4.

I have no love of excessive security measures, and I personally don't think that we should ever unnecessarily cause people to be exposed to radiation, especially when other methods can do the same job without radiation, and even moreso when the efficacy of the scanners is unproven.

But I have a particular dislike of the psychogenic claims that arise around technologies that posit to do this or that, when the action of the machine or technology in question is noninvasive and especially when the action is not substantively different from normal daily exposures that every human receives anyway

Refs:

standard CXR 2.4x background radiation

Backscatter Imaging 6-7% of a days background radiation (0.25 microsiverts per 'scan =1.5hrs @ background radiation or 2 minutes of an airplane at altitude)

Abdo CT: 2.7 years BG radiation

- http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219970.php

- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backscatter_X-ray
Can we play 48fps on our computers? I mean: is there a common video format supporting 48fps and a common media player (eg VLC) able to play at 48fps?

If so, the following movie would be great: make several types of animations / sequences (both filmed and 3D and, if possible, a mix of both) but... On the left part of the movie you show it at 48fps while on the right part of the movie you show only, say, even frames (hence showing each even frame twice and skipping every uneven frame).

That would be a great "visual explanation" as to what 48fps does.
Angel fund apocalypse: $1B about to incinerate
Regional trade agreements
Is there a higher resolution image available? I'd love to make that a new desktop background.
Show HN: God-i ... Share Life as it Happens
I actually just wrote a Node + Express + Backbone error handling system today.

I've been staying sane through the use of the 'Q' promise package (https://github.com/kriskowal/q). For example, in the below code chunk any errors thrown in makeEmailConfirmation or sendEmailConfirmation will land in the .fail() catch block.

I believe using a promise system is the only way to avoid callback hell.

var deferred = Q.defer();

...

Storage.CustomLinks.makeEmailConfirmationLink(user)
.then(function(link) {
return Email.sendEmailConfirmation(user, link);
})
.then(function(result) {
deferred.resolve(result);
})
.fail(function(err) {
deferred.reject(new ServerError(err));
})
.end();

...

return deferred.promise;
The distinction is between independent identically distributed random variables, where it's possible to not get the item after 1/p tries, and what you described, which the events are not identically distributed. In the case you describe, the probability you'll get an item when you have a second completion is 1/9, not 1/10.

This is the distinction that the original article highlighted and gives rise to the Poisson distribution, which can have unintuitive results because it is not a uniform distribution. You are describing a uniform distribution. (A Poisson distribution characterizes the number of hits you would expect after running some number of iid random events.)
Things to Know Before Hiring a PR Agency
I think programmers overstate the demand for servers vs. clients. By definition client machines could be 10 - 100,000 per server. So, yes, intel can sell a lot of powerful server chips, but the high volume client machines like desktops, laptops, phones, tablets, etc. are moving away from x86. That is bad for intel and AMD and x86 in general.
The world has abandoned us. We fight alone, against an insidious enemy... an enemy who would destroy the Commonwealth, who would have our nation crumble from within. But we are strong enough to fight the Red Faction. You asked for greatness. I have given it to you. You asked for victory. It is within our grasp!!! Do not ask me to surrender to our enemies. I WILL NOT!!!
There are (as far as I understand) unauthorized summaries on Amazon. This one looks promising, but it's hard to assess the quality without actually reading it:
http://www.amazon.com/Getting-Things-Done-Summary-Productivi...
I'm not advocating the "One Way". Rather, I gather the thousand-tabs users are fringe. They are welcome to use it that way if they like. But when it comes to development; is it better to spend developer time on making Firefox a lot better for 1% of users, or a little better for 95% of users?
The best thing about d3, to me, is that it feels so natural on the web. It's really built with standards, instead of against them.

Thanks to the d3 community and especially to Mike for making an awesome tool and working hard to make the documentation useful.
Tabs are too ephemeral; I have a hybrid of the two. I use tabs for things I will read later but won't care about in a week. Things that I wish to store long-term are bookmarks, and tabs that get too old are either culled or converted to bookmarks.
Tutorial on how to rip and convert 2D DVD to 3D FLV with 2D to 3D Converter
Do you want to convert 2D DVD movies to 3D movies and enjoy it with a 3D media player on your computer? DVDFab 2D to 3D Converter will help you to rip and convert 2D DVD to 3D FLV with ease. Lean more about DVDFab 2D to 3D Converter at: http://www.dvdfab.com/2d-to-3d-converter.htm?ad=hcj

Read the tutorial at: http://www.dvdfab.com/2d-to-3d-converter/how-to-convert-2d-dvd-to-3d-flv.htm?ad=hcj
PPC had that (zero one cacheline) and this caused a good amount of complaining when the G5 came out and increased the cacheline size, making dcba/dcbz worthless and dcbzl have different behavour between G4 and G5.
I used to be a 10x developer when I was younger. I would produce huge amounts of bug free, high quality code at a rate much higher than my peers.

I'm older now. I produce about as much functionality as my peers, and at comparable time, but I do so at about 1/10 to 1/100 of the code length.

I haven't tried going back to crunching code at the 10x rate, and I'm not sure I can - I spend the majority of my time now figuring how to NOT write any code (or very little), and still achieve my goals. In a way, I'm still a 10x programmers - 10 times less code, works as well, and is usually much more future proof.

If I wasn't coding for my own startup, that might have hurt my compensation, but I think in the long run, I'm doing as good or better job than I did 15 years ago, even though I'm not faster than my peers these days.
Now that is an IPO I am looking forward to.
"hard to truely say what is random or what is a as yet unknown pattern."

No, it's just saying that it's much easier to get pseudorandomness out of a computer than true randomness.

"This is why many have taken the approach of not having a single source of random numbers but use many and average out from there. There again is that random as the chances with such an approach of getting a high or low value would be biased out."

Technically speaking you wouldn't average you'd add them together and take the decimal portion (modulo 1). That can negate bias as long as one of the sources is good even if you don't know which one.

Of course you can remove bias from a single source by Von Neumann's method although this might be computationally harder than the above:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_coin#Fair_results_from_a_b...
Just fixed this. I'll see if we can push out a Rust 0.5.1.