skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
To quote that bastion of Jimmy Wales:

"Although Mach is often mentioned as one of the earliest examples of a microkernel, not all versions of Mach are microkernels.

The project at Carnegie Mellon ran from 1985 to 1994, ending in apparent failure with Mach 3.0, which was finally a true microkernel.

Mach and its derivatives are in use in a number of commercial operating systems, … most notably Mac OS X using the XNU operating system kernel which incorporates an earlier (non-microkernel) Mach as a major component.

Neither Mac OS X nor FreeBSD maintain the microkernel structure pioneered in Mach."[0]

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_(kernel)
Hmm, but you do always get an error message when you relaunch, allowing you to report the error or see some details.
Intrusive add that caught my click. I left the site without even seeing the article...
In the US they are still sold onshore at present. Although the state they are sold from is an issue. This could change though of course.
That doesn't support your argument very well. We've had this conversation before, and in it I suggested you stop focusing on anecdata and isolated examples and employ some statistical rigor instead.
Ask HN: Considering relocation to Europe, options for recruiters/job hunting?
Due to life circumstances, there is an interesting option for my wife and I to consider moving to Europe. The benefit, I am married to an EU National (she has dual citizenship -- so generally a work permit in the EU won't be a problem for me) who moved here for me. Sometimes it is time to reciprocate.<p>We are looking at Central Europe (Germany/Switzerland/Austria/France).<p>She's in tech, more on the project/program management side and has her sources (but even some of those are dated). We both work for companies where we could probably due intra-company transfers, but are also open to other avenues.<p>Has anyone originally based in the US had recent experience with finding resources for finding positions in Europe? Or anyone in Europe have suggestions for finding opportunities?<p>Historically, the usual process has been finding a good recruiting firm (often based in the UK).<p>I know some of the startup avenues to explore.<p>Overall, though I'd love to hear what people can suggest about other options.
They should also use principles from the Object Management Group.
> What I find really funny when I hear Ron Paul or somebody advocate a return to the gold standard and the abolition of the Federal Reserve is that they're really arguing for handing over monetary policy to the mining industry!

Not really, mining industry still can produce only fixed amount of gold, while central bankers can potentially print infinite amount of paper money.

(I'm not advocate of gold standard)
I really wish Ripple got more press. Instead we get stupid articles like this that is downright painful to read. Eli explained why it was stupid way better than I ever could, so read that comment for motivation.

Basically Ripple is the anti-thesis of bitcoin as it works solely on trust between the participant and does therefore catch the essential mechanism of how all fiat economies work.
I disagree. I think the only big problems with teaching monads is that they are a mathematically inspired abstract interface (while most people only need to bother about the concrete implementations of this inteface) and that Haskell forced them too soon on people, since you need monads to do IO.
The message passing overhead issues have been successfully addressed.

http://ertos.nicta.com.au/research/l4/
http://ssrg.nicta.com.au/publications/papers/Heiser_08lca.sl...
http://www.cooper.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/nouisystems...

Yeah, right. At some point on that curve the UI would grow arms and make me my favorite breakfast every morning. Objects in the world are innately limited by the causes they have in their origin. An pear tree can only ever produce pears unless what are encoded in its seed are changed.
People upvote for being insightful, relevant, well thought out and well written; for adding to the discussion, not for being right. A contrarian post will usually have more to contribute than a post that basically agrees with the OP.
Wow! Not remotely close to my experience. I don't know anyone who's finished a PhD in 3 years, and know a few who have gone on 7 or 8 years (fully funded). My perspective is US-based, mostly with MIT/Harvard PhDs.

You should probably qualify your statement, because I don't know what country/context you're speaking from.
While knowledge of VPNs is huge, their use is not as large as you posit. I would argue instead that the real reason many young Chinese don't really care what the "great firewall" does is that they're almost exclusively using the domestic Chinese internet. Browsing in simplified Chinese, there's rarely a need to access the outside internet.
I followed these instructions and it worked like a charm: http://shanetully.com/2012/08/gitlab-internally-public-proje...
Jailing is the only possible constitutional violation?
Such a technique is called steganography. It's possible but would require lots of bandwidth depending on how secure you need it to be. For example you can hide data in a photo by slightly changing the shades of red in it without changing the appearance of the photo noticeably.
I'm so happy Java can't load libpq you won't believe.
Because it means that Postgresql API gets reimplemented as a crispy JVM code that never crashes my JVM.
If we would live in the world where a Java program would use libpq and libxml and libldap and whatever, it would be so much less stable, introspective and consistent that it won't be Java anymore. It would be a particularly ugly kind of Python.

And yes, it would crash when you use threads. Since all those C libraries pretend that threads don't matter. Guess what, our Java program has 500 threads and feels fine.
This may be true for some fields in some countries at some universities, but it is certainly not the norm for, for example, Computer Science in the United States at any school I know of.
The problem with "AI" and endusers is we humans are flawed enough to have a large and only semi-effective science and industry focusing on what amounts to interface failures between "intelligences". Abnormal psych, couples counseling, that sort of thing.

True, you do need to worry about the engineering and stats and this might be close to solved for some trivial problems.

Yes you also need to worry about the interactions between AI and "normal" people and this is nowhere near solved even for trivial problems but its been slowly improving for decades.

The biggest problem is debugging interactions between AI and "AB-normal" people. How should the AI react when rubbed up against a OCD person, or a psychopath, or a developmentally disabled enduser?

This I believe to be the fundamental failure mode for AI in enduser products, probably enforced by the greedy legal system. If you ignore the most vulnerable members of the population you knowingly released a product that kills them, thats not going to turn out well. Or you can hyperoptimize it such that your lawnmower is better at dealing with psychopaths than the smartest human, in which case its hyperregulated by the medical system up to unaffordable cost.
The concept you're looking for is "independence"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_(probability_theor...

The glow worms are still distributed randomly in the mathematical sense, but knowing the position of one tells you something about the likely positions of others, so they are not independent.

Common parlance doesn't do a great job at talking about the features of random distributions, but when people say "purely random," they often seem to mean "uniformly distributed and independent." Both pictures have uniformly distributed points, but the glow worms are not independent.
Google Web Cache and Man in the Middle Attacks
An old vulnerability class reared its head recently when I was reviewing the vulnerabilities Google deems "rewardable". Mixed Scripting, when https enabled applications serve or generally just make requests to non-https enabled applications or resources.

This post details how Google Search can be used conjunction with the vulnerability in Google web cache to aid quite an effective man in the middle attack.
This article covers some of the case law http://www.lw.com/upload/pubContent/_pdf/pub4047_1.pdf but basically at least in the US software licenses as licenses not sales have been upheld. Other countries may differ.
RIM still scrambling to catch yesterday’s hottest mobile app
Clnnr - Social cleaning app - how to achieve a clean future
I did not know sort had a -h. I've been doing du -sc|sort -n. Thanks!
Happens every year. Welcome to the App Store. ;-)
http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.network.openvpn.devel/7185
$ perldoc perlop
Selling Domain for $15+
I'm selling christmascardz.com (Christmas Cardz) for $15+.

I'd want the payment as an iTunes or Amazon gift card code.
I don't disagree with what he's saying, but find it interesting that he's still making a living as a fluffer to those very same people.
How is it a "sad state of affairs?" How can anyone dedicate their time to building something that doesn't even pay for itself?

If he can make money from it that's fantastic. If he can't he'll have to move on. No one is saying the only market that exists is rich white people.
(tl;dr: in California, such agreements are unenforceable)

I don't know what state the author was in when he was working for Sony, but California State law prohibits such arrangements in employer agreements (Labor code section 2870):

http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=lab...

2870. (a) Any provision in an employment agreement which provides that an employee shall assign, or offer to assign, any of his or her rights in an invention to his or her employer shall not apply to an invention that the employee developed entirely on his or her own time without using the employer's equipment, supplies, facilities, or trade secret information except for those inventions that either:
(1) Relate at the time of conception or reduction to practice of the invention to the employer's business, or actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development of the employer; or
(2) Result from any work performed by the employee for the
employer.
(b) To the extent a provision in an employment agreement purports to require an employee to assign an invention otherwise excluded from being required to be assigned under subdivision (a), the provision is against the public policy of this state and is unenforceable.
the identifier of "GenY" usually comes with the implied notion that we are the children of GenX -- in other words, that our parents were boomers...

GenX were not the boomers, they were the children of the boomers.[1]

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_X
Company provided a car to pick up and drop us off, I'm not sure what the parking situation would be otherwise.
> a real example of what problems monads solve

Have you ever used an async promise library in Javascript? Its a monad! (you have a function to create a new "async promise" given a sync value and you have a method to chain a promise with a callback that returns a new promise)

The complicated thing about monads is that they are an abstract interface. Having the abstract interface is good if you want to write generic code that works on all monads (and if you want to prove things about your code) but makes it hard to understand stuff. Another problem with monads is that its API can't be implemented directly in most languages so they get restricted to the more functional languages: one of the methods (>>=) receives an anonymous function as an argument (and many languages don't support those)and another method (the awkwardly named "return") is polymorfhic on its return value (OO languages can only handle polymorphism on the first input argument, the "this").
In Europe and Australia, a PhD is commonly a "three" year program. I put "three" in quotes because the truth is closer to 3.5 or 4. This is still very short and oddly specific to North Americans where a PhD is nominally a 4 year program, but in practice is more typically 6 (depending on whether or not you do a masters first). It is not unusual for it to take 7 or 8 years. North Americans are not being slow or lazy, they come out of it with far more research and teaching experience and are generally far more capable than the equivalent overseas. It is sort of like already having one postdoc under your belt.
> it just adds another issue to negotiate in every deal.

Not really. We have this thing called technology, which allows people to automate things. And it is very much possible to automate almost everything related to currencies and payments.

If merchant wants to hold currency A, but can gain customers from currencies B, C, D, F, he can just implement some payment processor which does all the legwork for him with 1% fee.

> I don't see any major harm but I don't see any benefit either.

It is pretty difficult to see benefit why someone would want to use for example dollars compared to euros. It is mostly where you happen to live and to what currency you are used to. But I would bet my ass that people would after all like to decide themselves what currency to use, instead of someone else to force them to use specific currency (however still most people would probably just use the currency they are used to).
"A PhD is a three year programme of study. "

That might be the case in the UK but not the U.S. 4 years is closer to a minimum here than a maximum, and some fields (e.g., history) it may be ten years or more.
> Writers got good ultimately by writing, not by reading books about writing or taking classes on writing.

I'm not sure this is true. I've had a little success in short story writing, and have been pushing myself to get better over quite a few years now. At least for me, writing seems necessary but not sufficient. I have to:

* Write

* Think hard about what I write

* Critique other writers

* Read books by people who know the subject

* Write some more

The key seems to be reflecting as well as writing. It's essentially a constant struggle to improve rather than just cranking the handle. I think that's why the answer to:

> Do bureaucrats after years of writing reports and instructions get better?

is no. They're not striving to be better.
There's no way I'd pay thousands for a domain these days. There's so many common TLD's available now that if you can't have .com it's perfectly acceptable to have another.

The simple fact is that nobody cares any more. It's more common to directly type the company name in the address bar of a browser than to type out "www." etc.
Anyone intersted in this style of programming needs to read "Clean Ruby" by Jim Gay. (Currently being written with beta access)

To be honest; it looks like this post might have been inspired by that book (or the concepts behind it) but I think the book does a better job explaining it (Obviously, a book vs a single blog post.)
"Inflation punishes people who keep their money under the mattress instead of consuming it or investing it."

This is absolutely false. Inflation primarily punishes investors -- those who made fixed-income, dollar-denominated investments. People who bought corporate bonds, government/municipal bonds, banks who sold homeowner or businesses loans -- they all have fixed-income returns, and they all get a haircut. The longer-term the investment, the more it hurts them, and the less likely they could have predicted (hence priced in) inflation.

This isn't ideological or arguable; it's basic economics. Inflation punishes creditors.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation#Effects
Perhaps it's not; I spent most of my time among very internationally-oriented, business-minded English speakers, which is by no means a fair sample, but it's not an insignificant subset, either. I'm most concerned about VPNs as the only possible path to avoid censorship on a large scale.
Machiavellian intelligence
For people downvoting this: This is correct in the UK and judging from the spelling, that's a good guess for where billyjobob is, despite the Texas sounding handle.
Identify the companies you want to work for and pitch them.
So basically centralize economic power into the state. I can see many ways this won't work out well. Instead of a bunch of Wall Street banks pretending to compete, you just have one monopoly government, not competing.
This is clearly a brilliant security feature - a brute-force attack on a password of that length would be all but impossible! Bravo, Microsoft!
Independently from central banks money is continually being created due to lending, which causes inflation. In a healthy economy central banks actually destroy money to keep that inflation at acceptably low levels.
Unless they are interest rate-linked (inflation-linked by proxy) bonds...
Correct. That's why a contract mentioning WFH should include a clause that if this work isn't considered a WFH, then there is a rights assignment.
The Simple Truth (2008)
This is Ryanair SOP - you don't the the owner got to be the "most hated man in Ireland" for nothing do you.
Every time I've gotten one of these documents I've amended it to "any IP for aspect foo of business bar." Example: video training software, or freemium mobile games. My employers have not objected, and it's a restriction I cane live with.

Honest employers want to keep you from competing with them while on the payroll, and want to avoid any claims that company IP belongs to you. Amend the document to address that and they may agree.
>If the currency is deflating, even predictably, then whoever gets paid has an automatic advantage over whoever does the paying.

If the value of the currency is changing predictably and the date of the future payments is known then it can be taken into account in determining the amount of the payments. However, the purchaser does benefit if the seller doesn't know enough to account for it or is timid and fails to assert the demand, etc.
Solavei
If you are looking for an easy way to make money from home. then Solavei is your answer. People all over are doing very well with this home business opportunity.
Oversimplified. This is an HN comment not a Economics paper. Discretionary spending reduced, borrowing falling leads to deflationary cycle with shrinking economy unless action is taken.

I thought it would be obvious I didn't mean absolutely all spending will stop.
But when government, police and courts are all lined up against the people, then that which was formerly unthinkable - such as armed revolt - should become seriously considered options. When, and only when.

I've visited several totalitarian countries. We have a hell of a long way to go before I take such suggestions seriously in the context of the US.

In the case of Occupy Oakland, it is worth noting that the Oakland police were the first to escalate to violence.

I live in Oakland and paid careful attention to the Occupy protests. The local anarchists did not attack the police first, but they were perfectly happy to trash buildings from coffee shops to convenience stores in furtherance of their disbelief in the idea of private property. Earlier last year, similarly minded people were perfectly happy to protest the shooting by police of a wanted criminal who produced a gun while running away from a transit fare inspector by trashing a subway station in San Francisco and smashing the ticket and fare machines: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2P5LIrFDXc

The person who got shot was on the run from Washington state, where he had raped and killed his ex-girlfriend. When challenged by a fare inspector he ran from the bus, produced and brandished a gun, then tripped and shot himself in the neck. The resulting protests, though ostensibly about police brutality (non-existent in this case), were organized by the same people who oppose any kind of transit fare increase ever and are continually trying to gin up civil disobedience actions with slogans such as 'can't pay - won't pay.'

I'm more familiar with their ideology than I want to be because they make a habit of plastering my neighborhood in Oakland with their 'revolutionary' agit-prop (using plaster makes them almost impossible to remove and creates an eyesore as the paper rots away over a period of a year or so). They also like to plaster and spray-paint their views on top of local community art projects like murals, on the theory that their revolutionary messages are 'more important.'

Fuck these people. This isn't armed revolt against a just cause, it's malicious vandalism.
That is only true for long term investments if the rates are fixed and the inflation is higher than those rates.
It applies to Windows 2000 Server and related products. The fix is included in SP1.
True, but we do accumulate wealth, in the form of houses, infrastructure and other quite permantent stuff.
"If IBM was not 'delivering' as a consultancy then it's highly doubtful they would be enjoying the growth and financial success that they are…"

A priori reasoning doesn't work in Big Biz Land. As a (former) high-priced consultant, who worked with many other high-priced consultants, inside Fortune 100 companies and out, let me assure you… the actual effectiveness of a consulting co. has nothing to do with how many contracts they score or what their profit is.
This is pretty much exactly what DHH advocates for, and for a simple case like this (creating a user, sending an email) it works great.

At some point though, your controllers are going to grow. Multiple code paths depending on the data submitted, depending on the current state of the application, etc. At this point, building service classes such as CreatesContact can become very useful, not to mention much easier to test and reuse.

Evan Light's article at http://evan.tiggerpalace.com/articles/2012/11/21/use-rails-u... advocates "Use Rails until it hurts" which I think is a very good mantra to keep in mind when working with Rails.
and after they finish building the system with separated business logic, suggest their business client to add a formal business requirement that all data should be persistently stored. just in case.
This sounds more like augury than algorithm.

Unless they have any stats to show me (which I doubt), I'm concluding that there's nothing scientific or even logical about any of these "secrets".

If you claim your method is based on statistics, show me some statistics. This article is the antithesis of the Moneyball approach.
I really need to waste less time reading total shit on HN.
MIT Video - Bounce Imaging: Company of the Week
Is this a joke? I seriously can't tell
You would be surprised how much aggregate purchasing power "poor people" have.

As someone that lives in a third world country, the biggest companies are those that sell lots of products to the masses - not the boutique shops that sell to "middle & upper classes". i.e. the "bottom of the pyramid". In fact, Carlos Slim (the richest man in the world) has a ton of companies that sell to the bottom of the pyramid, and he is doing fine ;)

The businesses, here, that target the middle-to-upper classes tend to struggle.

So I am fairly certain there is a way to monetize this.

In fact, some users do want to pay to keep their site alive. So we just need to balance the amount that is paid and make sure resources are effectively allocated.
I think something gets lost when we call this kind of shortcoming a missing feature... A missing feature is too easy to dismiss since we can mention all these scary words like "paralytic featur-itis." The fix here involves no new dialogs, no additional learning curve, nothing fancy whatsoever. It's just a case of absent-minded application design, and the point stands that it makes a tremendous difference in the end product.
I wouldn't throw out the phrase "so little money" so eagerly.

I'm a student with practically no income, and I have about 50 repositories for my school and weekend projects. To use GitHub, I would have to pay them $100/mo.