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(I commented on your gist but I'll comment here as well for completeness.)

It might be a bit easier for your brain if you think of specs not as "Ruby-language scripts", but as "RSpec-language scripts", a language which is a superset of Ruby.

RSpec is a DSL — domain-specific language — on top of Ruby. It purposely pollutes the top-level namespace with shorthand methods so that you don't have to qualify them. Yes, the range of what is available is essentially something you will need to hunt down in the documentation. And yes, the available shorthands are also dependent on what RSpec extensions you have installed; things like WebMock extend the namespace with its own methods.

After the confusion settles I think you will find that the reduced syntax is very helpful. It removes boilerplate to a large extent. In a more verbose test framework such as Test::Unit, developers always move common boilerplate (eg., test setup, common mocks) into test-wide helpers. RSpec just sets the table in a way that also reduces common test boilerplate.

For example, surely `describe Foo` is better than `class FooTest < Test::Unit::TestCase` — even if you don't understand what `describe` really does or where it comes from. You don't need to if you accept it's RSpec syntax.

And surely you will agree that this:

get "/"
last_response.status.should eq 200

...more concisely expresses the intent of the test than this:

request = Net::HTTP.get('localhost', '/')
response = http.request request
assert_equal response.code, 200

I personally quite like writing assertions as infix-style expressions (`x.should y`) rather than assertions (`assert_equal`). One reason is the wonderful flexibility in choosing what goes on the left and right sides:

lambda {
client.connect!
}.should_not raise_error(Client::ConnectionError)

Or:

stub = stub_request(:get, '/template').with({
query: hash_including(name: 'signup'),
headers: {
'Content-Type' => 'application/json'
}
})
get "/signup"
stub.should have_been_requested
Actually Bitcoin-Central is open to all people across the world, not just Europe:

"We won't have limitations regarding the citizenship of our clients." Source: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=129461.msg1382319#ms...
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Ask HN: What do executives do differently in their careers?
I've been out of undergrad for 2 years now, and have worked in 2 mid-sized companies, and 2 very large ones (internships/full-time).

And as I navigate the org charts of these companies, I wonder: what did the executives at these companies do differently that got them to where they are?

At first, I naturally assumed it was experience and age (or time within the company), but that doesn't seem to be the case at all.

What I have noticed is, generally, they tend to have MBAs or work on the business aspects of the company, or were executives/CEOs/Founders of other smaller companies that eventually got acquired.

I understand there is no single path or answer to this question but I'm curious to hear your opinions?
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Thanks for the kind words. SpeakerText was acquired over the summer.

Unfortunately, having awesome technology and improving journalism on the web are not the same as being able to make truckloads if money.
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To add to this point, bitcoin transactions are not just public, they're permanently verifiable.

By making a transaction with an address you're not just telling anybody who knows you own that address that you've made a transaction; you've allowed anyone who later discovers you owned that address to prove you made that transaction, for the rest of history.
I think you're right, to a point. I do know creative intellectuals who have found a simple life that pleases them, but as an outsider it always seems to come at the cost of avoiding certain questions and abandoning certain goals. I don't judge them for it; in fact I envy them on occasion, but it's not for me. Nevertheless, it occurs to me that a truly intelligent person who is honestly optimising for "contentedness" (purposely choosing to avoid the more connotative "happiness" here) should learn to satisfy themselves with simple pleasures. People who don't do that are either not truly intelligent, not truly honest, or don't truly seek to live a contented life (and I'm one of them).
> While there, did you only make decisions at the expense of your users to maximize profits?

I think you read a little more pejorative into that sentence than I intended (I understand why, it's a common phrasing in that sense). I mean it quite literally: they maximize profits by charging their users money (at their user's "expense") - not "for the overall detriment of their users" as you might (quite reasonably) interpret it.

But in this literal sense, yes, in every startup I've been involved in, we made decisions to make money and we planned for our users to pay that money. I'm not blaming Google for this - it's what businesses do (almost by definition!).
Who acquired it?
How else are they going to grow their quarterly revenue?
"imho, people are voting with their money for bigger screens"

Bigger screens were partially a response to Apple's ability to lock up global "retina" LCD production. Unable to compete at ppi, they could compete on absolute resolution. They're certainly popular on their own merits though.

"and different/more exciting OS UX"

This seems a bit fanciful. Here's a better story: guy walks into a store, salesman steers guy towards model that gets him the bigger commission.
Odds are that yes these results were presented to you based on a click purchase on the term you inputed 'coffeemaker' but there are other variables in play here. In order for something to be entered into the google shopping page it must be submitted by the companies/sales sites. In this process definitions, tags, meta data, seo scores, etc are all thrown into play to come up with the most accurate and popular results. With Keurig being on of the biggest and most popular coffe maker producers in the US it makes sense that there is more traffic and requests around that particular coffee maker.
Could the ‘platinum coin option’ solve the U.S. debt crisis?
Just to be clear, I don't have that mentality at all, see my reply to the GP.
Since it seems the biggest users of viruses, and presumably the most talented virus writers, are those doing ddos attacks against other websites…

Who wants to guess at when the first p0wned Reaper or Predator takes out a datacenter housing servers for someone who's annoyed Anonymous, or perhaps a competing poker/porn/pills site?

(That'll make a change from the usual "Cascading failures in us-1-east" post-mortem blog posts…)
Any competitor products out there which are still free? All I want is email for my domains.
You're afraid of typing the wrong things too? And also when the pixels on your monitor make certain patterns?
Hate? Cancer? These words are a bit strong, eh?

Have you read the original article? It was a minor correction to a typo in some documentation. I'm pretty sure everyone who knows how to read English would have understood the diff without reading any comments. The amusing comment was no big deal in this case, IMO.

Situations differ. Absolute rules for all circumstances are far more of a cancer than a little levity.
Seems most of the people recommending alternatives are only thinking of email. I use gapps for my family, and we take a huge advantage of having a domain-specific calender and docs.
Which is exactly why cars still look exactly like they did in 1932.
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I used to run my own one-user email system. The hosting alone cost $240 a year. And I had to spend a lot of time configuring exim4 (and spamassassin and clam-av), figuring out which email indexer to use, setting up offlineimap, running cron jobs to archive mailing lists, coercing a friend to run a secondary MX for me, etc., etc. I didn't enjoy it all. And no matter what I did to reduce spam, about 10 messages a day always made it through.

(And, when I was first doing this, someone trying to hire me for a job couldn't email me, because their hosting provider was once friendly to spammers and my aggressive blacklisting rejected their TCP connections. Oops.)

Running an email server is hard and very few people regret paying an expert to do it for them.

(As many HN readers know, I work for Google. But I'm not telling you that you should or should not use Google's product here, only that running an email server is not trivial.)
To my knowledge, there isn't a setting that changes it, but if you know of one, please let me know! I tend to send pretty longform texts to my girlfriend, so it's a bigger deal to me than probably most people.

Of course, recently we've been using Whatsapp instead and that works perfectly fine.
Ugh, I'm not subscribing to wsj.com. Good for Zynga though, if they pull it off that is a good way to monetize and they're positioned better than anyone for it.
I did miss that. Thanks for pointing that out.

I actually considered an email address like firstname@lastname.com. I figured I could add my parents, or future children.

But this only works for obscure last names or unusual TLDs. There's also the issue of family relationships - people get divorced, grow up and want more independence, etc. Marrying email to a family domain could be messy.
Google launches new YouTube redesign
There isn't really "food grade" CO2, just CO2.

I bought a CO2 delivery service business in college that was a sideline of my friends dad's business. He was buying tankercars of CO2 for welding to get a lower price and then selling his "cheap" CO2 to bars.
Just the other day I was looking for ways to offer email@mydomain to people who request it. I found that GApps was no longer offering free email. So, I ended up using Forwarders in cPanel to do the thing for me.

Forwarders in cPanel simply copy all incoming mail to email@mydomain to myother@email. If I didn't already create an email account email@mydomain, the incoming mail WILL NOT be stored on server which makes this a feasible solution. If I had, incoming mail would be copied to myother@email.
Just like long-term relationships, when breakups happen then people never speak again in most of the cases. But are differences that extreme?
I'll bet the other team members have gone on to highly lucrative careers in consulting.

The "spirit of the competition" is much like the "customer's objectives" - a concept to be completely ignored while scrutinizing the rules/specs to work out how to collect the prize/fee whilst doing the minimum amount of work.
Has anyone tried Zoho?

https://www.zoho.com/mail/zohomail-pricing.html
This. I've been looking for a good email solution for personal+freelance work with decent privacy, security, and reliability. I don't need 24/7 support. I am absolutely willing to pay for it. But pricing per mailbox with Google apps adds up really quickly even with just 4-5 boxes. I'd like to be able to make separate mailboxes for my partner and to separate several different classes of email (personal, business, limited access, catch all, etc) for security purposes. These things don't need extra support or space, I can't stomach an extra $50/year for what amounts to aliases with passwords.

Has anyone found a good solution for this? I could host it myself but that is a lot of hassle, free email accounts have ads and rarely let you use your own domain. The best I've found so far is email through a shared hosting provider, but it has limitations of its own (no IPv6, no 2 factor auth, self signed TLS certificates, etc). The cost is similar to a Google Apps account but without the linear price increase per mailbox.
It's not uncommon for siblings or very old friends to have a falling out. Happens all the time.
It's 2012, nobody wants to delete an email from the server. When Google Apps Standard launched (50 accounts, 1 GB per account, for free) business were consuming email using Outlook + POP3, deleting the mail from the server. Then you could offer 'ilimited' Cpanel based emnail accounts in less than 1 GB. Business and people have different standards now and consuming email using IMAP, letting the mail in the server, using more storage (7 GB / account) without paying anything. We can't back to the 1GB 'ilimted' accounts scenario. Google has influenced our behavior, has give us the 'first dose', now they come for the money.
Do you think the love it/hate it dichotomy over R for data 'munging' stems from different ways of thinking about data. I'm slowly getting comfortable in R since returning to work in a sort of freelance arrangement that makes me highly motivated to use free or affordable tools. I started out, however, in clinical epidemiology data analysis using MS Access and SAS. I still think of data in terms of rectangular data sets, RDBMS and sql. I have a hard time with vector and matrix related terminology. I think I'm going to end up using reshape2 and data.table a lot since sqldf is noticeably slower even with my small data sets (compared with web analytics, finance, etc). The problem with sqldf and variable names containing a dot is a real drag as I try to adopt good coding style. I am missing the clarity and familiarity of sql statements, though, as I try to find my new workflow in R. I hope a more unified approach to data munging emerges soon.
BTW, I totally espouse the reproducible research (RR) method of documenting study design, analysis, interpretation... I am loving knitr and latex for RR so I can no longer imagine using different tools for data munging and analysis.
Yes. In the comments, the author mentioned that they know this is redundant, but only if you already know it is.
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Heh, never seen someone so defensive about using Haskell before.

I'm not sure that the "here's now to do this Ruby thing in Haskell" method of learning Haskell is a good way to go about it. It would work well to teach Python or JS but not a Lisp or Haskell or Prolog. They differ at a lower level and require different mental models to even understand them, nevermind thinking in them.

I don't see it helping if you are trying to cram monads, laziness, side effect free programming, inferred types and new syntax into the mental model of code execution you use for Ruby.

Has anyone learned that way and found it useful? Do you learn a few things in a familiar context while cargo-culting the rest and then fill in the gaps later? Does it just click all of a sudden?

My biggest struggle was learning to think in Haskell and this type of mixed metaphor teaching material would just make things worse. That might not apply to everyone, but if it applies to you then you aren't alone. Try learning the execution model with little toy programs first, then move on to the kind of software you are used to writing once you know how to look at Haskell code and reason about what it does.
I signed up my domain for google apps as soon as I registed it about 3 hours ago. Must have been one of the last ones - I noticed they had taken the small text link on the apps homepage away and I had to click through to pricing to get the free version. Obviously Google had kicked off their deployment while I was registering.

Totally taking this as a sign for my next app btw.
You're missing the point, though. If you read the article, you would realize that printing is only a minor aspect of this application. It's just as much if not more about how they allow you to easily share and build a conversation around a group of images that you can share with a select group of people.
I believe that for nonprofits, the policy at http://www.google.com/apps/intl/en/nonprofit/index.html is still in effect.
They used to have a big honking announcement on the top of the google shopping page explaining this...
I work with Derek at Apcera. The send buffer in the test is 16kb.
Quoting from the Straight Talk terms of service:

> 6. STRAIGHT TALK UNLIMITED TALK, TEXT AND MOBILE WEB ACCESS PLAN INTENDED USE: Straight Talk Unlimited Talk, Text and Mobile Web Access Plans may ONLY be used with a Straight Talk handset for the following purposes: (i) Person to Person Voice Calls (ii) Text and Picture Messaging (iii) Internet browsing through the Straight Talk Mobile Web Service and (iv) Authorized Content Downloads from the Straight Talk Mobile Web Store. The Straight Talk Unlimited Plans MAY NOT be used for any other purpose. Examples of prohibited uses include, without limitation, the following: (i) continuous mobile to mobile or mobile to landline voice calls; (ii) automated text or picture messaging to another mobile device or e-mail address; (iii) uploading, downloading or streaming of audio or video programming or games; (iv) server devices or host computer applications, including, but not limited to, Web camera posts or broadcasts, automatic data feeds, automated machine-to-machine connections or peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing; or (v) as a substitute or backup for private lines or dedicated data connections.

And I've seen plenty of reports of people having their service summarily disconnected for doing audio or video streaming. I've also seen many reports of people getting cut off after doing more than a hundred MB or so in a day, or after doing more than a few GB in a month. Not even close to an "unlimited" plan as advertised.
Read what I posted in the other comment in the thread. There's much more to it than just printing.
That's definitely the case for me when saying something a bit uncomfortable for the both of us. I think to myself "is it worth it? Do I care enough about this person to say something somewhat critical?"

As a result I only say such things to friends I respect and care enough about that I'm willing to take the risk of even straining a relationship.
Microsoft has been pointing this out for a while as a marketing campaign for Bing, whose shopping results are uncompensated: http://www.scroogled.com/

Large but (mostly unjustly) hated company points out major flaw in competitor's product: everyone ignores it.
Cool, hip blogger points out the exact same thing a month later: front page.

sigh
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Write all of your ideas down... something simple. No need for a lengthy description, you'll know what you're referring to. Something like this:

- Traffic app
- Weather app
- Better twitter app
- foursquare for dogs

If you've got them written down, one of them will eventually scream your name begging to be worked on. As for actually doing it... well... your experience with procrastination is not unique. We've all been there. Self-motivation is one of the most difficult things to achieve when you're so used to bouncing all over the place. Just sit down one night with a 6 pack and start. Don't wait too long after your idea otherwise the inspiration will wear off.
Step 3: Google requires payment from German publishers to be included in the search index, exactly offsetting fees incurred in Step 1. It would be quite reasonable, I think.
Ask HN: Google Apps email account being used for fraud
I have set up a business email account with Google Apps. I have had this account for a few years. Over that time I have received automated order confirmations from Grainger.com. The confirmations are for a business that doesn't seem to exist, the owner of the non-existent business shares my last name, and is not my relative. I have reported this likely fraud to Grainger, but it continues.

What can I do to make this stop? I don't want my domain to become linked with some fraudulent activity, and get booted from Google Apps.

Does anyone have any interest to help me get to the bottom of this conundrum?

Thanks in advance.
No it's not a centrifuge, CO2 is a product every air liquifaction plant. Air Liquifaction plants mostly produce oxygen and nitrogen by compressing air, cooling it, letting it expand, compressing it... CO2 liquifies at a higher tempature than oxygen and nitrogen so CO2 is a product of all plants and it is very cheap due to a lot of supply. Price is under $1 a pound $0.30 if you're buying railcars.
Agreed, and what's annoying is that there isn't any middle ground in pricing. the XXX/customer/year model doesn't scale for people who don't make, well money.

The family / soccer club / non profit isn't going to spend $250 for five email addresses. I am sure there are other providers that offer similar services for much cheaper - and if not there is a big opportunity.
Sure there's an upside. There's no upside if you want google apps for free, but legions of free users make products harder to develop. It's likely that paying customers will be seeing faster development and better service.
In my experience, they've been caused by misconfigured listservs.
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Thanks kindly! We're just getting started, so any feedback you might have would be tremendously appreciated.
>Judging from this and previous threads people here are either distrusting of free services or aren't willing to pay for the goods (not everyone obviously) which is quite the paradox.

There is no paradox. Some people are distrusting of free services, others are unwilling to pay. HN isn't one person's opinion, there are many diverse opinions represented in this community.
Oh come on... can we just have the gmail piece for free? If you want limit it to 5 addresses so that only really poor hackers use free account and they become your paying customers as soon as they find some traction.
Sorry but your post reeks of being too "inside baseball". You discount a bill because it is not passable rather than being ideologically aligned with a large portion of the public. And then bring money and stakeholders into the situation. Of course those stakeholders who are currently getting rich off of the current laws aren't going to like it. And of course it's not passable. But that is not the point. Taking power from those who have it and instituting a "takeback" are not easy. That doesn't mean we shouldn't try. Don't keep people from shooting for the moon b/c it's not practical.
What can I say. I could not do it.

Edit holy shit getting the hang of it.
Google News doesn't even have ads though, so that can only be referring to search and apps and the like. I mean it seems like they could just as well be arguing "billboards are destroying journalism" because the money companies spend on billboards (or direct mail, or telemarketing, etc.) are marketing dollars that could instead have gone to supporting newspapers if those alternatives didn't exist.
Google+ has a very low engagement, even looking at Neilsen's 2012 data. I stopped using it a long ago, with the exception of the alerts I get on gmail which is probably the number google is using.
I feel they should have stayed exclusive far longer, but that opportunity is long gone now.