skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> It's a shame that tagged architectures have largely died out.

Judging by benchmarks, it's a good thing they did. Byte-addressed but word-aligned pointers plus pipelining and superscalar processors (branch prediction probably helps too) give you almost the same performance as explicit instructions for tag support. The amount of flexibility and the simplification in the instruction set you get from it is well worth it IMO. SPARC had such instructions, and on benchmarks (see http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~urs/oocsb/papers/oo-hardware.html and http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ram/pub/arch.ps) the difference in speed between using them and not was less than 5%.

On a 64-bit machine, you have 30 different tags available (5 tag bits, since the smallest thing you'd want to point at is going to be two 64-bit words big, and two of the 5-bit patterns reserved for positive and negative fixnums, for 60-bit immediate integers).

The problem is a lot of algorithms (especially crypto) are designed around 32 or 64 bit words, which typically means you have to make contortions and declarations to have your compiler operate on immediate representations. Typically, the compiler will set aside some registers on the CPU for dealing with these immediate values, so the garbage collector doesn't get confused. On x86 this might mean you don't have enough registers to run the algorithm efficiently, even if the compiler knows exactly what needs to be unboxed.

Another problem is floating point values. On 64-bit systems there's a technique called NaN-boxing that can do something about this (http://wingolog.org/archives/2011/05/18/value-representation...), but I don't yet understand how it works.

I do agree on one thing - slapping an extra byte onto word size would be awesome, as long as that extra byte is general purpose. Other things besides tagging that you could do with it would be error-correcting codes (the Symbolics Ivory actually had ECC for every word), and all kinds of metadata. Maybe it would even make sense to keep this extra byte out of the memory bus and just have it on registers; that's where most of the trouble with tagged values on modern machines seems to come from. This would make sense for load/store instruction sets.
What the hell is a "defensive" "cyberweapon"? Are we going to shoot down an incoming SSH session? Poison a compromised SSL session? Like screaming aircraft in space, these people have no idea what cyber warfare looks like.

How do they expect to defend against it?
The torrent sites have it right because you are getting content that should be paid for for free, no wonder why they are popular.
We're testing this now with our IgnitionDeck product. I'm not here to self-promote, but wanted to say that I do believe your assertion to be correct, at least in part.

I think eventually, people will raise money on as many sites as they can, similar to offering multiple payment methods.
I think you may have been better off not making the third analogy... Because now I want to ask: So republishing copyrighted material and posting a scathing review are in the same 'illegal' class?
As an insider, I'd be interested in talking to you more about that. Check my profile for contact info.
Thank you so much for the very detailed reply, that person is not me, but a very good friend, and this question was to encourage him to continue his learning. based on these answers, I have a lot of strong arguments to convince him to continue the amazing adventure he took into becoming a web developer.

as a web developer myself, I am going to visit each and every one of those links.

this is one of the best comments I've seen here, I just love HN. thank you!
You don't get paid for the value you produce, you get paid for the value you can withhold. The DRM capabilities of Flash, Silverlight, iOS, etc. are the only reason that Hulu and Netflix stay in business; torrents are fantastic, but in a free-info model, there's nothing to withhold and no way to get paid. Embedded commercials would get immediately edited out, and product placement only goes so far.

I don't like the situation either, but without a new business model (or a new economic system), we're stuck with what we have. (Most) video content is insanely expensive to produce, and physical disc sales continue to decline.
At their plan prices... I'm highly doubtful.
Alex Payne - Alone Together Again (The Magazine stub)
Short answer: Can you find a job with just these skills? Yes.

But think a bit about the bigger picture here - do you want to make a career out of this? And if so, where do you want to go with it? HTML/CSS is a good place to start because it represents the fundamental visual building blocks of web apps. It's also in a bit of the middle ground - all the way at the front of the "web stack" code-wise, and also very closely related to design.

no_more_death suggests that you bone up on design and gradually learn to code. If you want to eventually work on your own, as a freelancer or co-founder, this is good advice. If you're looking to make a career at larger companies, or want to focus more on short-term job prospects, I'd suggest you pick one of the two - buckle down on learning either design or code.

What compels you about HTML/CSS? Is it the logic of boiling down visual concepts into their fundamental parts? If so, start playing with Javascript (with a jQuery cushion) to see how you can manipulate these parts in all sorts of ways, and go down the code rabbit hole. If you're more into the visual side of it, the creativity of being able to come up with any design you like and turn it into a website, start messing around in Photoshop and checking out some design resources online (see no_more_death's extensive list).

In any case, good luck, and let me know if you have any more questions. Yes, you can probably get by in life knowing only HTML & CSS and never starve. But I hope you branch out a bit and check out some of the bigger picture, because it's really quite cool :)
So are the articles going to appear here after their 'The Magazine' exclusivity runs out?
I'd use honeypots. Or maybe write viruses designed to infect and nullify IRC sessions. Or write viruses which install software updates and patches.

Wait, no. I'd call tptacek.
I think we can safely assume that these bureaucrats know nothing at all about Cyber-anything. I don't think we even need to ask where this statement ultimately leads. It leads to a total loss of internet anonymity. It may take a generation for that to be a given, but that's clearly the goal. That goal provides about as much value to the nation as the "war on terror." The end of the cold war sure left quite a vacuum. It took about a decade to find something to take its place.
I agree - I believe that hardware products that are accepted to Kickstarter should still leverage its inherent momentum. Based on reports from project creators, I have heard anywhere from 30-50% of traffic comes sources internal to Kickstarter.
The major difference is ad load. Watch a 1-hour show on Hulu, and you'll see that the content is typically ~42 minutes long. Which means that on-air, it's 18 minutes of ads that fill the balance. But online is showing way less ads than 18 minutes. Even with 4-5 ad breaks, you're watching, at most 2 30-second ads per break. In online streaming, revenue per ad (CPM) is competitive with TV, but revenue per viewer is much lower.

Also, targeted advertising isn't a panacea. I agree it can be better, but if you're a big brand spender like McDonald's, Nike or Target, you're targeting just about everyone. Gender, age, income, and interests matter a whole lot less.
What the torrent sites are getting right isn't the price, it's the UX. I actually pay $20/month for a seedbox, but that's worth it to me because the UX with torrents is far superior to Netflix, Hulu, or anything else out there.
I’ve booked family cruise vacations each of the last 5 years. Each year I’ve done all the research online including deciding on point of departure, cruise line and the specific ship on sites such as expedia, vacations to go, and the individual cruise line websites. Despite this online research, I still book with a travel agent because they seem able to match or beat online prices, book multiple rooms near each other, and sometimes obtain larger room credits. If it were possible to accomplish all of the above without an agent at a lower cost I would do so.
The flask mega tutorial
How do they expect to defend against it?

I'd start with good design and engineering with due diligence, multiple redundancy, identification and delinking of potential failure points and well trained and equipped emergency response teams.

But they'll probably just hire lots of goons and get them to sit on facebook and stalk the insane.
> The DRM capabilities of Flash, Silverlight, iOS, etc. are the only reason that Hulu and Netflix stay in business; torrents are fantastic, but in a free-info model, there's nothing to withhold and no way to get paid. Embedded commercials would get immediately edited out, and product placement only goes so far.

How is this any different from the situation right now with DVDs and Blu-rays? You can copy videos very easily. And what about torrents? If people wanted to download and copy files, they could do that with torrents. But instead, the people who actually bother to pay for the movies and TV shows are punished.

And this same argument could be applied to music stores, but Amazon and iTunes operate without DRM, and there are no issues there. A lot of pro-DRM people said the iTunes store would collapse without DRM, but things seem to be working just fine for them. We've been through this exact same argument half a decade ago with music. The only reason it's being repeated is being the old farts in charge of the media companies are too shortsighted to see what will benefit their companies in the long term.
Splashscreen, and requires user input before booting. That's going to work really well in a datacenter environment...
Well then take those systems off the internet. Problem 100% solved.

Why the heck are they on the internet in the first place?
Mobile Experience Design Strategy with Luke Wroblewski
Its not really clear though, based on what you are writing, if you are saying the should be the same or they should be worth the same.

TV is very powerful for ads that require or leverage immersive, experiential pre-visualization. These are expensive to produce, so not fit for micro-targeting. they are also large data-payloads, so not fit for distrubution in N-bundles.[1]

At some stage, in the Steve Jobs world (no pun intended), the mediums will converge, technologically. And then things will change, a bit. But the above forces are somewhat fundamental, and just need to be considered (at least).

Its generally not the TV people, they are more caught up on exclusivity around content. Its the advertisers, who sense the ability to communicate online is (has not been) up to the standards they need for the black arts in which they are well versed.

Other people can probably add more to this, but this is at least a roadmap for analysis.

______

[1] Questions also remain outstanding on the environment of online: is it too distracting/evasive, will it just be skipped, etc. But this is a grey area, moreso than the others. For example, humour or design applied to add interest might be a strategy (if it were economical to run online-spefic ads, which is generally is not yet for TV-replays). The other evidence (as noted in another comment) is the reduced payload. Hulu would be putting more on if they could, but we can infer they don't think its a good idea. Most likely, the internet consumer is not willing to tolerate the additional adds before leaving or being so distracted, the existing ones lose their value. Etc.
Not that it makes up the whole difference, but Hulu shows about twice as many ads as you're saying. The typical hour-long show has 4-6 ad slots (including beginning and end), and they average 60-120 seconds (with a rare ad group over 2 minutes), not 30-60.

http://i.imgur.com/ZnB3Q.png

There are fewer ads on shorter shows, and even fewer on clips, but it's still not what it as sparse as when Hulu first came out.
Hulu does target users already based on a lot of demographic information they have. This can be based on info found in your user profile (gender, age, zip code, etc). Additionally Hulu builds profiles based on past viewing history and is able to fit a viewer to a demographic with remarkable accuracy.

Ads on Hulu are and have been more effective for advertisers than its television counterpart (http://socialtimes.com/hulu-ads-are-twice-as-effective-as-te...). The issue for Hulu is that because there are less of them in every stream there is less to go around. This especially bothers the content providers.
Most will tell you they test. Few do.
To be fair, it's not intended for a datacentre environment - you'd either reconfigure your keys or use a fully signed distribution.
But they have unlimited freedom on the UX because they don't have to worry about protecting their content. It's a much easier environment to work with.
> simple algorithmic pricing structure

I'm completely on board with everything you're saying, but algorithmic pricing is non-trivial; were it to be achieved, it would fundamentally rewrite the rules of economics as we know it.

Prices aren't decided by value or fairness, but by negotiating leverage. If Mad Men knows they're in high demand, they ask a high price or walk; if Netflix knows that a horror B-movie is in low demand, they offer a low price or walk.

Getting content owners to cede their negotiating power in either case to a universal formula will be nigh-impossible without fundamentally rewriting IP law (which for the record, I am enthusiastically in favor of).
As well as the risk of dependence on a single revenue stream subject to being shut off by automated algorithms flagging your site based on UGC from teenagers.
You are setting currNode and prevNode in the wrong order in your loop incrementer. Also, the variable name "prevNode" is misleading because it is not the previous node, it's the link from the previous node to the current node. Let's change it to "prevLink".

For the first iteration through your loop,

prevLink = &list_head
currNode = list_head

Second,

prevLink = list_head->next
currNode = list_head /* (again) */

Third,

prevLink = list_head->next->next
currNode = list_head->next

In other words, from the second iteration on, prevLink is actually nextLink, that is, currNode->next.

Here's my take:

typedef struct node {
/* ...some fields... */
struct node *next;
} Node;

void foobar(Node *node_list)
{
Node **prev_link;
Node *current_node;
Node *list_head = node_list;

for (current_node = list_head, prev_link = &list_head;
current_node != NULL;
prev_link = &(current_node->next), current_node = *prev_link)
{
/* ...do something... */
if (must_remove(current_node)) {
*prev_link = current_node->next;
free(current_node);
}
}
}

This code compiles with no warnings, so it must be perfect. :)

The beauty of it is that by doing it this way, you don't need to special-case the list head at all. You could do something like foobar(&(actual_list_head->next)) and have foobar() run on every element except the first one, and it would just work.
You could, but then you'd have 'comments' that change the semantics of the program, which is exactly what comments are not supposed to do. The point of adding annotations in comments is that environments that don't understand the annotations will ignore them, because they're in comments. It's therefore only a not-horrible idea to add features via comments in situations where the new features actually don't change semantics, such that the program will still produce the same result when run in an environment that doesn't understand the extras.
Nice read. Didn't know that this style was documented by bwk.
Pattern Stream
At the kind of scales that OP is operating at, you are almost certainly going to need a system administration person with either option.
Portable Symmetric Key Container (PSKC) Library
Do you account for the differences between living/business costs where most elance developers live vs. where most consulting companies operate?
What doesn't slide is that supercomputers cost more.

Here's a simple test.

Suppose that I give you these two measurements:

SPECmark: 1.2 million.

SPECmark: 3 million.

Which one is the supercomputer? Without knowing the date, there's simply no way for you to tell.

Suppose instead I write:

System cost: $20 million 1990 dollars

System cost: $400 1990 dollars

Which one is the supercomputer? I think most people will be able to pick which one is which.
Mars rock touched by Curiosity has surprises
A modest proposal: actually register and actually vote in elections
Douglas Crockford, for JavaScript: The Good Parts
Shoot me an email, my contact info is in my profile. I'm in the market for a freelancer, and I'm always happy to talk to someone from HN.

As a more general response to the question, I find that freelance developers I've worked with who don't have portfolios they can show typically have some code examples that they'll give instead. So that's one possible starting point for you.
Oh yes, you're right -- I was assuming you were grouping cycle collection under garbage collection. In any case, the cycle collector is task-local, not global.
Modern witch doctor has things he wants.
Amazon RDS for MySQL Now Supports Read Replica Promotion
The way the app works, it auto tags 2-3 people that are in the collage poster that was generated. I believe most of the traffic is generated that way.
The German Privacy Foundation has been offering DNS-over-SSL and DNS-over-HTTPS for quite a long time.

OpenBSD accepts a "tcp" option in the /etc/resolv.conf file in order to force connections to use TCP so that they can easily be tunneled over SSH.

The popular Unbound caching resolver can communicate over SSL to an upstream resolver, and there is even a nice GUI: dnssec-trigger. NLNet provides a public resolver that of course supports this protocol.

dnscurve is a protocol for authenticating and encrypting data between an authoritative server and a resolver.

dnscrypt is a different protocol (although partly based on the same crypto primitives as dnscurve) for authenticating and encrypting data between a resolver and a client.

OpenDNS implemented dnscurve in 2010, and dnscrypt in 2011.

All these protocols have issues in the real world, due to routers and firewalls intercepting DNS traffic, and dropping encrypted queries. Some broken devices and resolvers are even breaking DNSSEC (stripping records), but this is far less common.

A workaround is to use a different port and protocol, typically TCP port 443. Or to use encapsulation in TXT records, which has different issues.

dnscrypt's successor, called dnssig, is also being worked on in order to always offer authentication, and optional encryption.
I absolutely loved Flask... then I met Node.js.

Python is great, don't get me wrong (7 years, 5 of which as a paid Python/C++ developer) but production tasks are better served by faster/more resource efficient frameworks. The biggest mistake I made was getting too attached to a single language. Now I use Node, Go, Lua... I used to argue that Python was what everyone should learn with, but I'm not sure that is true anymore.
Sarel & Ansa {Cederberg}
Stupid India-nigger.

I wrote every 135,000 lines including a compiler. Nothing but my own code will run. My business is tools. Fucken retard.

You know how Commodore did not use ASCII? I don't use ASCII. All my tools must process my own file formats for text files and stuff. Grep must process my text file format.

Try feeding a PDF to GCC.

Imagine your command-line teminal window looking like a PDF with international sybols and stuff.

You are narrow-minded planet of the Apes monkeys who suffer from group think brainwashing and mental blocks preventing you from enlightemnet... who need to think like your ancient forefathers (Richie) if you hope to make progress.
Armin is da bomb.
Actually, companies that want a product banned might want to go to her because she will likely hand out an injunction than other judges.
This comes up all the time, and it's still extremely risky advice. Even if you're right, a margin call on your short position could bankrupt you before you win. You're gambling you know just how irrational the market is being.
Hollister UK
Hollister Outlet Clothing is becoming more and more popular among young persons. All Hollister Sale from Hollister UK online store are affordable while the qualities are guaranteed.
Yes. Google has nice animation =)

https://www.google.com/search?q=Conways+Game+of+Life&sug...
unfortunately i think 100% is quite an overstatement. (given that we're talking about people dying, and all).
Intel Ultrabook hardware prototype - Windows 8 and the Sensor Platform
Mindstorms? I did a quick google and there are assorted books with that title (after you filer out "lego"). None seemed to be relevant to this discussion.

Who wrote it? What year?
How to have access to a shell without ssh or telnet using jQuery terminal
I may be missing something, but it seems to me that's still vulnerable to interception. The policy document can limit the kinds of things that can be uploaded, but an attacker could still intercept that form on the way to or from the user and replace the intended user's data with anything else that happened to fit the policy.

I suppose that's solved by serving the form over https. Perhaps that's just what I was missing.
relevant > http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/local/highest-i...
And, these nuclear weapon chemistry lab trains could derail ONTO CHILDREN. Won't somebody please think of the children?

(And BTW, trains derail even without evil cyber hacker criminals. First YouTube result: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCbOUgr_r-E)
I didn't mean to imply that DRM-free video stores can't work; I meant that (a) torrents themselves are nigh-impossible to monetize, and (b) suits at Big Content will never feel comfortable with opening up their precious data, even though you and I know that the raw data exists already.

Though millions are sometimes spent to market music, that's peanuts compared to the costs of producing movies and television, and that money won't get spent without some confidence that it can be recouped. It's one thing for Louis CK to gamble $0.2M on a DRM-free standup special, and another for Disney to gamble $220M on a DRM-free Avengers.

> How is this any different from the situation right now with DVDs and Blu-rays? You can copy videos very easily.

Nerds can, but DVD ripping is still much less friendly to regular people compared to MP3 swapping, and requires much more work to play back compared to iPods and CD burning. If the industry ever got behind open standards, eventually many more people would pirate movies instead of just college kids. Borrowing a DVD from a friend would be no different than taking it permanently, resulting in fewer total sales.

Don't get me wrong: DRM is a plague. Hell, I'd even support a tax that made all content part of a universal digital library, with funds distributed proportionally to usage. But without somehow creating a new economic system for digital content, every "rational actor" is going to do whatever they can to maintain maximum leverage. The only reason the RIAA caved was that the damage was already done, and they had lost most of their leverage already. (Also, it was something of a ploy to give Amazon an advantage over iTunes, which was enjoying a brief hegemony over paid music downloads; user freedom was a happy side effect.)
As if the networks' current protection schemes are doing them any good...
Indeed, you're not the only one confused by this flow, which is why there's an open bug for it: https://github.com/mozilla/browserid/issues/1232
> Aren't any other good options for printing a single PCB

Bay Area Circuits, free layout tools & plenty of short run cheap boards starting at $30 (!) and up:
http://bayareacircuits.com
That or the fact that you can download 200$/month worth of paid tv content for $20?
US Military Prepares New Rules for Cyber War
'Fixer-developers' needed for web apps