skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Actually, functional programming is very straight forward on a low level.
When you define a function, foo, the machine code for that function is at a specific memory location. When the source code says foo(*args), the machine pushes local variables, its current location in the code, and the args to the stack.
It then jumps to the memory location stored in foo
Once there, the code pops the arguments, does stuff, pushes the return value, and jumps back to where it was called from.
Once there, the return values and local variables get pop'ed, and execution continues.
Different compilers might use different conventions, but for our purposes this is a good enough model.

The way a normal function call would look in assembly might be:

mov %eax <returnPoint> ;at assembly time, <returnPoint> is replaced with the memory address of the operation labled returnPoint:

push %eax ;save the return point to the stack

push %ebx ;push local variables and the arguments

...

jmp <foo> ;jump to the memory location labled foo

returnPoint: pop ebx ;pop local variables and return values,

pop ecx

...

The thing to note in this example is that when you run the assembler, <foo> gets replaced with the memory location of the function code. If we want to a functional type thing, we need the address we jump to be able to change at runtime, so instead of having the assembler hard code the memory location to jump to, we need to get that information from a variable. This would look like

...

jmp [foo]

...

This time, foo is not pointing to a function, but rather to the memory location of a function pointer. This means that if we want to make it so when we call foo(), we run the bar() function, we would simply need to do:

mov foo <bar>

foo is the memory location of the function pointer, and <bar> is the memory location of the function itself, so now when we dereference foo in the jmp, we will execute bar().

With regard to the ARM architecture, I've done a little bit of work in it, and it isn't more complex than x86.
The problem with SOAP + WDSL was just that it was overly complex and, in my experience, never worked cross-platform & cross-language. And since it was so complex it was "¤%& impossible to debug at lower levels. Argh! I hate soap with such a vengeance it's actually embarrassing.
It is only "broken" if you assume incorrectly that the goal of science is to Discover Truth. Moreover it is broken in a more direct way: there exist certain models which are mathematically equivalent but which describe contradictory states of being. A reasonably good example of this is heliocentrism vs. geocentrism: classical mechanics allows you to say "the Earth is at the center of the Solar System, there are gravitational, Coriolis and centrifugal forces around it affecting all of the stuff in space", but it also allows you to say "The Sun-Jupiter barycentre is at the center of the Solar System, and the only force we need is gravity." There is no experiment which can distinguish between those two; they are mathematically equivalent.

(A slightly better example comes from quantum mechanics. In the "Schrodinger picture" there is a "wavefunction of the universe" which changes from moment to moment, while the definitions of space and momentum stay the same. In the "Heisenberg picture" the wavefunction stays the same while the definitions of space and momentum change. You would think there would be an ontological difference to the question, "is the state of the universe different from the state of the big bang?" but, in fact, on this description there is no observable difference, and science could never settle the question.)

This does not reduce science to a religion; science simply studies the observable differences and must be content with not knowing everything -- which most scientists are already content with, since they have to deal with matters of uncertainty and the distinctions between correlations and causations.

Dark Matter does interact with other things, but it does so indirectly, because it has mass and therefore warps spacetime. This is not actually the first use of gravitational lensing to observe dark matter; in fact, earlier it had been used to settle the question of whether dark matter felt any electromagnetic force at all, by looking at galaxy collisions. The prediction would be that the dark matter clouds of two galaxies would more or less "go through each other" in a collision while the luminous stuff would "bump into each other". This was observed as early as 6 years ago, see http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2006/1e0657/ .

We certainly can show you, and we can explain to you what it is. The only problem is the same problem that neutrinos have: it's just very hard to detect these particles because they don't have an electric charge and therefore don't care about the electrons which make all the rest of chemistry happen. Our best tool for understanding dark matter is still gravity; its a force which we know the dark matter feels.
Most popular open-source frameworks
Telcos will suffer over "subscription myopia". WebRTC & WiFi don't need subs
Old newspaper in the boots works for me. You take two or more sheets and wrap your feet in it.
Lack of SMS shouldn't be a problem. You can use two factor authentication with the app version.It's on that same page.
The Exodus of Tech from Portugal
I think we were talking about applications when we say "locked down"...
paleo diet

100 pushup plan

reading The 4-Hour Workweek
It looks like you get your own Pinterest-like board aggregating your social accounts? Interesting idea, I like the layout.

When you are ready to launch it would be nice to have a public demo account, linked from the front page, that shows an example of a populated board. The screenshot gives you an idea of the layout, but a full demo would encourage more signups I think.

Are you sure about that URL? Using a TLD and path component pretty much guarantees no-one will remember your URL. connectsocial.me perhaps?
Neil Armstrong, first man on the moon, dies at 82
The life expectancy of 80 means that out of 100 people born 50 will die before they're 80 years old and 50 will die after their 80th birthday.

But: zero of these 100 people live more than 103 years (if we started with 1000 only 3 would live to be 103 years old):

http://www.ssa.gov/oact/STATS/table4c6.html

That means that everybody who is already living now will die in the next 103 years.

If at the moment 7 billion people live on earth practically all will die in the next 103 years. That their individual life expectancy is 80 years doesn't change the fact that practically nobody (that is, to the error of 0.5%) survives his 103rd year.

I started with the US data. If we'd adjust it for the world, we'd see that even for life expectancy of 67 less than for example 10% of those living now will survive their 80th birthday or something like that. So the rougher approximation is that you have to increase the "67 years" some years more but anyway in 100 years practically everybody living now is dead. Yes he was not technically right with using the life expectancy of a single person to give the exact year, but the "cutoff" year is still not much farther away. And how old are people now actually matters to know how many will die in which period.
"We are as gods and might as well get good at it. So far, remotely done power and glory—as via government, big business, formal education, church—has succeeded to the point where gross defects obscure actual gains. In response to this dilemma and to these gains a realm of intimate, personal power is developing—power of the individual to conduct his own education, find his own inspiration, shape his own environment, and share his adventure with whoever is interested. Tools that aid this process are sought and promoted by the WHOLE EARTH CATALOG."

The Whole Earth Catalog changed a huge number of lives, mine included.
media if just fine, it's people that are utterly and painfully stupid.
A great book on all of this stuff, if anyone is interested:
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Self-Organization-Biological-Systems...
See my reply here: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4437792 Lead is terrible for cosmic rays, instead you want water.
Is radiation hardening really that important when you're still this side of the Van Allen belt? My understanding is that it's not, but IANARS.
Good point, came here to say the same.
I don't think it's an entailment of schizophrenia that the sufferer is unaware that their beliefs are delusional. Even with that awareness, a schizophrenic idea can be very compelling. Even people who don't suffer from schizophrenia can get irrational ideas that interfere with their life despite decent self-awareness about these ideas.

While schizophrenia can have many very strong symptoms and is obviously not 'psychogenic' (e.g. in a Freudian sense), schizophrenics can and do learn skills to help them feel better and pass better and intelligence is an asset there.

I will agree that autism seems MUCH vaguer than schizophrenia as a diagnostic category, but that is also true of most other psychological disorders...
> ... there exist certain models which are mathematically equivalent but which describe contradictory states of being. A reasonably good example of this is heliocentrism vs. geocentrism: classical mechanics allows you to say "the Earth is at the center of the Solar System, there are gravitational, Coriolis and centrifugal forces around it affecting all of the stuff in space", but it also allows you to say "The Sun-Jupiter barycentre is at the center of the Solar System, and the only force we need is gravity." There is no experiment which can distinguish between those two; they are mathematically equivalent.

How do heliocentrism and geocentrism represent "contradictory states of being"? They are trivially related to one another, and are mathematically equivalent as you point out. They represent a simple example of geometric relativity.

Consider a gravitational slingshot maneuver, a way to harvest some of a planet's orbital momentum to accelerate a passing spacecraft. If you make the planet the frame of reference, or the sun, or the spacecraft, the math and physics come out the same. No "contradictory states of being".

> A slightly better example comes from quantum mechanics. In the "Schrodinger picture" there is a "wavefunction of the universe" which changes from moment to moment, while the definitions of space and momentum stay the same. In the "Heisenberg picture" the wavefunction stays the same while the definitions of space and momentum change.

No,. this isn't really a "better example" -- Dirac demonstrated the mathematical equivalence of Schrodinger's wave mechanics and Heisenberg's matrix mechanics. Again, the difference is only apparent and superficial.
Leave better comments, then flag with abandon.
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The Mad Science Behind KinectFusion
This is very interesting - I have been planning on implementing this in exactly the "wrong" way the article describes:

Even if I was interested, sending a notification to me when they have
joined is a pointless milestone. All you are telling me is that if I click,
I get to see an empty profile.

So, are there any actions that make sense for the "FB friend joined" milestone? Prompting the user to message their friend in welcome seems artificial and annoying.
Works like a charm !!
He would barely qualify for a state directional school with those grades at that time. Had he not been the son of Joe Kennedy, his school counselors almost certainly would have tried to steer him towards manual labor.
Here's a scenario:

I'm in a dodgy internet cafe with a key logger somewhere in Thailand.

I need to book a flight and the airline insists on my "Verified By Visa" credentials.

Who do you think my bank blames (even though they state that they won't) when somebody goes on a shopping spree with not only my CC # and my security code, but also my VbV password?

As another poster mentioned: It's offloading the risk to the card holder.

Something like a token, or two factor authentication would be a lot better.
Normal would be what allowed you to get by smoothly in life, typical misfortunes notwithstanding.
I keep typing "www.hackernews.com"
Since I visit this site like 5 times a day, that's a lot of wasteful typing. I know I am not alone.
What solution did you find for this problem?
That Wikipedia article mentions that "According to author Adam Gollner, some fruitarians eat only fallen fruit."
> Care to show me, for example, a single nutrition study where "skin color of participant" was a variable controlled for?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19656435 .

> I'm taking this ad absurdum in an attempt to show you that if you apply this standard rigorously (as one should), then no result really holds up.

Then you should be willing to do what happens when a reductio ad absurdum fails: give up and admit you are wrong.

> And by the way, "obesity is clearly related to nutrition" is only true in the sense that "everything is related to nutrition".

Uh, no. Obesity is a nutritional disorder, as distinct from other things like having cats, which are neither caused nor hampered by good nutrition. What the hell are you smoking?

> He has much more evidence for than you'd expect from this short posting, if you care to look at it. This conclusion is indeed supported by data, and is scientifically valid.

I searched his website and all I could find was one particular crappy-looking graph with a bunch of discussion about his responses to vague questions, and an ad-hoc explanation (a competing omega-3 deficiency) when the data did not fit his expected pattern.
I type "n" and Enter. Chrome does the rest.
Say what you will about Windows (and I will even join you), but Microsoft can put out some alarmingly competent docs. I say "can" and not "always do", because where they are lacking, I agree it can be frustrating. That said, in one such scenario the solution for me was to get in touch with a PM at MS and say:

"You designed [system #42]. I'm trying to accomplish [nifty goal] that is an obvious extension of what you suggest that [system #42] should be used for. You said some examples are included with the most recent Windows SDK. After downloading it, I found no such example and the problem seems a little intractable. What gives?"

The response contained an attachment of the overlooked/unincluded examples, and some clarifications about the system I was working with and even explained that some of what I was doing was explicitly NOT possible, for very good reasons (for the record, an earlier version of Windows Search).

I say this as a desktop Linux user, where at times my only recourse for "Why won't [application x] properly fullscreen?" is to go and do just what you suggest: an easter egg hunt on google. Furthermore, the end-all-be-all solution is the same as it is with our Windows example: get in touch with someone at the project and ask for clarification. The difference lies in that with one case, it's someone's job to provide clarification for the system they designed. In the other case, the possibilities are too varied to speculate on (e.g. unmaintained project, antisocial developer).
Except it's not irrelevant, because the user doesn't care whether it's capacitive, infra-red, or little gnomes perched on top of the screen translating your finger movements into magic spells. Apple didn't invent capacitive screens, nor did they invent multitouch. They packaged them cleverly and used what leverage they had at the time to force the price down.
Stop the inclusion of proprietary licenses in Creative Commons 4.0
As soon as you cross the Van Allen belt you're exposed to the full blast of the solar wind, and standard electronics start failing. You can reach orbit without crossing this belt, so my understanding is that in low Earth orbit you're still shielded enough from the solar wind for it to not be a deal-breaker.

Assuming that you're referring to the stories about the Mars rover, Mars isn't geologically active enough to have its own equivalent of Earth's Van Allen belt, so the Martian surface is directly blasted by radiation originating from the solar wind. Any computer hardware going there will almost certainly need to be radiation hardened.

tl;dr: LEO != Mars
Wouldn't you still need to root the phone? The stack is definitely more open than on iOS though.
I knew this would be about Pinterest before even clicking.

Yes, the email notifications seem like they could be valuable but they tend to be about friends that don't mean too much too me. Great points made in this article.
We have short operating lifetimes and use orbits that minimise this problem.
To even be able to sign your application to run on OS X, you need to pay 99 dollars. And agree to Apple's terms.

You have to agree to pages of Apple's terms if you want to let anyone to run your thing on iOS.

"You only need a $99 membership, which is pretty affordable, compared to the past when it cost $500-$5,000 for such suites of software." - where do you get these numbers? You can put your software for free on sourceforge (AFAIK); also, Debian's software repositories work almost like App Store, but FOR FREE. If you are more commercial, you can use any of other solutions which do not cost "$50-$5,000", you just made that up.

YOU are the one doing distortion field, as I read your comments on Hacker News. Compare how simple is to download source codes and SDKs to Google Android, how simple is to hack the application and run it on your device, how simple is to put it on the market - and how convoluted is it with Apple. You actually can't download the source code to most of iOS.

Personal note: if commenters like you will be more frequent on Hacker News, I will stop reading the comments alltogether.
I worked on this project for a few months. We ran everything like a typical agile startup with weekly iterations and a lot of testing "MVPs". Really cool project. Also its all going to be opensourced! http://open.nasa.gov/plan/phonesat/
> All owners of that software have a restriction on your behaviour with that software, including free or open source software.

Quoting the GNU GPL (v2, since it's less legalese-esque):

> The act of running the Program is not restricted
What is it..... (X-Rated)
In addition to the other comments they also can launch multiple at the same time for redundancy.
In Denmark all government and financial interactions are accessed through a SSO (Digital Signatur) which is based on in browser Java applets.

A lot of government service interaction is being forced online, to reduce spending. So you are forced to at least have one Java capable browser available.
They are all put into orbits that decay to prevent this problem.
>It also bears repeating that what we call "severe autism" is really "some amount of autism comorbid with very low IQ".

Ah, that... actually explains a lot. I've worked with several people with Autism diagnoses, and yeah, they were nerdy... really nerdy and socially inept, but also smart, productive individuals able to lead independent lives; People I'd be happy to call friend. Yeah, I have to go out of my way to figure out how to effectively communicate with them, but it's worth it. If I had a kid that grew up to be like them, I'd be proud.

I hear people talking about autism like it's this terrible thing, and I don't really understand, Your kids could very easily turn out a lot worse than the Autistic people I know.

Of course, if any of these people were low-IQ, or really, anywhere near average, they'd have a difficult time indeed.
What exactly is Intel trying to achieve with these integrated GPUs? It seems that performance-wise they're quite far below discrete graphics cards, so I'd guess that they're not really meant for gaming.

Are they intended for everyday computing purposes that might require graphics acceleration, such as high end display managers?

I'd certainly love to see them enter the graphics card arena and compete with ATI/Nvidia by having phenomenal open source drivers. I'd vote for that with my wallet.
This is something i thought about Dark Matter:
I believe Dark Matter to be the resultant force(and/or field) generated due to the interaction of the forces(and/or fields) of individual moving objects(matter).

consider a magnet(refer here as object) - something which has the property to attract(gravity like) and repel(field like):
Now if you were to have 2 magnets(moving objects) come close enough such that they repel(or attract); but due to forces(and/or fields) of other moving objects in their vicinity(or far enough[1]); they get locked or entangled such that their movement(and other properties) is now dependent on the strongest forces or fields of nearby objects. Over time; these other objects also get entangled and tend to form clusters and keep moving(exhibiting other properties like radiation etc). But now their movement(and other properties) seem to be the resultant effect of forces (and/or fields) of all the objects now entangled - giving an illusion of some matter that exists - now known as Dark matter.

I have used magnets as just as an example - one could think of matter having both these properties to attract and repel - such that the area affected by them could vary depending on various properties of the objects(matter).

[1](far enough) - such that their observation is neglected; but these objects tend to have forces(and/or fields) that they affect a particular system under observation.
Sorry if I'm being too nitpicky here, but NASA isn't actually innovating on size, here. They're putting everything in the standard 10cm^3 cubesat envelope. And they can fit a whole lot more than 10 satellites in the mass+volume of a typical one. And they can basically stow away on a rocket whose primary mission is one of those larger satellites.

Edit: For innovation on size, check out KickSat
Open Textbook: Probabilistic and Statistical Modeling in Computer Science
We use a Roku with Netflix and currently have over 200 items in the queue, and some of the items are series with 100 episodes. Netflix doesn't have access to new Hollywood releases, but the Roku, through its Amazon link, does. Cable? We said goodbye to that years ago.
Applying the lean startup at the DoD
How To Optimize Firefox, Skype, Chrome or Thunderbird With Only One-Click
And you thought Apple was famous for their "product launches"
those are his high school grades, not his university grades.
It's more like 1900 euros before VAT, or 2375 usd.
I can't speak for Harvard in particular, but back in the '30s, grade inflation hadn't yet taken hold, so it was quite normal for there to be many students with Cs, rather than 90% As like today.

http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/14/the-history-of-...
In Switzerland, almost everybody uses debit cards, and you can't use debit cards (Maestro) online. You use credit cards for online payments, but that's about it.

With debit cards, you have to enter a 6-number pin to withdraw cash or pay with them.

I have a hard time seeing how debit cards are worse than credit cards.

There is skimming, but banks reverse fraudulent withdrawals. The protection is the same as with credit cards.

There is an upper monthly limit on your payments / withdrawals with debit cards. You can even lower that limit if you want to.

You can overdraw your account within a certain boundary and with this your debit card is also a poor man's credit card.
To be fair on 10, both OS X and Windows got that from earlier predecessors. And for 7, I'm pretty sure I remember System 7 and earlier having single Preferences folders, just like Windows 95's Control Panels. No idea which came first, but it's a pretty obvious idea once you strap a GUI on top of a config file. I'd be astonished if there wasn't a similar idea in every single GUI environment out there.
There's an icon in the address bar that you can click to enable all plugins on the page, even 1px ones.