skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
You can get out of a car on railroad tracks. However, “safely come to a complete stop” includes turns and freeways which are more serious concerns.

That’s why I said 30 seconds / 30 minutes not 3 seconds. The idea is to go to somewhere safe and pull off the road not just slam on the breaks and hope your not on a curve.
Love the idea. You're going to need to get traction though. Or are you? I guess the only problem is if you decide it's not growing enough and shut it down. Why not open source a version to encourage adoption by wary folk?
That’s how I read it. What do you mean then? It sounds like the only edition you may offer is the editorialized one, if applicable.

As someone who writes I greatly dislike this. These are my words, not yours.

A translation across time and generations is a completely different matter.
usually in most countries you can remove the citizenship if there was fraud in obtaining it (and maybe for some national security reasons), but I don't know the US laws (not that anyone respects them now...)
Even Dijkstra was clear that he was only referring to unbridled gotos.
What? I was responding to the specific claim that two independent sensors always make your failure rates go down. Not that any particular source of sensor data is strictly inferior.

I agree that optimizing for vehicle cost and shipping shoddy software at the expense of human lives is the wrong tradeoff, and having different sensors that provide more coverage of situations is generally preferable if you can afford it.

But suppose you have a radar sensor that's faulty, and so it periodically thinks that there's something right in front of it, and so it causes the car to slam on its brakes. That's likely going to cause an accident if you're traveling at highway speeds. Does that mean that we shouldn't use radar in any circumstances? Of course not. But sensors are not infallible, and we need to keep that in mind when designing these systems.
The answer to the problem of the US’s work as only mitigating, rather than solving is not abandonment: it is true leadership and collaboration.

Smallpox, the hole in the ozone layer, etc.

It is possible.

Shrinking away because you can’t fully solve it alone or others aren’t helping as much as you’d like?

Cowardice and/or avarice to a degree that is, in my humble opinion, indistinguishable from evil.
Being both the owner and operator, Waymo already has full liability. It's a good proposal, but I don't think it's sufficient if your secondary goal is "screw Elon".

Nor is it sufficient to ensure that self driving is significantly safer than human drivers. I don't think the public wants "slightly safer than humans".
Why use a pipe to communicate instead of shared memory?
From the article: While Elon Musk is best known for making statements on this, Karpathy was his go-to guy on backing up that reasoning.

I read that as Musk wanted this done and asked Karpathy to find a way.
The best explanation I’ve seen is that tariffs are a stick that can be used to enforce compliance with other policies, and selectively lifted when companies bend the knee.
Given the context he means the first.
Except the article is about an untrusted tool doing things like tool shadowing or otherwise manipulating it’s output to trick the LLM into executing unintended tool actions. Isolated environments don’t help here because by definition MCP is crossing those environments.
Hmm. If the diameter of the circle that the car drives in is 14 meters, that works out as ... 54657 mph. I cannot endorse this from a safety standpoint.

Wait, no, I was working in km instead of m, it's only 54 mph. Should be fine.
Over 90% of the trade deficit is attributable to China, the EU, Mexico, Vietnam, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and Canada. These are big, diversified economies. Nobody is focused on Cambodia.
"Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts." - Someone.

Statistical correlation between text and synthesis undoubtedly exists, but capturing correlation does not imply you've encapsulated meaning itself. My point is precisely that: meaning isn't confined entirely within what we can statistically measure, though it may still be illuminated by it.
Tsavo Man-Eaters
I made 88x31 buttons for my homepage[1] a few weeks ago. Phone users will have to rotate to landscape to see them.

[1]: https://webb.page/
Call for expansion of Royal Navy surveillance after Kremlin spy devices found
We do observe really weird gravitational effects. Dark matter, for instance. Under Newtonian and Einsteinian physics, galaxies shouldn't be able to form in the way we observe. The way galaxies and their contents move makes no sense with our present understanding of gravity-- unless we assume there's a lot more mass. So we invented dark matter as a sort of placeholder variable to make the math make sense.

More anomalies: simply being near a large gravitational field alters the flow of time. Frame dragging around black holes (spacetime itself twists into a rotating spiral). The final parsec problem (co-orbiting black holes bleeding energy as gravitational waves). And don't forget the gravitational singularity of a black hole.

But perhaps the most important thing to know is that we've only just gained the ability to examine gravitational waves. Once we build more detectors (especially LISA), we'll probably discover a lot more is wrong with our understanding of gravity.
The point of the article is that he accidentally updated his contact on his personal phone (from the campaign, when he was not a government official and did not have a government-issued phone) with the wrong number because he clicked on an iOS suggested contact update generated by receiving a text message. Then, he imported that contact into Signal and then added it to the group chat.

So there are three explanations:

1. Everything happened on his personal phone

2. He was logged into Signal on his personal phone to update the contact, and was also logged into the same Signal account on his government-issued phone. He imported the contact on his personal phone and then added it to the chat on his government-issued phone. From an infosec standpoint, this is not much better than #1 because he still has an unsecured device logged into the same Signal account that he's using for secure comms.

3. He was only logged into Signal on his government-issued phone and then manually copied the number into his government phone from his personal phone, not noticing that it was the wrong number. For anyone who has worked with users, this doesn't seem realistic. These guys have huge numbers of contacts, are very busy, and they do the most convenient thing possible for them. They do not sit around for hours copying information from one phone to another.

Let's assume that Waltz only used Signal from his government-issued phone and manually copied the number from his personal phone. He thought that the number he was copying was from Hughes' personal phone - it was in his personal contacts and he had been using it before either of them were in government. So even if Waltz himself was using a government-issued phone, which seems unlikely, he was simultaneously assuming that his subordinate was using a personal phone.

Even if you take the most generous interpretations you end up with the conclusion that NSC personnel were routinely using personal devices and accounts for secure comms.
Poorer countries and generally countries with worse governance have a real trouble controlling tuberculosis. Given how much of it is asymptomatic, you have to have a real screening program including X-rays in order to catch cases, and that is beyond the ability of most developing countries - which are precisely the countries where most of the population boom is taking place.

I don't believe that USAID can cover, say, the whole of Africa with preventative care. The US cannot cover even all of its own citizens, for a host of reasons, much less 1,5 billion people in exotic regions far from its borders.

Purge of USAID is likely to make the situation worse, but only marginally worse. The real problem is that at least third of humanity doesn't yet have any reasonable healthcare infrastructure, reliable grid (for medical machines to work), public safety (for doctors to survive), etc., etc., etc. If we had a functional recipe to solve such problems, they would likely be solved already.
I agree it's far from perfect. In addition to the existing "beta" label, I'll consider adding a disclaimer/warning to users that the system is still in beta and will suffer from inaccuracies in translation.

What am I doing to fix this long term?

I'm currently building an optimization mechanism to ensure the highest quality translations for any given language pair.

I really appreciate your detailed feedback. Do let me know if anything else comes to mind.
I guess it boils down to this.

Earlier in the thread people were saying removing lidar was bad becuase multiple sensors types is good, presuming the camera stay either way, and one is not replacing camera with radar. I agree with this. It's usually trivially easy to corner case defeat one sensor type, as your example shows, regardless of sensor type. They all have one weakness or another.

That's why things like military systems have many sensor types. They really don't want to miss the incoming object so they measure it many different ways. Defeating many different sensor types is just way harder and therefore more unlikely to occur naturally.

And yes, control systems can absolutely reliably combine the input of many sensors. This has been true for decades.

Frankly I surprised more of these systems don't take advantage of sound. It's crazy cheap and society has been adding sound alerts to driving for a long time (sirens, car horns, train horns, etc.)
I'm not going to quibble with you on this, because I think you're right, but I can think of a secondary use. A country with weak governance could use tariffs to raise money because it's easy to manage at the point of entry, rather than requiring more sophisticated systems such as income or property value reporting.

This could explain why, for instance, poor countries use tariffs on goods that have no chance of building a local industry.
My laptop boots to a text-mode getty prompt, I wonder what would happen...
Foundry (YC F24) Is Hiring
When working, one should primarily be on only one of those devices. I have observed government officials using both concurrently to escape some conversations being subpoenaed.
“I wanted a pure fictional speaker to argue against.”

Ok, thanks, that makes sense.
The corn laws were interesting. They were tarrifs on food imports, supported by the land owners.

> the repeal of the Corn Laws benefitted the bottom 90% of income earners in the United Kingdom economically, while causing income losses for the top 10% of income earners.

Obviously it’s not hard to see why the wealthiest like tarrifs.
See: How Tribalism Overrules Reason, and Makes Risky Times More Dangerous

https://bigthink.com/articles/how-tribalism-overrules-reason...
The sour irony is that "move fast and break things" was formulated in the low-stakes world of web entertainment software, which was able to become so prominent precisely because of the stability of having our more pressing needs being predictably taken care of (for the most part).
I thought my mom decided for reasons lost to me that I should have a computer, and bought one for me in 1982 or so, but according to her it was entirely my idea. No clue what prompted it. Perhaps reading science fiction.

Precisely zero influences on this from family.
https://www.focusmate.com/

I used this during the early pandemic and found it very useful
Oliver Deiser, Einführung in die Mengenlehre
That's from 2003.

In a more recent interview in March 2025:

> Asked about how tariffs will affect the economy, Buffett stated, "Tariffs are actually, we've had a lot of experience with them. They're an act of war, to some degree."

> I asked, "How do you think tariffs will impact inflation?"

> "Over time, they are a tax on goods. I mean, the Tooth Fairy doesn't pay 'em!" he laughed. "And then what? You always have to ask that question in economics. You always say, 'And then what?'"

* https://www.cbsnews.com/news/warren-buffett-on-legendary-was...
The roads are smaller and older. It's just that that isn't a bad thing.

And it is a bad thing for cars. It's just not a bad thing for people, because good alternatives to cars exist.
So when I say “install this library”, should it or should it not follow the instructions (from the readme) for prereqs and how to install?
This is basically introducing a second US currency and mandating that it must be used for international trade.

Having different currencies for internal vs external trade isn’t usually something I associate with prosperous countries.
It works the other way as well. Ex: exporting dollars solidifies a bid for US debt (because by far the easiest way to use excess dollars is to buy US treasuries), which allows the US to keep easily exporting dollars. When capital flows to the US are sustainably strong, the dollar performs well (which is amplified from being the reserve currency for international trade), which means foreign capital is incentivzed to join the bandwagon (strong dollar + strong US assets performance = great returns for international participants). It's self reinforcing to the upside, and it's theoretically somewhat self-reinforcing if it unwinds as well.
It seems like the XNU kernel is architecturally super close to the Mach kernel, and XNU drivers architecturally work like Mach drivers, but just that they are compiled into the kernel instead of running in userspace as a separate process. And it seems like the only reason for doing so is performance.

That makes me wonder: how hard would it be to run the XNU kernel in something like a “Mach mode”, where you take the same kernel and drivers but run them separately as the Mach microkernel was intended?

I feel like from a security standpoint, a lot of situations would gladly call for giving up a little bit of performance for the process isolation security benefits that come from running a microkernel.

Is anybody here familiar enough with XNU to opine on this?
> Bernie is for tariffs in his own words.

If you read only half of them, sure. I’m for jailing some people, but if you say you’re gonna jail everyone we disagree, yes?

> AOCs comment was from months ago.

Thats during Trump’s current and second term, during which he promised these tariffs as a campaign issue. Pretending her comments aren’t related is getting a bit desperate now.
Show HN: Sayso – We Fixed AI Phone Calls
Hi HN,

YC w24 company here. We just pivoted from drone delivery and on-demand GPU rental back to our original idea - using AI for language learning.

The Sayso app uses interactive Stories, really good AI Phone Calls and immersive community posts to create a fantastic Spanish learning experience.

Sayso lets you “shop around” for the lesson/story you want to do. Each story contains - well - a fun story that lets you see Spanish used in real world contexts, has you say a few useful sentences out loud so you practice pronunciation and ends with a short phone call that puts you on the spot. At the end, new words are added to an FSRS5-powered flashcard stack (most efficient memorization algorithm). I can tell you, it’s a lot of fun, words just stick and you gain a lot of knowledge quickly.

Stories and phone calls are made to be fun and useful. E.g., instead of “how to order a coffee”, we do something like “a waiter spills coffee on you” - you can choose to be nice or yell at him. This way, phrases just stick really well.

There are also community posts, which are short videos in or about Spanish with a short exercise that lets you say a sentence out loud in the end. And there are phone call scenarios that are a bit longer.

As additional motivation, there are Amazon gift vouchers for the leaderboard toppers every week!

How did we get here?
We were part of YC w24. We applied to YC with AI language learning initially but decided to work on drone delivery during YC given our ML & engineering backgrounds. Turns out, no one needs that and the unit economics simply don’t work out. Then we launched gpudeploy.com and got #1 on HN [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40260259]! But this didn't work out either - we turned into glorified car (Nvidia GPU) salesmen which we were not good at. So we went back to our original idea, language learning. We launched an initial app last year and now took the learnings and recently launched SAYSO.

It is available on iOS only for now.

Enjoy and have a nice rest of the weekend!
> The Space Force anticipates awarding 54 launches across the five order years with SpaceX receiving about 60 percent of the missions (28 launches), ULA getting 40 percent (19 launches) and Blue Origin getting seven missions.

Agreed, the content suggest a pretty reasonable spread, especially given each group's historical capabilities.
I was obsessed with science fiction when I was a kid, and math and computers in particular. I saved up my pocket money to buy a TRS-80 Color Computer II, and learned to program in BASIC over the summer holidays. Later I learned 6809 Assembly, and Color Forth on the same machine.
"Tax" and "levy" are bad words. Instead call it a "tariff on foreign goods" and suddenly everyone will be in favor.
My starting point would be Chromium's documentation, as - presumably - chrome is one of the most widely used and battle tested, user-facing, third party sandboxes running on end user machines.

Windows: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/d...

Linux: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/sandbo...

OS X: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/sandbo...

With the caveat that I wouldn't necessairly assume this is the cutting edge at this point, and there might be other resources to invest in for server-side sandboxing involving containers or hypervisors, and that I've only actually engaged with the Windows APIs based on that reading.

I wrote `firehazard` ( https://docs.rs/firehazard/ , https://github.com/MaulingMonkey/firehazard/tree/master/exam... ) to experiment with wrapping the Windows APIs, document edge cases, etc. - although if the long list of warnings in the readme doesn't scare you away, it'll hopefully at least confirm I hesitate to recommend my own code ;)
Left-recursive versus right-recursive lists in LR parsers
> That's from 2003.

Would you argue that the period between 2003 and 2025 have strengthened or weakened the case for free trade?
I had a computer in my bedroom and I wanted to make it efficient so I went into /system32 and started deleting every file that didn’t seem useful
i also don't think it needs debating. my point was that the issue, the too narrow leading in the online view, is just not going to be fixed unless someone points it out to someone that can fix it. if that's you, great! you can submit a PR to the git repo. or, if don't have the time or want to have to go find where the line height is defined, submitting a comment to the mailing list or noting it on the issue tracker will let a volunteer fix it

from my own experience, Alex is very amenable to improvements. the online view of the ebooks is just not used by probably anyone to actually read the books (just use an ereader app or device its a way better experience anyway) and because of that no one has cared to point it out until now
Yes, during training multiple checkpoints are created, you can distill from any checkpoint you want.
The average human eye has 10,000,000 X the dynamic range of even the finest broadcast video camera. So, when the Sun is low on the horizon, all Teslas are effectively blind. Lidar is good, until you get more than one of them in an area. Then the lidars totally interfere with each other resulting in total chaos. Self driving anything is just not ready yet, and won't be for a long time.
But it won't with current camera technology. The mix of high acuity at the center, moveable camera, wide peripheral vision, object tracking and non-frame-based sensing that allows human eyes to sense the depth of moving objects in low light is not commercially available with camera systems under ~10000$. It's cheaper to install LIDAR than to install cameras which are uniformly as good as the human eye. To get the acuity of a human eye at the center you'd need ~400MPx, or have a gimbaled camera to point towards an object of interest, and tracking small fast objects with such a camera (and at night!) is very very expensive in hardware.
Yeah that's totally reasonable. People tend to get so emotionally and politically charged today with anything that mentions Trump that I tried there to just comment on their lesson learned regardless of my opinion on it. I could definitely see that coming across as too charitable
Very inspiring comment. I suppose that software development was a much more impactful job back in the days.

I do get pleasure when building software, but like many others I also dream about starting a farm to diversify my income and get some physical work regularly.
To save a search; https://docs.kernel.org/userspace-api/landlock.html
> Now think of how many black leather jackets do you own.

None. I don't really understand this analogy.
I very much agree. I've been using Gemini 2.5 pro for coding and I've always given it a simple instruction. Never write comments. It will stop writing them for a time but it's nowhere near the 1M context window.

Now maybe this is more a lack of instruction following than context length but the fact that it works at first and then starts going downhill quickly makes me wary about how much it will pay attention to other details further back in the context.
Thanks! Landlock is the one I couldn't remember.

Agreed about macOS's sandboxing being under-documented.
Ah but I did paraphrase, and you did not. My paraphrasing was not a lie, and yours is.
My most productive ever was being in a room of 2-4 people working on the same thing. Small conversations were encouraged but anything unrelated was taken outside.

I wish I could find that again.
Oh I think that must be the case. We've spent decades profiting by externalizing many of the costs of our consumption onto other parts of the world. Isolationism means we now how to deal with those costs or change our consumption.
there is quite a lot of automated changes using standard ebooks open source tools package

the vast majority of textual tooling is regex-galore, but there is also automated epub tooling in there too
> Over 43% of MCP server implementations tested by Equixly had unsafe shell calls.

How can we fall into this _every single time_.
Sure. I think we both agree at least that the UK isn't suffering some kind of crisis, doesn't have plunging GDP etc, which is where this sub-thread started.
And I'm skeptical it's actually cost-optimized. I think it's effort-optimized. The owner doesn't have to supervise reheating pre-prepared meals that are microwaved. I guess that's another form of cost-optimized, but it just feels like most restaurants don't have anyone in charge with any incentive to care.
This is a bit extreme. I've worked in many industries where the word 'accrual' is kind of internal to the finance/accounting department. I'd estimate over 70% of very good functional department heads I've worked with in the past would ask for clarification too. If they were still confused after further clarification or weren't able to comeback with an answer, then there is a bigger problem potentially with their ability to own a budget/manage spend.

This is kind of like punishing someone for not knowing your preferred buzzword. I've seen dozens of times that when a new high ranking person joins, their language quickly starts to become the defacto language of the org. If they like the "headwind" "tailwind" terminology, then it becomes what people everywhere start writing in the slides and how they discuss items of risk. You shouldn't be punishing people for asking for clarification (and there certainly a whole group of people that like to ask versus sitting silently then looking it up later). Hopefully there was more too it.