skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Show HN: BroadcastDetector – Detect Network Loops and ARP Spoofing in Real-Time
Hi HN!

I'm excited to share a project I’ve been working on: *BroadcastDetector* – a lightweight tool for real-time detection of *switch loops*, *network loops*, *ARP spoofing*, and *broadcast storms*.

It passively analyzes your network for unusual patterns using `tcpdump` and `pyshark`, identifies loops and spoofing attacks, and alerts you before they cause real damage.

Key features:
- Detects broadcast storms and switch/network loops
- Monitors and alerts on ARP spoofing activity
- Logs events to CSV (MAC, VLAN, timestamp, etc.)
- Web dashboard for live traffic & alerts
- Designed for Linux, optimized for Raspberry Pi 4/5
- Runs fully local – no cloud, no external API

Use cases:
- Homelabs & data centers
- Diagnosing faulty switches or misconfigured loop protection
- Monitoring ARP spoofing in enterprise networks

Installation:
You can install it manually on Debian/Raspbian *or flash a ready-to-go Pi image*.
Here's the download & demo page:
https://itfourall.com/broadcast.php

The goal is to make network loop detection simple and accessible – especially for small teams and IT admins who usually don’t have deep visibility into what's happening on Layer 2.

Happy to answer questions or get feedback from the community – especially around performance optimizations or edge cases you’ve encountered in network environments.

Thanks!

– IT fourAll
I find it ironic that the author says

> [AI] tends to write in a generic style erases my personal tone of voice. I don't want to create "AI slop"

And yet the article has telltale signs of AI content. Dead giveaway? The “conclusion” section - no human writes like that unless they’re doing a high school essay, and most AI slop out there has that predictable structure with an often unnecessary conclusions section. AI just can’t tell the difference or whether it’s actually needed.

I even went through some other articles in this same blog to see if it was just this article or the author consistently adds conclusions to her other articles. Others don’t have a conclusion, this AI-assisted one is the first one with that structure.
How to respond when biomed science and global health is under existential threat
Show HN: Remarking – like Twitter/Bluesky but by appending to a single text file
Remark.ing is a microblogging site that aggregates markwhen[0] documents. A markwhen document is just a collection of dated entries in a single file. So, with remarking, each of those dated entries gets its own "post" that has its own url and comments and whatnot. It's like handwriting RSS. And your home feed is a chronologically sorted list of those entries from different documents. That's it!

Remarking has its own UI for posting and writing but is backed by the documents you choose to upload/share in meridiem[1]. So you can still use meridiem to add stuff in the future, edit previous posts, etc.

The motivation here is really that microblogging sites need not be anything more than interweaved journals, which is what this is. You can backfill experiences that you want to remember, schedule posts in the future, all with a single text file.

[0] markwhen.com
[1] meridiem.markwhen.com
I would expect it to be closer to 1KB, as well. 100KB is (at time of writing) about 5× the size of this webpage, and this doesn't load instantly for me.
Show HN: Tansu – Kafka Compatible Broker Transforms Proto/Avro/JSON into Parquet
What is it?

- Tansu is an Kafka compatible broker with S3 or PostgreSQL storage
- Broker schema validation of Proto/Avro/JSON backed topics
- Proto/Avro/JSON backed topics are also written as Parquet record batches for easy ingestion by downstream tooling

Step by step tutorial: https://blog.tansu.io/articles/parquet

Tansu is written in async Rust with the Tokio runtime. We build a single static linked binary that contains the broker, proxy and admin/utility commands in ~60MB.
Also available as a from scratch docker container.

The Kafka protocol is implemented with serde using proc macros to transform the JSON definitions into Rust data types (https://blog.tansu.io/articles/serde-kafka-protocol).

Proto/Avro/JSON is converted into Apache Arrow data types, and then into Apache Parquet with a sprinkle of Apache Datafusion.

We also have an example of it running on fly.io with tigris (https://blog.tansu.io/articles/fly-with-tigris) that scales brokers back to 0 between requests.

Looking forward to any feedback and hope that Tansu can improve your workflow!
I think saying "track record" is then factually wrong. Merriam Webster defines track record as: "a record of past performance often taken as an indicator of likely future performance". In that case, you should be able to point to the record.

I assume you will still stand behind the essence of your comment. In that case, it would be better to say "Based on my experience on playing with their models, I have strong reasons to believe that they continuously cheat on benchmarks by training on test datasets." You can then also add that this maps with what you hear from others in the field.
Apple supplier Luxshare weighs manufacturing in U.S. to tackle tariffs
Nationally, there are less than 10% of incarcerated people in private prisons. This number starts to vary widely from state to state though, with some states having more than 50% and some having 0%.
It is not the same as docker though. Docker is fine, but that would only work with application level stuff. NixOS lets you manage the entire system this way, including drivers and kernel modules and everything else.

This is not a small difference.
Glad someone said it.

A special election is a dumb idea.
And upgrading between even minor versions sometimes completely breaks stuff. :(
Thanks for checking out BroadcastDetector!

I built this tool after struggling with hard-to-diagnose issues in enterprise and SMB networks – especially broadcast storms and switch loops that silently bring everything down. Most tools focus on Layer 3 and above, while this one keeps an eye on the chaos at Layer 2.

It’s fully passive (no active probing), uses `tcpdump` + `pyshark` under the hood, and stores all detection logs locally in CSV (MAC, VLAN, timestamps, etc). It runs well on low-power devices like Raspberry Pi 4/5, which makes it ideal for plugging directly into a trunk port and letting it monitor multiple VLANs.

If you’ve ever had to troubleshoot sudden ARP storms or mystery broadcast floods, I’d love to hear how you handled them – or what tooling you use. Feedback on performance, packet handling, or edge case behavior is super welcome.

Would also love suggestions if anyone’s worked on similar tools or has ideas for improving broadcast visibility in a lightweight way.

Thanks again!
>Outputs are evaluated with a scoring rubric by Claude Sonnet 3.7

I feel it might be beneficial to evaluate by an ensemble of a bunch of models, picking the SOTA models cause of the subjectivity of the task at hand.
Hey HN

This tool was born out of frustration with silent network issues like broadcast storms, misconfigured switches, and ARP spoofing that go undetected until users start complaining.

BroadcastDetector plugs into a trunk port, listens to all VLANs, and spots anomalies in real time. It’s lightweight (Python + tcpdump), doesn’t need any fancy hardware, and stores everything locally – ideal for sysadmins and network engineers who want visibility without deploying full-blown NMS systems.

I’m especially interested in your thoughts on:
- How you currently detect Layer 2 issues (if at all)
- Whether you'd prefer full packet captures or metadata
- Other tools you'd recommend for L2 monitoring

Would love your feedback – happy to open up ideas or collaborations if it helps others fighting with broadcast loops and spoofing chaos.
"Crypto’s dead," Jay muttered. "Sneakers are forever."

Dang deepseek is actually pretty good. Compared to Gemini's version that sounded like a Schizophrenic on LSD.
Longform creative writing is possibly the least valid or interesting use case for LLMs.

Why should I be bothered to read what nobody could be bothered to write?

The point of writing is communication and creative writing is specifically about the human experience… something a LLM can mimic but never speak to authoritatively.
One thing I found surprising while building this: how invisible Layer 2 issues can be in modern networks. Most monitoring tools (Zabbix, Prometheus, etc.) stop at ICMP or SNMP – but they don't tell you when a looped switch starts flooding broadcasts or when ARP replies look suspicious.

BroadcastDetector tries to fill that gap by being completely passive and focused. It doesn't touch your devices, it just watches traffic from a mirror/trunk port and tries to find patterns you’d usually only spot after a meltdown.

The whole system runs headless with a simple web interface, logs everything, and alerts based on loop/spoof patterns. It’s written in Python and optimized for Raspberry Pi or Debian-based systems.

If you’ve built anything like this (or used tools like Wireshark/tcpdump for long-term monitoring), I’d love to hear how you approached it. Happy to swap ideas or improve it based on real-world experience.
Now I feel a bit like writing some tool to automatically follow your posts (easy with existing HN replies) do a semantic analysis on them to determine when you will make that misstake again and give some alert (the hard/expensive part).
It’s funny that this comment keeps putting “researching” in quotes, but you guys do realize that R&D has the letter D in it as well right?

For Development?

Yeah, committing to a library isn’t research, but it is very clearly development.

You may not want this kind of development to receive tax breaks, which is a reasonable position to have, but this rhetorical trick of pretending R&D is only about research to pretend actions that are very clearly development are somehow illegitimate R&D is highly misleading to say it nicely.
This is actually correct, I don't know why is it downvoted. All current models have their identity "burned-in", not needing system prompt for that.
Trump is a new experience for America, but you don’t have to go back far pretty much anywhere else to have similar examples.

Trump is notable because he is unusual for the US.
All of these examples are done by specialist because I don't see many cars being build by dentists.

Even in mankind's beginning specialization existed in the form of hunter and gatherer. This specialization in combination with team work brought us to the top of the food chain to a point where we can strive beyond basic survival.

The people making space crafts (designing and building, another example of specialization) don't need to know how to repair or build a microwave to heat there for food.

Of course everybody still needs to know basic knowledge (how to turn on microwave) to get by.
I wasn't making a point about blockbusters though. Star Wars would fail my criteria as well. It's not about money it's about influence. The stuff you listed is the antithesis of that, watered down for a global audience. I'm talking about the "I want to visit CityX" because I saw what it's like and that's my vibe.

It's not a matter of growing the industry because it's already orders of magnitude bigger then what it costs to accomplish.
I’m confused, is this operating on Emacs’ frames or windows.

** For those here that are not Emacs users these terms mean the opposite of what you’re likely used to.
Seems like the server is dead right now.
Interesting article and substantively correct about the direct impact of tariffs. But is using a bit of a straw-man as a hook. It is very easy to buy decent quality sneakers for $2 wholesale, and Nike do sell a lot of $150 sneakers.
No one assumes that they are just taking that as profit; it is mostly spent on advertising (sports sponsorships etc.) supporting retail etc. Fundamentally, they can and will choose to change the percentage they spend on raw materials and complex manufacturing techniques if that is what the marketplace demands.
Feedback: I use MacWhisper and Tiny wisperkit model (english only) is way faster than any cloud service on my M1 macbook pro.

I’d say local is necessary for delightful product experience and the added bonus is that it ticks the privacy box
I've had multiple situations where AI has helped me get to the solution because it has been unable to get there itself. But that I wouldn't have realised that solution otherwise. In one case, looking for a plot, it delivered many woeful options but one sparked an alternative thought that got me on track. In other cases trying to debug code, having it talk through the logic/flow and exhaust other fixes, I have managed to solve the problem despite not being experienced at all with that language.

The dangers I've found personally are more around how it eases busywork, so I'm more inclined to be distracted doing that as though it delivers actual progress.
Are Americans Still Welcome in Europe?
Fht-compositor: A new dynamic tilling Wayland compositor
> The nomination will officially be voted on either shortly before or during the convention itself. Unless a major Democratic figure mounts a serious challenge — which did not appear to happen within 24 hours of Biden’s announcement — the president’s endorsement of Harris will likely carry the day with delegates

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/is-it-really-unlawful-...

You’re the one being dishonest. The democratic nomination wasn’t official until August, and to suggest the Democratic Party had no other option is factually incorrect and a revision of history that ignores the months the party and pundits spent discussing other options, as well as the legal argument the party itself made to justify choosing Harris.
VoiceInk: OSS Voice-to-text app for macOS
I don't like that we're entering an era where humans won't be writing anymore. I might have to stop reading blog posts. Maybe I'll just start reading old books too.
It probably depends a lot on how the system is prompted. One of the interesting things about generative images is how easy it is to know what something looks like without being able to describe it.

Longform text is likely similar where there are a bunch of interactions and scenes that humans pick up on if they are there without being able to describe. The early Game of Thrones series was a fascinating example of good writing because most of the terrible things that happened to people were a neat result of their own choices (it had a consistent flawed character -> bad choice -> terrible consequence style that repeated over and over) - but I don't think most people would pick up on that without it being explicitly pointed out. And when that started to go away people could tell the writing was falling off but couldn't easily pick out why.

A hypothetical LLM could be prompted with something like that ("your writing is boring, please make consequences follow from choices") but it is less clear that the average prompter would be able to figure out that was what was missing. Like how image generators often needed to be prompted with "avoid making mistakes" to get a much higher quality of image; it took a bit to realise that was an option.
I agree for fully generated work, but I think we’ll eventually reach a sweet spot for assisting tools that retain creativity while removing technical blockers. Things like beat quantization for producers but exponentially better.

The trick is going to be surfacing content in the sea of bullshit, though.
That's a narrow subset you've got there. There are books about experiences of dwarves, alien insectoids and superintelligent AIs, too.
> where China is equal to America on a per capita basis,

China is super far away from that and its demography is a time bomb that will get there first
No, apple only has 125% tariffs on imports from China to the US. They can send them elsewhere (or parts) and send India-made devices to the US instead for example.
Hopefully forever. Its useful for small projects.
With "Ironwood" TPU, Google Pushes the AI Accelerator to the Floor
Arts & entertainment is (at least) 1% of USA's GDP. Roughly $1 trillion / year.

Production of culture seems important and worthwhile to me.

Probably apocryphal: UK's (then generous) dole led to the British Invasion (eg The Beatles).
what language do you think the amish speak at home? which schools do you believe they attend?

do you expect this to be the sole example you've failed to consider?
We live in a democracy, and when you have conditioned society to assume everything is taxed, then yes, taxing vices like alcohol and tobacco are easier to stomach. I would be less opposed to it if every single dollar extracted from the vice was put to whatever society decided to do about the vice (police, treatment, etc.). But taxing the vice is a source of revenue for the ever-expanding state, and therefore society doesn’t actually want the vice to stop, rather they want it to grow in order to expand their revenue.

I don’t want the government to fund anything a citizen wouldn’t fund themselves. If it’s useful, then someone will make a business to provide it. If it’s desirable without the profit motive, then allow a charity to develop. I see charity funded by free citizens as a form of market solution.

What drives me crazy are giant government bureaucracies that are totally removed from the democratic process that fund things no one voted for, that we can never seem to defund.
>You seem to want to finish this argument without actually looking at any statistics.

I provided statistics on deaths and put the US in scope, and asked for you to provide proof of your claim the US is singularly the worst offender (its not).

I've not once claimed the US is not bad as you continuously suggest and attack (straw men as usual for trolls). I have simply stated that your claim the US is egregious is naive and myopic. You only prove that by failing to provide any numbers that put the US in context to back your own point.

>Since March 2003

Curious starting point. I tend to take a much longer view, but even within your own cherry picked 10 year window from earlier you are wrong.
>This is probably harder to judge automatically (i.e. using LLMs) though, maybe that's why they haven't done it.

Absolutely.
Firstly, it is entirely possible if there are investigative notes and findings available on a real life event, it might very well have been trained on the actual article. If the model is trained on it, it might just replicate it.

Plus, this might expose how some LLMs can still cook up stuff even when given facts to rely on. Some of these are more notorious than others.

Like Perplexity a year plus ago did that quite a bit for me, anecdotally speaking. It has become a lot better though.

Then even writing what some might consider Pulitzer prize winning is a subjective task.
>Harris was widely recognized as the worst candidate & vice president, perhaps ever.

Are you seriously suggesting Trump is better?
America Needs More Sprawl to Fix Its Housing Crisis
You can't convince me this isn't art: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/6WWT0Wu2LQg
> 1) Because Linux filesystems still suck. You need efficient copy-on-write overlays (and the ability to handle lots of them!) with some level of deduplication to make immutable operating systems not suck.

OStree copied Git and used hardlinks with a content addressable object store for years and it didn't "suck". This method is reliable enough that it ended up in a shipped Red Hat product.

It recently gained support for something known as composefs, which is kinda like mounting a manifest of hard links, but the system just needs the one, not "lots of them".
Yes, my undergrad degree grade was determined solely by my performance on 8 three-hour exams at the end of the final year.
The Philosophy of Software Design – With John Ousterhout
I am suggesting that buying something that has no worth is a bad idea no matter what organization you are. It's less a bad investment in the context of government and more a misappropriation of funds.

Government money represents hard earned cash of the people. The ability for the government to borrow -- its credit -- deals with its reputation as an entity that is capable of paying its debts. This reputation reflects on the people governed.

The people's money and its reputation should be respected. Money should be borrowed carefully to protect the people's reputation. Taxes should be spent wisely to protect and defend their purse. Wise expenditure is an important part of good stewardship, good government, and good politics.
https://web.archive.org/web/20240119035042/https://www.devki...
The USA of course!

This is not my city, but a perfect example of how this happens https://x.com/mericamemed/status/1909531665250034171?s=46
You’re conflating the option to move funds with the option to choose a different candidate. Harris was not the only option, anyone could have been selected up until the official nomination in August:

> The nomination will officially be voted on either shortly before or during the convention itself. Unless a major Democratic figure mounts a serious challenge — which did not appear to happen within 24 hours of Biden’s announcement — the president’s endorsement of Harris will likely carry the day with delegates.

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/is-it-really-unlawful-...

The idea that Harris was the only option because they couldn’t move funding is absurd, we’re talking about an election for the highest position in the world. If the party wanted to choose someone else, they would have found a way to reallocate the funding or just eat the cost.
Yeah, I plan on improving the formatting and adding a few more examples. There were even still some typos in the piece. To be honest, I didn't plan on sharing it yet; I just figured it might be helpful for the OP, so I shared it early.

I also think the docs are pretty good. There's just something about seeing the actual network requests that helps clarify things for me.
What's giving Daniel Ek a hard-on is that the music industry realised AI isn't a big threat. AI first made Spotify's stock plummet from $300 to under $80, and once the realisation kicked in that the music industry is more about fame (i.e. real people other people want to relate to) than music itself, the stock price climbed up to $600.
> this book of a guy who cycled across Central Asia and in Japan

Go on, give us a clue. Title, author, even language...?
AI and blogging is is like a wolf and a sheep in the same yard. One is killing the other eventually
Mentions Buck, but no mention of Pants or Please.
ai is not going to push itself... oh wait.
I’d rather you never take my money in the first place, given the government’s track record of using money inefficiently
gift link: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/09/science/neuroscience-brai...
Yes, oppressed: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_L...
You do know each of those was 4 beeps? :D
What if I'm ssh'd into a Linux box and want to (say) format its root disk. Can I boot a new instance of Linux in memory and then access the root disk?
Public prisons's use of forced labor is not better than private ones.

And people in prisons (private or public) count towards total population in counties, giving them more weight in elections, despite none of the prisoners having chosen to be there voluntarily nor having the right to vote.
https://www.vera.org/news/how-mass-incarceration-shapes-our-...
Zero Ego
https://archive.is/EPZnP
People, then.
My greatgrandfather used to say it all the time
Because The Cruelty is the Point.
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/10/the-cruelt...
"files" is clearly a misnomer, it should have been "objects".
Came here to look to this!
>Is there any fishing going on in the Black Sea

Yes, but not a lot since the fish is very scarce and it supplies a small part of the local consumption. Romanian vessels used to fish in oceans. I presume Russian vessels, too.
Ask HN: Is small talk a form of low-effort speech that should be discouraged?
And if so, how would you discourage it without being rude?