skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
That model kind of falls apart for a few reasons:

1. The empty space between the crust and the mantle isn't going to fill up with air. If the mantle cools and shrinks, it's going to pull the crust inwards because there's nothing to expand to fill a potential void.

2. There's no hard line where the crust becomes mantle. The rock gets gooey in a gradient.

3. If there was a void filled with gas, the gas would desperately want to escape. There's a tremendous amount of pressure down there, and the gas would fart out to the surface as volcanic activity at the first chance it got. Tectonic plates move fast enough that even if such a bubble did form, the gas would escape relatively quickly.

But really, consider that if the center of the earth is liquid and cooling, that'll shift the center of gravity in the direction the mantle moves in (same mass, now more dense). That direction is... towards the opposite side of the planet, where there's uncooled liquid mantle, which in turn would just squish back around in time. Cooling the whole mantle evenly around the world enough to decrease the circumference of it such that there's an appreciable void is an unimaginable amount of cooling.

As you said, the crust would need to be extremely sturdy, and at that point tectonics would close up those voids pretty quickly.
It's arguable that any group's dialect is actually a fork of English specialized for a specific culture, activity, or context. Occasionally, elements of the fork are pulled into upstream English as groups grow in popularity and jargon or shibboleths become more commonly used across dialects.
Correct me if I am wrong, but historically hyperinflation only happens when domestic production is destroyed due to a war or large scale civil unrest.

In Germany’s case much of their industrial capacity was destroyed or seized as reparations for WW1.

Trying to make parallels to the current situation in the US borders on the absurd.
I'm a scientist. I'm even a social scientist. Painting the "other" as some sort of one-dimensional malevolent retard isn't doing you or anyone else any favors. I promise.

There are real people, even smart people, on the other team. They have thoughts, kids, impressive degrees, goals unrelated to politics. They enjoy sunshine and hiking. They think they're doing what they're doing for good reasons. They believe themselves to be good people. They might even believe you to be a good person.
I think it boils down to the fact that water is softer than land, if anything goes wrong.

The Soviets did land most capsules on land, but those were very bumpy landings.
I'd focus on things AI fails on -- anything compiled or systems. Avoid the wave, cling to tradition, and profit.

But hey, I'm just some millennial who writes his python in vi by hand, what do I know ;-)
get your hands on DONKEY.BAS you will love it!
I'm talking about jacking up tariffs immediately, costing US consumers right now, with false promises of mfg magically popping up immediately to replace it. The government needs to directly fund and standup industrial infrastructure in the way China does with their SEZ to actually bring the jobs here, and we know that that will never happen.
US is well known for its questionable high scale farming practices that often have no interest in any sort of animal welfare. Its one of the primary reasons for import controls across Europe for US meat products. It comes up every time the UK or EU negotiate trade deals with the US and came up extremely often during Brexit.

If those import markets were open European producers would struggle to compete with US-agri due to its sheer volume and lack of interest in animal welfare and/or disease control. The UK specifically suffered issues in the past with such issues via "Mad Cow Disease" in the 90s and has attempted to reform its practices as a consequence.

Conversely US agri still seems to ignore these existential nightmares, as most recently seen with Bird Flu and the new administration's troubling ideas with how to deal with it (e.g. the suggestion to avoid culls in order to "find resistent birds").
Seriously WTF?

The hyper inflation was in the aftermath of WWI when Germany's economy was broken by 4 years of war. An it was austerity at the beginning of the 29 financial crisis that brought on deflation and collapse. Followed by the election of Hitler. In the US the same thing resulted in the election of FDR and the end of Republican dominance for two generations.
Jimmy Maher is really a great history writer. The way he writes is very compelling. He made a whole history of windows which I somehow read through completely[0].

I can also recommend his other site, Analog Antiquarian[1] where he writes more about the larger history. His Magellan series that's going on now is really amazing, makes you feel like you're really experiencing the epic voyage through South America and South East Asia.

[0] https://www.filfre.net/2018/06/doing-windows-part-1-ms-dos-a...

[1] https://analog-antiquarian.net/
You're just abstracting it and trying to draw concrete conclusions form abstract cases. Of course it depends on what someone says; to ignore this is asinine.
I was never really able to grok this tool. It always felt like Docker with extra steps.
Original discussion:

Gumroad’s source is available - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43580103 (380 points | 9 hours ago | 185 comments)
I haven't encountered any Chef code in almost ten years. For the stragglers not yet primarily on Kubernetes and Terraform, I see Ansible and some extra Terraform. Maybe I see some Salt here and there.

These are just my anecdotes, for sure, but (also anecdotal) I rarely hear of other "ops" type people using Chef, and most of the ones I know never got more than just their feet wet with Chef (the SaltStack beta was out early enough to avoid Chef).
Maybe letting it get so top-heavy it collapses is the only way forward. Peter Turchin writes about this and similar things: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Turchin
I heard the same thing about Ruby, Go, TypeScript, and Rust. (Even JS at one point when NodeJS was super popular a few years ago).

There will be new shiny things, but of course, my choice is Python too.
The Colonel’s Bequest (also by Roberta Williams) still holds a special place in my heart.

I can’t play a game like Luigi’s Mansion without feeling like that was one of the inspirations.
I love open source and the general vibe of good vibes you're bringing, but...this isn't SOTA, or close, even on the papers own terms. (i.e. excluding models released the last 6 months, including their own, which is a strange, yet understandable, choice given the results they report)

Quickest way to show this:

- Table 2, top of page 7

- Gemma 2 27B, 0 interventions, has 94.1/56.6/60.2

- Gemma 2 27B, with all their interventions, has 86/64/69.

- Gemma 2 27B, with all their interventions, sampled 32 times, is at 90.4/67.2/70.3.

- Gemma 2 27B came out in...June 2024. :/

Quick heuristics employed here:

- What models did they compare against? (this isn't strictly an issue, the big screaming tell is "What models did they compare against compared to their last N papers?"

- How quickly does the paper have to move towards N samples, and how big does N get before they're happy enough to conclude? (32). How much does that improve performance on their chosen metric? (1.8%)
Much of the course topics look great.

The instructor looks like a jerk.
The German love for authoritarianism did that. And WW1 Allies who bled the country dry with reparations as the article mentions. Which lead to desperation in the population and hatred for the establishment. You can see it play out in leading Nazi figures like Goebbels who was constantly broke, struggling to pay bills and ranted about financial enslavement of his people.

The excessive treatment made them see themselves as freedom fighters. Of course, that's not what people are taught in school in Britain or France, it's an inconvenient narrative.
I’d be interested to see how the Republican approach to the problem of homelessness works at scale, but they control few local governments the size of SF or Seattle.

Two exceptions (see https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_the_50_lar... ): Dallas-Fort Worth and Oklahoma City.

Full disclosure: I don’t know much about them, and I doubt anyone in this thread cares enough to merit a deep dive. A little light googling suggests both struggle with homelessness (not surprising: both tend to have mild winters). DFW seems to take in essence the liberal approach: social services support with some encampment clearing and forced transport away from the city; OKC seems to be working on a rehousing program (how progressive of them) combined with faith-based charities and private/public partnerships.
There's also software engineers that work in ads. Instagram [known to have a causal effect in eating disorders, which is one of the more deadly mental illnesses]. Health insurance [unitedhealthcare was using software to automatically deny people healthcare-- this definitely has killed people].
A Blueprint for Fermat's Last Theorem
I hope Larian gets into making sequels or remakes of all those 90’s games that people loved. Baldur’s Gate is a game my brain tries to place in the late 90’s along with the later Warcraft games but in fact it’s 00’s. Seeing them walk gaming history backward would be a treat.

Before BG3 came out I started to try to finish BG which I played but got stuck a third of the way through. I made it at least halfway, but then the betas were coming out so I just watched other people play through on YouTube. Which I suspect many people did if they even bothered exerting themselves that much.

What other games have good playthroughs?
Don't worry, I'm stuck on the same terrifying bus as you.
The ML researchers are relying on libraries written by someone else. Today, those libraries are mostly C++, and they would benefit from Rust same as most other C++ codebases.
That sounds pretty heavy on theatre and pretty light on insight!
The thing is, lists of things don't make good HN submissions in general

https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...

And they're not Show HN's, which is for something else, take a look at https://news.ycombinator.com/showhn.html

You should probably find something more HN-ish to post instead.
I admit there's something that doesn't add up.

I listened to him being asked a question on UK / US trade and his answer was very generic - something something Amazon.

To be a forex trader, you would live and breathe detail on stuff like this. To be in the top 1% of forex traders you would be far beyond that.

yes he isn't in that position now, but I expected some novel insight that you could only get from a specialist, not something that anyone could come up with.

This isn't the only example.

I don't disagree with most of what he is saying, and I'm very happy for him that he has managed to break through in a small way to get his message out.

but still something iffy.
Estimating VO2Max with deep learning and physiological ODEs
Do you mean chattel slavery? "Cheptel" is a word I'm not familiar with and apparently refers to livestock. "Cheptel slavery" doesn't appear in any search results.

Happy to engage, just need to understand :-)
The Space Shuttle had the benefit of having some lift and some controlability via control surfaces (elevons and a rudder).

While it had a famously terrible glide ratio, it did glide, and this meant that it could use these control surfaces to steer without needing to carry or burn extra fuel -- which is very important in a weight-critical field like spacecraft design.

Capsules don't produce any lift, for all practical purposes. They can't be steered using control surfaces, at least not in the same way as the Shuttle orbiter; their best means of slowing down are either a chute or soft-landing boosters, or both.

Chutes are subject to the wind, while soft-landing boosters fire only a few feet above the ground, and neither give any real steering ability. Between this and trajectory variations on re-entry caused by wind throughout the atmosphere, you can't achieve the same level of precision when landing a capsule compared to the Shuttle orbiter.
Happy to see deekseek using the correct (and much more idiomatic) term "inference-time scaling", instead of the grotesque construction of "test-time compute" that openAI came up with.
Adding fuel and engines to turn the last stage into a lander adds a lot of weight that has knock-on effects resulting in the launch vehicle needing to be much, much bigger for a given payload. Combined parachute and descent thrusters might be light enough, but I don't think that's ever been done for a human landing. Plus, if a chute fails but you still have fuel, the landing goes from being potentially rough to potentially explosive, which is much worse from a PR perspective for a crewed lander.
It's customary on HN to avoid a repetition of a topic that's already being actively discussed. The original post is still on the front page and the licensing issue is being heavily discussed there. I've linked to your post from that thread.
It's more that, as I understand it, "fish" isn't a coherent phylogenetic category so much as a convention-based descriptive grouping of certain characteristics. I don't think of whales as fish, no. But an exclusion based on eg tail fin orientation or lack of gills is based on convention rather than strict taxonomic practices. So if someone wants to weigh the characteristics differently and include whales in the term fish I would at least hear them out.

Different category but well explained here https://eukaryotewritesblog.com/2021/05/02/theres-no-such-th...
Can you say more about what a Martin Luther moment in MAGA would be? You mean like a MAGA person willing to rise up and (figuratively) nail theses to the door, aka call out the bad parts of the movement? Some people have tried and they get bounced out pretty quickly. Trump is the master at ending people for criticizing him, even lightly
Her loft series in 1960 was an amazing moment in time - La Monte Young, John Cage, Marcel Duchamp etc https://press.moma.org/wp-content/files_mf/yoko_sectiontext_...
Completely agree on both counts! I loved those two games and felt Conquests of the Longbow didn't get the recognition it deserves.

On the second point, when I read his book (https://kensbook.com/) I was disappointed to not hear about the magic of the games themselves and the creative process behind them. It became clear that his primary goal was to grow a business, he thought being a game distributor was more exciting, but then was disrupted by Steam, shareware, and online distribution.
I ended up getting my PS5 directly from Sony almost two years after the release. It was still just not in stock whenever and wherever I occasionally checked.
The only thing I ever miss from C++ is a way of guaranteeing that some code is run at every exit path of a function. I guess this is why zig became so popular among C developers.
Late reply but I did test this and I think the results show at least some originality when explicitly directed to not copy existing characters such as Indiana Jones[1] and the Predator[2]. Some elements of the original characters creep in, the archaeologist is wearing a fedora and the distinctly more skeletal bounty hunter appears to have a few dreads despite otherwise being bald, but they are distinct.

[1] https://sora.com/g/gen_01jr152s6seqct2qzgd1dz0qh2

[2] https://sora.com/g/gen_01jr14t6v3fzk8tx00aswwt4kx
you just put bumpers on it to make a smart ass comment. Investing in the S&P is not the only way to invest with stocks. People trying to take money from people are not peddling S&P investments.

In every market down turn, those that are not wealthy end up having to sell of stocks to stop the bleeding. Those that are wealthy increase their wealth by buying up what the others are selling. The concept of a forced market crash is not unthinkable. Especially the current situation. Those that are friendly to the current administration are about to be greatly rewarded.
The study found that for people who are lonely or sad,
listening to music helped them.

Wow. How utterly expected.

Next, they will do studies and find that people who are
lonely or sad, are helped when they attend a concert
with their favorite band.

Or when they eat their favorite food.

"After two years of studies, we conclude that people who
are feeling lonely or sad, eating their favorite food
gives them a boost and feel better".

The metric that would be useful is "better" for how long?
It's interesting how we're seeing the emergence of specialized models, much like trained humans.
Here's the thing, cities do not get cheaper when density increases. The reasons are complicated, but the end result is that not a single large city in Europe, US, or Japan decreased the housing costs by "just building more".

If you want to decrease costs, you have exactly two options:

1. Decrease the city population.

2. Build _more_ cities, or new suburbs.
"If you ain't cheatin', you ain't tryin'"

Reminds me of an incident early in my career. I was developing embedded software and needed an expensive, specialized signal analyzer. Management refused to purchase or assign one to me. I was stuck sharing with my lead, which was highly inconvenient for both of us.

Well, turns out one of those analyzers was assigned to a guy (Dave) about to retire. I wandered over to Dave's cube the day after he left and sure enough, there is my much-needed analyzer. It is poorly locked to a table leg by a rather long cable. So I tilted up the table, slid the cable off the bottom of the leg, lugged the analyzer to my office and enjoyed an relaxing afternoon of debug.

I got a nice talking-to from management once they realized what happened. And most importantly, became the new assignee of Dave's analyzer.
I like how one of the astronauts just nonchalantly tweeted every 30 minutes or so, like he wasn't in space.
What is Chef? This website fails to answer that.
> Her key motivation above all others is making particular groups of people she hates suffer. Everything else is acceptable as long as she gets that.

May I ask, how do you know this? Does she say that about her own motivation? If not, why would she say she does it?
Even in Hungary it is easy to reach a doctor. The difficulty is in finding a doctor who gives a damn.
Bio-E-Nails: A Sustainable Design Approach to Biobased Nail Interfaces
> Jan 6th

Folks who try to make "the insurrection!" a thing don't really have a good read on the pulse of the average American. This is a failed branding attempt for what amounted to an unscheduled tour around the Capitol.

The same people pushing "Jan 6th" can normally take home the gold medal in mental gymnastics when discussing the events ending with numerous American cities being on fire just 6 months prior. Multi-city infernos were "mostly peaceful" protests, but when a Republican is shot by Capitol security, it's an "insurrection."
> Late 2025, "its PhD-level knowledge of every field". I just don't think you're going to get there.

You think too much of PhDs. They are different. Some of them are just repackaging of existing knowledge. Some are just copy-paste like famous Putin's. Not sure he even rad, to be honest.
Different crew vehicles have different capabilities. Dragon is similar to Soyuz, Apollo, et al. It doesn't have a lot of maneuverability on the way down -- and if it lands in the ocean, it doesn't need it. (Soyuz lands on land; again, if it's off target it's no big deal.)

I think there were designs for a version of Dragon that could do propulsive landings, but that was abandoned.

Assuming they get Starship working reliably, it will do precise landings, probably with a tower catch, eventually with a crew on board.
One of the wisest things I've read all week.

I authored one of the primary tools for GraphQL server benchmarks.

I learned about the Coordinated Omission problem and formats like HDR Histograms during the implementation.

My takeaway from that project is that not only is benchmarking anything correctly difficult, but they all ought to come with disclaimers of:

"These are the results obtained on X machine, running at Y time, with Z resources."
AI-generated code is going to be a major influence going forward. Regardless of how you feel about its quality (I'm a pessimist myself), it's happening anyway, and it's going to cement the dominant position of those languages which LLMs understand / can write the best. Which correlates strongly to their amount in the training set, which means that Python and JavaScript in particular are here to stay now, and will likely be increasingly shoved into more and more niches - even those they aren't well-suited to - solely because LLMs can write them.
Just no, your tasks should be idempotent. Distributed transactions are stupid.
Either way clothing will cost more.

Unless China (or another supplier) chooses to pay the tariffs to make their products more competitive. I've heard allegations that they do sometimes export products below cost.
Indeed, everything's always easier when there's a greater wealth of transportation resources available and people have more options. Ideally there should be enough road and/or train capacity to get everyone where they want to go.

If that's not the case, then congestion pricing works by putting pressure on people to stay off the roads at peak times if they can. This is, in fact, a good thing to do; if not everyone who wants to use the roads can do so at once, because there aren't enough roads, then it's most efficient to give the space to those who most need it by willingness to pay. (Regressive distributional impacts of this can be addressed with the revenue that congestion pricing raises, e.g., by cutting consumption taxes.) Making people sit in traffic does no good at all and is just wasteful.

But if you want not just to eliminate that waste, but to actually increase people's mobility, then you need to build enough roads or trains. Whether that's worth the cost depends, as always, on local conditions.

(To be clear, the goal from this perspective is not to "shift transit modalities"; it's to get people where they're going without making them waste time in traffic. Sometimes that means getting more of them onto trains, and sometimes it doesn't.)
That surprised me. It set the pattern for lesser schools, too.