skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Typically, "static typing" refers types being checked at compile time rather than runtime; in other words, the analysis can happen before the program is run, which gives you some degree of confidence in what the behavior will be when actually running it. The opposite of this is "dynamic typing", which means that the type-checking happens while the program is running, so you don't have the up-front guarantee that you won't end up having an error due to the wrong type being used somewhere. In practice, this isn't a strict binary where a language has to be 100% static or 100% dynamic. For example, Java is mostly statically typed, but there are some cases where things are a bit more dynamic (e.g the compiler allowing certain casts that might not end up being successful at runtime, at which point they throw an exception). On the other hand, Python traditionally has been a dynamically typed language, but in recent years there have various efforts to allow type annotations that allow checking some things in advance, which moves it a bit in the static direction (I'm not familiar enough with the current state of things in the ecosystem to have any insight into how much this has moved the needle).

On the other hand, "strong typing" isn't as quite as standardized in type systems terminology, but broadly speaking, it tends to be used to describe things like how "sound" a type system is (which is a well-defined concept in type systems theory), whether or not implicit type coercions can occur in the language, or other things that roughly translate to whether or not its possible for things to get misused as the wrong type without an explicit error occurring. Two examples that are commonly cited are JavaScript[0], with its sometimes confusion implicit conversions to allow things like adding an empty object and an empty array and getting the number 0 as the result (but not if added in the other order!) and C, with it being possible to interpret a value as whatever the equivalent underlying bytes would represent in an arbitrary type depending on the context its used.

[0]: I normally don't like to link to videos, but this famous comedic talk demonstrating a few of these JavaScript quirks is so thoroughly entertaining to watch again every few years that I feel like it's worth it so that those who haven't seen it before get a chance: https://www.destroyallsoftware.com/talks/wat
Discussion (114 points, 4 hours ago, 37 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43553573
Looks impressive! Using the VFS is such a fun "hack" :)

We developed our own sync engine for an offline-first IDE for notes/tasks [1] we're building, where the data structure is a tree (or graph actually) to support outlining operations. Conflict resolution is always the challenge, and especially with trees multiple offline players can optimistically commit local changes which would result in an invalid tree state once globally merged.

The way we handle this is by rolling back tree inserts when a client comes online and receives other tree insert deltas. From what I understand from the description of SQLSync, the best way to handle this would be to pull in a latest snapshot and then replay. Pulling in a full snapshot sounds rather expensive though. We have some sort of heuristic where we can do this if the number of incoming deltas would be very large, but for most offline syncing we never need it. Just curious how SQLSync defines these snapshots? Sticking with the note-taking example, in our case we can't really have a snapshot of a single "note" because of graph features like transclusions. Does SQLSync have some clever way to avoid having to send all state in order to "reset and replay"?

[1] https://thymer.com
A cooking web app 35k LoC? Wow, the author might be surprised to know that an entire OS kernel can be programmed at a fraction of that count. I can safely say that the days where we compained about JS bloat can be put aside, this is a whole new league by itself.

Sane advice: learn to program, put the AI hype/drug aside and do yourself a favor. It's an invaluable lifetime skill knowing to program from scratch and perhaps unassisted coding will be a looked-after skill in the years to come.
rip in peace, iceman.
^I hope this comment gets framed because it is the perfect embodiment of the "fuck you, I got mine" mentality.
I spent far too long trying to work out what was wrong that image, and I was going to say that I didn't like how the bezel ate into the edge squares, until I realised it was AI generated
Or, on Thursday afternoons, you can listen to one of my favorites

https://youtu.be/TTHF2Dfw1Dg?si=PKvJpnG88hjV2-St
Especially golden because these operating systems are so good at doing GPIO. This could probably be replaced by a 0.1$ µC by a hobbyist, where the boot time is reduced by 99.999% while being much more robust as well.

Well, perhaps multitasking systems would even be worse at IO than DOS. Not entirely sure here...
The top ten countries by air pollution listed in another comment hardly produce anything the developed world uses, they mostly export natural resources.
Related New research says "blue zones" can be explained by flawed data (245 points, 6 months ago, 178 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41738434
A major requirement to be a blue zone is spotty record keeping in the beginning of the 20th century.
Sent yet another application, nothing. Y’all painting the office over there?
The Transformer Circuits Thread is an HTML-only journal. Of course you can convert the content to PDF, but then you lose the interactive elements.
I was talking about the specific rules that are in place for title capitalization. As you can see in my example the uppercase letters seem randomly placed for a title, but they are indeed correct. For German too there are issues where capitalization has a meaning on the word itself. That kind of things.

It looks like your library does not support it, which is understandable, it is a huge problem to tackle, but I just wanted to be sure.
> If you’re going on origin, why not the flag of England instead?

I actually really like that idea. The US and UK flags seem to represent more culture than language.
I'm scrolling before coffee and initially took your acronym as India Pale Ale, which would certainly be a different cleaning experience...
Quantum Gravity 101
This will be great for achieving the administration's goals, since it's already decided the constitution doesn't apply to non-citizens.
and the C# is missing the `async Task` boilerplate
Correct, nationality and citizenship are not precisely coextensive, but they are close enough in practice and citizenship sufficiently more commonly encountered of a concept that I wasn't going to try to get overly specific about nationality in a conversation where refugee status and statelessness were being confused. Perhaps a hypercorrection to my tendency to go into excessive detail... In any case, yes, there are some countries [0], where some nationals are not full citizens, and statelessness is precisely the absence of nationality, not citizenship.

[0] the United States among them. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-lega...
I am surprised by his situation as I know of the Zainichi Koreans here (Korean citizens who were born and raised in Japan and live here as an ethnic minority). My understanding of the situation is that they legally are able to naturalize and a significant minority of them do so, but many don't as they would have to renounce Korean citizenship.

I do find it quite unusual that he would not be allowed to naturalize after living all his life here and being married to a Japanese citizen, so perhaps there are other exceptional circumstances. Or perhaps his statelessness isn't something he is actively trying to resolve, having found ways to work around it when he needs to travel and do other things.
fair enough .. how do we fund the next generation of tech development ?

Governments giving money as science grants ?

Are you against all VC investment in startups ?

Philanthropy donations ?

or.. would millionaires be the people starting new startups and doing science research to scratch their own itch ?

I guess the history of science and tech has examples of all of the above.
You make a good point but I think adding QALYs to this discussion is unnecessary complication, for one reason: like most public health menaces, pollution will impact lifespan and healthspan proportionatly, ie you’ll die sooner and also live worse years if you’re exposed. There is a proportionately better chance of ageing well and dieing later if you avoid it.

QALYs really shine when measuring a one-off risk, such as an operation or cancer treatment that might add lifespan but decrease healthspan. If QALY data exists for pollution that’s great, but I think we can easily extrapolate the impact in healthspan from the toll in lifespan.
This also reminds me of HCL

https://github.com/hashicorp/hcl?tab=readme-ov-file#informat...
For reference how this was done in the totalitarian countries of the eastern block: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samizdat
They do look weird but they all match a video.

I think photos are real, just focus is screwed up and maybe they added some automatic effects (tilt-shift or blur afterwards). First few seconds of the video are identical and you can see how much camera is fighting to focus when hand appears in the front.
Love it! I went to fix an easy sandwich and ended up building my own recipe app:

https://www.recipeninja.ai/recipe/r_iEyaSAKCQlzl4Q/vibes-and...

But then, as with most llm tools, the fun wore off after a few minutes of playing with it.
Exactly. The rich don't actively avoid air pollution, not really.

A very significant and underestimated source of pollution is burning of wood. BBQ, fireplaces and stove, even expensive modern 'ecodesign' heating solutions that burn wood: these all cause massive and dangerous air pollution. And it is often, in my country at least, somewhat of a luxury thing. As soon as you get out of the poorest of area's, you smell the burning of wood which can cause more than 50 percent of total pollution locally, even rivaling the effects of smoking.
Full Disclosure: I'm building a LLM chat app for software developers and domain experts

> I struggle to find much utility in terms of actually writing code.

I personally feel you need to give up some control and just let the LLM do its thing if you want to use it to help you build. It honestly does a lot of things in a more verbose way and I've come to the conclusion that it is an LLM writing code for another LLM. As long as I can debug it, I'm okay with the code, as I can develop at a pace that is truly unreal.

I finished my "Recent" contexts feature in a half a day, today. Without the LLM, this would have taken me a week I think. I would say 98% of my code in the past few months has been AI generated. You can see a real life work flow here:

https://app.gitsense.com/?chat=eece40e2-6064-46d2-9bf1-d868c...

I truly believe if you provide a LLM with the right context, it can meet your functional specs 90% of the time. Note the emphasis on functional and not necessary style. And if *YOU* architecture your code properly, it should be 100% maintainable.

I do want to make it clear that what I am doing right now is not novel, but I believe most problems are not. If the problem is not well understood, it can be a challenge like my my chat bridge feature. This feature allows you import Git repos for chatting but I will probably need to rewrite 50% of the LLM code since the solution it built is not scalable.
That is nice! It's 35cm which is fine for casual games, though online tends to be speed chess and bigger pieces help there. Smaller pieces are fiddlier and easier to fumble if you move too quickly. It would be nice if the Pegasus at least had LEDs at each square to tell you the opponent's move, instead of presumably making you read notation from the screen to transfer the move. But it's a start, and it's fairly affordable.

I do think almost all online competitive players don't use anything like that. They play on screen using a full sized screen and a mouse.
You probably want a db-per-user architecture with this kind of thing
But barely get more expensive if you get 64.
Have you considered alternating signals using different radio frequencies? And then use differences in signal arrival times for more accurate location? Also I guess using different bands might be more universal, as signal loss would be different depending on environment and band used.
SO2 was the main driver behind the forest dieback. I'd estimate that the global investments in forrest property (mostly by old money) dwarfs the total cost for the switch to sulfur free fuel.

It is remarkable how fast the wheels of progress turn when old money faces the prospect of their assets being washed away.
Nice looking project! The page in one place says it's opinionated and in another place says it's unopinionated. (I guess that means it's unopinionated :) ).
Prob smelling the waste products from sweat glands from the immune response. Like smelling post workout sweat and knowing someone owns a gym bag.

Very useful if you can dial it in.
As you said, everyone will die of something and those who die are close to death. Therefore you can now justify abandoning any treatment that increases lifespans. The new baseline lifespan is shorter, therefore everyone is closer to death, let's abandon the next treatment.
If somebody works for tobacco or predatory lending they are stigmatized. Perhaps we should extend it to people working in advertising or anything causing the major problems in society today. From sugar drinks to algorithmic timelines.
Not really high tech but worth mentioning that some shortwave portable radios (a world radio receiver is an item you should have in your earthquake emergency supplies) have a portable blare out alarm horn function to signal your presence to first responders.

Although it has the obvious limitation that you would have to be within arm's reach of it before you were to be trapped in a collapsing building, and sound can travel sufficiently under rumble.
Sorry to hijack this but your role has me curious.

What - if any - are the barriers to implementing FQ-Codel or a similar scheme in forwarding ASICs? To my mind with limited knowledge managing all those separate queues sounds like it could be challenging in hardware.
> I'm completely convinced that F# (along with Scala, Haskell, and OCaml) adoption has stalled due to having ridiculously bad build systems.

Scala? I am not trolling here: Are you joking? Scala is part of the Java ecosystem. Sure, Maven gets lots of hate on HN, but it is very mature and has excellent integration with IDEs and CI/CD systems (TeamCity, Jenkins, etc.). In the last 10 years, many Java developers have moved to Gradle, which has equally good integration.

> Hell, 80% of the reason I choose Rust over C++ for embedded work is because of the build system.

What is wrong with CMake for C++?
yet those professionals who have sworn the Hippocratic Oath to protect us

continue to over prescribe the most dangerous drugs to us

First it was young people killing themselves, so there was a warning put on the back of the packet and they were not to be prescribed to those under 25 years old.

yet, no one considered, maybe they did but profits were involved, the fact that those poeple over 25 years old were still killing themselves.

Even in the early days, the late 1980's and early 1990's, patients, male and female, were complaining about sexual dysfunction, denied for over 20 years. Now we have post ssri sexual dysfunction (PSSD) recognised in the DSM5.

why are our protectors still prescribing this dangerous shit?

Now we have Antidepressant medication linked to increase in risk of sudden cardiac death.

I expect a new warning to be added to the massive side effects list on the back of the packets
> A bank bailout is when resources are dedicated to a struggling entity to prevent collapse, preceding bank failure.

> Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank remain two of the largest bank bailouts in American history, with the U.S. government covering all taxpayer deposits but not supporting investors in the bank will not be protected.

https://www.bankrate.com/banking/what-is-a-bank-bailout/
Co-Imagination: Multiplayer Recursion with Electric Brains
Why is typeless considered something good?
Solution for AI Scrapers?
Why not display next to every captcha a button "Mine bitcoins instead"? For those who would rather let their computer sweat for 1 second, than clicking fire hydrants?

Anyway I am paying (in bitcoins!) for an extension that solves captchas for me. It doesn't work too well.
Author here: good catch, thank you! I have fixed the two errors.
High praise indeed.

RIP Dave, he will be sorely missed.
Reservations here as well. They're becoming Google. Just a couple decades behind the curve.

Google was exceedingly generous with storage on Gmail for a reason: data. The more they gave, the more to peruse. 1GB is still a lot of metadata.
The part about S3 using lightweight formal methods in their ShardStore rust codebase is ongoing and operates on the system itself, not a model
> In comparison a book with a limited niche will need to sell at a way higher price to be profitable.

The internet brings a huge amount of people to even the smallest niches.

In porn, niche fetish content is pretty much the same price as vanilla stuff on onlyfans, clips4sale etc. There are a couple of exceptions, but when I think about it, they generally correlate to production cost rather than niche size.
ClickHouse ReplacingMergeTree doesn't work for streaming data
>There's a certain irony in your outrage at his failure to control his emotions, even as your own rage leads you to dream of hurting his family.

Wow, what bad take.

Are you willfully misinterpreting the parent commenter, or would you need some help understanding it?

Assuming it's the latter, here it is.

First, there's no outrage or rage. That's something you ascribe to the parent comment, and that's unwarranted.

Second, there's no dreaming of hurting [the teacher's] family.

The message was: it is important that this person should be relieved of teaching duties, with the full understanding of the gravity of such an action, as being fired from one's job in the US puts the livelihood of the person being fired at risk.

See, the person you're responding to is empathetic, because they consider the impact of what they wish — the teacher being fired — on the teacher as well as others (the teacher's family), and don't take wishing something like that lightly.

Most people would stop at "bad job, fire him", without contemplating what it means for that person.

The parent commentor did, and is saying that, as grave as the consequences are for the teacher (and, potentially, his family, if the teacher is the sole breadwinner), it is still necessary to remove them from teaching because harm to children and violating the trust we put in instructors is unacceptable, and the damage they do in their position is far greater than the damage that would be done by firing them.

This is a compassionate and composed consideration.

Oh, and there'd be no irony about the parent's response even if they were raging, as they were not talking about the teacher's failure to control their emotions.

The issue is hurting children, which isn't something the parent commentor is decidedly NOT doing.

Hope this helps.
I agree with almost all your points, except two:

The US estate tax specifically got basically bigger exemptions every time it was touched (even adjusting for inflation), and returns have been falling precipitously for basically the last 25 years. If you own less than $13M at death, it does not affect you at all right now.

> The simple fact that if the US just seized all the wealth of 800+ billionaires today - it would only be worth 6.2 trillion dollars

Sure-- but I think this is a bit of a strawman. To me, and a lot of people that argue in favor of wealth/estate taxation, the purpose is not to substitute income taxes (like what Trump wants to achieve with tariffs)-- the goal is to get wealth inequality back under control, not to balance the government budget with those tax returns.

Another perspective on wealth distribution is that the top 1% own a third of the country. In my opinion, if you have enough wealth (and liquid enough wealth) to outright buy an average home at sticker price, then you are part of the problem;

I absolutely don't want to compete with people like that on the housing market, and I don't want them to extract excessive rents from people like me (i.e. not-1%ers) either, but thats exactly what happens right now.

> But there is certainly a spending problem too.

I don't really agree with this. I think (expected) government responsibilities have grown tremendously over the last century (mainly for good reason).

I'm confident in saying the the American-favored approach to healthcare ("everyone takes care of it on their own, and negotiates/pays for it by himself") has completely failed for IMO very clear reasons (demand for healthcare is inelastic and only government can force pricing transparency, prevent collusion and a generally fair provider-market in the first place-- obviously).

I'm also confident that shifting back more pension responsibilities onto citizens themselves is also a bad idea, because it creates extremely bad potential outcomes in case of an economic crash. Government providing a survivable social security baseline is just a very clearly good idea to me.

Those two points (healthcare + social security) account for the vast majority of government budget, I think they are basically a good idea, and cutting costs with foreign aid, research funding, environmental regulation/enforcement etc. has IMO neither the potential to save significantly in the first place, nor is it beneficial to do so by itself (I'd even go so far and call the whole doge initiative a thinly veiled propaganda department for the current administration).
Sorry if this sounds a bit dry, but I think the reason it's so popular is because it has a much more open-ended play space than almost all other child-friendly games, giving them the opportunities to set their own goals and practice structuring their own time without the finality of having an outside party set the win conditions (such as trophies/achievements). Sure, there are some of those things in the background, but it's an opportunity for kids to exercise executive creativity.
I built BloodTrack – AI-powered tool to track and visualize bloodwork
I built BloodTrack.au after years of manually logging my blood test results into Excel sheets while on TRT. It worked at first, but it quickly became messy and hard to interpret over time.

BloodTrack lets users upload their lab reports (PDF or image), then uses AI to extract key markers like testosterone, cholesterol, glucose, etc. The platform tracks trends, visualizes everything in a clean dashboard, and provides insights based on historical changes.

There’s a free plan if you’re curious — and I’d love feedback from the HN community on the product, UX, or even technical stack decisions.
Ex miner here (grasberg, Indonesia) - yes, we all had smartphones, at all times, and yes, we rarely had signal but if you went up to the surface / anywhere with signal, you would want your phone, so we all carried them.
> Ggp is not talking about structural typing,

Okay... but the reply was to the parent who questioned if the typing is static. It is by way of structural typing. The compiler enforces that the ducks, so to speak, are compatible. But as an empty interface has no constraints, all types are compatible. Whatever some other comment was talking about is irrelevant.

> but about sync.Pool type erasing

The type isn't erased...?

p := sync.Pool{New: func() interface{} { return 1 }}
fmt.Printf("%T", p.Get()) // Prints: int

> So you can put (and will retrieve) random garbage from it.

And you think that makes it dynamically typed? It does not.
Yeah he did the same in Public Enemies, lots of early 1930s bang bangs.