skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Virtually all of his wealth is in the stock of his companies.

He can't sell large amounts of stock in one go or it would trigger the price to crater.

Rich people with lots of wealth tied up in stocks will often borrow money from banks at low interest rates and use stock as collateral. This is common knowledge.

If the stock dips too much, the bank can call in the loan/make him put up more collateral, because the original collateral is worth less.

Elon does not have billions in cash or other liquid capital just sitting around. He would need to sell a lot of stock to see that money and that would cause him a lot of problems.
It's not an argument from authority fallacy if the authority is an authority in the respective argument.

'How dare you cast doubt' is pretty valid when you're an anonymous poster on HN casting doubt on tenured professors from some of the most prestigious universities in the world.
this really pisses me off because about 5-6 months ago I was doing an interview for a job that of course I did not get because old, and I talked about an instagram / branding startup thing I was the CTO of and main programmer in 2014 and how I made this build system to make sure that css classes and JavaScript objects were properly namespaced and how we made sure there was no potential collisions and the way we made sure exactly what scripts needed to be loaded on the page based on which of our widgets were on the 3rd party client site etc. etc. and at the end of it the guy interviewing me said dismissively there are tools that do that and everybody does that nowadays which I sort of had to agree they probably did because who knows, I'm not really doing that thing any more, and now it turns out they don't even.

on edit: fixed some grammar
Maybe I'm off the mark here, but in my mind the definition of subtype is as follows: t1 is a subtype of t2 if any instance of t1 is an instance of t2. Surely with this definition String is a subtype of String?. Every instance of String (i.e. every string) is an instance of String?, after all.

Post-submit clarity edit: Ah, I think I understand. You're objecting to OP's definition of subtyping, as it breaks down for certain language implementations.
I suppose they're concerned so many people are blindly installing Grammarly without a sandbox.

I'm concerned too, but from the angle that writing on the internet is becoming less human, more robot protocol. Even when it's from humans.

As if bots weren't enough of a problem, imagine when social media is just people clicking on buttons: "write a funny response", "write a comment in disagreement", "write 'same'", etc.
We can tell a lot about their food sources, trade partners, economics, size of communities and civic centers, (material culture) but not much about politics, religion, folklore and class conflict.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_culture
You can dress it up in "financial alchemy" like any hedge fund, but it doesn't disguise the fact that the last person to carry that can is going to lose a lot of very real money.
It does.. I know postgrest is like this though
You are describing Nim.
> so this should be a pretty uncontroversial minor rules update

My kind of humor.

Always found it an interesting aspect of chess that the most "common sense" rules (Players take turns; no skipping; one move per turn) result in the most unintuitive outcomes and a massive increase in complexity: Suddenly you can reason about the pieces a player won't be able to move in a turn, you can double-bind players, you get draws where its provably impossible for any player to win, etc.

(In that sense, chess is a bit like the IntercalScript language earlier today: All features are superficially reasonable and in the service of simplicity, yet result in the weirdest outcomes)

Wouldn't all this be gone for chess without turns?

Or would strategies become even more intricate, e.g. taking into account the minimum time you'd require to physically move a piece?
Increasing the p doesn't seem appealing to me, but playing with this, I found that I'm actually quite fond of decreasing p to a value in between (1, 2) to be quite nice for having a curve make a sharper turn.

I couldn't find a name for this curve, but I propose "hypohyperbola".

https://www.desmos.com/calculator/v5aphhnt9s
I was thinking the same. The hyperbola (and super hyperbola) are more about negative space.
I Can't Track You? We'll Have to Break Up
-an into copilot, an a tighter localmachine lockdown. and subscription apps
They are still cheap compared to building and supporting cars, space rockets and moderating social media and maintaining a ad delivery network.
Here is a link to NASA's story: https://science.nasa.gov/blog/shocking-spherules/
The biggest problem with browser extensions is that the source code (both css and javascript) is not easy to read/check.

There should be an easy "view source" for extensions inside Chrome and extensions should be mandated to ship non-minimized code.
MoonBit lang is probably closer. Beautiful language.
I think that ship sailed so long ago it’s done a few circumnavigations already.
I’m pretty sure that’s the origin of the term
This is my problem with Scala. Too many fancy things hidden behind text with no meaning. Why the hell is this ‘r’ instead of something with a name that has meaning like toRegex?
Why assume fraud?
String <: String? is true (Any non-null string is a possibly null string), but String? <: String isn’t true (Any possibly null string may not be a non-null string).
The models themselves belong to the companies that make the software EDA tools for circuit simulation, i.e. Synopsys, Cadence, Siemens (ex Mentor).

While the models used in commercial EDA tools are based on those published by academic research, they may have various secret tweaks.

What belongs to the foundries, e.g. TSMC, Samsung, Intel, UMC, Global Foundries etc., or to the in-house semiconductor plants of certain companies, are the values of the model parameters, which are determined by fabricating and measuring a lot of test devices.

The foundries provide the model parameters to their customers included in the so-called Process Design Kits. For each semiconductor device fabrication process there is a PDK.

In order to design some custom integrated circuit, you need to obtain the PDK and install it in your simulation tools.

Unfortunately, the foundries with up-to-date fabrication processes keep secret their PDKs. Otherwise many people could attempt to design something like a CPU competitive with Intel, because unlike for fabrication, for design all you need is a computer and time.

Attempting to design a CPU using one of the obsolete PDKs that are available publicly, which are at the level used for CPUs like Pentium 4, more than 20 years ago, is futile, because the optimal design choices are very different for such ancient CMOS fabrication processes, in comparison with modern processes, so you would not learn more from that experience than when targeting an FPGA.
The is answer the GP was looking for, thank you.
Step 1. Identify the political obstacles in your way.

Step 2. Use conservative media to make people hate those things.

Step 3. Get elected on the basis of manufactured hate.

Step 4. Get rid of your political obstacles.

Since the Southern Strategy, American conservativism has been encouraging and weaponizing hate for votes.

And since the gutting and exiling of mainstream conservatives ~2019+, it's fair to say they're now primarily a party of hate. (Both in their elected officials and supporters)

It isn't about actual slights against conservatives by liberals -- at this point those are only rhetorical cover for doing what they want to politically.
From a Computer Engineering background, it's just as convoluted when you start talking about hardware design. There's a reason every 2 generations Intel ends up rearranging their socket, and it's not all just because they want you to buy new CPUs. It's because all the sudden this section of the CPU needs more power and the previous pin wasn't enough.

The reason things shift for software is because they can and because there's no 1 "right" solution to almost any problem. There's no 1 correct way to represent data. And when we've tried to do that in the past (see SOAP) it ends up in a wild spaghetti mess of standards that tend to hamper development rather than speed it up.

There's also the very real problem that users of software LOVE to work around standards to the point where they create their own standards that ultimately end up needing to be supported in software. I can't tell you the number of times a "description" field in some set of data has ultimately ended up needing special handling in our data normalization process because an end user has decided "When I mark foo with this, it's actually a bar and the system needs to handle it slightly differently". To which our POs are happy to oblige. Often because software we didn't write is what the users are interacting with to send us data and the "description" field is the only thing they have the power to change.
I think the ass speaks for itself
I'm a bit late to respond here but in case you're checking replies: Camille Fournier's book The Manager's Path is enjoyable to read and covers exactly this
The Pizza Lab: How to Make Vegan Pizzas That Work (2019)
I agree that we don't live up to the title of "software engineering", and it's not a mistake that software is uniquely complex, but all the same this advanced degree of complexity doesn't preclude a culture of engineering. See the user and know your abilities (including limitations). That is what engineers are called on for. And when ethics comes knocking, know that there are not just users but stakeholders.
Show HN: MCP Server for Turkish Dictionary
These may be sold as points for microservices but in the end are wishful thinking. No microservice can turn statefulness into stateless, the state still needs to be handled somewhere.
Microservices also do not magically improve uptime or anything.
First, 'proof' is the wrong word to use here. That aside...

Sure, let me read the paper for you, why not.

>Given the wide range of inter- and intra-species variation of plant structural and mechanical properties, and that such physical properties could influence the functionality of a constructed tool, we hypothesize that the structural and mechanical properties of plant material may be a selection criterion used by chimpanzees when making their tools.

>Our results indicate that the mechanics of plant tissues are a factor in selecting materials for the construction of termite fishing probes by Gombe chimpanzees, notably low EI and reduced E. The selection of tool materials based on specific physical properties has already been described in the use of stone tools by nonhuman primates.7,8,11,12,61 Our research therefore extends the technological knowhow of wild chimpanzees to their toolmaking behavior.

You'll forgive me if I don't paste the whole paper in here, it's pretty long, and full of math formulas.
The number of employees you hire is seen as a proxy for growth and future earnings and revenue. With AI the argument is that you can grow with less staff.
I suppose xAI could already use the data from X, but anyway. X is a cesspool of vile hate and bots. Why would you want to train a AI on that?
It seems quite good!
Show HN: Tokiwi – An online tokenizer for any Hugging Face model
Hey HN,

Like (perhaps?) many of you working with different open-weight LLMs, I often find myself wanting a quick way to check token counts for specific Hugging Face models without having to write a Python script each time. I often find myself googling something like "online Qwen tokenizer" and coming up empty-handed.

So, I built Tokiwi (https://tokiwi.dev), the online tokenizer I've been looking for.

What it does:
- You paste your text.
- You enter any model repository ID from Hugging Face (like `google/gemma-3-27b-it`, `deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3-0324`, etc.).
- It fetches the tokenizer from HF and shows you the token count and the list of tokens.
- It also supports gated models if you provide your HF token (handled securely via the backend, not stored).

It's pretty straightforward right now. Built with Next.js on Vercel for the frontend and a FastAPI backend running on Modal (https://modal.com/). Under the hood I'm using the `transformers` library.

I'm thinking about adding support for proprietary models (Claude, Gemini) or even a simple API if there's interest.

I'm also thinking about offering prompt compression via LLMLingua (https://github.com/microsoft/LLMLingua).

Would love to get your feedback. Is this useful for anyone else? What's missing?

Thanks for your time!
If we don't use some metric we're no better than animals.
As a member of Gen Z myself I can validate our generation is in a grim shape. Very few of us can still read properly, many with broken bs detectors, and fewer yet with an understanding of history. In the software professions especially this is a problem; with the embrace now of vibe coding being exemplary of the great confidence in mechanisms they do not understand fully, to the extent that they would trust what it writes without reading it. Such things would work for experienced technicians who see this as rote, but for such inexperienced people, they should not yet assume they know what correct looks like in many cases. This is not to say that there are some truly talented people, but in my work rehabilitating codebases, especially in the post AI era, this has become a big issue. Many are not aware of moral issues like that with Therac-25, and I pray we are not to replay such incidents.
https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/26/sport/hans-niemann-denies-sex...
When Science Went Modern (2016)
How do you re-home a rhino by helicopter? Upside down
Quipu cord research is difficult, because their Rosetta Stone is a Gordian Knot.
Listen to Weather Satellites–Or the Universe–With the Versatile Discovery Dish
I think it's a nod to the controversy he alluded to in the previous sentences, which exposed some more unorthodox cheating strategies. You can read about it in the link.
Considering the biggest difference between the kernels is the lack of dual issue instructions (an AMD specific innovation). I'd bet on the latter.
- Access your data for all websites
- Display notifications to you
- Access browser tabs

> They could also, you know, not inject their code into every web page ever, unless the extension is actually used?

I guess we know why Grammarly never has any problems raising more funding.
To put it in perspective, over the past 6 months TSLA has performed as well as META and much better than GOOG and MSFT.
Can LLMs help with math research questions?
A Near-Miss with a City-Killer Asteroid Highlights Gaps in Earth's Defenses
That's the most thorough, well-written, and not overly dry history of the acquisition saga.
My take would be that “they” are all of the people for whom learning to program gives a false sense of overall ability. It doesn’t follow that building a solid software product means you know how to build bridges, or fix social problems. But “they” seem to think it does. A tendency among the very young perhaps, but the hubris of the technogist is widely remarked upon.
If buying isn't owning then piracy can't be stealing.
Certainly neat, especially the SFP port and Ethernet port next to the display ports.

- How much will it cost?

- How compatible will it be with existing AI assets (eg models, code for training and inference)?

- Will there have to be a translation layer between RISC and CISC (eg my CPU)? What’s the performance penalty?

- Will I actually be able to get one, or is this for “enterprise” customers only, who must buy a minimum of 100 at a time?
Today it’s primarily porn site where you can also discuss sports and post Nazi memes while getting flooded with crypto scams.

There’s also a dwindling number of Silicon Valley influencers who still maintain the old pretense that it’s a globally important news forum and a place for serious people to interact. They’re an island in a rising sea of shit.
Discussions (170 points, 17 hours ago, 167 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43511073

(221 points, 13 hours ago, 227 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43512660
Linear regression is literally the second lecture of the Stanford ML class. https://cs229.stanford.edu/

If you want to say "not neural networks" or not dnn or not llm, sure. But it's obviously machine learning
Thank you. Some variation of Circuit Tracing[1] is what I was thinking of. It would be useful to visualize the tokens effect on inference in real time, and tweak the input parameters, individual tensor weights, etc., and watch the inference collapse on a different result (does output of LLMs need to be next token based? Would larger, pre trained/synthesized tokens with known and expected output allow for faster inference, or is this simply tool calling?)

I understand LLMs and ML models are not linear functions but, they are functions (no?) and some complex higher level math can be grasped intuitively when visualized.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43495585

Edit: thoughts.
Makes me wonder if you can use this to hijack their plugin. At the very least you should be able to inject text into it, but you can probably render a pretty little login form as well, abusing the trust the user has in their extension. Is injecting elements into a document controlled by others really safe?
Does anybody know if this is a case of "missing supervision", i.e. a drone apprentice was given excessive publishing powers, or the fault in common sense is at management level? Does anybody know how that structure works?

--

Edit: coincidence revealed, minutes later, in the 'new' pages: could this be what started the avalanche (in absence, as said, of brains to guard against damage), https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43515869

# ChatGPT is turning everything into Studio Ghibli art - and it got weird fast

https://www.theverge.com/openai/636529/images-chatgpt-openai...

> It didn’t take long for the trend to go full chaos mode. Nothing is sacred: the Twin Towers on 9/11, JFK’s assassination, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang signing a woman’s chest, President Donald Trump’s infamous group photo with Jeffrey Epstein, and even OpenAI CEO Sam Altman’s congressional testimony have all been reimagined with that distinctive Ghibli whimsy
>For me the biggest gap in programming languages is a rust like language with a garbage collector, instead of a borrow checker.

I cannot agree more that's the much needed sweet spot/Goldilock/etc. Personally I have been advocating this approach for some times. Apparently the language is already widely available and currently has stable and wide compiler support including the venerable GNU compiler suite (GDC). It also one of the fastest, if not the fastest programming in existence for both compilation and execution [1].

It has been beating Fortran in its number crunching territory, no small feat given the Fortran pedigree with many languages still depending on Fortran based infrastructure for their number crunching capabilities including Matlab, Julia, Rust, Go, C, C++, etc [2].

It also has a nice bulti-in REPL system due to its very fast compilation and execution [3].

For an excellent overview of D programming language please check this presentation at ACCU conference [4].

[1] D website:

https://dlang.org/

[2] Numeric age for D: Mir GLAS is faster than OpenBLAS and Eigen:

http://blog.mir.dlang.io/glas/benchmark/openblas/2016/09/23/...

[3] Why I use the D programming language for scripting (2021):

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36928485

[4] How DLang Improves my Modern C++ and Vice Versa - Mike Shah - ACCU 2024:

https://youtu.be/CnKsOak0DHU
I don't know, but I don't think I agree with you. In fact, I've never heard either party ever say that the stock market going down is a good thing.

Besides all that, Trump is president right now and the Republicans control the government. While being in control right now, Republicans are presiding over the loss of trillions of dollars of wealth, despite claiming the be the party of fiscal responsibility. I think that's turned out to be something of a lie. Trump says he is a financial wizard, and that doesn't seem to help. Trump says he will build America into a golden age and lower prices on day 1.

Nothing like this is happening. It just doesn't add up.
Apocalypto by Mel Gibson did a great job of imprinting a visual image of pre-Columbian Aztecs. The tribe of villagers in the movie was depicted as peaceful, but I think it's only through limited observation time and in contrast with the brutal Aztecs. Otherwise I bet even those villagers were more like we observe the Papua New Guinea tribes of today, routinely mounting some expedition of murdering and pillaging the neighbouring village.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_rejhUV0A0
> At work we have a lot of sentry errors related to browser extensions doing weird stuff.

Are you referring to the "Object captured as exception" error which Sentry refuses to give any guidance on? We just end of filtering these out client-side.
would it need to be distinguishable from the general term (tomato)?
The people who source no-name/random-name computer/networking hardware off of AliExpress to use for routers aren't the security-conscious people I'm talking about.

As I said, GL.iNet is a popular company.

I didn't say that having a Wikipedia page proves that a company is legitimate.

I know how Wikipedia works.
Buddha's Layer Stack
Did you know Buddhism describes a “layer stack” of the mind, complete with a loss/reward function—much like AI and machine learning?

Back in 2015, my friend Brian Fenton and I published an AI article (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-21365-1_...) at AGI Berlin conference on a cognitive architecture with self-models at multiple levels—allowing AI to reflect on its own states and capabilities. But since we wrote it in highly technical language for an AI audience, it flew under the radar.

Today, I have published an article on the same topic—this time from a Buddhist perspective (https://medium.com/@frankber/buddhas-layer-stack-software-ar...). This approach lets me explore introspection and consciousness, ideas that don’t always fit within the constraints of scientific papers.
Is it me or does every time SoftBank get involved in anything it is a clear sign of bubble and oodles of over valuations where early folks get bailed out and later ones are left holding the bag? I'm not even talking about wework. Others who SB invested in saw a crater in valuation after IPO and had to spend years recovering.
You're making the assumption that every kernel developer has enough AMD GPUs from different eras that they can test their ifdefs on all the possible ISAs.
Did you account for crypto scammers in your theory ?

Aren't most crypto scammers from developed countries ?

It can be argued that POTUS himself is a crypto scammer.
The difference is conservatives voices were always the ones getting the most exposure online. Their whining back then was purely political and completely unfounded. And now that they're in power and actively censoring people, it should be apparent to all how this constant appeal to free speech and the 1st amendment was deeply hypocritical.
I have a love (mainly) and hate (tiny bit) relationship with burpsuite. It would be really nice if there was competition. The last time I looked at ZAP (a while ago) it was still a chaotic clone of burp that didn't seem very promising.