skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I agree. The "container" intuition for Monads leaves you stuck when you try to contemplate IO (or even Promises, these days), because the "bind" operator looks like it does something impossible: extract "the" `a` from the `IO a`, when you have no idea what it is. (Trust me, I spent a long time stuck at this point.) Better to think of Monad as "Applicative + join" (you need Applicative to get `pure`).

If you think of Monads in terms of `fmap` + `join :: Monad m => m (m a) -> m a`, then you don't need to imagine an "extraction" step and your intuition is correct across more instances. Understanding `join` gives you an intuition that works for all the monads I can think of, whereas the container intuition only works for `Maybe` or `Either e` (not even `[]`, even though it _is_ a container). You can define each of `>>=`/`join`/`>=>` in terms of `pure` + any of the other two, and it is an illuminating exercise to do so. (That `class Monad` defines `>>=` as its method is mostly due to technical GHC reasons rather than anything mechanical.)
> I'm almost certainly treading ground well explored by others

This is a good thing.
One requires smoothed pathways to run!
I’m finishing several esolangs for the first artist’s monograph of programming languages, out in Sept: https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262553087/forty-four-esolangs/ including a hands-free (and not dictated) language.

I recently completed Valence: a language with polysemantic programs https://danieltemkin.com/Esolangs/Valence on GitHub: https://github.com/rottytooth/Valence

Older work includes Folders: code written as a pattern of folders: https://github.com/rottytooth/Folders , Entropy: where data decays each time it’s read from or written to: http://entropy-lang.org/ and Olympus: where code is written as prayer to Greek gods, who may or may not carry out your wishes: https://github.com/rottytooth/Olympus (a way to reverse the power structure of code, among other things).

I have three more to complete in the next few months.
I'm working on a VS Code extension, so I don't have to write code

https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Ridvay.r...
> Remarkably, the longest fence in the world was built and is maintained for a single purpose: to protect Australia’s pastoral heartlands from the depredations of a canine.

I thought it was built to keep rabbits out?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit-proof_fence
An intuition of monads built on "flattening" nested layers of `m` is easier to teach and works for more monads.
This is not great based on the potential exposure, but also not the end of the world. You’re free to your opinion of course wrt severity and impact, but folks aren’t going to leave GitHub over this in any material fashion imho. They had a failure, they will recover from it and move on. It’s certainly not PR from me, I don’t work for nor have any financial interest in GH or MS. I am a security person though, these are my opinions based on doing this for ~10 years (I am consistently exposed to security gore in my work), and we likely have an expectations disconnect.

As a customer, I’m not going to lose sleep over it. I’m going to document for any audits or other governance processes and carry on. I operate within "commercially reasonable" context for this work. Security is just very hard in a Sisyphus sort of way. We cannot not do it, but we also cannot be perfect, so there is always going to be vigorous debate over what enough is.
I think Oracle can do a couple of things slightly better than others (db performance/features), which seems to be all it takes to be forever entrenched and unmovable in an enterprise/legacy codebase.

I don't think this class of customers care much about OSS. Vendor costs are an accepted business expense, passed onto customers, funded by tax dollars. Why would these big players dance around trying to get what they need from OSS when there's this "tried and true" vendor already proven.

Sure they're greasy, unhelpful, extorters... but hey... "this is big business baby! You gotta tango with the big boys if you wanna play ball in this field, bucko" :_)
I think part of it is that ubiquitous internet access.

Take that away so you have a standalone computer that you "run programs on" and it becomes simpler.
> Anyway, the first step was to remove all of the gray and near-gray walls.

> The main living room is painted in Benjamin Moore Bradstreet Beige HC-48

I'm not sure that going from gray to beige is that much of an improvement :P
A platform for indie devs to publish WIP web games: (https://flipkick.gg)

The goal is to build a discovery system/algo that surfaces stickiness and fun to give developers a tighter publish/iterate feedback loop so they can really hone their craft on a shorter time frame.

If you have a prototype of a game that can be hosted as a static frontend web rotting away in your "projects/" directory feel free to toss it up on the site. Bugs beware :)
Do you have any reason to believe this brand new github account is the same person?
And what difference to end user it makes where exactly the key/value data is stored? No real difference whether the data is HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\MyAppName or com.my.app when you're trying to coerce some internals whose configuration is not exposed because you're not worthy of it
It's a shame that the `MISA` CSR is in the 'Privileged Architecture' spec, otherwise you could just check bit 21 for 'V', but that appears to only be available in the highest privilege machine-mode.

Presumably your OS could trap attempts to read the CSR and allow it, but if not then it's a fatal error and your program shits the bed, otherwise you rely on some OS-specific way of getting that info at runtime.
libpango's removal of bitmapped fonts in 2019 did serious harm to retro theming.
Greek Language Question
I hope you never have a guest that connects it when you're not aware.
Out of the frying pan, into the fire. Exposing your parents to total surveillance (from one corp to another) is not what I'd characterize as safe or friendly. Linux is fine these days if the hardware is supported, and you can use an immutable distro if extra reliability is warranted.
Here you go, you can pick one of the several hundred articles written about the topic over the past 3-4 years from the world's oldest, more reputable and foremost news gathering/journalism organizations.

https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-e&channel=ent...
I kinda hate many current game names, I prefer this. Otherwise, making a current_year name is easy: noun adjective: noun. How about "Dark Kingdom: Multitude"?
I made a show shuffler that shuffles shows in order
I have a bunch of (legally) ripped shows. I use VLC to watch them. I like to make big playlists full of many shows like a TV channel.

I hate the fact that when I shuffle, the shows end up in any old order. I could have S8E2 right before S1E1. Not cool.

So I made one that shuffles shows but maintains episode order between them, and takes number of episodes in each show into account to get an even spread so the playlist feels the same throughout. If a show has a ton of episodes it will show up more. Less shows up less. All my testing resulted in the top of the list looking almost identical to the bottom of the list. Mission accomplished.

It works by deploying symlinks to a playlist folder, all named 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. Slap all those symlinks in the VLC playlist and you got yourself a TV channel.

I made it for me, so it's designed for a specific file layout. It could be easily adapted to fit other organization methods.

I have plans to expand on it. I want to add functionality to detect multi-part episodes and keep them together, as well as some kind of "too many of one show in a row" feature.
And that he went missing and the university removed his data.
>I never see the people demanding we ban fluoride also demand we ban cars,

Perhaps you could take a dive into the youtubes, and find "crash detectives" (Welsh-based, so you may have to put captions on), but none of those professionals check for mouthwash.

Haha, some [police forces] do.
It will get you the correct answer, not a solution. Once again it’s a terrible example, I don’t know why you used it. It’s certainly not a gotcha
Well said, believe this is it
It's almost like the wall screen from 1984.
No problem, I have the same question. I'd like to know if it's "old people can't be good at the job" or "we can't afford experienced people". In my experience, it's more the latter.
So weird to me that this blog post is on linkedin and clicking your link opened the linkedin app on my phone
Wouldn't "murder victim" be the Occam's razor explanation? We know his wife is still living in the house. We also know that statistically speaking your spouse is the person most likely to murder you. I'm not going to say anything more than that because the obvious next statement would be one that is based entirely on speculation, but it takes a lot less speculation than all these ridiculous James Bond fanfics I'm seeing.
I couldn't find your Privacy Policy so I didn't register. Did I miss it?
> I'm more of a builder and if wager pg considers himself one, and I assume the majority of authentic HN users are builders. However I suspect the majority of people are maintainers.

A dichotomy like "builder"/"maintainer" just doesn't make sense to me anymore.

Let's take software as example:

- Is someone that pushes their project from version 1.2.1 to 1.4.7 a "builder"?

- Are Linux contributors "builders"?

- Is someone porting CLI Y to rust a "builder"?

- Is someone that wraps a GenAI LLM into a web app a "builder"?

- Is someone in offensive security a "builder" of something?

...or let's ask it differently:

- Is performance optimization "maintenance"?

- Is the fix that prevents a user of your software from accomplishing their task "maintenance"?

- Is the work on a solid infrastructure, one that brings your time to resolution (TTR) closer to zero, the work of a "maintainer"?

- Is a dependency upgrade in your project the work of a "maintainer"?

Everybody builds and maintains all the time, and every artifact once built is in need of maintenance. Technological advancements will always be a collective effort through some form of feedback. Whether you're (re-)building something frequently [0] or advancing through maintenance [1], both are just categories of equal practice.

[0]: https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/how-japan-makes-houses...

[1]: https://worksinprogress.co/issue/the-maintenance-race/
That’s on you for using Windows.
Danger probably primarily varies with capacity, production quality etc., not form factor (disassembled or assembled into a device), sure.

I'm not saying that current regulations of lithium batteries make sense; my argument is that the actual threat from lithium batteries seems larger than that of devices not in airplane mode (i.e. somewhere around zero).
it’ll be the beginning of a campaign to buy US batteries rather than ‘cheap explosive’ Chinese ones
I don't think this story is overtly political.
I've been putting together a no-nonsense free invoice generator, for people (like myself) that only occasionally send invoices. It's more-or-less a WYSIWYG editor, and the state is stored in the URL, so you don't have to worry about keeping track of where you stored your copy - if you've sent someone an email with the link, you've got a copy. This project was born out of the frustration of trying to generate an invoice on my phone on the go, I found all the existing solutions to be quite awful (forced signups to paid subscriptions, clunky interface etc).

Would love to hear any feedback the HN crowd has. I'm aware of a couple of alignment issues, will fix them up tonight. Also, yes, there will be a "generate PDF" button, for now if you want a pdf I'd suggest using the Print dialog to "Save as PDF".

https://bestfreeinvoice.com
Even on gnome, I regularly have applications stealing focus when they decide they're the most important thing. As well as being really annoying, it's a security risk if an application steals focus while you're typing your password or otp key
It'd be good to know what colour space the effects are done in and how the blending modes affect that. I guess this is not targeted at people who are pedantic about colour science but I am a sucker for it. (Also if you can come up with a methodology that follows physical light properties then you may not need so many options, it will look good "by default".)
> And then one release Applicative was made the superclass of Monad.

After months of mailing list discussion and committee meetings. This is my go-to example for why I'd like a language with a push-out lattice of theories (path-independent accumulation of types, operators, laws). This should ideally "just work", no committees needed. Coding with math-like tight locality.

> This historical accident has, IMO, made the language harder to teach.

As LLM refactoring continues to improve, perhaps instead of current "here's an alternate prelude which cleans up historical mess for teaching", we might get to "here's a global refactoring of cabal and open docs to ..."?
Myself. I recorded and livestreamed about 1000 hours of my life last year. Think Google Photos but filling in the gaps. I use AI to generate daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly summaries.

https://www.kenwarner.com/p/how-was-your-2024
I just released an iPhone app called "KIN: Family Calendar" (https://www.kincalendar.com/). It is a Voice-first, AI-Native Shared Family Calendar. Actually, it is simply a replacement for Fridge Calendar. It solves one problem really well:

Capture everything going on in the Family.

Let me elaborate. Families attempt to use a Shared Calendar when things get hectic, but they don't capture everything going on, because most of these events are just too tedious to enter into a traditional Calendar. Voice Assistants are not tailored to capture the kinds of Events that families have. Examples below. So, families either don't use a Calendar, or one person in the family ends up spending too much time keeping everything in sync.

Examples of flexible events that KIN can handle:
1. Aditi has School board meeting on second Tuesday of every month.
2. Aadi has chess on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 6 to 7, and Saturdays at 11.
3. Rushi has after-school Soccer every Wednesday starting April 3rd, for 10 weeks.
4. Create events from Screenshots or Photos.

Coming in next Release:
- Send Reminders to other members in the Family! e.g, Remind Aditi to pick up Rushi from School tomorrow at 3 pm.
I think it's more that the Navy isn't constrained by Nimby's and anti-nuclear lobbyists.
With all the speculation, how do we know the US government 'disappeared' him. He's originally from China. How do we know that the Chinese government didn't do this (which is known to happen) and now the FBI is involved to find out what happened?
> …these friendships used to be seen as a sign of loneliness or other problems…

> One study found that Japanese children played with their personified objects more during the pandemic than they had beforehand, suggesting an increased role for these imaginary companions during times of isolation…

So lonely isolated kids turn to imaginary friends more often. But imaginary friends are not a sign of loneliness.

Right.
I’ve been building https://lowlow.bot, it tracks price changes on any website. I was inspired by https://camelcamelcamel.com, but wanted something that worked for more than just Amazon.

It’s been handy for big purchases I’m ok waiting for and stocking up on recurring non-perishable essentials when they go on sale. It also lets me know when something has come back in stock.
I loved it when lecturers made the PowerPoint slides available before the lecture, as it meant I could read the slides ahead of time and thus keep up in the lecture. It made it easier to take meaningful notes.

I'm somewhat convinced that the average person can't sit and listen to someone talk for more than 20 minutes straight without their mind wandering. If a lecture is non interactive, then just make it available in written form and use that lecture time for seminars instead.
Living a particular lifestyle and wanting to raise your kids there is a deliberate activity.
Not a critique, but:

Wouldn't using this software constitute a crime if using it to "appear as literally anyone"?

IIRC, the have been news stories in the EU about people receiving prison sentences for creating deepfakes, although maybe it was related to adult material. But impersonation and defamation is likely covered similarly. I'd assume that all it takes is for single viewer to believe it, to legally qualify as an act of impersonation.
They make it seem like it does, but tech savvy people and those who read the screen thoroughly can easily create an offline only account without ever connecting or creating an online Microsoft account.
Another user said they have a court date in September and posted this link:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizio#Legal_issues
Though not terribly impactful, I will not be taking any work trips to the US anymore and will be working on cutting out spending on US tech companies.
Remote workers tend to have/want laptops, and you just can't fit all the raw footage for a film on a couple of tb SSD...

Not would you want to, because one untrustworthy employee could leak all the footage.
To be fair, belts and phones aren’t the same things. Belts are popular now because wearing them is barely an inconvenience compared to the improvement in safety - abstaining from phones is way harder for the average person.
Let's wait for further details to emerge before jumping to conclusions.
Awesome! Have you considered pyodide[1]? Pydantic uses this for sandboxing its AI agents [2].

1. https://pyodide.org/en/stable/
2. https://ai.pydantic.dev/mcp/run-python/
I was unclear. I meant monitoring what you watch. Basically all of them do it. Samsung, LG, Sony, etc [1].

[1] https://www.zdnet.com/home-and-office/home-entertainment/how...
> people who don't know Rust and are coming from traditional OO languages.

Should those people be learning Any in the first place initially as an introduction to the language? How similar to `unsafe` is `Any` in terms of "try to avoid it"?
I wish I could delete that comment. Time to log off.
Kilpi: Open-source authorization framework for TypeScript applications
Hi, my name is Jussi.

I am the author of Kilpi, a new open source authorization library for Typescript applications.

It is an opinionated library, that solves real problems for applications. It considers all aspects of authorization: queries, mutations, redacting data, changing your UI, defining policies, ABAC, RBAC, ReBAC...

I've created over a dozen applications throughout my career, and struggled with building a scalable authorization solution every time.

This is until I built my own company, Inclusive Mobility and decided to finally create a robust, scalable authorization solution. It ended up being so good, I decided I had to open source and release it to the public.

I'd love to hear your opinions on application authorization, how you do it and whether you think Kilpi is the right tool for the job.
Thanks! Yes, OmniTools is fully static, which makes it easy to self-host.
I appreciate the suggestions! Base64, hex, QR codes, ASCII, and binary conversions are definitely useful, and many of them are planned. Polynomial regression and equation solvers are also great ideas. I’ll look into lightweight libraries to integrate them.
Will look into pocket ref.
I visited colleagues in the U.K. and France a couple of weeks ago over spring break. Definitely interesting to compare grading approaches with ours here in the US. Both still have end of the semester in class exams which count for a large majority of the grade.

Things I really appreciated: in the U.K. model - the professors job is not to teach; instead they provide reading material/assignments via which the student will learn by themselves. In the French model grades are out of 20. I asked what fraction of their students get a 20/20 in a class every year, and they looked at me confused - “Students never get a 20/20. A good grade is a 16/20!”.

In France, tuition is essentially free. I think expecting every student to finish in 4 years is a huge loss compared to my experience at big state school in the late 90’s where people routinely did 5 or 6 years. I think we can widespread meaningful learning, accurate grades, and fixed duration programs, but not all 3!
Making a POC of a railway scheduling system.
Should be linked at the bottom of our landing page. Thanks for taking a look!
The Haitian response to the circumstances would rightly be called a genocide today. Perhaps a bit more than simply “fighting back” led to the reaction.
The idea of sports drinks is that you can drink them without getting water poisoning. This is only a concern if you need a lot of water because you've been sweating a lot, but I thought that was the scenario you were pointing to.
I might eat more when I'm depressed. But just because I went out and ate a big meal on a Friday night doesn't mean I'm depressed.
...and why use LLMs specifically?

In many cases, other methods run faster/scale better/use less energy.
Making a POC of a carbon accounting product.
When you’re an ACM Fellow, an IEEE Fellow, and an AAAS Fellow, you’re impressive.
Personally I would say it muddies the water for me, as "container" has strong connotations in other directions.

But then I've never thought the concept of a pure function to be particularly difficult, despite growing up on procedural languages.

It's other bits that I struggle with when it comes to functional programming.
I recently made a joke invoice generator to bill my friends for fake stuff, https://jokeinvoice.com.
I'm reminded of Amazon's meeting rule where the first 15 minutes are devoted to reading any documents because it's assumed no one did it ahead of the meeting. This is a problem in the workplace as well.
Building a knowledge graph where AI/ML is used to classify nodes (entity type). Next step is to extract data deterministically. https://github.com/pixlie/PixlieAI

There is a crawler to chase given objective and crawl/store web page results. We use Claude Haiku and Brave Search API (own API keys) and we will support local models soon.

Potential use-cases are lead generation, competitor search, product tracking, contracts search.
> use rockets to slowly launch the waste into space. We can already design a storage capsule that can survive re-entry.

Do you have a source in mind for this claim? Even if a capsule could survive reentry, surely it wouldn't survive impact.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43520384

Again, do you have an example of the current value of a company, with similar circumstances, being based on the last round of funding?
https://wangxiaofeng7.github.io/ is far more interesting, but not as topical.

> Dr. Wang serves as Director and Lead PI of Center for Distributed Confidential Computing (CDCC), […] funded by the NSF. The project is a multi-institution effort [which] aims at laying the technological foundations for practical data-in-use protection based on Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) […]

My money is on it being related to BL32s and not to FP8s. But we’ll see.
Making a POC of a data governance product.
Watch out for DMCAs. They're, ah, not very fond of third-party development.

Best wishes,

The former developer of Bizarre Insights

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2yQXDFVRPQ
You just got a signup :) Free plan, I'll admit. I don't need or want anything other than email notifications, and the free plan for that is very generous. Thanks for building this.
Absolutely, but developers with that legitimate use for it can use the developer tools.
That’s not true.

A conforming implementation may chose to melt your computer - and you can choose to not use that implementation. But clang and gcc will never melt your Linux.

Once again, a real life example where that is relevant is an embedded device with no memory protection. If you overwrite a buffer you can overwrite the OS code - breaking your computer and requiring you to flash the memory.

It seems there is a lot of misguided accusations going around about who misunderstands UB.