skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> But how can a country not have something that represents a formal request for payment by some future time?

There are plenty countries where the vendor will charge the account of the customer, like a 'pull' mechanism. In many countries they'll use (or used) checks/cheques for that, or a different payment account like a credit card. The agreement for this would have been a contract. They may still use invoices for larger transactions, but they aren't always required by law.

I remember that in the old days, Google, Stripe, etc wouldn't send invoices, sometimes you'd get a minimal receipt message by email, but that was about it. This was particularly annoying for EU-based companies where there are minimal requirements for invoices and/or receipts.

Times have changed though. Most companies, including US-based, will now offer invoices that comply with most international regulations.

Except PayPal of course, for some reason they still seem to get away with not offering invoices. You'll have to download your monthly account overview in PDF from their merchant portal, and they just slapped the following text on it: "This statement may serve as a receipt for accounting and tax related purposes.".
> cynicism,

The cynicism comes from the fact that many people (including me) have decided to check out from what is going on in the world and instead focus on what we can control in our daily lives.

It also comes from the fact that in many countries the social contract is broken.

You are still expected to pay your taxes but the services provided are increasingly of bad quality such as schools,hospitals, judicial system and so on.

So much so in fact that it seems to me that this relationship that the people have with the state is becoming more and more one sided. Like in an abusive relationship of some sort.

Look at the number of people who don't bother to vote anymore because at the end of the day it does not make much difference to their lives.

There is profound sense of injustice in the world at the moment but it is being swept under the carpet.
Right.

I'm not sure this is fixable?

Or maybe there is widespread misunderstanding of the requirements in this scenario? But I also thought the rule was tough enough to require verifying that extra consent? Maybe it's not?

Truly confused here.
The Chuo Shinkansen is currently being built for a 505 km/h maximum speed & does use supercomducting magnets for that:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D_Shinkansen
How do you even get 5.2 billion unique users when the total population on the internet is 5.5 billion?

https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-populatio...
Tracking the State of the United States
Help me submit and document the happenings in the United States in 2025.
I paid for a month worth of credits to try it out, not this version but the previous and I depleted the credits really really fast, you really need to keep iterating a lot to get a good result tbh. You can see these generated clips here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpE-8scsOy0
People nowadays enrol onto philosophy degrees expecting to learn everything they need from insta and memes. Not even kidding.
Kagi for Kids
It's a mistake to think I advocate for encouraging corporal punishment as a first-line treatment for misbehavior. It's like a nuclear weapon: it should always be an option, but almost never the one exercised. I pointed out the single time in my life it was used, which I think was justified.
If you don't write a specification then any program would suffice.

We're at C23 now and I don't think that section has changed? Anyone know why the committee won't revisit it?

Is it purely, "pragmatism," or dogma? (Are they even distinguishable in our circles...)
The code is located here: https://github.com/robert-mcdermott/ai-knowledge-graph

An example knowledge graph it created is located here: https://robert-mcdermott.github.io/ai-knowledge-graph/
They often pay teachers really well and they give them a lot of autonomy. In contrast, the US pays teachers really poorly and gives them little autonomy. They also give kids better food, better classrooms, more access to supplies, and more opportunities for enrichment so there is something to reach for.

So if you want to replicate the european system you have to treat education like it's more than just a daycare, and you have to make teaching a prestigious professional job instead of babysitting with math. And you have to pay for it.
Temporary action tokens have full write by default; you have to explicitly opt for a read-only version.

> Read and write permissions
> Workflows have read and write permissions in the repository for all scopes.

If you read this line of the documentation (https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-for-github-actio...) you might think otherwise:

> If the default permissions for the GITHUB_TOKEN are restrictive, you may have to elevate the permissions to allow some actions and commands to run successfully.

But I can confirm that in our GitHub organization "Read and write permissions" was the default, and thus that line of documentation makes no sense.
You've just made the the mistake I complained about. Let me edit your statement:

types of folks that constantly point out little details that only they themselves can seem to distinguish often are highly skilled.

I'm sure there plenty of things that you notice, that others just ignore you about (for the same reason you're ignoring them).

Hang around some cooks, and pay attention to what they notice. I also know some cooks that bullshit, so it isn't easy.
If you ask peolle whether they're stressed of course they say they are. But they are objectively living in less stressful times than parents in the years in which young men were sent off to die in the trenches, but their younger siblings and young children still got better educations than kids are getting today. So maybe self-reported parental stress isn't actually the issue. Maybe we need to accept the issue is low standards at every level of education and teachers being unwilling to teach basic grammar, spelling, arithmetic, etc. because they are seen as "old fashioned"?
Apple's recommendation (as posted) actually doesn't look like double consent to me - in fact, their recommendation calls out that it should be treated like a consent form (You shouldn't be able to exit the explanation page, only continue).

App Publishers have instead used the explanation page as a "soft" consent form, so they can bug you later without being disabled at the system level.
Ask HN: Isn't there a simpler way to run LLMs / models locally?
Hi everyone,

I'm currently exploring a project idea : *create an ultra-simple tool for launching open source LLM models locally, without the hassle, and I'd like to get your feedback.*

### The current problem:

I'm not a dev or into IT or anything, but I've become fascinated by the subject of local LLMs , but running an LLM model on your own PC can be a real pain in the ass :

Installation and hardware compatibility.

Manual management of models and dependencies.

Interfaces often not very accessible to non-developers.

No all-in-one software (internet search, image generation, TTS, etc.).

Difficulty in choosing the right model for one's needs, so you get the idea.

I use LM studio, which I think is the simplest, but I think you can do a lot better than that.

### The idea :

A software / app that lets you install and use in 1 click, for everyone.

Download and fine-tune a model easily.

Automatically optimize parameters according to hardware.

Create a pretty, intuitive interface.

Anyway, I have lots of other ideas but that's not the point.

### Why am I posting here?

I'm looking to *validate this idea* before embarking on MVP development, and I'd love to hear from all you HN contributors ! :)

- What are the biggest problems you've encountered when launching a local LLM ?
- How are you currently doing and what would you change/improve ?
- Do you see any particular use cases (personal, professional, business) ?
- What a question I didn't ask you that deserves an answer anyway ;)

I sincerely believe that current solutions can be vastly improved.

If you're curious and want to follow the evolution of the project, I'd be delighted to exchange in PM or in the comments, maybe in the future I'll be looking for early adopters!

Thanks in advance for your feedback
As mentioned in the linked post, the compiler could in fact prove the increment on i wont overflow, and in my testing, -fwrapv does produce identical assembly (YMMV). The post talks about hypothetical more complex cases where the compiler would not prove the loop bound. But if -fwrapv semantics were mandated by spec, then presumably compilers would at least hardcode a check for such a common optimization (if they are not doing so already).
More than one device would be my guess.

Also, Claude at 0.93%, lmao.
If the GitHub Actions temporary token does not have workflow-defined permissions scope, it defaults either to a permissive or restricted default scope based on the repository's setting. This setting can also be configured at the organization level to restrict all repos owned by the org.

Historically the only choice was permissive by default, so this is unfortunately the setting used by older organizations and repos.

When a new repo is created, the default is inherited from the parent organization, so this insecure default tends to stick around if nobody bothers to change it. (There is no user-wide setting, so new repos owned by a user will use the restricted default. I believe newly created orgs use the better default.)

[0]: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-for-github-actio...
The Future of SIMD, with Raph Levien
> Benoit Coeure, the head of France's competition authority, "told reporters the regulator had not spelled out how Apple should change its app, but that it was up to the company to make sure it now complied with the ruling,"

Sounds like a good shakedown to me. Wait until they tweak it then fine them again for getting it “wrong”. I wonder if they even got the chance to change anything before they were fined the first time. And all because the regulator wants users to be advertised to more?
In addition to the per-piece cool downs, there should be a per-playet global cooldow of say 10 seconds
Baseball is the king of misleading small samples. It’s usually best not to jump to any conclusions as the article does so early in the season (ban them! After 3 games?!). There is a lot of randomness in the data.

And if the season proves that these bats are indeed juicier than others? Probably MLB will let it lie. Offense is down enough already and all of the recent rules changes are intended to support offense.
The classic case for this is Intuit which presumably needs most of its compute only two months a year. Not that many companies in the same boat though
Do you have cites for this? My understanding has always been that whenever this is measured, physical punishment anticorrelates with academic success.
In the United States, you can compare the number of people in each president's administrations in recent years. There's a striking difference between Republican administrations and Democratic administrations.
> roll in with their favorite IMAP client and use it

That's just it. Lots of client developers, especially open source ones, balked.

So to use something like mutt with gmail requires a user go into their google settings, set up 2fa then create an app-specific password. And if a user is on a Google Workspace account with "insecure" passwords turned off, they either have to do all the gcloud/consent/etc. stuff themselves or steal a client secret from another client.

Oauth client secrets aren't really compatible with open source and oauth flows don't work well in terminals. Google's onerous process didn't help and on top of that, using oauth means getting hit by Google's quotas.

Who knows how long Google will support app-specific passwords? Or perhaps they'll start forcing 2fa via their own gmail app every login.
> everyone who worked there has a black mark on their CV

I hope this is hyperbole. Rank and file employees are not responsible for corporate policy or direction, especially in places like Oracle.
I'll buy parm wedges if I'm making a sauce or salad dressing, but where/when I grew up, you weren't living unless you dumped at least a half cup of Green Tube Mystery Powder on top of your plate of spaghetti.
About a decade ago when my son finished high school, on the eve of graduation, I saw that one of his peers wrote gleefully on social media that she hadn’t read a single book, assigned or otherwise, during her 4 years there.

I can only imagine that the intellectual malaise has become more widespread. So long as we reward that form of incuriosity and treat education as solely a transactional economic exercise, the lack of preparedness for post-secondary levels should surprise no one.
This is great. pip-tools` is so valuable right now in helping mitigate these dependency tree issues. I'd love to see some form of support in core Python. I really hope this becomes pushed out, similar to how `pip` actually has a dependency resolver now. Relying on running `pip freeze` to create a quasi-lock is a horrible pattern for enterprise environments and for packages. I'm really looking forward to how this turns out, even though it's still in a proposal-type phase. `
I doubt that the SATs were ever that effective at screening this sort of thing, at least for the past several decades. They're an aptitude test.

By the time you're graduating secondary school you should be able to demonstrate end-to-end ability in multiple subjects (in something like an AP or an A-Level), which should be a better proxy for doing well in university than something as handwavey as the SAT.
Tangential, but there’s an old interview with Ellison where he said that Amazon would never be able to get off of Oracle DB because it’s too critical a piece of software. This was in response to Amazon announcing it was something they had planned.

Amazon got it done ahead of schedule and there’s a video of them popping champagne to celebrate when they shut the last server down.

I’m not a big Amazon fan, but the enemy of my enemy is my friend.
>Our AI industry web traffic analysis is based on estimated data from reliable sources such as SEMrush and Ahrefs. We track 10,500+ AI tools across 171 categories, updating data every month. We analyze total visits, unique visits, user demographics, and more across the categories to provide insights into the AI industry’s size, trends, and top performers.

>Unique visits represent cumulative monthly counts, meaning returning users in different months are counted again. The total unique visits for all tools combined do not represent distinct individuals due to user overlap across multiple AI tools. For a closer estimate of the AI industry's audience size, refer to the latest month's unique visit count.

https://aitools.xyz/data-analysis-methodology
If the standards are high, and cohorts can't meet them because they are setup to fail, what will we do then? If we already don't have sufficient resources for folks to meet the bar at scale, there will be nothing for those who need help over the hurdle (remedial help), correct? It's not the fault of the fish when you ask it to climb a tree and it can't. Unreasonable expectations, and all that.

I am fairly confident nothing is going to change (we are not going to suddenly enable parents more time to be involved parents [1], fund K-12 at appropriate levels (federal gov destroying education funding systems [2], etc) and the winning move is to convince young people to not have kids versus telling parents and students they aren't trying hard enough while we give them scant resources and support, based on all available information. Shades of the US parent version of the Kobayashi Maru or War Games ("The only winning move is not to play.").

If you think the problem is teachers or parents in a vacuum, you have not consumed enough data. These are systems problems.

[1] https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/06/opinion/worki...

[2] https://usafacts.org/answers/what-percentage-of-public-schoo...
I saw an interesting post on LessWrong[1] that essentially argues education got so bad because all the education studies are using metrics biased towards the bottom. If you can't measure improvement in the top (10% for standardized tests, 80% for typical definitions of 'achievement'), and then you tie money to which schools are measurably improving learning outcomes, you incentivize schools to teach to the bottom. You end up with schools desparately trying not to suspend/expel students, because it looks bad on their metrics and decreases their funding, while holding back their more diligent students as teachers/babysitters for the less diligent students.

[1]: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/LPyqPrgtyWwizJxKP/how-do-we-...
In what way does DoH provide end-to-end security? It doesn't, unless you adopt a different definition of "end-to-end" where the "server end" is an entity that's different from the domain name owner, but you're somehow trusting it to serve the correct/unaltered DNS entries. And even then, they can be tricked/coerced/whatever into serving unauthentic information.

For true end-to-end DNS security (as in authentication of domain owners), our only option is DNSSEC.

At best, you can argue that DoH solves a bigger problem.
You can definitely check on whether the user answered yes to the prompt, because if they declined you'll get a null (ie. all 0s) uuid. Whether app developers can rely on that as confirmation for tracking on their side is a purely legal question, and I wish the French government would try to resolve it on their side rather than going straight to fining Apple.
North Korea's smartphone 'Semtaesung 8' revealed
How long before someone brings back the Yotaphone. We're in the era where midrange phones cost asmuch as Yota2. Foldable with full oled interior and eink exterior would be chefs kiss.
Good call on Fedora's Atomic options.

My daily driver is NixOS and part of me really wants that level of predictability and rollback for them. For a brief period, I had started thinking through what it might look like to remotely manage this for them. But my ultimately goal is to help them achieve autonomy, and only step in when necessary.
I love the idea of the product! I would trust your solution to be the best for very simple use cases but not for multistep or ReAct agents. Any thoughts / insights on that?

I think the demo could be more exciting, the voice of the person talking sounds like he's bored haha
Gift article: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/31/business/economy/trump-re...
Abusing kids has nothing to do with the article in question nor lowered literacy rates. I knew plenty of people growing up that got their ass kicked by their parents and said parents also demanded the school treat them perfectly.
I'm there among the innies
Author here for your Pentium questions :-)
List of 2560 GDPR enforcements: https://www.enforcementtracker.com/

Granted, not all are fines for tracking users, but all sorts of violations. Reasoning is included in the table.
Show HN: Million Dollar Homepage is back, but there's a twist
Check out yourself.
This seems too cynical to me. I think child protection services (by whatever name in whatever country) do genuinely care about kids' welfare. They just believe a lot of incorrect things about how to improve it.
So much winning.
You guys are taking my previous comment out of context but that's less interesting than the fact that you have a strange definition of "disappeared".

> Even in Guantanamo, people lived, and people were known to be there, and I think that is how people are using "disappeared" i.e. extrajudicial and illegal, but alive and known to be somewhere.

So you're arguing that no one was disappeared to Gitmo because some information eventually came out about a few people? Or do you really believe everyone at Gitmo was publicly identified?

A quick google reveals that Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch don't agree with you.

For one, Bush admitted we were doing enforced disappearances

> In early September 2006, US authorities transferred to Guantánamo 14 men who had been held in secret CIA custody. President George W. Bush finally admitted that, in the “war on terror”, the USA has been resorting to secret detentions and enforced disappearance, which is a crime under international law.

https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/amr511...

Some of those men had been held incommunicado for 4 years at that point.

Or, here is a list of people who, at the time, were believed to be disappeared at Gitmo https://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/usa/ct0607/4.htm#_To...

So yes, people were absolutely disappeared at/to Guantanamo Bay and you using Gitmo as your example makes me really question your definition.
And why would Lagarde neglect several hundred million Euro in favor of someone else?
I think the primary difference is other countries track their students. Not just in separate classrooms, not a self-selected honours programme, but actually different high schools for people who score higher on the entrance exams.
Eminent domain, not imminent. There's no connection to time, but the state has the absolute power to seize property; in many countries (including the US) this is limited by constitution and regulation to specific purposes and to require just compensation.

Another factor in the US is that our railroads are generally freight oriented. Routing to have three ground based networks is challenging (road, freight rail, passenger high speed rail), especially in urban areas where right of way is expensive and also over mountain passes. A lot of urban freight rail lines are currently unused; some of them become greenway rail trails, others sit unused and may be at risk of encroachment, but often the alignment isn't useful for high speed rail anyway.
> It makes more sense to develop a "Polish bomb" with several other countries cooperating, and share it with the most threatened countries from Finland down to Romania.

I really hope this will finally happen.
Very personal nitpick, but I don't like prefixing things with py, it makes no sense to me. A lock is a lock, so why a pylock.toml and not a lock.toml? You do what you want with it. Same with pyproject.toml
Exactly. It should take around 10 parameters to book a flight. Not 30,000,000,000 and a dedicated nuclear power plant.
What is the alternative? Is there an open source version that is community curated?
>Of course CPS goes after such children IF AND ONLY IF they have been raised well. Why? They are paid per child and that's the only way for them to get access to a child that doesn't destroy the place, or worse, the people. Leaving an obviously well-behaved child unsupervised gives them an excuse to use in court, and an easy child to whose life gets destroyed ... but they get money and jobs (and parents that they can "prove" aren't good)

Is there any evidence of a systematic problem - nation wide no less - that its happening like this?

Because I know social workers, many of whom who work for child protective services (or their equivalent depending on state / county / city) and the constant story I hear is they are so understaffed they are overwhelmed with cases. They don't get enough funding as it is, and I have yet to hear a story that wouldn't make any decent person's skin crawl.

Well adjusted kids in good situations are not on their radar
I was in an area where I couldn't do any narration/voice with the demo and it still did really good just from the visuals + DOM, pretty awesome. Thanks for sharing.