skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
DDD isn't about objects. It's just about modelling the domain (real world) using the tools available to you. Some things are best modelled by objects, some are best modelled by functions or other constructs.

The real point is establish a common language to talk about the domain. This is enormously powerful. Have you ever worked with people who don't speak your language? Everything takes 3x as long as ideas aren't communicated properly and things get lost in translation.

It's the same with code. If your code is all written in the language of the computer then you'll be translating business language into computer language. This takes longer and it's more error prone. The business people can't check your work because they don't know how to code and the coders can't check because they don't know the business.

The point of building abstractions is it empowers you to write code in a language that is much closer to the language of the domain experts. DDD is one take but the basic idea goes all the way back to things like SICP.
ADU = Accessory Dwelling Units (for those of us not "in the know" or whatever)
> They don't need the money. If you can afford a home in the area, you're already pretty well off.

This is a part of the problem which I think isn't discussed often enough. Because of the varying marginal utility of money, if the divide between rich and poor becomes big enough, owners will not want to rent out in their own homes, because nothing the tenant can pay will make any significant difference to their personal budget, and certainly not enough to make up for the stress/risk.

Maybe they can find someone non-threatening enough where the benefit of having someone living in the cellar apartment, to discourage break-ins when they're away etc. makes up for the risk. That is, I guess, how I managed to get a rental in one of the most expensive parts of Oslo ~20 years ago. But I really doubt I'd gotten that if I wasn't extremely non-threatening, let alone if I had been a minority of some sort.
I had the same experience when buying from Macy's, which I felt would avoid any possible shennanigans from Amazon. Same story. 4 pair of the same style and size, but different colors. All fit differently.
My mobile company (O2 in the UK) will route calls over WiFi if there is no mobile reception.
I ordered the same model of Gilette razor that I get from Target and the ones from Amazon didn't last nearly as long. Either they were counterfeit or sort of binning was done by Gilette. But the ones from Amazon lasted very literally half as long.
Interesting, the only mass-produced whole-grain bread I have on hand is Ezekiel and it didn't list any added sugar, or indeed any sugar at all. It's also not listed as an ingredient on the (partially) whole-grain bread I got from our local bakery.

Having said that, I see your point that setting too low a threshold might be unnecessarily onerous on cafeterias and manufacturers. Perhaps a threshold of ~1g sugar per slice would be more reasonable?
Can you sign and notarize your own software made for internal use with your own infrastructure? If so, then this is a valid response. If not, then this is an irrelevant response because the issue is going through Apple, not the process being difficult or undocumented. If I own the device, then I should be free to decide what the sources of authority over it are.

Edit: I haven't tested it yet, but it does seem that you can sign an executable with your own certificate (self-signed or internal CA-issued) however you can't notarize it. Right now, notarization is only required for certain kinds of Apple-issued developer certificates, but that may change in the future.
Yes, but it would mitigate the issue almost completely since the app (and thus the address) would not be discoverable by new users.
> I don't think there should be an expectation of anonymity for the specific case of operating a car on a public road.

Technology allows surveillance at scale, and that attacks privacy in a new and deeply unintuitive direction.

In the pre-information era, people still didn't have a reasonable expectation of privacy in public, in that everything they did could be noted. However, that notice was far from automatic, and people were only remembered if they were memorable. That could happen from doing something or appearing out of the ordinary, or it could happen from specific interest (e.g. being followed).

Nowadays, the surveillance is automatic, and hard drives don't forget. The technology allows aggregators to answer retrospective questions about the target's ordinary behaviour. People now need be concerned about how their actions today will be viewed weeks, months, or years from now if they later attract scrutiny.

This technology is here today for cars and license plates, but it's only a matter of scale before it's applied to pedestrians with face, gait, or other individual recognition modalities. We don't have the social scripts to properly deal with it.
> The one thing that I found missing was the lack of static typing in the code

It has type hints, such as here: https://www.cosmicpython.com/book/chapter_08_events_and_mess...

Do you mean it's not strict enough? There are some parts of the book without them.
Cynicism-fried take imo. The discussion over what responsibilities private cooperative endeavors have towards the broader public is a couple dozen centuries old at least, and is in no sense finished. This arrangement has changed countless times before and is still changing now before our eyes. If you can no longer imagine how it could be different then yes, certainly sit down and give up, you have nothing to offer here. But so then why would you offer this? Is it your dream that others surrender as you have?
Fortunately for everyone, the Western world that the comment you replied to was talking about is not just the US.
You did not mention any useful business case, with real economic impact, either than a very smart template generator for Developers.

Choose a very narrow domain, that you known well, and you quickly realize they are just repeating the training data.
I think of LLMs like smart but unreliable humans. You don't want to use them for anything that you need to have right. I would never have one write anything that I don't subsequently go over with a fine-toothed comb.

With that said, I find that they are very helpful for a lot of tasks, and improve my productivity in many ways. The types of things that I do are coding and a small amount of writing that is often opinion-based. I will admit that I am somewhat of a hacker, and more broad than deep. I find that LLMs tend to be good at extending my depth a little bit.

From what I can tell, Sabine Hossenfelder is an expert in physics, and I would guess that she already is pretty deep in the areas that she works in. LLMs are probably somewhat less useful at this type of deep, fact-based work, particularly because of the issue where LLMs don't have access to paywalled journal articles. They are also less likely to find something that she doesn't know (unlike with my use cases, where they are very likely to find things that I don't know).

What I have been hearing recently is that it will take a long time for LLMs will be better than humans at everything. However, they are already better than many many humans at a lot of things.
The free content to learn how to code is still available on the Internet and it won't go away.

SE is one of the few professions that one can _learn_ for free, by themselves.

It could take longer than going into a fancy university, and it won't open corporate doors as easily, but basically anyone with a computer and an Internet connection can learn SE.
I'm curious what features you have in mind that you can't do from the Common LISP REPL?
True story, though in the 1930's the US was not the global hegemony it is today nor did it control the global reserve currency. Back then the British empire held that crown. The US of today is a different beast than in the 1930s.
I (and most of the people I know), have had the opposite experience as you. Essentially everyone I know has moved into corp landlord situations because the downside risk is a lot lower and there is a paper trail if you need to dispute anything. I have like a 50% hit rate on mom and pop landlords being awful, I can give three examples off the top of my head:

1. New landlords bought a place I was living in and wanted to do in their words "minor upgrades to the house", but during the construction they would "keep it livable" and not require me to move. I came back after work one day to my water being off (and a toilet removed), and they didn't turn it on for two weeks after that (and kept the toilet removed). I had to get a lawyer involved for rent reimbursement.

2. My water heater broke and flooded my house in the middle of the night. The landlord took 1 month to start fixing the completely flooded apartment, and then the landlord tried for a year (threatened legal action as a bluff) to get me to pay for the new water heater despite it being their property, and maintenance being in the lease as their problem. I obv never paid because it was basically just a shakedown.

3. My landlord tried to just not pay me a month of rent owed after they sold the property with me living in it. He called me several times trying to "make a deal", and I told him that it was a cost associated with him selling the house and that I would not leave until he paid me the month owed. He waited until literally the last possible day to pay me and yelled at me on the phone that I was being unfair despite it just being money he owed me.

Every corp landlord I have had has been by the book. Yes my rent has gone up marginally, but at least there is a paper trail and they do not try to do any of the crazy stuff I just described.

That being said, I did have one mom/pop landlord who built me a deck with a bike locker over the course of a summer once, that guy was great.
Per the article, DF started getting (seemingly) disappeared from HN over a decade ago.

Before the years in which you cited his posts were still 100% tech.

So, to recap: your hypothesis is that a perceived shift in focus in January 2025 retroactively affected his placement on HN in previous decades? Does this involve time travel?
The mineral and gas resources are one thing, but it's a pittance compared to the real reason America wants it.

With a melted Arctic sea route, control over the Arctic becomes incredibly strategic. It becomes most optimal shipping route in the world and quickly connects Europe, Asia, and North America. You really want to have your navy there.

China covets Taiwan because of naval strategy more than any other reason. This is the same reason America wants Greenland. It isn't Trump that wants it so bad, it's the DoD.

Look at China's posture on and dealings with Greenland. They really want to be there, and for good reason.
Now to the same with Pokémon, 1st and 2nd gens. There are tons of 'monsters' with real life counterparts, such as electric eels, an iron shell based snails (living on boiling, geisers?) and so on...
That’s just simply incorrect. There are plenty of expectations of privacy in public. For example, it is illegal to look up a woman’s skirt, and it is illegal for police to arbitrarily search someone, etc.

Now, what is reasonably expected in public is less than what is reasonably expected in private, but it certainly isn’t zero privacy.

It is true that one might expect, if they are driving around, that someone might see them. But is it expected that they might sometimes be followed? Is it expected that they are always followed? Is it expected that everyone is followed and those locations are cataloged indefinitely for anyone to FOIA? These are all very different questions.
Point 8, the fast dismissal of Monte-Carlo method is a huge blunder.

The point of Monte-Carlo method is that you can tradeoff accuracy for speed. The longer you run your algorithm the more accurate you get.

But what's even more interesting is that we can often use the contrapositive : You can get shitty accurate result real fast.

Instead of exploring all paths, you explore only one path picked at random.

And that's where it shines : when you put it into the most imbricated loop of your algorithm.

For example when you want to learn a neural network which autoroute. Typically you would have the outerloop which is updating the neural network parameter, and the inner-loop which is computing a path through the graph.

When you use Monte-Carlo this inner-loop which control accuracy can be reduced to 1 iteration if everything is bias-less, you will have a slower outerloop due to higher variance but the machine learning should """theoretically""" learn.

This is what allows you to build policies which intuitively always pick the right decision. Like in chess or go, you have some monte-carlo tree search variant like alpha-go-zero or alpha-chess-zero or alpha-router-zero, where even without the search part, the giant cache (encoded by the neural network parameters), once trained, can compute your best guess path in one pass through your neural network aka constant time (with a constant which can easily trade memory for speed by augmenting the number of parameters or training for longer).
By my reading this isn't a new way to generate THz signals, but a way to modulate light with existing THz signals.
balderdash. Tech designed by the US, sold in the US, but manufactured in china led to utter dominance of manufacturing for china. This would work just fine in reverse. Possession is 9/10ths etc
I don't know about Levis, but I can attest that Ernie Ball guitar strings from Amazon are different / crappy. It is almost like Amazon is selling knock-offs or something.
Yeah, people are saying "well you didn't know about em dashes before LLMs".

No, I learned about em dashes in school, I just literally don't know how to type them on my keyboard and I'm too stubborn to learn how to.
Historically the primary and often almost only reliable way of obtaining any kind of meaningful wealth was through inheritance inheriting it. So such behavior was completely standard and expected (it’s much easier to justify it if your parents inherited most of their wealth as well).

In a way that seems like an inseparable part of highly stable/stagnant societies.

The things that broke the wheel back in the 1800s and 1900s was very rapid technological progress and several massive wars leading to societal collapse across much of the world
I want to thank this guy for the "avoid Monte Carlo" point and the big "no randomness" image.

I feel people are getting way to comfortable throwing randomness at things, pretending it's perfectly fine or even beneficial because you can reason over the probability distributions and then shrugging their shoulders when the results have unpredictable and impossible to debug edge case behavior.

We already have enough unpredictable factors in a program, I feel we don't have to purposefully add even more of them.
Do people under 25 carrying 2 or more passangers on average kill more pedestrians when driving at night?
People, read the article. The conclusion is not as "terrible" as what you may infer from the title (we all think the worst I guess).

Basically, it says Levi's jeans are manufactured in several different countries, so that most likely accounts for the variations. And that some of the jeans she bought from Amazon were actually better than non-amazon.

Still. I prefer buying from the Amazon competition in my country. Amazon regularly sends me wrong items.
GrapheneOS has "Contact Scopes" which allows you to expose a subset of contacts to an app while it believes it has full access to the whole book.

https://grapheneos.org/features#contact-scopes
I want to note that the intermittency problems for a 100% renewable grid are not significantly different from a 90% renewable + 10% nuclear grid. Nuclear does very little to help because to make economic sense it has to be kept running most of the time, and so not much capacity can be kept in reserve to deal with renewables dropping out.

I'll also note that if renewables have reached 70%, the residual demand will be so uneven that new nuclear won't make any sense, as it won't be possible to keep it running most of the time. Too often renewables will be delivering 100% of demand and nuclear will have no market.

As renewables grow, prices become spikier. So what's wanted is some source with low capex that can jump in an exploit these spikes. Gas peakers are an example, but eventually the gas can be something other than natural gas (if NG is taxed for its CO2). Green hydrogen may be the best bet for the 100% renewable end game.
Always (usually) fun to read an expert talk about their field as it crops up in unusual places, at least when it's done without an ego.
I've avoided the YouTube clickbait "real bank robber reviews movies" videos, but maybe I shouldn't.

Meta: Unfortunately, even the earliest snapshot of this page on the Wayback Machine doesn't contain working images: https://web.archive.org/web/20040624122432/https://fathom.li...
Google Docs also does these replacements.
Every crypto/stock investment scam I have been exposed to via Facebook Ads has used a whatsapp group to communicate with victims. Great to hear it will be easier to be victimized now.
NVD Concedes Inability to Keep Pace with Surging CVE Disclosures in 2025
I think one of the biggest problems I encounter whenever I hear that a project follows strict architectural patterns essentially boils down to too many obfuscated abstractions that hide what is going on, or force you to jump through too many layers to accomplish tasks.

Many files/functions/classes need to be updated to accomplish even simple tasks because somebody made a decision that you aren't allowed to do X or Y thing without creating N other things.

But in those companies that didn't care about architectural patterns its very likely that while there was more ugly code in certain places, it resulted in code with less indirection and more contained to a single area/unit or the task at hand making it easier for people to jump in and understand. I see so many people who create function after function in file after file to abstract away functionality when I'd honestly rather have a 100 line function or method that I can easily jump around and edit/debug vs many tiny functions all in separate areas.

Not to say having some abstractions are bad but the more I work in this field the more I realize the less abstractions there are, the easier it is to reason about singular units/features in code. I've basically landed on just abstract away the really hard stuff, but stop abstracting out things that simple.
Type annotations are just like documentation though. Just because the annotation says int the function can still return a list.
Holy F2k. Hope nobody was seriously injured - as unlike as this hope may be.

It’s extremely surreal to be sitting in sun, half way around the world, drinking coffee and watching these images.

It’s amazing and frightening at the same time - the disconnect between the folks affected by this disaster and me scrolling around here at HN.

At the same, the immediacy of world events and the inability to actual do anything about them.

For many this was their last day and may their rest in peace, tomorrow could be ours. Once again nature shows us who is boss.
The problem is that it also included "doxxing" DOGE employees, even though they are significant public figures and their anonymity is almost certainly illegal. Protecting the identity of government employees who are more powerful than cabinet secretaries is plain abuse of ToS. (I will add that I don't believe most of the alleged death threats were real. I think Musk's concern was the "doxxing" and the death threats were a pretext.)
> I can think of a couple who were absolute nightmares. I can think of a couple others who were an absolute dream. The worst small-time landlord was WAY worse than the worst big property management firm, but the best small-time landlord was far better than the best big property management firm I've been a tenant of.

This is basically my experience I wrote about above, the downside risk for mom and pop landlords is way way worse than corp landlords in my experience (and pretty much everyone else I know).
My general takes (as someone who also has a somewhat popular blog) is that

The inverted pyramid is almost always the correct format for your text. I often put the tweet-length version of the post in the title or first paragraph. Get to the point quickly, then elaborate. Means you can bail out at any point of the text and still take home most of what mattered, while the meticulous crowd can have their nitpicks addressed toward the end.

The problem of finding an audience is best solved by being really transparent about what you're about. Inverted pyramid solves that. There's no point to drawing in people who aren't going to be interested. Retaining existing readers beats capturing new readers.

I'm less bullish on images, unless they are profoundly relevant to the text. Illustrations for the sake of having illustrations are no bueno in my opinion. You want to reduce distractions and visual noise. Images should above all never be funny.
The reason not to do this is observable in your post on my phone. The spaces cause the word wrapping algorithm to leave a dangling dash at the end of the line which looks ugly. Omitting spaces prevents the word break.
To be clear, It's essentially impossible to know if a given text is autonomously LLM generated (a bot on social media for example) or is the result of revision of real human effort.

To what extent that distinction matters, I'm not sure.
Another important aspect of the RL process is that it's fine-tuning with some feedback on the quality of data: a 'raw' LLM has been trained on a lot of very low-quality data, and it has an incentive to predict that accurately as well, because there's no means to effectively rate a copy of most of the text on the internet. So there's a lot of biases in the model which basically mean it will include low-quality predictions in a given 'next token' estimate, because if it doesn't it will get penalised when it is fed the low quality data during the training.

With RLHF it gets a signal during training for whether the next token it's trying to predict are part of a 'good' response or a 'bad' response, so it can learn to suppress features it learned in the first part of the process which are not useful.

(you seem the same with image generators: they've been trained on a bunch of very nice-looking art and photos, but they've also been trained on triply-compressed badly cropped memes and terrible MS-paint art. You need to have a plan for getting the model to output the former and not the latter if you want it to be useful)
Oooh, now that's glorious!
Paul Graham on Free Speech
Well, that's certainly an opinion.
Agreed. I’ve got a Levi outlet nearby. I noticed some time ago the significant variation in batches.
It makes my blood boil that my kid comes from the nursery saying things like "I did an ouchie". Kids don't naturally speak like this, they are taught like this. He's 3. At home he speaks his parents languages and he sounds like a 5 year old because we don't dumb it down for him. In English he sounds like every other English 3 year old in the nursery.
Because then I can know whether the hallucinations they encountered are a little surprising, or not surprising at all.
> machine have not yet replaced man after decades

When I look at fields like car manufacturing, which is mostly robotic, it seems that nowadays humans are force multipliers for machines rather than the other way around.