skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It was United.
That's not true in general especially if you weight it with population in mind, such as the wet states of NJ, PA, MD etc. that have more population; though there are areas where the states have passed laws concerning water rights where it is true(CO, WY).
>> As an example, the latest Atari Jaguar linker (aln) for Linux was released back in 1995. It's a proprietary, statically-linked 32-bit Linux a.out executable.

> That’s not a user land problem. That’s a CPU architecture problem. Windows solves this WOW64 which provides a compatibility layer for 32bit pointers et al.

In this specific case, it really is a user-land problem.

I've went to the trouble of converting that specific executable into a statically linked 32-bit x86 ELF executable [1], to run as-is on modern x86 and x86_64 Linux systems. Besides rebasing it at a higher virtual address and writing about 10 lines of assembly to bridge the entrypoints, it's the same exact binary code as the original artifact. Unless you've specifically disabled or removed 32-bit x86 emulation, it'll run on a x86_64 kernel with no 32-bit userland compatibility layers installed.

Just for kicks, I've also converted it into a dynamically linked executable (with some glue to bridge glibc 1.xx and glib 2.xx) and even into a x86 PE executable that can run on Windows (using more glue and MSYS2) [2].

> Windows has a similar problem with COM files (the early DOS executable format). And lots of COM executables on Windows don’t work either. Windows solves this problem with emulation, which you can do on Linux too.

These cases aren't equivalent. COM and MZ are 16-bit executables for MS-DOS [3], NE is for 16-bit Windows ; all can be officially run without workarounds on 32-bit x86 Windows systems (NTVDM has admittedly spotty compatibility, but the point stands). Here, we're talking about 32-bit x86 code, so COM/MZ/NE does not apply here (to my knowledge there never has been 16-bit Linux programs anyways).

That Windows has 32-bit compatibility out of the box and that Linux distributions don't install 32-bit compatibility layers by default is one thing, but those on Linux only really apply to programs that at best share the same vintage as the host system (and at worst only work for the same distribution). Again, try running Tux the Penguin: A Quest for Herring as-is on a modern system (be it on a 32-bit or 64-bit installation, that part doesn't matter here), I'd gladly be proven wrong if it can be done without either a substantial rewrite+recompilation or egregious amounts of thunking a 2000's-era Linux userspace onto a 2020's-era one (no, a VM doesn't count, it has to run on the host).

[1] https://boricj.net/atari-jaguar-sdk/2023/12/18/part-3.html

[2] https://boricj.net/atari-jaguar-sdk/2024/01/02/part-5.html

[3] I know about 32-bit DOS extenders, but it's complicated enough as-is without bringing those into the mix.
I don’t particularly buy the 2-3% reduction in fees, that seems a way to get merchants adoption now. In future I expect to see services built on top of stables, for example reversible transactions, and whoever will build these services will likely want to be paid a 2-3% fee (their pitch deck to a16z will say “merchant are used to pay this fee to credit card companies”…)

Where I think stables will surpass credit cards will be on users’ rewards. It should be possible to build a stable coin that “just grows” eg more than 4%/a saving account, so the final product may look like and integrated saving account + credit card.

But this is a marketplace, before getting user adoption you need to get merchant adoption, so definitely cutting the 2-3% fee looks like the right message to me.
Sounds like the trap for Middle Class.
What I find fascinating about this debate is that only municipalities/cities add fluoride to water. If you are on well water, no fluoride. So any studies comparing the incidence of tooth decay between populations that are on well water and those that are on fluoridated city water?

I get that this was a great public health benefit before fluoride in toothpaste became widely available but is this still the case? Couldn't it be argued that most of the benefit comes from brushing your teeth?
> Engineers are often terrible negotiators, we'd rather spend months solving a problem than have an awkward conversation.

My experience is the opposite: lots of software developers ("engineers") would love to do "brutal" negotiations to fight against the "choking" done by the cloud vendors.

The reason why you commonly don't let software developers do these negotiations is thus the complete opposite: they apply (for the mentioned reasons) an ultra-hardball negotiation style (lacking all the diplomatic and business customs of politeness) that leads to vast lands of burnt soil. Thus, many (company) customers of the cloud providers fear that this hardball negotiation style destroys any future business relationship with the respective (and perhaps for reputation reasons a lot of other) cloud service provider(s).
Interesting. Alright then maybe there is a possibility. Thanks for sharing!
Zero effort was put into deciding what is wasteful. They just cancelled everything.
Back when I was a product manager in the late 80s and 90s, I had a ton of meetings where I would often have to walk to a different building and sit through an hour of meeting with no laptop/connectivity even if only 20% was relevant. You really couldn’t multitask.
Not sure why you're being downvoted for sharing your experience and opinion. Nobody even bother to comment on it.
Whatever about "more nuclear energy", yeah it has long timelines and sky high price tags.. but decommissioning working nuclear plants decades early and leaning hard on the coal? Sorry, that's fucking asinine populist bullshit. The Russians didn't cause this.
Flouride incorporates into the tooth structure in developing teeth before they emerge, I'm not sure how effective that is but it is different than the more topical protection.

Tea has enormous amounts of flouride depending on where it is grown and they aren't banning that yet.
> to ensure alignment with the Administration’s priorities.

"We no longer are doing the fidelity pledge in alignment with this officiant's priorities. This phrase may sound familiar, we used it to remove diversity goals from church hiring and in the announcement that the church would no longer investigate theft by clergy."
> Good for you, but you're not the only person working on the codebase, surely.

I actually am. But I've also read plenty of non-annotated Python code from strangers without issue. Including the standard library, random GitHub projects I gave a PR to fix some unidiomatic expression (defense in depth by avoiding `eval` for example), etc. When the code of others is type-annotated, I often find it just as distracting as all the "# noqa: whatever" noise not designed to be read by humans.

And long functions are vastly more mentally taxing.

> often all a function does with an argument is forward it along untouched to another function. You often still need to jump through many layers of the call graph to figure out how something actually gets used.

Yes, and I find from many years of personal experience that this doesn't cause a problem. I don't need to "figure out how something actually gets used" in order to understand the code. That's the point of organizing it this way. This is also one of the core lessons of SICP as I understood it. The dynamic typing of LISP is not an accident.

> An identifier name can't be as expressive as a type without sacrificing concision

On the contrary: it is not restricted to referring to abstractions that were explicitly defined elsewhere.

> Why not be precise, why not offload some mental work onto the computer?

When I have tried to do it, I have found that the mental work increased.

> No, see, this is an absolutely crucial point of disagreement

It is.
It’s a big jump to assume competence in targeting half of all science funding. As you saw in my link above they eliminated an entire graduate class of biomedical researchers. That’s a few dozen lifetimes of research that won’t be done now, delaying breakthroughs
Why do you feel that is weird? Keeping the passengers informed isn't really a priority in a situation like that. They told you when you needed to know.
This is to be expected though, a phone platform isn't exactly Tor Browser. The big API as with any platform will have plenty of ways to fingerprint people even without this one example, unless the developers went far out of their way from the beginning to build prevention in. Much like how on UNIX you can see what processes everyone is running and their command lines.
Computers can also include physics based random number generators so that's still simulatable. And analog computing also is possible. Quantum computing not really yet but theoretically possible.

Not sure if any other wizard hat things than those can extend classical digital computing
I’m not sold. I think I’ll stick with my Godly ethics and I’ll leave you to your sin
I believe the prior post is referring to first generation students that receive their primary education in foreign countries.

Like I said in another post, the environment in these primary schools in the United States is just not set up for success. Their standards are low and they allow smart phones and distracting device devices in schools. Not to mention the overt focus on athletics over academics. However, the last point is not the biggest issue as that’s been a part of primary education in high school in the US for a century at least.
Testing in particular is something I hate about AWS being the most egregious.

You don’t get any testing services baked into the pricing, you’re paying production pricing for setting up / tearing down environments for testing. They have little to nothing in the ways of running emulators locally for services and it leads to other solutions of varying quality.

It’s outrageous and something i will always hold against AWS forever. Not to mention their CDK is for shit. Their APIs are terrible and poorly documented. I don’t know why anyone chooses them still other than they seem to have the “nobody got fired for choosing AWS” effect.

Azure is really good at providing emulators for lots of their core services for local testing for instance. Firebase is too, though I can’t vouch for the wider GCP ecosystem
> If we'd done that once I'd feel like well management weren't to know, but it recurs with about a 3-5 year periodicity.

So basically every time management changes[1]?

[1]: https://maexecsearch.com/average-c-suite-tenure-and-other-im...
Yes it is less effective indeed. Brush your teeth.
I feel this is a side-effect of so many people getting "simple" wrong, as in, calling things simple because they superficially seem so, even while being aware of but ignoring the underlying complexities.
> Thoroughly scientifically debunked. Repeatedly, over decades.

"The NTP monograph concluded, with moderate confidence, that higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per liter, are associated with lower IQ in children"

This is from an NIH meta-analysis. Its a pretty rigorous study.

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/...

"It is important to note that there were insufficient data to determine if the low fluoride level of 0.7 mg/L currently recommended for U.S. community water supplies has a negative effect on children’s IQ"

This is why there's such a fierce debate. Based on the most recent scientific literature there seems to be evidence of a dose-dependent effect of fluorine levels in water and lowered IQ in children, meaning it has some kind of neurotoxic effect. But we don't have robust evidence to say 0.7 mg/L has a similar effect. That doesn't mean it is DEFINITELY safe, it just means more research needs to be done and the current research that does cover the 0.7 mg/L range may not reach statistical significance.

The fact though the NIH suggests 1.5mg/L is likely unsafe, which is only 2x what America's tap water contains, I would not blame people for being uneasy about. It is often the case the that the FDA regulates food additives that have potential negative side effects to be limited to concentrations 10x lower than what is seen as unsafe.

I am not suggesting it's a straightforward choice to defluorinate water, but I see people often repeating claims like you have that dangers of fluoride are "thoroughly debunked" and that's simply not true. I don't blame people for having that sentiment either, because 0.7mg/L is seemingly still considered safe, and some of the loudest advocates of defluorination have no shortage of thoroughly debunked crazy views on things (possibly due to brains half eaten by worms). It makes it very easy to brush off the skepticism.

But it's also important to keep in mind science is built on the premise that one must be ready to re-evaluate past assumptions when new data arises, and generally speaking the new data around fluoride I hate to say seems to show there is indeed smoke.

It's also the case that when the US initially fluorinated water supplies it was a massive public health success, but these days it seems to make a much lower impact now that fluoride toothpaste use is ubiquitous (plus the levels were lowered from 1.0mg/L in the 70s, likely reducing its overall effectiveness). It is IMO both very reasonable to fund more research into this to know conclusively if 0.7mg/L is indeed safe, and also consider public health policy that focuses on promoting dental hygiene through other means in places that do defluorinate.

I do not agree with Utah's decision here mostly because it seems to neglect that defluorination will create a void that requires other public health policy efforts to fill it, poorer and less educated communities will suffer unless government led efforts to promote and make dental hygine affordable are not also undertaken.
I doubt many were “captivated” by large in-person lectures. But you didn’t really have options.
Ugh, $30 billion could fund a lot of European reusable rocket development and get some manufacturing infrastructure into space to build an even larger collider.

Amongst all the other science and engineering that you'd get from they capability, as well as defense.
Not a geologist, but this absolutely is just recency bias.

Magnitude 7 earthquakes happen constantly throughout the year [0][1], but never make the news because they are either out of the way or drowned out by other news.

Also, earthquake deaths are correlated with government capacity. Compare Myanmar with Thailand (BKK is just as far as Yangon is from the epicenter), yet only 1 under construction building fell in Bangkok, despite hundreds of much smaller buildings collapsing all over Myanmar.

Myanmar is a country in the midst of a protracted civil war, and in a lot of cases there just isn't any government outside of the largest cities. And even then you are seeing more building collapses in Yangon than in BKK. Also, Chiang Mai (Thailand's second city) is also fairly close to the epicenter compared to other cities, yet there was marginal destruction there.

It's the same way how an earthquake the size of 2010 Haiti (6.5) only elicits a yawn in California and 0 deaths.

[0] - https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/browse/significant.p...

[1] - https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/browse/significant.p...
One reason may be that proper grocery shops are too far from the places where they live, and they can't afford time driving there and then cooking, working two jobs?
So obviously this is an extreme, but I worked for a company that had long dismissed third party cloud providers as too expensive (customers would be routing all of their network traffic through our data centers, so obviously the bandwidth costs would just be too dang high). Then that company got purchased by a certain mega corporation who then negotiated an exclusive deal with GCP, and the math flipped. It was now far too expensive to run our own set of datacenters. Google was willing to take such a low margin on bandwidth that it made no sense not to.

So in this case, hundreds of billions. But the principle stands at lower company sizes, just with different numbers and amounts of leverage.
Yes, I considered that, and I appreciate the suggestion, but I think it's not very office-friendly to spit out liquids.
A friend had a pet rescue Wistar rat (albino lab rat). Super fun and friendl :) but they only live about 3 years :(
Not sure cloud is necessarily more resilient--imo it's less resilient. On the other hand, it's fully automated with robust APIs so there's easy tools to mitigate failures like node/machine sets (scale sets, scaling groups, auto scaling groups, whatever the provider calls them)

You could use an orchestration solution to help handle automatic failover. There's a handful of container-based options from heavy duty Kubernetes to Docker Swarm and Nomad.

Containers are nice since you can bypass most of the host management where you only need basic security patching and installation of your container runtime. There's also k8s distros like OpenShift to make k8s setup easier if you go that route.
> second coming of jesus is about to reveal himself

this, the arc of the covenant news, UAPs, solar storms, PNW & midwest storms, fires, etc... wouldn't be surprised at this point. its actually becoming somewhat mainstream to believe that a 'cataclysm' is coming given recent events.
That video was noteworthy because it was such unusual phrasing.
https://archive.is/jTAcu

> All the Ukrainians would see on a secure cloud were chains of coordinates, divided into baskets — Priority 1, Priority 2 and so on. As General Zabrodskyi remembers it, when the Ukrainians asked why they should trust the intelligence, General Donahue would say: “Don’t worry about how we found out. Just trust that when you shoot, it will hit it, and you’ll like the results, and if you don’t like the results, tell us, we’ll make it better.”
Even better: self-contained uv run python scripts generated by AI: https://everything.intellectronica.net/p/the-little-scripter
I get what he's saying, but still seems like blocking the easy way of getting a list of apps, while certainty not perfect, would prevent most privacy abuse.
Are we talking about functional OOP or class-less OOP or JavaScript's prototypal version of inheritance in OOP or Javas functions-are-evil OOP or some other version of OOP?

Object-Oriented Programming is a spectrum with varying degrees of abuse.
I accept your bet. What does “well-covered” mean?
Span<T>.SequenceEquals is faster than memcmp
A more meaningful adventure into microbenchmarking than my last. I look at why we no longer need to P/Invoke memcmp to efficiently compare arrays in C# / .NET.

Old stackoverflow answers are a dangerous form of bit-rot. They get picked up by well-meaning developers and LLMs alike and recreated years after they are out of date.
The issue, to my eyes at least, is much less of water, and much more of fluoride itself. That is what seems mostly a settled and non controversial topic elsewhere such that it is not perennially raised anew with tone of fans quoting Dr. Strangelove except meaning it.
Is "Embedded graphics library" really ambiguous? People in this thread asking about web UIs, GPUs, etc really confuse me. What are they responding to, exactly?
"How do I recover if I need to rebuild my entire system from scratch?" is a basic business continuity exercise.

I know that most startups don't bother with it, but stories like this are exactly why it matters. You need to plan ahead, have backups of your data under your own control, with documentation of a DR plan to completely rebuild and recover should you, for any reason, lose every single vendor you work with today.

If you don't have that, then you are not truly a stable company. And while you might have delegated responsibility of server security to a vendor, that does not absolve you of overall accountability for what happens to your business.
It has always been mainstream, it's central to the narative in the most owned book in the world.
You won’t get it till TC39 adopts it
Literate Development: AI-Enhanced Software Engineering
Huge fan of this tool for working on GUI implementations, ensuring the color choices and contrasts make sense for users that see GUIs differently than I do.
Parallel transmit 7T MRI for adult epilepsy pre-surgical evaluation
Toyota, Honda, Kia, Hyundai and even Nissan have North American manufacturing facilities.

The animus about those brands all lessened greatly once many of their cars were produced in North America.
Not sure Amazon posts much about S3 architecture but some years ago I think they had an article about using spinners. They had so many HDDs, though, that 100-250 IOPs * <the insane number of total drives> meant they still had insane throughput.

Not sure they're at the scale in the article to get good performance with HDDs but someone with a storage eng background can correct me. NVMe seems like a waste, though. I imagine you can still get solid performance with SATA/SAS (250 to 50-80k IOPs is still a pretty huge leap)
> As far as I can tell, any time you want to rely on the exact binary layout of something in memory, you need unsafe. As a corollary, any time you want to bit cast from one type to another, you need unsafe.

No, that's what bytemuck is for. If bytemuck didn't exist, sure, I'd be using a lot of unsafe.
>That doesn't even appear to be attempting to address anything relevant to consumer networking

Don't be too pessimistic, anything that can contribute to the disaggregation of networking technology will be good for the consumer markets since the companies producing these networking SoC namely Qualcomm, Mediatek, etc should care about their downstream revenues. By adopting the open eco-system champion by SONiC and DENT for networking technology disaggregation, it will definitely spill over to the consumer networking as well since these are the very same companies that design and manufacture the networking pervasive consumer networking SoC.

There are too many and numerous examples of Linux enterprise features that are spilling over to consumer Linux, and the latest is the real-time Linux kernel extensions although it did take like forever (i.e 20 years) to be adopted by the main line Linux kernel.
Even if they move only part of the data before the deadline ..they stop paying for that the moment they delete it from S3. (Doesn't work that way in reverse.)

They can start saving thousands of dollars even before the deadline if they are able to start moving as soon as their own infra is up and incrementally move and delete data from S3. If their data consumers can work with that, that is.

If part of the data does not need the full S3 guarantees of durability and availability ..they could probably save more by using cheaper tiers while on S3.
Seems analogous to bundler/inline [1] on the Ruby side of the world. Happy to see something similar in Python— it’s really handy!

[1] https://bundler.io/guides/bundler_in_a_single_file_ruby_scri...
Wipe out 1 million dollars from the economy?? Au contraire mon frere they just added 1 million dollars to GDP!
This works fine when you have partitioned tables over time, and the current partition is row-oriented, while the historic read-only partitions are columnar.
The best was when you could download the book and share a PDF with the class. Fuck the textbook industry, it's extortionate.

I would, however, be thrilled to find a $35 text. The average cost of my upper division textbooks was closer to $200 each. Some courses would assign multiple books.
Indeed. Anything you do with MCP can be done in more traditional ways.
Requeering Wilde