skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> but I still stubbornly cling to the belief that if people are allowed to make their own choices, then you can partition the recreational users from the chronic pain sufferers

I can empathize with this thought (having had an episode of pain disbelief in a hospital myself) but the idea of partitioning recreational users from chronic pain sufferers isn’t reflective of the reality.

They aren’t two mutually exclusive groups. In fact, many recreational users get their start from over-prescribed opioids. Some people experiencing pain and all of the associated emotional difficulties will see the sudden access to opioids as an opportunity or even an excuse to indulge in opioid excess.

Self-medication with opioids also produces a very quick on-ramp to dependence in average users. If you’re anything like me, you prefer to use the minimum dose of any medication and get off as quickly as possible. I’d rather have mild lingering headache pain than take an extra Ibuprofen.

Not so with the much of the general public. I have friends in medicine who believe even Tylenol should be prescription only because of how frequently they see people destroying their livers by taking excessive amounts. Look at simple drugs like Afrin nasal spray and people who become severely dependent for months or years because they can’t even read the directions on the bottle. Open this same door to something euphorically reinforcing like opioids and the number of people walking themselves straight into addictions because they wanted something stronger for the occasional headache would be massive.
>> you can partition the recreational users from the chronic pain sufferers

Except that you can't. There is no bright line between those two groups. Many recreational users/abusers started their journey when prescribed drugs for legitimate pain. Steady use becomes dependency, then you look for other sources, and quickly you are crawling dark web for a dealer in your neighborhood.
AI tool generates high-quality images faster than state-of-the-art approaches
Why is great man theory “abhorrent”?
For reference:

> But mark this: There will be terrible times in the last days. People will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, proud, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, without love, unforgiving, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, not lovers of the good, treacherous, rash, conceited, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God—having a form of godliness but denying its power. Have nothing to do with such people.

-- 2 Timothy 3:1-5
Very cool! Similar to the drum sequencer at drumloopai.com
Then I'll claim Leonardo da Vinci almost did it with his aerial screw in the 15th century ;)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo%27s_aerial_screw
It had to do everything because the business case for it (that it would have sufficient ROI) required it. Even then, the business case was basically fraudulent, and the reality was even worse than the critics like Mondale were saying.
I agree. I need a YouTube presence for this app in general
You'd likely still benefit from using TypeScript and transpiling that to plain JavaScript (preventing a lot of subtle bugs), and tree shaking to minimize your Docker image size (yielding faster deployments).
Even in its original context, it's still a bunch of woo-woo. The core idea, that creating a technology that can improve technology will lead to exponential technological advancement that can be modeled as a mathematical singularity, is very hand-wavy and silly on its face.
> Or base it on Debian if they don't want to be 'beholden' to any company.

Debian typically doesn't support new hardware and software while Fedora does. Personally, I found the balance by using both inside Qubes OS.
It makes sense that there are several heuristics. After all, "Thinking: Fast and Slow" already makes the point that human brains have several layers of processing with different advantages and drawbacks depending on situations.
And John Logie Baird: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Logie_Baird#First_public_...
> Brazilians hear a different story: that the true inventor of the airplane was Alberto Santos Dumont — commonly described here as “the father of aviation.”

Also watch enthusiasts - one of Cartier (who invented the pilots watch) models is the Santos Dumont.
Honestly I've always felt it wasn't done enough. It still isn't done enough against what I'd want but obviously I was years late on when I should have shown it haha
OCI isn't a particularly good image format, the only thing it has going for itself is that it's the thing Docker uses. I would absolutely not be surprised if 90% of future bootc OCI images are built with Dockerfiles.
there are some problems that are just inherently complex by their nature.
Rhetorical, but why do lawyers have to be expensive when they can be your only recluse against being abused by companies? That's part of the problem right there. I understand that law needs to be meticulous, but we're clearly doing something wrong if the system is disproportionately hitting wallets wrong.

The legislative stuff is unfortunate, but partially brought upon by the people. That one more falls to lack of understanding from the voterbase that put those people in. Someone like Nancy Pelosi or Matt Gaetz should not have been so easy to keep winning more terms if you spent 2 minutes researching them. But alas.
How is that an argument? That's just a position with no defense.
I don't really get this argument: "you're saying that one thing, namespaces, isn't implemented in any way resembling a microkernel, but what if we replaced it with another completely different thing, a hypervisor? Then it would be similar!" Yes? Sure?

To me the word "microkernel" expresses how the kernel is structured, not what userspace interface it presents. A microkernel is built by separating kernel services into discrete processes which communicate using a defined IPC mechanism. Ideally, a microkernel offers memory boundary guarantees for each service, either by using hardware memory protection/MMU and running each service as a true "process" with its own address space, or by proving the memory safety of each kernel service using some form of ahead-of-time guarantee.

Of course, doing this lends itself to also segmenting user-space processes by offering a unique set of kernel service processes for each user-space segment (jail, namespace, etc.), but there's no reason this needs to be the case, and it's by and large orthogonal.

I do agree with what I eventually understand the grandparent poster was trying to express, which is that running a bunch of KVMs looks like a microkernel. Because then, you've moved the kernel services into a protected boundary and made them communicate across a common interface (hypercalls).

But that's not how Kubernetes works by default and in the case of containers and namespaces, I think this is entirely false and a dangerous thing to believe from a security standpoint.

> They are ways of segmenting userspace in a more finely grained manner and they do make attacks harder.

From a _kernel_ security standpoint (because we are talking about micro_kernels_ here), I actually think namespaces make attacks much easier and the surface area much greater. Which is basically the entire point I was trying to make: rather than exposing fragile kernel interfaces to exclusively system services with CAP_SYS_ADMIN, you now have provided an ability (unshare) for less-trusted runtimes to touch parts of the host kernel (firewall, filesystem drivers, etc.) which they would normally not have access to, and you have to go back and use fiddly rules engines (seccomp, apparmor, selinux) to fix the problem you created with namespaces.

To be clear, I think from a big picture standpoint, it's a tradeoff, and I'm nowhere near as anti-container/anti-namespace as it may seem. I just get annoyed when I see people express namespaces as a kernel security boundary when they are basically the exact opposite: they are a kernel security un-boundary, and Linux's monolithic nature makes this a problem.
1. I don't see why you need to solve Trusting Trust to make libc and the shell more robust.

2. If we are worried about Trusting Trust, then Rust is worse; at least C has the wide range of compilers needed for diverse double-compiling and as of https://guix.gnu.org/en/blog/2023/the-full-source-bootstrap-... we arguably have a working solution. Rust only has a single compiler, and that compiler is used to build itself, making it the poster child for Trusting Trust targets.
It is general push against vaccines under any available excuse. It is one of more ridiculous and pointless conservative goals.
When will people realize that pasting markdown is a dead giveaway?
People with trauma, neurodivergence, and the like are everywhere. The only place they can get involved in a culture of "let's build computer god" backed with the kind of money that Marc Andreessen, Peter Thiel, and Elon Musk can bring to the table is Northern California.

Perhaps it's the investors who need real problems. Usually that can be caused by having far, far less money.
Without any sort of additional information this seems like just random assortment of colors author happened to like. This sort of article would be much more valuable if it had information how the specific color values were produced.
Golly isn't IP great
This is not altruism. This strange american "look how we suffer for you"-thing is just utterly weird.

Why do you think the US has global power projection capabilities? Why do you think they can control world trade? Why is the dollar still the reserve currency?

The military "altruistic" peacekeeping is a major benefit, from better access to trade agreements to bases everywhere and military support from dozens of countries.

Nothing of that would be possible otherwise. Ending the US' protection also means taking away a massive piece of global influence the US had and turning into a "normal" country, not one the world seems to revolve around.

That's the trade-off. You can't keep the soft power without having partners who rely on you and are going to have a much, much harder stand in future negotiations.

Also, US military spending goes directly back into the US economy. This is absolutely not the same as paying other countries, it's a hidden, long-running stimulus for the MIC.
Ah, right, so the question of the starting point is a good one. I don't know the exact historical answer, but it's worth noting that if your are in minor scale (or Aeolian mode) then the tonic of the scale (for A minor) is indeed A.

Quick check with Claude hints that various modes were in common use in church music prior to major scale (Ionian mode) taking more central place in (western) music theory.
Any one try any of this on a few 7900xtx (or familiarity with this hardware and platform)? I've just purchased 6 for some small-scale experimentation. I'm thinking the next machine I'll use AMD Radeon PRO W7900 (to get 128 GB VRAM / machine).
That's really neat! I made a project for fastapi-like dependency injection for AioHTTP and it also has OpenAPI spec generation. If I could, I would like to use your library for specs instead of self-written solution.

Here's my project repo: https://github.com/taskiq-python/aiohttp-deps
Some people want the gory details. Every non-fiction book can be summarized as (wo)man v something, but in doing so, you lose the plot. So while you may be satisfied with the summary (and you're not alone!), knowing that it's out there is more important for people to buy than the summarization.
1987 "The design and implementation of distributed Smalltalk"

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/38765.38836

https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/html/...

> do not pass messages across processes

Except "The Smalltalk-80 system provides support for multiple independent processes with three classes named Process, ProcessorScheduler, and Semaphore. A Process represents a sequence of actions that can be carried out independently of the actions represented by other Processes."

"Ch. 15 Multiple Independent Processes"
1983 "Smalltalk-80 The Language and its Implementation"

https://rmod-files.lille.inria.fr/FreeBooks/BlueBook/Blueboo...
Evolving Scala
In Common Lisp, at least, it's pretty typical for the compiler or interpretter to have packages for interacting with its internals. For example, `sb-c`, `sb-vm`, and `sb-ext` packages in SBCL; and the `ccl` package with Clozure Common Lisp, etc.

That ability also shows up in the inspector - it's possible to inspect types, classes, functions, etc. and inspect the internal data structures the compiler uses to represent them.

With SBCL it's even possible to modify the "virtual ops" the compiler uses, and emit assembly code that SBCL doesn't support out of the box.

It's a really convenient feature, and it would be nice if to see other languages pick it up.
That just sounds like you don't believe it's ever possible to change existing C code, which... is a position you can argue, but I'm pretty sure that bash and glibc are actively developed to the point where I wouldn't personally commit to that position.
There is this repo converting fastapi to mcp servers without needing it to be a part of apidog here:
https://github.com/tadata-org/fastapi_mcp
Which is an altogether different discussion: the OP focused on compound types, and not on type "aliases" and their benefits.

Most languages and their typing systems would still allow adding speed and fuel-left if you only aliases them, so you are likely going to need to sacrifice ergonomics by wrapping them in a compound type instead.
Over 20 years ago I had a Toshiba Tablet PC convertible that had a beam forming array of microphones and it came with software that let you point where you wanted to record from.

The use case was for lectures, you could tell the laptop to just record from behind it, pointing the beam in the direction of the professor.

Amazing idea and something I haven't seen since.
The trouble with this I think can be covered by two key issues:

1. I did a Control-F "exponential" and found no hits in TFA. I know I struggled trying to come to grips mentally with the real world impacts of an exponential growth curve. Sure, zero cases today, ok 1 case next week, ... the human brain can comprehend linear growth, but exponential growth was very hard for me to understand.

2. Navel-gazing is par for the course for the types of people who typically become journalists (I'm stereotyping here). However in the current legal environment I can imagine it can be dangerous to admit that you've made mistakes in the past. It could easily be weaponized against you as proof that you intentionally defrauded or misled people. To be clear, this is a horrible scenario and an anti-pattern. But when you have about 48% of the voting populace who have been pre-programmed to hate you - not mincing words here - then any admittance of fault or nuance will be lost, and will lead to even more vitriol and distrust.
That could definitely be Google Meet. I think it does some pretty fancy AI background noise reduction.
Growing Pain versus Shrinking Pain: How to Tell If You're Moving Forward [video]
BadGPT: I built an intentionally unhelpful AI chatbot
While working with open-source LLMs, I had a counterintuitive idea: what if, instead of creating another helpful AI assistant, I built one that intentionally subverts expectations? The result is BadGPT – an AI that deliberately misunderstands questions, gives sarcastic responses, and takes pride in its unhelpfulness.

The platform features several built-in personas:

- ValleyGirlGPT: Evaluates your code as either "basic" or "extra" with zero technical substance
- LiteralGPT: Interprets everything at face value (e.g., "You want to KILL a process? That's literally violence!")
- SassyGPT: Delivers answers with maximum attitude and minimal usefulness

What makes this project unique is that anyone can create and share custom AI personas in seconds without coding. Just write a brief prompt describing your AI's personality, name it, and share the link.

Community creations include:

- A Shakespeare bot critiquing code in iambic pentameter
- A pirate AI refusing to debug unless offered virtual rum
- A nihilist assistant insisting all bugs are meaningless in the grand scheme

It's been fascinating to see how interactions change when users know the AI is deliberately difficult. The project creates a refreshing contrast to the AI industry's relentless pursuit of helpfulness and accuracy.

Tech stack:

- Backend: Python/Flask
- Model: Phi-3 Mini (via Hugging Face)
- Storage: Firebase (chat history, custom prompts, analytics)
- Frontend: HTML/CSS/JS

The project is completely free to use. The implementation is straightforward – just a Flask app managing prompts and responses. Try creating your own entertainingly unhelpful AI:

https://badchatgpt.com

I'd love to hear your thoughts and feedback!
To be honest and I am from Cyprus, the BM paid for a lot of archaeological expeditions at a time when Antiquity Laws were laxed and the expeditions could take 2/3 of the finds. The 19th century was another story, Cesnola for example (the, then American Ambassador to Cyprus) literally smuggled almost 30,000 objects, which formed the basis of the Metropolitan Museum.
I don't buy into it. The benefits of abstraction hold for machines, as they can spend less bandwidth when modeling, using and modifying a system, and error is minimized during long, repetitive operations.

Abstraction can be thought of as a system of interfaces. The right abstractions can totally transform how a human or machine interpret and solve a problem. The most effective and elegant machines will still make use of abstraction above machine code.
Gene Kim talks about Rickover quite a bit on the Idealcast podcast. This episode[1] with Michael Nygard has a great story where he shares a memo that Rickover wrote to the representatives that he had at contractor sites. (The context is people in The Naval Reactor Organization or NR, granting waivers to their contractors from NR rules):

> From time to time, I note evidence that NR representatives at field offices, such as a shipyard or laboratory, do not fully understand their primary mission. It is amazing to me how representatives new to these positions uniformly get themselves into the frame of mind, where they conceive of themselves as intermediaries between NR and the contractor. That is, that their job is to judge who is right, NR or the contractor, and then make the decision on their own. In many cases, not even notifying NR. In this way, the NR representative then becomes in effect NR's boss. All NR representatives are of course, encouraged to state their views to me at any time, but it is not their job to assume my responsibility. Another and more serious mistake arises when the NR representative decides what he should or should not report to me. Frequently, he decides not to report things to me because he feels he can handle the matter better himself or he is afraid that by notifying me of the situation, which is his job, I will take ignorant, improper action and upset the applecart. Nearly all NR representatives have had inadequate experience to handle the important and complex tasks they face. I do not expect them to be able to make wise decisions on all matters by themselves. Under some circumstances, it is better to have no NR representative at all because I would not then be lulled into thinking the NR interests are being taken care of. Please bear in mind always that you are the NR representative. That you are to carry out the policies of NR. That you are not to judge NR or to represent the contractor to NR. To achieve the status of a true NR representative requires the acquisition of godlike qualities, but you can try. Signed H.G. Rickover.

[1] https://itrevolution.com/podcast/the-idealcast-episode-10/
you went from "in your own home" to "near abortion clinic" real quick. And abortion clinics IIRC are an area protected from protests or something along those lines.

The man knew. He was told multiple times. He didn't have to pray there. Pretty sure big man upstairs wouldn't mind if he went a few meters down the street.

edit, source: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g9kp7r00vo

further edit: i see said "in your own head", yes, it is in your own head, but the intention is intimidating to those who want healthcare. Pretty sure prayer is not localized.
Judging pain is philosophy more than science.

How do we know what is in someone else's head?
This submitter under other usernames sova and cushpush, have been promoting their japanesecomplete site since 2019 (https://news.ycombinator.com/from?site=japanesecomplete.com) and miso site since 2023 (https://news.ycombinator.com/from?site=miso.beehiiv.com) against the HN guidelines on self-promotion. Turning on "showdead" reveals more of the history for those interested.

Also, there are four previous postings under the sova account, so this is not exactly new. Show HN is not for advertising products.

- Aiko: Learn Japanese Effortlessly, with MMLM-Powered Digital Sensei (japanesecomplete_com/aiko-announcement)
2 points | sova | 1 year ago

- Aiko, learn Japanese rapidly with her help (japanesecomplete_com/aiko-announcement)
1 points | sova | 1 year ago

- Aiko: MMLM (Multimodal Language Model)-Powered Digital Sensei for Japanese (japanesecomplete_com/articles/?p=1574)
3 points | sova | 1 year ago

- Aiko – A New Wave in Learning Japanese – AI-Powered Digital Sensei (japanesecomplete_com/articles/?p=1536)
6 points | sova | 1 year ago

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> This page has simulations of colored bar papers which are not meant to mislead you into thinking they are real images. They are just here to illustrate what real colored bar papers would look like in various different colors.

Well... if your monitor is calibrated to show real print colours... or whatever the proper term is for that. Obviously my monitor isn't.
This is a hard problem. We had similar issues evaluating success with real users. In the literature, there is "abandonment" (i.e. I couldn't find what I wanted and gave up) and "positive abandonment" (I got what I wanted from the SERP and didn't click on anything). A flurry of requests might be a series of positive abandonment, a natural fruitful process of refining the request, or rage querying where the user repeatedly fails to correct a model that is incapable of understanding the query. It's especially devious if they rage query for a while before switching to an easier task and succeeding (e.g. clicking a result) since you might count that whole interaction as positive when it was really quite negative.
I saw the replica of this in Berlin in the museum of technology a few months ago. Worth visiting if you are in town.
Nobody (or nobody in their right mind) argues that AI should be let by itself build productive applications. How about using it as a willing helping hand? I do that and it's really helping me, provided I actually know what it's trying to do and I will correct course - both by re-prompting and by writing the missing pieces by hand. That gives me extra speed, not magical powers.
Nice! Great idea and focus.

I have a similar function built into my app, which takes the proposed name for a checklist and description and uses it to generate steps. Have heard many use it for executive function management: https://steplist.app
It's not ignorant, it's a different perspective on priorities that is outside your orthodoxy.