skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
As I stated already, I don't think "defending Europe is in America's core interest", especially not today — but it definitely was for the bigger part of the post-WW2 period.

Some things will not necessarily show up in the trade numbers: as a random example, a US company like Amazon opening up Amazon EU headquarters in Ireland will not show up as surplus for US economy as long as they reinvest that locally, but most Europeans will see it as a US company and the business contributing to its success — "simple" goes out the window very quickly with global monopolistic companies.

It's funny you focus so much on the "Cold War", when it was mostly a Cold War between... US and USSR. Again, you are making claims as if you know exactly how things would have played out if US did not decide to invest in influencing European politics and economies. Perhaps we would have seen a larger shift to socialism and communism instead (eg. in Spain, socialists have already been on the winning side of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Spanish_general_election).

Even that might not mean strong alignment with USSR, just like Yugoslavia never did even as a socialist, communist country.

I hear you on how Americans perceive the situation differently, but you are similarly not willing to hear out the European viewpoints.

Anyway, I think this has gone long enough — thank you for sharing your perspective, and even if I failed to nudge you towards better understanding the "other side" too, it's always great to hear different viewpoints.
Oh this is cool! Reminds me of led grow lights. You can get a panel with hundreds of LEDs on it for growing plants for like $200
It's been there in programming from essentially the first day too. People skip the theory and just get hacking.

Otherwise we'd all be writing Haskell now. Or rather we'd not be writing anything since a real compiler would still have been to hacky and not theoretically correct.

I'm writing this with both a deep admiration as well as practical repulsion of C.S. theory.
It is expensive to be poor because of feedback loops.

If you lose a job and miss a paycheck this month, maybe you need an extra month to get back on your feet. If you lose housing right away, it's gonna be harder to find a job ("why is your suit wrinkled? why do you smell like you haven't taken a shower in a week?"), which makes it harder to get an apartment that would stabilize things.

We have safety nets so the smallest bump doesn't shoot you right to the bottom.

It shouldn't be indefinite, and the problem is finding how many months of friction should exist before we reach "this aint gonna get better", but instant-cutoff quickly becomes a feedback loop of shit.
>You probably don't need a $300 podcast-class microphone since the audio still gets compressed in transit, though.

Misunderstands the value of a good mic. That's like saying DSLRs and flip phones take the same quality photos if you are compressing them down to 400x400 JPEGs
Automatic conversions have been happening for a long time. In fact, a few years ago there was some combination of settings on my terminal locale settings and man (well, troff/groff most likely) was converting hyphens in param definitions to some sort of dash character, meaning I couldn't copy and paste out of the man page. I think it also affected perldoc for the same reason.

I don't doubt there are publishing platforms that do it automatically as well, so I wouldn't count on seeing them as an indicator of generated output, even if it may be processed in some manner.
The Hijab is the least problem. The polls among European Muslims that show their attitudes towards secularism and various human rights that we take for granted (such as "abandoning your religion") are the problem. As are the consequences, such as parallel societies and the visible tip of the iceberg = actual terrorists and the whole infrastructure for recruiting them and sending them to jihadist hotspots.
There are regular folk who tend to be pedantic with their writing. I'm not sure this is a good test of whether text is generated by LLM. Consider that some may use LLMs to correct spelling or grammar, and the LLMs may often edit an en dash to em dash.
Here's a commonly accepted definition:

> Industrially manufactured food products made up of several ingredients (formulations) including sugar, oils, fats and salt (generally in combination and in higher amounts than in processed foods) and food substances of no or rare culinary use (such as high-fructose corn syrup, hydrogenated oils, modified starches and protein isolates). Group 1 foods are absent or represent a small proportion of the ingredients in the formulation. Processes enabling the manufacture of ultra-processed foods include industrial techniques such as extrusion, moulding and pre-frying; application of additives including those whose function is to make the final product palatable or hyperpalatable such as flavours, colourants, non-sugar sweeteners and emulsifiers; and sophisticated packaging, usually with synthetic materials. Processes and ingredients here are designed to create highly profitable (low-cost ingredients, long shelf-life, emphatic branding), convenient (ready-to-(h)eat or to drink), tasteful alternatives to all other Nova food groups and to freshly prepared dishes and meals. Ultra-processed foods are operationally distinguishable from processed foods by the presence of food substances of no culinary use (varieties of sugars such as fructose, high-fructose corn syrup, 'fruit juice concentrates', invert sugar, maltodextrin, dextrose and lactose; modified starches; modified oils such as hydrogenated or interesterified oils; and protein sources such as hydrolysed proteins, soya protein isolate, gluten, casein, whey protein and 'mechanically separated meat') or of additives with cosmetic functions (flavours, flavour enhancers, colours, emulsifiers, emulsifying salts, sweeteners, thickeners and anti-foaming, bulking, carbonating, foaming, gelling and glazing agents) in their list of ingredients.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_classification

It may well take some similar techniques, processes and chemicals to produce a modern cigarette as it does a chicken nugget.

> Chicken McNuggets®

> Ingredients: White Boneless Chicken, Water, Vegetable Oil (canola Oil, Corn Oil, Soybean Oil, Hydrogenated Soybean Oil), Enriched Flour (bleached Wheat Flour, Niacin, Reduced Iron, Thiamine Mononitrate, Riboflavin, Folic Acid), Bleached Wheat Flour, Yellow Corn Flour, Vegetable Starch (modified Corn, Wheat, Rice, Pea, Corn), Salt, Leavening (baking Soda, Sodium Aluminum Phosphate, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, Calcium Lactate, Monocalcium Phosphate), Spices, Yeast Extract, Lemon Juice Solids, Dextrose, Natural Flavors.
I'm gonna guess GP used a rather short prompt. At least that's what happens when people heavily underspecify what they want.

It's a communication issue, and it's true with LLMs as much as with humans. Situational context and life experience papers over a lot of this, and LLMs are getting better at the equivalent too. They get trained to better read absurdly underspecified, relationship-breaking requests of the "guess what I want" flavor - like when someone says, "make this test pass", they don't really mean "make this test pass", they mean "make this test into something that seems useful, which might include implementing the feature it's exercising if it doesn't exist yet".
(La)TeX would typeset -- as an en dash. --- gets you an em dash.

I, of course, used proper dashes in typeset documents, at least after I'd learnt about them in Knuth's The TeXbook. I have found myself occasionally use them in ASCII contexts just as ---. But I've never sought out the proper unicode character.
Good interviews are the antidote to this. Outside of certain fields ability to do leet code puzzles does not correlate with job performance. An interview where you do some realistic work is the direction we should be moving. Build some small functionality that’s similar to what the company you’re interviewing for does. Let them use tools they enjoy, ai or not. If they fly through it expand the tasks. Talk about why the code they, or an ai wrote works. The tradeoffs in their designs. I’ve given hundreds of interviews without asking a single leet code style question and not regretted it.
In which case what is the point of your comment? I mean what do you expect me to do after reading it, reach a different predetermined conclusion?
Digital cuneiforms: Updated tool expands access to ancient Hittite texts
That just covers electricity. They seem to be implying coverage of a multi-failure scenario.
The devastating truth about the war on education – Raw Story
Wasn't Deepseek also big on RL or was that only for logical reasoning?
Certain corners of the world have absolutely cared about and employed the proper use of all the “dashes” well before but all the way up to 2022. I’d imagine LLMs have just consumed some of that material.
Low frequency radar cannot be used to target the B2. The famous incident in Serbia is because the payload bay was open and that's what the missile was locked on to. Moments before, when the payload bay was closed, the Serbian radar saw nothing, despite being pointed directly at the F-117.

It is an inherent property of low frequency radar that it is not precise enough for weapons targeting. You can't engineer that away.

That being said, these aircraft aren't invincible. If you could visually see the B2, you might be able to essentially hip-fire a SAM at it and hope it eventually picks up some signal as it gets close, but that would be pretty unlikely to work and some missiles might not be capable of doing that at all. There are some soviet systems that are optically guided, and those would probably work fine. In the day at least. Heat seeking A2A missiles would probably also work, though the B2 has some mitigations there. All these options are a significantly limited engagement range though, and I would hope B2s aren't sent alone. A few F35s with the strike would fix all problems. SEAD is way easier when the enemy's radars can barely detect you at 60km. US anti-radiation weapons can reach out to over 100km easily, though even basic SAM doctrine can limit their "Reach out and ruin someone's day" ability.

Meanwhile this entire situation is pathetic. The signal leak demonstrates that even Trump's admin knows that Europe and Israel can handle this themselves, which they insist we shouldn't pay for, and then burn money doing. We couldn't afford $100 billion a year in old, explicitly deprecated systems like Gulf War era Bradleys and weapon systems we stopped using because they aren't that great but are definitely better than nothing and CERTAINLY better than the trucks and golf carts Russia is using, but we can afford $150k per B2 flight hour to turn yet more of the desert into craters.
They could at least inform customers about the censorship and not sweep it under the rug:

> among all of the restricted products identified by this study, none presented a message to the user explaining that the items were unavailable due to regulatory reasons. Instead, each item was communicated as either being “currently unavailable”, “temporarily out of stock”, or that “this item cannot be shipped to your selected delivery location”.
Fla House OKs bill that could lead to more medical malpractice suits
he's a zfellows guy. the whole thing is likely some kind of plant/stunt
I would imagine this is probably the source, which benchmarks using the last 200,000 years. https://www.prb.org/articles/how-many-people-have-ever-lived...

Given that we only hit the first billion people in 1804 and the second billion in 1927 it's not all that shocking.
https://hamatti.org/posts/art-forgery-llms-and-why-it-feels-...

People will just believe whatever they hear.
That’s insanely impressive. Your blog is a gold mine, thank you for sharing
When is someone going to properly reverse engineer Dolby Vision to make a DV to HDR10+ translator
What a beautiful machine.
Hey everyone, I’m the author—really appreciate all the feedback here. If you want to follow along with what I’m working on, I’m over on Twitter: https://x.com/rv_labs. Thanks again!
This is because the original was written using the wrong markup. When the output was ascii, nobody noticed, but it matters when the output is unicode.
Presently re-reading this book, The Elements of Typographic Style. It’s one of the few books I’ve gone out of my way to get a physical copy of – it’s just beautiful.

And I totally agree, space-set en dashes are vastly superior to em. I dislike the way it connects the word more closely to the word in the next clause than the phrase itself.

E.g.
He left—no explanation. Vs. He left – no explanation.

To me, left—no feels like a weird gluing together than a separator for a different section.
As Sara Hooker discussed in her paper https://www.cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(21)00061-1..., bias goes way beyond data.
Even If Those Weren't War Plans in Hegseth's Signal Chat, They Were War Crimes
Pay walled, but if your catching reckless tickets you really need to have your license taken away.

Your either a safer driver or not.
i'm sure you have evidence for this
You are spot on. I was loose with my terms. I was thinking safe in the concept of sandboxing the host, but you are spot on, it isn't memory safe.
I like how the author used neo-Greek words to sneak in graphic imagery that would normally be taboo in this register of writing
Yeah, mostly the same on my US keyboard, except a couple like "@" (that's shift-2 on basically all US keyboards, and is printed on the key) and |/\, which are more prominent on US keyboards (two simply have their own keys, no shift modifier, even). I get the © symbol for option+g (which still kind-of makes sense!)

I appreciate that the designer of the layout clearly attempted to make some kind of mnemonic connection to the degree they could. Makes it easier to discover and remember the key-combos, even without a cheat sheet.
Not really on topic, sorry, but all I can think about when reading this article is the beginning of The Hudsucker Proxy.
The post is great thanks for that but you need a new less clickbaity title to succeed I think :D
It triggers my inner clickbait resistance too much as well. If I didn't go to the reddit comments and saw some good discussion, I would have never read it.
That argument works both ways, it might be significantly higher depending how you count.

But this is also just the non-intuitiveness of exponential growth which has only now tapering off.
This is such an insightful comment. Now that I see it, I can't see unsee it.
The minimum I can choose in-app is £5 ~$6.50/month (unless I do a one-time £3). I notice on their website they accept crypto, stock and "DAF" https://signal.org/donate/
I laid out a chain of easily-verifiable facts and straightforward heuristics to describe one likely outcome. It's not set in stone of course - insurance companies could end up seeing more value in the data for purposes of price discrimination. Or is my prediction so spot on you think I must be a time traveler that knows exactly what happened?
Nice, Mojang should set one of these up at their headquarters.
The whole point or reproducible builds is that you don't need to rely on timestamps and similar information to know which binary you're looking at.
Fascinating papers. Could deliberately suppressing memorization during pretraining help force models to develop stronger first-principles reasoning?
I wrote for a magazine during college days a few decades ago that uses the Chicago manual of style. I still use em dashes, en dashes, and hyphens regularly. They don't show up as such in markdown, but they are effectively: one dash for hyphen, two for em-dash, and one with spaces surrounding it for en dash.
This feels like something that could be done in part by hand. We store documents in KV that are often built deterministically by merging two or three pieces of data, one of which is a form of string interpolation (eg, templates).

Effectively if you had a microservice that did extremely light data processing, and you moved the KV store behind it instead of in front of it, you’d achieve a similar aim. A small cache in front of it or even at the upstream would reduce the calculations in the face of thundering herds.
Balance Puzzle
They mysteriously fell from the portholes.
Similarly, older versions (<3.0) of the provider had a `build` attribute for the `docker_registry_image` resource, which made it possible to build and publish an image to a registry, without causing unnecessary rebuilds if there was no local version of the image on the build host.

Now you have to use the `docker_image` resource to build a local image on the build host, and then use the `docker_registry_image` resource to publish it to the registry. In a CI/CD scenario with ephemeral runners, there will never be a local version of the image on the build host, so the image will always be rebuilt on every Terraform run, even if there are no changes to it.

It's a tricky problem to solve from a provider design standpoint, since building a Docker image necessarily creates a local Docker image on the build host, which may not be a desirable side effect for the `docker_registry_image` resource to have and raises other design questions with no universal answers (Should it delete the local image after building? What if there's already a local image with the same name/tag, but it's not in the Terraform state; should it use the existing one or build a new one and overwrite the existing one? If the `docker_registry_image` resource is removed, should any corresponding local images also be delete? etc.)
In some UK schools, this was the basis for a mathematics investigation for 11 year olds. Do the task for various numbers of frogs, records the results, and try to find a rule - then make a prediction for a certain number, and test it!

A great introduction to the Scientific Method, and a fun activity too.

Here's an example: https://spiremaths.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Frogs.pdf
I happen to know Nix, but it’s from previous experience where I also learned to greatly dislike it. Anyways, did an interview yesterday where the company was using Nix to build and they were completely shocked I had Nix experience.

So yeah, no where near eating anyone’s lunch, let alone the behemoth that is Docker.
if anyone's wondering, the post title is wrong -- both of the first two characters are en dashes (U+2013).
> That $3/month figure actually makes me more concerned. Sure it's low for a business with revenue but donation funded services rarely get donations from more than a few percent of their users

That's way, way lower than most other services, including most messaging services.

And donations aren't Signal's only source of revenue. Over a third comes from other sources.

> So Signal probably needs something like $30-40/month from people who actually donate, which seems unlikely.

Well, they broke even last year, so apparently it does work out.
Beyond Big Tech: The Revolutionary Potential of State Data Commons
Show HN: FancyLock – Linux screenlock with videos. Wayland support coming soon
I've been wanting a fancy screen locker for linux, so I built FancyLock, a screen lock solution for Linux with X11 (and soon wayland) support.
Key Features

- Dynamic media playback during lock screen

- Multi-monitor support

- PAM-based authentication

- Intelligent idle timeout

- Highly configurable

FancyLock aims to solve several pain points with existing screen lockers:

- Boring, static lock screens

- Poor multi-monitor support

Technical Highlights

- Written in Go

- Uses X11 extensions for low-level window and input management

- Flexible media playback with mpv

- Configurable via JSON

Current version is v0.0.1 and supports X11. Wayland support is planned.

GitHub: https://github.com/tuxx/fancylock

Would love to hear your thoughts and feedback!

Edit: Happy to answer any questions about the implementation or design choices.
At first I was aghast at this response to what I thought was not a dismissal but a measured evaluation of the lecture, but upon reflection, we always need to check our privilege.

It's absolutely true that my high school English teacher gave a similar lecture about Frost, and that the curriculum included such points about Frost, but that teacher did have a PhD and left to become an English professor at Oxford.

And it's absolutely true that undergraduate poetry classes can include deeper lectures about poetry construction, but I studied poetry under renowned poets Billy Collins and Thomas Lux, as well as several visiting poet laureates.

And yes, I've been exposed outside of school to many poetry lectures at places like Sarah Lawrence, but my uncle was a Pulitzer Prize winner, my step-father was a well-published poet, and my mother was an English professor and author who studied under Dick Allen and John Barth on her way to receiving America's most prestigious graduate fiction writing degree at Johns Hopkins. I was always traveling to poetry readings and lectures as long as I can remember.

I can't speak to your experience, only mine, but perhaps I've had an uncommon opportunity to spend my early life immersed in the poetry community, and don't have much in common with the average English major.
RTABench – A Benchmark for Real Time Analytics
"Trump's plan is not project 2025, but is Agenda 47 which is on his website" is an objectively true statement.

If a reporter were to write a report saying "I think that Trump is likely to implement Project 2025, because half of his staff worked on the project, and he regularly goes to meetings with the people who work on it" This would be an inference.

But the inference is probably more true than the objectively true statement.
> So these lamps may look like sunlight, but they’re missing some crucial wavelengths.

Which means they're also not going to give me a tan... bug, or feature?
> The minimum I can choose in-app is £5 ~$6.50/month (unless I do £3 one-off).

Price points are location-dependent, which is why it's a nice round figure for you in GBP even though Signal is not based in the UK.

Also, as you noted, they accept donations outside the app.
What's the significance of Stripe here?
> and people decided to reelect him four years later anyway.

Underlying to your sentence seems to be the idea that “people” are dumb, which is also a widespread belief in some political circles. I think this idea is very unhelpful. Maybe some civilians are making bad decisions. Yes that’s probably true. But it’s still better than having some select few decide what is best for us. Politicians have to listen to and respect the people. And not push opinions of certain groups away just because they are “uneducated” or “uninformed”. That’s not politics. Or at least it’s how you get people to vote for the other side.
What's unclear about "this item cannot be shipped to your selected delivery location"?
If it's posted through a publishing platform (not just a commend on one or on a public site), it's very possible they do an automatic conversion of some of the common cases. That could also be filtering down to comment boxes and stuff, I'm not sure.

That's not to say that generated content doesn't use them, just that using them as an indicator might require a bit of nuance based on where you're seeing them.
I've been employing em-dashes extensively since I went on a JD Salinger binge circa 2002. Also, "incidentally", for the same reason. I use "Nb" a lot, from reading a bunch of DFW years ago. Oh, and that very-precise construction he does with "which" all the time, I stole that.

Before LLMs, I think em-dashes mostly signaled that you read books and paid attention to details, to the extent they signaled anything.