skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It seems like you've got it backwards. Even unsafe rust is still more strict than C. Here's what the book has to say (https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch20-01-unsafe-rust.html)

"You can take five actions in unsafe Rust that you can’t in safe Rust, which we call unsafe superpowers. Those superpowers include the ability to:

Dereference a raw pointer
Call an unsafe function or method
Access or modify a mutable static variable
Implement an unsafe trait
Access fields of a union

It’s important to understand that unsafe doesn’t turn off the borrow checker or disable any other of Rust’s safety checks: if you use a reference in unsafe code, it will still be checked. The unsafe keyword only gives you access to these five features that are then not checked by the compiler for memory safety. You’ll still get some degree of safety inside of an unsafe block.

In addition, unsafe does not mean the code inside the block is necessarily dangerous or that it will definitely have memory safety problems: the intent is that as the programmer, you’ll ensure the code inside an unsafe block will access memory in a valid way.

People are fallible, and mistakes will happen, but by requiring these five unsafe operations to be inside blocks annotated with unsafe you’ll know that any errors related to memory safety must be within an unsafe block. Keep unsafe blocks small; you’ll be thankful later when you investigate memory bugs."
I'd say PHP and JS made developers dumb. And this is the kind of "developers" that AI is currently replacing.
In theory, sort of, but I think that in practice this is not a solid enough solution to make an app and its data future-proof. As I see it, PWAs and browser-based databases are more like an offline cache rather than a permanent way to store apps and data:

- They don't get backed up or synced between devices.

- It's very easy to delete them (e.g, you clear browsing data) or lose them (e.g., you get a new computer).

- Users barely know about them, so they don't know they should "preserve them". For users PWAs are basically just a way to get a launcher for the app, and they have no visibility over locally-stored data.

I think browsers right now are not the right platform to give a future-proof guarantee. Disclaimer: I say this while working on a product that wants to become that platform¹, so I've had the chance of thinking about this problem quite a lot in the past few months.

¹ I wrote a bit about it at https://pscanf.com/s/340/, if you're interested.
Aren't door handles becoming popular nowadays though?
TCL is embeddable (in another program). In fact that's how it started.

That means it's a good language to extend your program. I don't know how it compares to Lua, which seems to have replaced it in that space.
>VoA does not broadcast propaganda, they hold themselves to a very high standard of reporting only the truth.

Seriously?
> Abstractions don't properly surface the underlying causes when they break.

"Abstractions" in the abstract neither do nor do not do this, as it is orthogonal to what an abstraction is; concrete implementations of abstractions can either swallow or wrap information about the underlying cause when they break, both are valid approaches.

> but their current level of working isn't exposing those details directly so they can't gain experience

This isn't really true. They absolutely can gain experience; they don't pay a (very high) extra effort with the side benefit of maybe gaining some experience on routine tasks where nothing breaks, and tend to gain experience only if they expend extra effort in situations where things fail or their are unusual challenges to resolve.
TT did all this crazy stuff in the 90s with limited hardware, but their biggest success was making licensed LEGO games.

Making games is hard, but getting IP that people _love_ to begin with is harder.

Might I plug my VR game Rogue Stargun (https://roguestargun.com) which totally doesn't have a certain space opera IP, and concordantly does not sell very well?
Show HN: Rust 100% .github.io
We have just released a 100% Rustlang .github.io.
The front-end is built with Yew and Stylist crate, and the hidden build of trunk entrypoint by horrorshow crate makes up a 100% Rustlang .github.io.
Doesn't work if what you want is against their interests. Hence "soft power" and, if that fails, "bombing for democracy".
Always remember that without the dotcom bubble, eastdakota would be counting in 6 minute increments :P

Sincerely, can you say more about the 8 years of pain? I’m curious how you navigated that, especially with/without relationships, family obligations, “runway” restrictions, etc

Edit: looking at the profile, eastdakota is CEO and cofounder of CloudFlare. There are probably interviews and Wikipedia pages that address my questions.
It seems to me that pinning to a sha was not sufficient; the Renovate bot was updating actions referenced by sha.

Example: https://github.com/chains-project/maven-lockfile/pull/1111/f...

This appears to be governed by the `pinGitHubActionDigests` helper configured in `renovate.json`.
Look, no. Just go read the unsafe block in question. It's just SIMD intrinsics. No memory access. No pointers. It's unsafe in name only.

No need to get all moral about it.
Sounds just like human-written test suites lol
you are on the right way if using HAL feels like cheating! i always recommend starting with implementing a UART bare metal, since you will need a UART for debugging / talking with the chip all the time.
Maybe show a result/example above the fold?
> I've tolerated writing my own code for decades.

The only reason I got suckd into this field was because I enjoyed writing code. What I "tolerated" (professionally) was having to work on other people's code. And LLM code is other people's code.
"understanding the code base has had an essentially 2% success rate for me"

How have you been using LLMs to help understand existing code?

I have been finding that to work extremely well, but mainly with the longer context models like Google Gemini.
Show HN: I tried making landing pages fun again
Hi there!

I'm Mil, creater of NotiFast. Over the past years as a starting entrepreneur, I've noticed something interesting: people that stand out from the crowd are more likely to succeed.

Whether it's in making original content, your website design or something else, the more unique the better.

After seeing PoopUp by Marc Lou, I decided to challenge myself to make a similar product, and here it is.

You can now give a unique touch to your landing pages by adding notifications that can create a personal band with your visitors and convert them into customers.

Do you think this tool could actually help increase conversion rates?
Maybe that's a rule you have but don't speak for the rest of us.
This feels like a great example of crying wolf. In the future I’ll be much less interested in what this author has to say.
Which of your points have I ignored exactly?

You're ignoring my point which is that similar things happen all over the world all the time and without any comparative data they are just anecdotes.

Is the Trump administration applying a different policy? Absolutely. Does that make the US materially less safe for most of us? Open question. Almost certainly not.

So yes, we're not going to have a productive discussion when I am coming at things from a fact based view point and you are presenting anecdotes as being relevant.
Not the majority at all, but some people like me do it for fun :)
My C compiler has been generating assembly code for me for 30 years. And people were saying the same thing even earlier about how compilers and HLLs made developers dumb because they couldn't code in asm.
Relevant: “The Mac, Metadata, and you” (2001) https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2001/08/metadata/
They can also generate documentation of code you've written. So it is very useful if leveraged correctly to understand what the code is doing. Eventually you learn all of the behaviors of that code and able to write it yourself or improve on it.

I would consider it as a tool to teach and learn code if used appropriately. However LLMs are bullshit if you ask it to write something, pieces yes, whole code... yeah good luck having it maintain consistency and comprehension of what the end goal is. The reason it works great for reading existing code is that the input results into a context it can refer back to but because LLMs are weighted values it has no way to visualize the final output without significant input.
Do particles change back into waves? No.
> Compare the feeling of doomscrolling to kneading dough, playing an instrument, sketching... these take effort, but they're also deeply satisfying. When you strip away too much friction, meaning and satisfaction go with it.

Kneading dough sucks if you do it a lot. It's monotonous and tiring. That's why frequent bakers use mixers with bread hooks.

Instruments are designed to be as friction-free as possible, given physical constraints. Friction makes expression more difficult. A violin is the most expressive because it has the least "friction" of valves and hammers and buttons getting in the way.

Sketching similarly is low-friction. That's why it's so much easier than oil painting. You can express yourself hundreds of times more easily, which is why oil painters start with tons of preparatory sketches.

I fundamentally disagree with the premise that friction is desirable. It's not.
Cognitive security is now as important as basic literacy
Saw an idea where one can count with the empty set:

∅, ∅∅, ∅∅∅, ...
Properly its neither a "principle agent problem" nor a "principal agent problem" but a "principal-agent problem" (that is, the problem is a conflict between the principal and the agent [both nouns] nominally acting on behalf of that principal, not a problem with the principal [adjective] agent [noun].)
I agree that simple rewriting could have given some if not all perf benefits, but can it be the case that rust forces us to structure code in a way that is for some reason more performant in some cases?

5-15% is a big deal for a low-level foundational code, especially if you get it along with some other guarantees, which may be of greater importance.
That one hit me hard. I had just quit my job from a prestigious company the previous year to pursue my dream with two friends of building an internet related company and just a few months after we launched the market tanked. And it tanked so hard that we practically went out of business a year later. The problem was that the web back then was so fragile as a business case that once the bubble burst a lot of companies lost interest in investing in it.
Of course many things can be faster than C, because C is very far from modern hardware. If you compile with optimisation flags, the generated machine code looks nothing like what you programmed in C.
You’re conflating clang and LLVM.
If suggested usage means upscaling, it's a dubious trade off. That's why I'm not using it in Cyberpunk 2077, at least with RDNA 3 on Linux, since I don't want to use upscaling.

Not sure how much RDNA 4 and on will improve it.
Internal Software Builders
If we're talking second and third order effects, then we should bring up the capitalism vs socialism debate.

In a separate single example, it's fairly easy to point out what's the right thing to do - as you do with your Stanford guy example. However, history show us that it usually turns out to be disastrous in the long term. Maybe this Stanford guy will make several millions $, and then go back to desiging how to produce those half price solars at scale.
COVID did that too. It was eerie.
It’s not the same because you can’t ask Wikipedia to do your homework or programming task without even reading the result.
Cannabis Use Linked to Epigenetic Changes, Scientists Find
> YouTube is a weird position. A lot of content is public domain and should be freely downloaded. Other content isn’t.

It depends on the jurisdiction actually. In mine (France) and a few others, the right to save material is granted to every citizen no matter the license of the said material as long as the copy is made for private use only (it's called «droit à la copie privée» which translates to “right to private copy”).
Isn't. Ain't is UK.
> They absolutely can gain experience

Not sure where you are getting with this. Yes, literally speaking they can, but what matters is if they actually do, in general, in the real world. My admitedly biassed opinion, based on personaly observating other colleagues, shows that in general, they don't learn and they give up.

Have you noticed an other trend in your circles?
I don't think it's quite as quack of me to present as you might think: it has a somewhat fringe but not unsuccessful body of recent study.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26989784/

I tend to think (as some others do) that it's also a much better way to reason about quantum computation. Should a factorization of a large semiprime number by Shor's algorithm be attributed to the semi-mystical power of The Observer collapsing the wave function (which is who by the way, the sensor, or the person reading that sensor?), or are we instead exploiting realism to do the work?
But MegaDrive games don't look inherently better than OCS Amiga ones - and sound worse to boot. Compare Desert Strike or Battle Squadron which had a version for both systems. Maybe SNES was an improvement; the main advantage was the price of the system instead (and the hidden cost was that the games were 2x - 3x as expensive, which added up quickly).
I am sorry it sounds that way to you. To the best of my recollection I have never heard a voice of America broadcast and have no idea what it's doing after the Soviet Union fell.

So I was asking someone who is supporting it what hen thought about the recent broadcast.

Surely, if you support something, you have some familiarity with it?
For stealing Apple design.
> unsafe {} when you need the absolute maximum performance available.

Unsafe code is not inherently faster than safe code, though sometimes, it is. Unsafe is for when you want to do something that is legal, but the compiler cannot understand that it is legal.
Buggy unsafe blocks can affect code anywhere (through Undefined Behavior, or breaking the API contract).

However, if you verify that the unsafe blocks are correct, and the safe API wrapping them rejects invalid inputs, then they won't be able to cause unsafety anywhere.

This does reduce how much code you need to review for memory safety issues. Once it's encapsulated in a safe API, the compiler ensures it can't be broken.

This encapsulation also prevents combinatorial explosion of complexity when multiple (unsafe) libraries interact.

I can take zlib-rs, and some multi-threaded job executor (also unsafe internally), but I don't need to specifically check how these two interact.
zlib-rs needs to ensure they use slices and lifetimes correctly, the threading library needs to ensure it uses correct lifetimes and type bounds, and then the compiler will check all interactions between these two libraries for me. That's like (M+N) complexity to deal with instead of (M*N).
> There won't be a big protest over this because there is already too much fragmentation of protests and only so much organization and time, and also people are cowards.

There won’t be a protest over this because the optics are bad. Democrats already learned their lesson that defending violent gang members doesn’t work in their favor because of the whole MS-13/“Animals” stuff back in 2019. There is simply no way to oppose this without looking sympathetic to murderous thugs.
I think you misunderstood - he doesn't talk about the causes of the differences at all, just their existence.

The very start of the article explicitly talks about the difference between these things, how did you miss it?

> Debates can be classified into two main types: (a) The description of sex differences, including both the size and variability of sex differences across a multitude of physical and psychological traits, and (b) The origins and development of sex differences, including the complex interplay between social, cultural, genetic, and biological factors that influence sex differences.

> These lines often get blurred. ...

> I believe that this blurring between the descriptive and the explanatory levels of analysis has stunted the field and distorted public debates over these complex and sensitive issues.
Wiki, citation 19

> The largest entities for which the double-slit experiment has been performed were molecules that each comprised 2000 atoms (whose total mass was 25,000 atomic mass units).[19]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment
Tesla drives into Wile E. Coyote fake road wall in camera vs. Lidar test
I live on a farm and there are a lot of things that machines can do faster and cheaper. And for a lot of tasks, it makes more sense from a time / money tradeoff.

But I still like to do certain things by hand. Both because it's more enjoyable that way, and because it's good to stay in shape.

Coding is similar to me. 80% of coding is pretty brain dead — boilerplate, repetitive. Then there's that 20% that really matters. Either because it requires real creativity, or intentionality.

Look for the 80/20 rule and find those spots where you can keep yourself sharp.
Sadly that tool seems to be subscription only? And it does not have an Android version even though they are on iOS.
By your line of reasoning, SIMD intrinsics functions should not be marked as unsafe in the first place. Then why are they marked as unsafe?
It’s not about performance, it’s about undefined behavior.
You’re lucky to even have done OK. Not only did a lot of people get wiped to zero, but
some people ended up in huge debt to the govt.

I know multiple people who went through:

- Exercise an option and “realize a gain”. Have to pay taxes for that year on the realized gains.

- stock crashes to zero or near zero before they had a chance to sell (either because of blackout periods or not being public yet)

- tax burden from year N-1 is still due for hundreds of thousands. Capital loss offset only helps for returns in the following years

Sell to cover if you can
There's no standard recipe for natural gas odorant, but it's typically a mixture of various organosulfur compounds, not hydrogen sulfide. See:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odorizer#Natural_gas_odorizers
The number of tools matters less than the quality of the tools. Rust’s inherent guarantees + miri + software verification tools mean that in practice Rust code, even with unsafe, ends up being higher quality.
These LRADs have always been planned to be used against mass protests, from day one.
> Having LLMs write code for you has a similar effect: the moment you run into problems, you're going to have to make sure you deeply understand exactly what they have done.

I'm finding that, If I don't have solid mastery of at least one aspect of generated code, I won't know that I have problems until they touch a domain I understand.
There's also the class of devices that includes PiKVM, where it's HDMI-to-MIPI for the video capture, and everything else is standard Raspberry Pi capabilities (Ethernet, WiFi, USB host and device, GPIO for motherboard power/reset/LED).
Yes, you are right, should be 'code emitter is LLVM, the same that Clang uses for C'
This seems near identical to chain of draft, albeit more thorough and they actually did training instead of just promoting
https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.18600
It's interesting if there really is a cycle where vendored tooling returns to an emphasis on a strong internal tools & platform team. Previously, I thought it was believed businesses should only specialize in their strengths.
the problem in those cases is that C can’t help but be unsafe always.

People can write memory safe code, just not 100% of the time.
Are things like this and NanoKVM basically the same as TinyPilot, which I've seen discussed on HN?
It lost me when it encourages websites to have sound.
Yep. And I've hated every second when I needed to write something with it. The editor of Notion is horrible, compared to Zed, Vim, Emacs et.al. The markdown import has been broken for years, and it is not easy to export your writeups for storage outside Notion

I'm really happy I got our company out from using Notion. We just do markdown in Linear, which you can copy and paste from an editor easily.
So I only have a B.S. in physics but my impression is that the weird parts of quantum mechanics are fundamentally a measurement problem. At the quantum level, we are very very limited in what we can use to measure properties of a quantum system - which is why we resort to probabilities. Wave functions are just a mathematical representation of a physical property that are (only?) ever operated on using quantum operators which result in a statistical distribution. Because they are so closely tied to probabilities I struggle with interpretations that try to say that perhaps these wave functions are something physical and based in reality (i.e. they are in superposition so particles must take on every possible state at once). An analogy I use is its like when we talk about sample sizes of a population of people, what is an ‘average person’? An average person is not something physical we can pick out, it exists in abstract.
I’m curious if anyone with more experience in QM can shed light on how sound my thinking is here.
What should I do better than ask a low effort question that should require a low effort but high value response?

My supposition is that the person I was responding to has not heard of voice of America broadcast recently--in spite of supporting it-- but I was hoping to be proven wrong.

It sounds like you yourself are not someone who values voice of America enough to tune in.

I'm not either. I have no idea what sort of "soft power" a radio broadcast yields these days and for whom it yields it.

It seems like it is more the cavalry ca. 1950
Very interesting. I like the explanation of why studies often find minimal gender differences despite large differences being obvious in real life. Also it's kind of hilarious how the list of traits that they've found in men and women are exactly the stereotypes that everyone knows but you aren't allowed to say any more.
My rental contract has specific rules about what types of noise I'm allowed to make and between what times. No parties after 10PM and practicing instruments in my apartment is banned altogether. This isn't something that's enforced just by popular culture.
Common Web Application Architectures
I might be biased as the A600 was the first computer I bought with my own money, but there was no way I would have bought a 386SX over the A600.

This article is so tilted towards the American market and that's fine.

I used to play Wolfenstein 3D on a friend's PC. They certainly did not pay anything like what I had, but within a year or so they would have had to upgrade as well. The thing is I could do more with my A600 than most people who used a pc. One the games were there and the games were great to play, the first game I bought for the A600 was almost all I needed for Sensible Soccer, soon to be upgraded to SWOS. but there were probably 50 - 100 games that were just amazing. Photo and Video Editing, Making Music all in 1992 in fact the A600 kept me going way into 1999. I then bought a A1200 but it was not the same...

Saga and Nintendo were the challange to the Amiga, I am not saying Doom did not have a big effect but I think we just assumed there would be a release at some point.

Three words, plug and play!

I do wish Commodore would have released the A1200 in the A600's package if they had. I probably would not have been able to buy it.

I got an Amiga Format magazine in the hope that the 3 half inch disks would fit into my home computer. (( they didn't half an inch out )) lol
It showcased the A600 and the style of the machine was so much better for the time than the A500 it looked sharp and new I ended up buying it within weeks or month or so.

The A500, A600 and A1200 are all prone to discoloration....

I still have two A600's and one A1200 and all of them are still working, not bad for a computer that is 33 years old and took a battering for many years.

:)