skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The US healthcare system is a patchwork of policy, local incentives, and unchecked capitalism that barely works, some of the time. You can read intent into it, but it's really just a big mass of inscrutable complexity.

That said, a lot of the time, inentionally or not, the answer is "it facilitates the transfer of money to the shareholders of the big private health insurance companies"
Letting the LLM explain it more clearly than I can:

What exactly changed according to the FRED definition?
Before May 2020:
M2 included:
M1 (currency in circulation + checking accounts + other transaction accounts)
Savings deposits (including money market deposit accounts, MMDAs)
Small-denomination time deposits (under $100,000, excluding IRA and Keogh balances)
Retail money market mutual fund balances (excluding IRA and Keogh balances)
Thus, M2 = M1 + Savings deposits (including MMDAs) + Small time deposits + Retail MMFs.

After May 2020:
M1 was expanded to include savings deposits and money market deposit accounts (previously, savings and MMDAs were NOT part of M1; they were only part of M2).
Since savings and MMDAs moved into M1, the definition of M2 no longer needs to separately add these categories—they are already captured within M1.
Thus, after May 2020, the Fed simplified the definition to:

M2 = (New) M1 + Small-denomination time deposits + Retail MMFs

But importantly, note the following:

M1 itself was significantly expanded (now including savings and money market deposits), causing M1 to spike substantially overnight.

M2 overall did NOT lose or gain any category. It still includes all the exact same accounts and balances. It simply shifted the categorization of savings deposits and MMDAs into M1, so these no longer need separate listing when describing M2.
Interesting.

In many industries there are contract manufacturers that produce products for many different brands.
I’ve found the following 2020 note about a change to M1 definition (not M2) and which didn’t make M1 supply look smaller but larger.

I think you should back up your claim with a reliable source.

> First Monthly H.6 Statistical Release
As announced on December 17, 2020, the Board's Statistical Release H.6, "Money Stock Measures," will recognize savings deposits as a type of transaction account, starting with the publication today. This recognition reflects the Board's action on April 24, 2020, to remove the regulatory distinction between transaction accounts and savings deposits by deleting the six-per-month transfer limit on savings deposits in Regulation D. This change means that savings deposits have had a similar regulatory definition and the same liquidity characteristics as the transaction accounts reported as "Other checkable deposits" on the H.6 statistical release since the change to Regulation D. Consequently, today's H.6 statistical release combines release items "Savings deposits" and "Other checkable deposits" retroactively back to May 2020 and includes the resulting sum, reported as "Other liquid deposits," in the M1 monetary aggregate. This action increases the M1 monetary aggregate significantly while leaving the M2 monetary aggregate unchanged

Source — https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h6.html
No, text can only refer to them. There is not a text on this planet that encodes what the heat of the sun feels like on your skin. A person who had never been outdoors could never experience that sensation by reading text.
They don't need to recoup their investments in discovery and regulatory approval.
It’s unreliable and recently ICE has deported people who are attempting to legalize their status.
https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/free-books/fiance-ma...

https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/south-florida-ice-hsi-mig...
I did think you meant it literally. Since I can't replicate the question you asked, I have no way of verifying your claim.
The comment you replied to was correct, as M1 was expanded to include savings deposits.

Here's a link to a Q&A about the change, and the relevant explanation.

"3. Why are savings deposits being recognized on the H.6 statistical release as a transaction account?
Posted: 12/17/2020

A. As announced on March 15, 2020, the Board of Governors reduced reserve requirement ratios on net transaction accounts to 0 percent, effective March 26, 2020. This action eliminated reserve requirements for all depository institutions and rendered the regulatory distinction between reservable “transaction accounts” and nonreservable “savings deposits” unnecessary. On April 24, 2020, the Board removed this regulatory distinction by deleting the six-per-month transfer limit on savings deposits in Regulation D. This action resulted in savings deposits having the same liquidity characteristics as the transaction accounts currently reported as “Other checkable deposits” on the H.6 statistical release.

To account for the change in their liquidity characteristics, savings deposits will be recognized as a type of transaction account on the H.6 statistical release"
PBRs have contracts with medical insurance. They get paid based on how much money they "save" the insurance company.

"Save" is defined as list price minus contracted price that the insurance pays for the drug.

PBRs manipulate the list price to be higher so that they "save" the insurance company more money.

They also manipulate the co-pays so that patients will choose drugs that "save" the most, as opposed to the lowest price drug.
Fair enough. I'm pretty sure OP meant M1. My comment reads more like a "well akshually" than a useful point (since technically M2 changed, but not in a meaningful way).

Anyway, I think we understand each other.
TBF, I like the browser doesn't change that much. I install it for / recommend it to friends/family/etc and big changes would only increase the support I have to do. I think forks are much better suited to try out new concepts, which eventually might end up in the browser (I enabled the vertical tabs in 136 and I love them).
M1 changed in a way that made M1 larger.

So explaining M2 in terms of M1 only works if you include those definition in the equation. Otherwise it will falsely look like M2 fell by the amount that M1 rose.
For those who might be interested, a similar site for Canadian charities is Charity Intelligence.

https://www.charityintelligence.ca/
Because it's lethal
What features?

The only two features I can think of that iMessage has which discord/whatsapp/etc don't are:

1. Automatically can flip to "do not disturb" mode when my phone is in sleep mode, and display that notice to my companion. Other chat apps require manually configuring that I think. I also suspect apple doesn't provide an API to make this easily possible for other apps.

2. iMessage makes it easy to identify the poors, the android users, and ignore them. If I exchange numbers on a dating app and get a green bubble, I can know to immediately ghost them.

Are those the features you were thinking about, or something else?
Life expectancy in the US is behind 47 countries according to https://www.worldometers.info/demographics/life-expectancy/

Infant mortality rate is behind 53 countries: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/infant-mortalit...

This definitely won’t be representative of the full spectrum of health care, but it’s what I found after a quick search. I wouldn’t call it woefully behind, but definitely not winning any medals anytime soon.
Show HN: Extension _> Test your REAL internet speed within seconds
Cut down the steps to go to a new browser and type in the search to test your speeds.
Now with 2 clicks test your speed without leaving your browser.
Need to read the details, but removing the norm can be big. It’s always a pain to make sure that your network is normalized properly when trying new architectures. Likely there will still be other implications of the tanh, since the norm is sometimes solving a conditioning problem, but IMO more alternatives are welcome
34th on life expectancy:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK571929/

Spending per capita is a disaster:

https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/health-...

Retirement ranking 29 of 48
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.cnbc.com/amp/2024/10/16/her...

You're welcome to participate in the conversation beyond just sea lion king.
The psychology is getting weird in a giradian way. The perception of Elon’s power is reaching super natural levels. He controls the government and the stock market, the future of technology, etc.

So Tesla is becoming a voodoo doll for accessing Elon.
A British tourist has been in immigration detention for weeks after she was accused of “working for room and board” by doing some household chores while staying with a family in Portland.

https://www.thenewstribune.com/news/local/article301877574.h...
Seeing Apple openly collaborate on an interoperable standard is refreshing
Alexa with GenAI is a paid (via Prime for now) product, right?

Echo can work offline for control of Zigbee devices connected to Echo (non-Dot) Gen4, which is a Zigbee hub with US firmware. Voice commands such as "Turn Porch Light On" can be processed locally on Echo and executed immediately, without an internet connection, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43368008

If an Alexa customer is using this offline functionality today, with no interest in GenAI or other online features, how can Amazon remove it?
> Most people support Tesla, Elon and Trump.

A sweeping generalisation, perhaps? Maybe it's something you _want_ to see rather than what's _actually_ there to see.
All-Hands Siri Team Meeting Leaks to Bloomberg
Hi guys

I created this initially for myself and seeing the doubts I used to check my internet speed at least once a day just because I sometimes found my ISP non reliable.

I see there are amazing services that are used like speedtest.net by ookla or fast.com by netflix but those are commercial speed with optimized servers and this led me to think what if I could just try a different algo to get a more real speed to what I get..hence I introduce 2 modes in this tool, one is standard which is real life speeds and other is commercial which is what we get closer to ookla style speed test results.

I will be also doing a technical article on this and how the tool works within a week or 2, until then this is the short story.

I would love for you to try it or you can completely discard it if its not up to your style of work or doesn't fit in your workflow.

See ya!

KV
Short answer: Systems 1, 3, 12, or 23 in Figure 3 in this paper are pretty good options: https://eclass.ekdd.gr/esdda/modules/document/file.php/KST_B...

This is an extremely politicized question in the US, where a public health insurance option (a solution that's popular in much of the rest of the OECD) is fiercely opposed by a large swath of the population.

At the very least though, in an ideal world, payers, providers, pharmacies, and PBMs should not be allowed to be part of the same company.
the re-definition seems fairly early in COVID (May 2020) rather than "In the middle of Covid" and appears to only drop savings deposits. [1]

> Before May 2020, M2 consists of M1 plus
(1) savings deposits (including money market deposit accounts);
(2) small-denomination time deposits (time deposits in amounts of less than $100,000) less individual retirement account (IRA) and Keogh balances at depository institutions; and
(3) balances in retail money market funds (MMFs) less IRA and Keogh balances at MMFs.

> Beginning May 2020, M2 consists of M1 plus
(1) small-denomination time deposits (time deposits in amounts of less than $100,000) less IRA and Keogh balances at depository institutions; and
(2) balances in retail MMFs less IRA and Keogh balances at MMFs. Seasonally adjusted M2 is constructed by summing savings deposits (before May 2020), small-denomination time deposits, and retail MMFs, each seasonally adjusted separately, and adding this result to seasonally adjusted M1.

isn't it more accurate to point to M1 which increased substantially?

Name Jan 2021 Dec 2020 Jan 2020 Units

M1 18,063.1 17,803.0 3,977.6 Billions of Dollars

M2 19,335.0 19,110.3 15,401.3 Billions of Dollars

M1 was also re-defined to move savings deposits (including money market deposit accounts) from M2 to M1.

> Before May 2020, M1 consists of (1) currency outside the U.S. Treasury, Federal Reserve Banks, and the vaults of depository institutions; (2) demand deposits at commercial banks (excluding those amounts held by depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign banks and official institutions) less cash items in the process of collection and Federal Reserve float; and (3) other checkable deposits (OCDs), consisting of negotiable order of withdrawal, or NOW, and automatic transfer service, or ATS, accounts at depository institutions, share draft accounts at credit unions, and demand deposits at thrift institutions.

> Beginning May 2020, M1 consists of (1) currency outside the U.S. Treasury, Federal Reserve Banks, and the vaults of depository institutions; (2) demand deposits at commercial banks (excluding those amounts held by depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign banks and official institutions) less cash items in the process of collection and Federal Reserve float; and (3) other liquid deposits, consisting of OCDs and savings deposits (including money market deposit accounts). Seasonally adjusted M1 is constructed by summing currency, demand deposits, and OCDs (before May 2020) or other liquid deposits (beginning May 2020), each seasonally adjusted separately.

[1] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2SL

[2] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M1SL
Given how telcos historically handled messaging (like MMS), skepticism is understandable
They did, it is worth watching, and it most definitely does not make the claim that Keller scuttled the story because he wanted GW to win the election.

I've never heard anyone except user Luma at the top of this HN thread make that claim.

If anything the time and energy devoted on this thread to disputing an apparently hastily-written and not fact-checked claim is evidence for why serious journalism (and a good editor!) is worth its weight in gold.
> (if you ignore CNG busses, which have existed forever and are "almost as good as hydrogen could be")

In most of the US yes, in dense big cities they're still quite a bit worse (especially if they run at night too) because they're very noisy compared to electric or hydrogen.

I live in such a place where the buses were all CNG and are now shifting to electric. Unfortunately the switch isn't going too quickly, but every time an electric bus goes by the peace and quiet is blissful. I think every new bus they buy is electric, but I get that they don't want to throw out all of the existing CNG stock.
I am writing some LLM-based app scripts, this feels like a breeze!
How does this siphon the secrets away? It looks like it just dumps them out to stdout and stops there.
Just you wait. Here in America when your city becomes crime ridden enough you start leaving it unlocked again.
They’re ranked 32nd in fiscal sustainability in relation to healthcare and 10th overall.

48th in life expectancy.

29th in retirement security.

24th in science education.

38th in math.

36th in the Gini index.

27th in social mobility.

This is why U S A chants are always so cringe.
No one is going to make you download this.
The article clearly states that providing enough power to run the heaters was one of the challenges that led to the death of the probe. Satellites are rarely in the shade for an extended period.
Hope it wasn’t the underwear specifically.
Why are you getting so riled up? It’s an interesting question to get multiple perspectives. You are rambling about all kinds of unrelated things.
He'll get a hearing in immigration "court", an administrative court where the judge is on the payroll of the agency and very few rights you have in normal courts apply. Just to give one example, these are the same courts that have been putting 3-year-old children on trial without representation and calling that "due process".
Your point about Google's central role is spot-on, and without an open, Google-independent implementation, RCS does remain problematic for anyone avoiding that ecosystem.
> I haven't seen a single Neovim feature that actually helps me get work done more efficiently than how I already do it with Vim.

I feel that Neovims implementation of LSP and Treesitter is better than in Vim, and Lua is a magnitude better than Vimscript.
> decrement on anything involving capital expenditure

Boy is this true. I don’t think we ever recovered. Imagine trying to start a capital intensive business like mining in 2025.
Ask HN: Does legal tax evasion work for regular people?
Hello fellow HN readers,

For some time now I've been researching how to become a digital nomad and legally optimise my taxes.

There are numerous services that claim to be able to help with this, here are just two examples that I found:

https://taxhackers.io

https://denationalize.me

Does anyone have any experience of this and can tell me if it really works and is legal?

Also, why do they charge so much when there are other services that can do this for much less (e.g. Stripe Atlas: https://stripe.com/atlas)?

I am thinking of moving to Thailand, but I do not want to be a perpetual traveller. Can setting up a US LLC as a non-resident (or a UAE free zone company) be considered "foreign sourced income" without being taxed even if I am a tax resident of Thailand (>180 days living there) and what experience can you possibly share if you have tried something like this before?

What additional advice can you give me and others to make this a great trip instead of a nightmare?

Thanks for all your input and a healthy discussion on this topic!
Yeah that's all of open source. Only thing that would separate this from any other open source totp app is how popular it got OR if that open source app was funded by a for profit company like bitwarden is.
Is position #10 in https://octoverse.github.com/2022/top-programming-languages bad?

It ranks right after Shell (#8) and C (#9). Ruby is still a mainstream language, and it's fairly easy to find a Ruby job. Compare that to Clojure or Haskell.
"Ne Zha 2" becomes fifth highest-grossing film of all-time
great looking ui and implementation, and kudos on the launch. how do you handle cases where predefined scoring metrics don’t fully capture what ‘good’ means for a specific use case, like ranking legal documents or detecting nuanced sentiment in customer reviews?
Well, it’s a medication designed for diabetes (the weight loss variant has a higher dosage and different brand name, Wegowy or so), and for diabetes the usage is, by default, permanent. Unless it is replaced by other medication or if the lifestyle changes make the insulin resistance not be an issue any more.
It's interesting to see where the economics align with software. Web advertising paired with search and a browser. And it worked. I can't recall a better outcome supporting modern communication than Chrome and all it contains. The harmony between the business, software and market need was very well aligned.
That's falling apart now due to LLM's taking over much of what previously was search, and Google's innovator's dilemma between AI/LLM and traditional search. While the revenues are stronger than ever this seems unlikely to continue long term. So the dynamic is changing naturally.
Reminds me of how a strange contemporary religion where believers families take over a planet, resulted in this group building an amazing genealogy web service (familysearch.org). Or how US hegemony naturally leads to it's military, or how the theocratic monarchy of ancient Egypt was good for the masonry industry--even affecting modern tourism, or how Roman roads form the paths leading to today's major European cities.
China and Russia are working hard to either replace or invalidate the US for the first point.
Aged like sour milk.
Medicare should spend 1% of its budget each year to buy pharma stocks. Slowly it will become neutral to drug prices since what it pays for expensive drugs will be returned in the stock value.
>The space surrounding you may not have a temperature

Just to be pedantic, it actually does, which is the microwave background radiation. But that doesn't detract anything from your point.
I see what you are referring to, thanks.

'Pressure' doesn't mean fear necessarily. It could just result in different calculations of concern or risk.

More importantly, the word 'pressure' upthread was written by a random Wikipedia editor. It's not quoting NYT editor Bill Keller. I think reading much into it - or even relying on it at all - is risky.

From what I know, do I think the Bush administration attempted to pressure the NYT? I wouldn't be surprised. But the evidence says the Bush team made arguments about risk to national security. Those certainly could have influenced the NYT, and I think the NYT said that.
Those are other powers filling the vacuum.
Okay so you give the sandboxed app access to ~/Documents and those get encrypted…

I think most people don’t care about their system directories but their data?

Backups and onedrive for enterprises, yes. :)
Unfortunately, I haven't seen any concrete announcements on opening RCS to external programs or independent devices yet
well, a browser owned (and de-owned) by an internet advertising company is enough for me not to ever touch that. We already have a chrome, which is one of the reasons we're in this mess to start with.

And yea, I did use waterfox like a decade ago.
> I knew I was onto something: 90% of the people I explained this to thought I was a moron. The other 10% saw only sheer brilliance.

This is the water witching stick of divine knowledge.
That doesn’t tell you how important it is, because certainly nobody is currently planning to replace private charity spending with public institutions.
OK, but ... those people may not be 'concern trolls' at all (whatever that means).
It’s all infrastructure, physical and non physical.

There was an investment gap of 2.6 trillion dollars under Biden. Expect that gap to increase and see way more stuff collapse in the coming decades.
Animation looks like how a skilled fighter might used a double barbed weapon. Maybe there is a connection? Minimise movement (time, energy use) while maximising agility?
> No matter how many times you read that, you cannot understand what the experience is like.

OK, so you don't have qualia. But if know all the data needed to complete any tasks that can be related to this knowledge, does it matter?
I work for an oil and gas company. It has been specifically stated by my company that they are seeking support for hydrogen as a fuel because it adds value to their gas reserves - natural gas is roughly 75% hydrogen on a molar basis.

The idea is to stimulate demand for "green-ish" hydrogen (that is by grid-connected electrolysis); once demand for the hydrogen is there, it can be supplied by blue hydrogen. The O&G companies aren't super keen on green hydrogen made by dedicated renewables off grid, and they LOVE the approach of "we'll start off with grey hydrogen then we'll move to blue and green in the future".

This is very specifically a strategy to increase the amount of natural gas that can move from resources to possible reserves to probable reserve to proven reserves. That's how you increase the value of your company, which is how you get a fat bonus as a CEO.

You don't get a fat bonus by telling the truth or being right.
The article covers many cases that predate the current administration. I'm not contesting your point, but I think TFA is about a bipartisan failure to keep federal data collection infrastructure up to date.
A quote I’ve seen going around but not verified conveys that outsized attention quite well: “There are more people with measles right now than there are transgender college athletes”.
When you never step foot inside a grocery store, it's easy to think that the price of takeout is just the normal price of food; that the "luxury" kind of food you don't eat all the time are the Michelin-star type places; that takeout is cheaper than cooking yourself because the restaurants do everything in bulk and pay low wages.