skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> You can take it a step further:

No, that is essentially what Linux does in this article (and by the looks of it also ffmpeg).

struct file does not have a bunch of pointers to functions, it has a pointer to a struct file_operations, and that is set to a (usually / always?) const global struct defined by a filesystem.

As you can see, the function types of the pointers in that file_operations struct take a struct file pointer as the first argument. This is not a hard and fast rule in Linux, arguments even to such ops structures are normally added as required not just-in-case (in part because ABI stability is not a high priority). Also the name is not mangled like that because it would be silly. But otherwise that's what these are, a "real" vtable.

Surely this kind of thing came before C++ or the name vtable? The Unix V4 source code contains a pointers to functions (one in file name lookup code, even) (though not in a struct but passed as an argument). "Object oriented" languages and techniques must have first congealed out of existing practices with earlier languages, you would think.
Ecosia have been going a while, and I don't want to be that guy 'just asking questions', but...

Is there some sort of independent verification of the trees being planted and their impact? I wonder if there is a study into the effect of their interesting green reinvestment setup vs a traditional for-profit businesses (Google is the obvious example) and their environmental impacts.
I think that's underselling it. Performance is good, up by a significant margin, and the VRAM boost is well worth it. There's just no efficiency gain to go along with it.

It looks to me like you could think about it as a performance/VRAM/convenience stepping-stone between having one 4090 and having a pair.

Paired 5090s, if such a thing is possible, sounds like a very good way to spend a lot of money very quickly while possibly setting things on fire, and you'd have to have a good reason for that.
It misses a key point that affects this.

If there were no or few rare earths and the deal only asked for 50% of this small/non-existant resource then Ukraine would have signed it.

They didn't sign it in part because it asked for basically half the countries mineral resources, gas, oil, coal etc.

Which makes more sense if, to your point, the deal was to make an unreasonable offer that couldn't be accepted, and use that to make the current Ukraine government look bad.
Why on Earth would I trust this?
SEEKING WORK

Location: India

Remote: Yes

Willing to relocate: No

Technologies: Android, Flutter, React and Go

Résumé/CV: https://burhanrashid52.com/consultation

Email: burhanrashid5253@gmail.com

Github : https://github.com/burhanrashid52

Website : https://burhanrashid52.com

My name is Burhanuddin Rashid, and I am a software engineer with 8+ years of experience in developing mobile applications. I am an open-source enthusiast and a Google Developer Expert in Dart and Flutter.

I owe most of my career to the open-source community. I got exposed to this when I open-sourced my first Android PhotoEditor library, which reached around 3.8K stars and is still active. This led me to an opportunity to speak at Droidcon Berlin 2021, sharing my open-source learnings.

My biggest contribution so far in the product was to improve code and app quality by introducing testing to the team.
Before that, I was the Android tech lead to build an offline-first app to manage package delivery with real-time location tracking, collaborating with a remote team. Apart from this, I've also worked on web and backend technologies like React and Spring Boot,
which gives me additional knowledge of how the system works end-to-end.

Also, in my free time, I learn and share my knowledge by writing blogs, newsletters, Youtube videos, or speaking at conferences.
I don't think the UK is willing to licence any shortwave for broadcasting. There's pirates of course but I think Ofcom still track down persistent offenders on shortwave.
Tbh an S2000 nowadays is somewhat slow. Fun and cool but not quick. Electrics do stupid good launches 0-30 but past that you're just comparing a brand new likely 4-500hp car to a very peaky, old, 240hp car.
If you think someone can only have a good vote if they have a good media diet then you are the threat to democracy.
Hm, I've seen this line of argumentation a lot, and I'd like to name it as a fallacy. It's basically "perfect is the enemy of the good", where one good action is dismissed because it's still not perfect.

The product will get less bad for me when chasing revenue from me than how bad it will get for me when it's chasing revenue from someone who isn't me.
P40s are so slept on. 24gb vram for $150.
Location: India

Remote: Yes

Willing to relocate: No

Technologies: Android, Flutter, React and Go

Résumé/CV: https://burhanrashid52.com/consultation

Email: burhanrashid5253@gmail.com

Github : https://github.com/burhanrashid52

Website : https://burhanrashid52.com

My name is Burhanuddin Rashid, and I am a software engineer with 8+ years of experience in developing mobile applications. I am an open-source enthusiast and a Google Developer Expert in Dart and Flutter.

I owe most of my career to the open-source community. I got exposed to this when I open-sourced my first Android PhotoEditor library, which reached around 3.8K stars and is still active. This led me to an opportunity to speak at Droidcon Berlin 2021, sharing my open-source learnings.

My biggest contribution so far in the product was to improve code and app quality by introducing testing to the team.
Before that, I was the Android tech lead to build an offline-first app to manage package delivery with real-time location tracking, collaborating with a remote team. Apart from this, I've also worked on web and backend technologies like React and Spring Boot,
which gives me additional knowledge of how the system works end-to-end.

Also, in my free time, I learn and share my knowledge by writing blogs, newsletters, Youtube videos, or speaking at conferences.
Good luck with that AI fantasy

If you ask Christof Koch, Ph.D., Chief Scientist and President of the Allen Institute for Brain Science, how close we are to understanding our own brains, he scoffs.

“We don’t even understand the brain of a worm,” Koch said.

The lab roundworm, more technically known as Caenorhabditis elegans, houses 302 neurons and 7,000 connections between those neurons in its microscopic body. Researchers have painstakingly mapped and described all those connections in recent years. And we still don’t fully understand how they all work synergistically to give rise to the worm’s behaviors.

We humans have approximately 86 billion neurons in our brains, woven together by an estimated 100 trillion connections, or synapses. It’s a daunting task to understand the details of how those cells work, let alone how they come together to make up our sensory systems, our behavior, our consciousness.
Great example of forgotten cultural wisdom, absolutely would have reduced dust mite pressure.
So... why would you be more careful with that than Google or Bing? No matter what search engine you use, you will have a company with their agenda behind it.
I think "becoming Steve Jobs" is a far better book.

I feel like the official Isaacson biography was trying to tell a story, and would twist facts and reality to fit that story. This certainly makes for entertaining reading, but is not a great way to study history.

Meanwhile "Becoming Steve Jobs" gives the reader glimpses into Jobs's life, often very contradictory glimpses, ones that don't really tell you what to think. It shows you how complex of a person he really was.
Even if it's "end-to-end encrypted", what stops me from opening two connections simultaneously and connecting them to one another in order to eavesdrop?
It’s a bit awkward that “in 2025” (your words) you’re focusing so heavily on gender, especially with a subpar implementation: You only allow “male” and “female” (which right off the bat will make many people close the website, even if they identify with either), have zero checks (as if people didn’t lie about that on the internet all the time), and make people type it themselves (when it should be a dropdown or radio button, if you only allow limited choice).

Why be so adamant about it? It’s not like you built a dating service. The website has a shady vibe in general, I expect most women will be put off by the very thought of outing themselves to thirsty creeps.
Reflect for iOS (black and blue circle icon). I found today on a search through Reddit r/QuantifiedSelf. The UI isn’t that polished, but it’s super customizable and has JSON export. Also has built-in analytics, like experiments.

Previously I was using Daylio, but that only allows you to make one entry per day.
In my case it's Kagi and Fastmail. Fastmail primarily because I don't want to support Google and Kagi because it's genuinely better than the alternatives.
RNAV are less common than people think, and given the limitations appear to mostly be used as secondary help in conditions where one could possibly go by vectoring.

Losing them however does drop capacity because now you need extra work to get planes to final.
My M3 was parked for 3 months and went from 80% to 60% which I'm perfectly happy with. Just arrived home, got back in it and drove. It was on WiFi, no sentry, and checked in on it only every 3 weeks or so.
Ecosia is a non-profit, so being profitable is not their mission.
Each month they publish a breakdown of their expenses and donations. In January they got around 4 million euros, so I’d say they are certainly successful at what they do.
I am a young developer (22y) but find me almost all the time using "old" frameworks / programs form the unix world. i find most of the modern tools just overwhelming and hard to debug due to the increased complexity. or me, Unix is like a construction kit made up of individual components that simply work, Do One Thing and Do It Well - this always ensure that you can just clue that stuff together.

I am always amazed that many of these things (Unix, C, IP, Ethernet) were developed in the 70s/80s and are still relevant, useful and today. At that time, people also had a technical interest in developing software and had to deal with very limited resources, maybe this is no longer the case in many cases today

i am helping maintain a big automation system for a customer which is generates several million in sales per year and is built just with simple unix tools, perl, mqtt, nginx - a very low tech stack - running on a small 2 core machine.

the cloud-based solution that existed before had enormous performance problems, ran unreliably, was difficult to debug and was several times more expensive in terms of both development and running costs
Vouching and upvoting this. In case the context got lost by the original downvoters, this is in reference to Mark Zuckerberg's leaked conversations about creating Facebook [0]. I wouldn't be surprised if (some) Tesla employees/executives indeed internally hold a similar sentiment about their customers.

[0] https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/apr/17/facebook-...
Various research has shown that the variation can be much higher than 15% due to things like this. It's not that rare; I keep bumping into it. Compilers and linkers do a reasonable job but fundamentally modern CPUs are extremely complex beasts.

I found Casey Muratori's series the best explanation of what is going on at the CPU level.
Yes, definitely spins a bit differently from my version. Thanks for looking it up!
Not to attack OP but when I see comments like those I think we're fucked.

If even on HN peoples care so little for privacy it's no wonder Mozilla could not truly push the privacy angle and are forced to resort to IA crap ...
F-35 'kill switch' could allow Trump to disable European Air Force
270, wow. You could just ignore the estimate number, or go back to gas. My “tests” haha are more like 2,500 - 3,500 miles with almost ten of these under my belt and I’m a happy camper, and I don’t have to go slow but then I chose the brand with the good charging network, and I follow my formula and I own (and embrace) the extra burning of range because it’s my choice to drive hard.

Aerodynamic drag increases with the cube of speed, so if you are even a smidgen over 50 mph average, just own it.
Exactly, it's just that producing them in the EU is a lot more expensive.

On this, Trump's policy of putting tariffs on chips manufactured in Taiwan makes sense to make it worthwhile to put the fabs in Europe.
People turn it off these days because their fear of the level of pain is disproportionate to the effort to get it working. The reference policy covers 99% of most peoples needs.
Hi everyone, my body is full of anxiety posting this. But we really did manage to strongly solve the game! And we're the first to do it. And here's the post on how we did it!

I really hope there's some people out here who enjoy reading it. I certainly enjoyed writing it. This whole sharing it thing though? Nervous wreck! That's me. Oh boy.
It took 3 months for the US to shift from actively supporting Ukraine’s defense to actively undermining it. China is more ambiguous, with a neutral stance, the US is now actively going against Ukraine and Europe’s interests by siding with Putin.

So if you have a choice between a schizophrenic, antagonistic US, and a China who doesn’t care much about human rights but wants to keep stable international trade relationships, I’m really not shocked if you pick the later
Remote debugging is a thing but not very practical when you have hundreds of instances of your application running across dozens/hundreds of servers.

For smaller scale apps it's a godsend but I haven't worked in that environment in more than a decade so remote debugging is essentially useless in my work.
The Coz profiler from Emery Berger.

It can actually go a step further and give you decent estimate of what functions you need to change to have the desired latency/throughput increases.
Show HN: Camouflage: The modern way to hide sensitive values in VS Code
Hey fellow developers,

Ever been in a situation where you're screen sharing during a meeting or recording a tutorial, and suddenly realize your API keys and passwords are visible in your .env files? I've been there too many times, so I built Camouflage - a VS Code extension that automatically hides sensitive values in environment files.

Camouflage was inspired by John Papa's Cloak extension, but takes the concept much further with features like:

- Automatic Value Hiding: Automatically hides values in .env files while preserving the keys

- Multiple Hiding Styles: Choose from different styles (text, dotted, stars, or custom)

- Quick Toggle: Via status bar, context menu, or keyboard shortcuts
- Selective Hiding: Hide only specific keys based on patterns (e.g., only hide keys containing "SECRET" or "PASSWORD")

- Value Preview: Optional value preview on hover

- Customizable Appearance: Configure colors and patterns to match your theme

Why I built this ?

While Cloak was a great start, I found myself needing more flexibility and features. Cloak relies on TextMate scopes and has limited customization options. Camouflage offers a more comprehensive solution with pattern matching, multiple hiding styles, and granular control over which values get hidden.

Features I'm particularly proud of:

- Pattern-based selective hiding: Hide only keys containing words like "KEY", "SECRET", "PASSWORD", etc.

- Quick toggling: Toggle individual values or all values with keyboard shortcuts

- Status bar indicator: Always know when protection is active

- Enhanced context menu: Right-click on any value to toggle its visibility

- This is one of my first VS Code extensions, so any feedback or suggestions would be greatly appreciated!
It's a valid point. The drag doesn't go up linearly as you accelerate but exponentially. So driving 5, 10, or 20 miles per hour faster at highway speeds has a huge impact. Your speed goes up by a few percent but the drag goes up a lot more. Also nice to keep in mind if you are driving a petrol car. Because the difference comes out of your pocket and the physics works the same way.

The estimate the car gives you adjusts to what you are actually doing. So if you drive uphill very quickly (which is tempting because of all that wonderful torque you have), that number will get very low quickly. If you drive a really heavy car, physics dictates that you will use up a lot of kwh. The estimate will recover a bit if you level off for the remaining kwh. And you might even get a few kwh back if you go downhill via regenerative braking. But not all of it. It's probably merely reducing the number of kwh you lose rather than adding a lot back.

A more useful metric than range is miles per kwh at different speeds or under different conditions. The amount of kwh your battery has is a constant; but miles you get per kwh will vary depending on what you are doing. Teslas are normally around 3.5-4 miles per kwh on highways, which is pretty good for cars that size. But of course it matters how fast you are going. That puts them around the 200-250 miles range many people are reportedly getting; if you account for battery degradation, temperature, etc. and assume a 65kwh battery. Some recent cars are getting a lot of gains from improved aerodynamics and battery management. E.g. Kia is doing some great stuff on that front.

Also having less battery actually improves the miles per kwh number because there's less mass to drag around. Shoving 200kwh in a big truck makes it really heavy and combined with poor aerodynamics probably would make for less than stellar range than you might hope for. Probably you're getting less than 2 miles per kwh. So, more than triple the battery but nowhere near triple the range. And it makes the truck really expensive too. And you'll have to buy a lot more kwh to go the same distance.
Who would have thought that OOP could be useful!
INS essentially was expensive and AFAIK once GPS became available started to drop off in use outside of military. And with GPS availability coinciding with switching to more modern integrated Flight Management System/Computer, a lot of planes simply don't have INS installed.
I just performed a job hop. I've stayed in the same job for nearly 4 years and I'd be happy to stay if I wasn't being underpaid. I think I've performed pretty well and I know I've had good feedback from colleagues, I've told my voss multiple times that I like my job but I feel like my pay isn't developing fast enough. My raises have been 7% for the first two years and 4% the last year.

So when my team lead quit I decided to look around to see if I was right to think I was underpaid, and the first place I applied offered me more than a 20% raise. I think I've been patient, but I'd much rather have money now that later.
If it's sustained, then yes. Again, it's mostly important to be less tempting than other areas if we're headed back to a world of great powers and spheres of influence.
nice another project to the pile ;p
New Sounds, 43-year-old radio program, slated to be cut from WNYC/NYPR
Crafting Interpreters done with Rust
>Just consider the crazy paradigm shift of special relativity and the guts it took to formulate a first axiom like “let’s assume the speed of light is constant in all frames of reference” defying the common sense of these days (and even of today…)

I'm not an expert on this. Wasn't this an observed phenomenon before Albert put together his theory?
Sure, but my understanding is that the scale of storage available is the problem.

And like, I'd prefer to live in a world where we have far too much energy than far too little.

Note also that you can use nuclear/renewables to make hydrogen to potentially store more energy.
Python Monorepo with UV and Pex
Thanks, I was trying to remember that one!
Yay, another company have problems becouse of close relationship with MS, move on.

Or maybe it is not yet Nokia or SGI like situation but part of fight over control over OpenAI. Anyway it's just like Starlink and Ukraine situation - one buttonpress and access to cloud is no more. Or just prices can be changed with no apparent reason... :> OpenAI was doomed in that milisecond when it started relay on MS.
The "Ministry of Truth" in this case is a bad analogy though, since in the story, its purpose was to redefine what is the truth according to state up to the point of forcing people ignore the proof that they see in front of their eyes through torture.
I agree, in the current climate a normal person could never be expected to make the correct choice on what their best interests are. To safeguard democracy we really need to protect the less advantaged here.
Show HN: Vector Similarity Computation with Partially Homomorphic Encryption
Excited to share an update to LightPHE, a lightweight partially homomorphic encryption library for Python. This update enables the encryption and decryption of multi-dimensional vector embeddings and the computation of encrypted cosine similarity between an encrypted vector and a plain vector when using an additively homomorphic encryption.

This relies on a two-tower architecture, where one branch processes a pre-encrypted vector database and the other generates real-time plain embeddings. With LightPHE, encrypted cosine similarity can now be computed with a single line of code with matrix multiplication operator (@). This allows privacy-preserving vector search in cloud environments, ensuring that sensitive data remains encrypted while computations take place. Only the secret key holder can decrypt the results and make decisions.

While fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables computations on encrypted data, it is often impractical due to its computational overhead. Partially homomorphic encryption (PHE) provides a more efficient alternative, offering significantly faster computation, smaller ciphertexts, shorter secret and public keys, and reduced resource requirements, making it a practical solution for cloud and memory-constrained environments.

LightPHE supports a range of additively homomorphic encryption schemes, including Paillier, Damgård-Jurik, and Okamoto-Uchiyama, which are practical for real-world applications. It also includes experimental support for Exponential ElGamal and Elliptic Curve ElGamal in various forms, along with Benaloh and Naccache-Stern.

This update makes LightPHE well-suited for any vector models such as privacy-preserving recommendation systems, biometric authentication, reverse image search, secure vector-based retrieval, LLMs and more. I’d love to hear feedback from those working on vector similarity search.
How do you know you are at 0% consciousness and not at unattainable?
MAML: Towards a Faster Web in Developing Regions
Is X Down?
I genuinely have no idea what to chose in the gender-screen (since neither option applies) and can't just say "You don't get to know that".

Why is this needed?

Edit: clarification
Just a note: this device is not able to listen shortwaves as it's capable to listen only VHF/UHF.
If you want to listen shortwaves for cheap, you need something like an ATS-25 or this: https://it.aliexpress.com/item/1005008266218975.html
Explain how someone with a bad media diet can have a good vote.
Fun fact: optical mouse tech was developed for airplane navigation first. So it would not be very expensive to have this system as a backup.
From a high-level academic view, yes, the compiler is allowed to perform any legal transformation. But in practice C compilers are pretty conservative about what they emit, especially when code is compiled without -march= .

You don't have to take my word for it. Go find a moderately complex open-source library written in C, compile it, then open up the result in Hexrays/Ghidra/radare2/whatever. Compare the compiled functions with their original source and you'll see there's not that much magic going on.
Even if the CEO makes a million a year, it is a pittance compared to the potential equity value of a tech company.
It's clear to me that the criticism is coming from people who had never used omegle. While it's all valid, it was extraordinarily popular anyway.