skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Congress has many enumerated powers. Spending money is not one of them.

The Founders had just fought a war over unjust taxation to support the head of state's pet projects. Thus they required all funds to be appropriated by Congress. But it is still the head of state that actually spends them. The Treasury has always been part of the Executive branch, ever since Alexander Hamilton led the Treasury under George Washington.

Our country is built on checks and balances. The Executive controls the Treasury and spends money out of it, but is checked by the Congress, because the Executive cannot spend money without it first being appropriated.
Is Exponetial Growth a Myth?
> but if these trends were to continue

Disco Stu has something to say about that
If you review the history of the archive you will see that their mission changed over time. They didn't even ask for donations until they set the building on fire.

You can still find old help articles on the site where qualified researchers are instructed to ask permission to log into their Unix servers directly. Complete with privacy rationalizations like "being able to see what people are doing on the same computer is no different than peeking over a shoulder in a reading room."

Early form 990s tell a very different mission. They pivoted for a number of reasons, and I generally support the mission. But you have to obey the law to protect the assets. And if you want to press the law, you have to be very smart about it. Like, oh, testing 10 records instead of 400,000. And doing it under a different LLC so you don't lose the Wayback Machine to some dumbass AI company because you can't be bothered to keep track of how many books you're lending out.

> Do you have a link to them losing an exemption because of paperwork?

https://www.arl.org/news/librarian-of-congress-expands-dmca-...

"The librarian renewed all existing exemptions except for the exemption for accessible access to video games, for which there was no petition for renewal."
I've been creating a web-based YouTube player for my kids.

Will this restrict iframe embedded video playback?
Now he claims Ukraine doing it in an attempt to smear a country under severe distress.

It was instantly debunked by security professionals, rather claiming USA, Vietnam, Brazil first and foremost which also sounds like a more probable trio than a state sponsored attack from a country desperate to regain American support.

It was indeed probably rather a group; Dark Storm Team has already claimed responsibility.
I get that and I also couldn’t get a boilerplate Vue/TypeScript library project started using AI - bear in mind any guide I could find was at least a year old and by now things have changed enough that none of them work either, but it was overall frustrating for something that should be simple
That first reply (in the quora link) is a bit too dismissive

A lot of the instruction names are the same, but the apparent similarity becomes less once your start using them. Using the same names was probably very convenient given that Acorn's previous computers used the 6502, and it would have helped the programmers who need to transition.

But the machine was quite different to program, and the Arm made more innovations than just being a 6502 with more registers. Every instruction being potentially conditional, and every instruction being able to make use of the barrel shifter, were both quite radical at the time and contributed a lot to the density of code in those machines (although they are inconvenient to out-of-order microarchitectures, so have been dropped from V8)
It's part of the ICE grift. Ninety percent of ICE detention facilities are run by private companies. This has been going on through many administrations of all political stripes so sadly non partisan in a way, but there's no good excuse for this privatization for profit, it incentivizes making it harder for legal representation and reducing the number of judges, to increase the length of detention.
Do you give a license to your typewriter maker? To the manufacturer of colored pencils?
If you live in Europe you'll need a visa to work in the US. You want to live in the US to not need the visa.
If you had to break it down to the essential parts, how much would it weigh? Do you rely on having measured the area you are flying in previously?
I do hope that other countries ban american saas products which are not majority owned by that country.
As someone who lives now in Louisiana and with someone born here, we did not know that the term was used to describe mostly white Democrats attacking black Republican male voters.

I wonder if there's any historical markers to that effect.

Also interesting is that "bullpup" to describe a type of firearm comes from this usage of bulldozer.
> The amount of companies who use K8s when they have no business nor technological justification for it is staggering.

I remember a guy I used to work with telling me he'd been at a consulting shop and they used Kubernetes for everything - including static marketing sites. I assume it was a combination of resume and bill padding.
Interesting point! I wonder how that fits in to PDF/A and the idea that an archival format and long-term preservation of the original document...
Kia Trolls Tesla with Anti-Elon Ads
Great idea!

But there might not be enough text.

And: There's a similar situation to why double blind studies are necessary - The questions we pose to such a system would be contaminated by our cultural background; We'd might be leading the system.

And if the system is autonomous and we wait for something true to appear how would we know that the final system, trained on current data produced something worthwhile?

Take maths: Producing new proofs and new theorems might not be the issue. Rather: Why should we care about these result? Thousands of PhD students produce new mathematics all the time. And most of it is irrelevant.
Copyright is not natural.

It is a cultural construct based on an objective to "promote the progress of science and useful arts". Due to the creeping length of protection, it is coming close to violating that objective.

Why do I not have a natural right to remix or create derivative works from the stories or music I experienced while growing up?

Copyright duration should be culled back to 14 years, maximum. I might also support an exponentially increasing renewal fee.
Microplastics Are Messing with Photosynthesis in Plants
Yes, I will continue to subscribe to Starlink because the alternative is 30/1 dsl. I disliked Elon back when I started anyway.
Yes, that's one of the bigger traps. In my case I knew what needed to be done and could've done it on my own if I really needed to.

A novice with no idea could blunder through but get lost quickly.
That's enough to be (apparently) profitable. It doesn't matter if most people don't pay for search as long as enough people do that paid search can exist.

https://blog.kagi.com/what-is-next-for-kagi
Ah yes, the mystical 0.0073 units of people paying for search, assuming every person searches.

Over a year ago, Kagi hit 20k paying members. This puts monthly ARR between $200k and $500k ($10 to $25/head), roughly. That's 0.000273% of all people -- quite a jump!
E.g., the majority of the posts on https://jefftk.com
Possibly an upgrade, then, since their early reputation was a huge pile of gangsters in leisure suits.
We have vastly different experiences with deer I suppose.
I suggest you read up on your country's actual visa violation punitive assessment. You'll be surprised I guarantee it if this is your "European" perspective.

The countries who can enforce their visa terms, do. And Europeans are no different, some are even worse than US treatment they're getting.
I don't think this includes the use the official API with access approved by an notion user account when it is used to access content within your accessible workspaces either those you own or those you have been added to.
I've just written a tag similarity calculation for a custom set of tagged documents, and if you're going to actually use the metrics, it's probably a good idea to fill a similarity table instead of recalculating it all on the spot.

While doing that, the next logical step is precalculating the squared magnitudes for each item, and in my small test case of <1000 items that sped the calculation up almost 300 times. The gains are not exponential, but economy on that constant for each pair considered is not insignificant, especially on small data sets (of course, with large sets a table won't cut it due to memory limitations and requires more sophisticated techniques).
> the British government was ideological—“a dogmatic refusal to recognize that measures intended to ‘encourage industry, [and] to do battle with sloth’ . . . were based on false premises.”

I’m sure that high minded distinction would be appreciated by the barely self-sufficient tenant farmer, banished to the west when his ancestors were ethnically cleansed a few generations past, when he was evicted and left to starve.

This wasn’t capitalism any more than the depredations in India or Africa. It was a colonial state, which existed to extract considerable wealth to build and support a vast empire.
So they want to waste resources in courts and keep them in jails to feed them?
I recently started a green field project using copilot and tailwind. I’m blown away by how good ai is with css. I’m just glad no one has to try wrestle with css like we did back in the days.
Zen is a much better fork.
Because it's not just nesting space.

Chicks are processed at enormous speed and volume. Males are killed and the females are boxed up and sent to farms. This is factory level work and involves expensive automation. The size of flocks makes doing this without automation unfeasibly slow.

So egg farmers who lose a flock just buy another. They might have to wait for their scheduled order to come in. They don't spend $20m on a temporary hatchery facility.
Their network effects are at least a bit coercive.
Sometimes when I ask ChatGPT and get a perfect answer, I am tempted to say thanks, even though it's not actually a person. So today, when it asked me if this was the right answer, I answered "yes", and that's how it got started. I didn't encourage it to be friendly. But yes, I was just curious.
On the other hand, you don't have a gas pump in your garage, do you? Absolutely unbelievable we're still having these FUD arguments in 2025. EV's spend objectively far, far less of the driver's time fueling themselves for around-town driving, and it's not even close.
These don't feel like good ideas, but I'll throw them out until someone comes along with something better.

A lot of countries have a government website where you can report online fraud, e.g. https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/ . Perhaps they will have a step where they contact Google and the account gets locked to require further authentication?

Perhaps you could try logging in from a lot of different IP addresses, e.g. through a VPN, and Google might lock the account to the stage which a lot of people inadvertently reach, where a 2nd authentication factor is needed, such as a previously used device or SMS.

Edit: I assume you have tried to contact Google anyway?
Immigration is not a right, it is a privilege; and withholding that privilege is not punishment. The United States has an absolute moral right—indeed, a moral duty—not to import people who support terrorism, even if solely ideologically.
I prefer open source models.
Any definition of terrorist group that manages to exclude Hamas by calling it a state government is simply an incorrect definition.
Implying for-profit labels care about anything other than profit.
Unless you are American. Then the bully shows their teeth.
It's immaterial to them. Falling asset prices hurt the middle class far more than they hurt the wealthy. Every time asset values fall, the wealthy scoop them up, furthering inequality.

If Elon Musk lost 90% of his net worth, he'd still have $34 billion. What would you have if you lost 90% of your net worth (assuming you have a positive net worth to begin with)?
Unsubstantive != unsubstantiated.

<https://www.wordnik.com/words/unsubstantive>

<https://www.wordnik.com/words/unsubstantiated>
> Sure, but early web pages were quite rudimentary. A simple tool that allowed adding links and images would have been enough to start with.

I'm still not convinced that would have helped maintain a decentralized web. For one thing, such tools existed very early on. I seem to recall WYSIWYG HTML editors with integrated FTP support being common. Many ISPs also included web hosting, which would have taken care of the web server and DNS part. While such a setup wasn't decentralized, it was certainly less centralized than the web today. I simply think the number of people who are interested in typing more than a paragraph or two at a time is quite limited. In that case, the effort is minimal and the tools required to support it can be quite simple (e.g. there is very little need to deal with formatting, creating links to other pages, etc.).

> Imagine if instead of using a web browser, consuming web content consisted of a command-line tool to download files from a server, and then opening them up separately in other tools to view them.

That pretty much reminds me of Gopher. And you're right. Just look at how quickly the web took over.

>> Hosting has always been easy to find, but it is harder to find something stable across time.
> Sure, but I think those problems would've been solved over time. We see them as difficult today because we always relied on large companies to solve them for us.

In a sense, you're right. Self-hosting wasn't an option for many people in the early days since they had ephemeral dial-up connections. So you had to rely upon someone else, which meant that there was a good chance you would have to "move" (e.g. changing ISPs in the ISP provided web hosting, or simply changing web hosting providers). Aside from reliability, security, dynamic IPs, and cranky ISPs, there are no barriers to self-hosting today. Most of those can be overcome with existing software. I simply don't think there is much demand for such software these days, which is why it is uncommon.

> But maybe all of this is wishful thinking by a jaded mind. :)

There is nothing wrong with hopeful thinking. Your suggestions are even valuable in the current context since there are people who are interested in building and hosting webpages in a decentralized manner. While a simple tool would revolutionize the lives for those people, I'm going to stick by my doubts about it revolutionizing the web.
> I saw maybe four or five Bitcoin ATMs in El Salvador, including two Athena Bitcoin machines. I didn’t see anyone using them.

I've visited El Salvador quite a few times and traveled a decent % of the country, including non-touristy areas. I've seen plenty of Bitcoin ATMs in El Salvador. In some areas they aren't busy. But in other areas they have consistent line-ups of _locals_ using them. And yes, I said locals, not tourists. I'm not sure why the locals use them so much. But remittances is one possibility.

If all Bitcoin managed to do was force the likes of Western Union to keep their fees low via competition, it'd be a success for El Salvador. As of 2023, about 24% of El Salvador's entire GDP is remittances.

> The guide, who I consider an articulate and strong supporter of Bukele, seemed to consider the president’s Bitcoin ambitions to be a weird, misguided, but ultimately trivial effort.

Of course, let's put all this Bitcoin stuff in perspective: Bukele's legacy will most likely be ending gang violence. I consider the Bitcoin stuff a mild success; ending gang violence has radically transformed the country for the better.
Everybody has their limits of patience. When it comes to charity, you shouldn't annoy donors. It takes a microscopic amount of time for me to close their tab and forget about them. So fuck them.
Spending a ton of money to potentially jail a lot of people who otherwise were doing better things than sitting in jail…
The US has always been a scary place to cross the border. I'm a Brit and have been to 50+ countries and the US is the only one that seems like it's trying to find a reason to arrest you. The others generally don't give problems or possibly just refuse entry and you have to go back.

The other thing that puzzles me about the US is they give basically law abiding travellers all sorts of grief while at the same time letting people just wander in from Mexico and live for years. Odd system.
Show HN: We built the first legal AI API
Hey HN,

Over the past couple months, we, a team of Aussie legal and AI experts, have been working on building a new type of legal AI company — a company that, instead of trying to automate legal jobs, is trying to automate legal tasks.

We want to make lawyers’ lives easier, not replace them.

We’ve been laser-focused on building small and efficient yet still highly accurate, specialized models for some of the most time-consuming and mundane legal tasks lawyers have to perform. Stuff like running through a thousand contracts just to locate any clauses that would allow you to get out early.

We just finished training our first set of models, focused on document and clause classification, probably the most common problem we see come up. Our benchmarks show our models to be far more accurate and almost more efficient than their closest general-purpose competitors.

Today, we’re making those models publicly available via the Isaacus API, the world’s first legal AI API.

Our models don’t require any finetuning because they’re zero-shot classifiers — you give them a description of what you’re looking for (for example, “This is a confidentiality clause.”) and they pop out a classification score.

Because our models are so small, which they have to be to be able to process reams of legal data at scale, they can sometimes be a bit sensitive to prompts. To help with that, however, we’ve preoptimized an entire library of prompts, including what we call, universal templates, which let you plug in your own arbitrary descriptions of what you’ve looking for.

We’ve made our prompt library available via the Isaacus Query Language or IQL. Another world first — it’s a brand-new AI query language designed specifically for using AI models to analyze documents.

You can invoke query templates using the format “{IS <query_template_name>}”. You can also chain queries together using Boolean and mathematical operators, like so: “{This is a confidentiality clause.} AND {IS unilateral clause}”.

We think our API is pretty neat and we hope you will too.

This is just the beginning for us — over the course of this year, we’re planning on releasing text extraction and embedding models as well as a second generation of our Kanon legal foundational model.

Below are some links for your convenience.

- Quickstart guide: https://docs.isaacus.com/quickstart

- Announcement: https://isaacus.com/blog/the-worlds-first-legal-ai-api

- Docs: https://docs.isaacus.com/home

- Sign up: https://platform.isaacus.com/accounts/signup/

- LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/isaacus/

- Email: hello@isaacus.com
I wrote a similar comment yesterday, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43316939.

CSS styling used to take me forever, now I basically just tell AI the contours of what I want, and it gives me the vast majority of what I want. It often has some bugs, and I always need to edit/tweak it to get things right, but it probably saves me 90% of the time I used to waste on CSS (I'm primarily a backend dev).
Yeah, that's the thing.

I'm not saying that this is a "bad" thing, but the last time I did any significant amount of frontend stuff was back in ~2014, and it was AngularJS, which was considered pretty ok at the time I think. I left that job and started doing almost exclusively backend stuff for several years, and when I looked back, the entire world had switched to React and transpiling JSX and a lot more CSS than I was familiar with.

It seemed pretty intimidating to try and pick that up again, so I never really left the backend stuff, and now I've managed to even avoid web stuff for awhile, because I kind of hate web programming.
Sure as you might, I assume you're a citizen of the EU. That really just means you're happy you live in an area where you're a citizen with effectively no limit on what you can do in areas where your citizenship is acceptable to do what you want to do.

Don't forget, your country absolutely has their own visa terms, and they absolutely do enforce it.

I'm personally satisfied with my citizenship as well.
I went to school in the UK. Unsurprisingly, I don't think the Irish or Bengal famines were mentioned. In fact the whole British imperial project was largely glossed over. But lots of coverge of the Romans, Vikings, Normans, the black death and the two World Wars.

The Belgians, the Dutch, the Germans, the Portuguese, the Italians and the Spanish also did horrible things during their colonial periods. Are these taught a schools in these countries? Genuine question - I'm curious.
No, a more accurate summary of the results would be: "we generated a tiny bit of data from which no conclusions can be drawn, but it's some extra data that other studies may be able to use in the future maybe".
Why not collaborate, it will help you avoid reinventing some wheels.

For example make a 3D version of the 2.5D graphics Nile/Gezira. You could do it in less than 500 lines of code and within 3 months.

Other system software could be a new filesystem in 600 lines of code or a TCP/IP in 120 LOC.

I also think a SPICE or physics simulator could be around 600 lines of code.

I'll do the parallelizing optimizing adaptive compilers and autotuners (in Ometa 2).

I intend to target a cluster of M3/M4 Macs with 32-core CPU, 80-core GPU and 32-core Neural Engine cores with an estimated 80 trillion TOPS and 800 Gbps memory bandwidth each. A smaller $599 base model M4 Mac mini would do between a fifth and a third of that performance.

Together we could beat NVDIA's complexity and performance per dollar per Watt in a few thousand lines of code.
ISIS also used bulldozers, notably to destroy ancient cities like Nimrud.
No, that is still very much locked behind a valid user token.
They will bluntly lie or tell you the truth They just won't add extra words.
CoreCivic, the large publicly traded prison company, had their share price almost double after the election https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CXW/
Agreed, and the cost of any new building that went to taxes, permits, development fees.
It's true. Between atomic CSS libraries and LLMs, there's almost no reason to write CSS nowadays.
Isn't that just what has to be selected in the play store to allow the app to access/use the localization framework in Android? It doesn't guarantee they're sharing information. They could still do it on a site by site bases with in-app approvals?

I guess the concept has gone from "We don't support this at all" to "We support it but won't be evil, you have to trust us."

How much do we trust Mozilla/Firefox? You could always go read the code yourself: https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central or just do what most people do and hope someone else audits it :)
Or ask it to use "confidence words", e.g. "probably", "maybe", or expose the probability internals.
I don't know how to go from understanding this material to having a job in the field. Just stuck as a SWE for now.
Ya but I love it, and there are plenty of small farms that do it for a living.
> ... studying the source code. As mentioned before in my earlier HN post, I have a working version of Frank and most other parts of the STEPS research.

Are the sources published?