skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: Python ORM Solutions in 2025?
We are currently using SQLAlchemy extensively for Python to PostgreSQL interactions. I have found the experience almost universally terrible, there is very little static type hinting, unexpected API choices and runtime errors.

I was expecting there to be a popular, modern, Pydantic like ORM tool for defining well typed DB tables in Python and was very surprised to find that not the case. After spending some time looking into this it seems there are a few very young projects (tortoise, piccolo etc) but no well-known, stable solution.

What are folks using for DB interactions in Python and what has your experience been?
You can more smoothly interpolate a function for points on a surface using hexagons than with squares. For Uber, think about things like surge pricing. If you compute a surge % for each hexagon, you can interpolate it for each rider location.
Forbid Gerrymandering.

E.g. Republican Schwarzenegger has been advocating against gerrymandering for a long time.

Force all states to cast election votes to be proportional to citizens' votes (some states do but others do not).
> it takes a bit to find out they cannot code, and a bit longer to fire them, so you're out $$$$ paying their salaries for nothing

Not just that. They block the hiring process. Maybe there was just that one open position on your team, and that bad 3 month hire postponed a good hire by 6 months. It's also very incomfortable to fire and start again.

My interviews contain questions that are basic, and any new team mate should know. I keep asking them because 90% of the candidates actually can't answer them well. You should know what a "dot product" is if you want to work as a ML engineer, that kind of stuff. Or be able to open a text file and count word frequencies.
What's the Point of HOV Lanes?
We are talking about geopolitical and financial power, not Instagram.
> Would you allow an 8 year old to wander New York City unattended?

This is common in Japan.
Yeah, I make the same adjusted for inflation that I did when I got my last/only promotion 10 years ago. I have grey hair, a disability, and a family that relies on the health insurance. Switching or being laid off is a risky proposition for me. It sounds like all your examples are young, childless people (who else could take a month off to go vacationing?). Life is much harder for some of us.
While Russia certainly botched the invasion they probably would have taken all of Ukraine by now without so much western support. Ukraine would of course be in a much better position now if that support had been stronger and not been dribbled in.

Russia's economy is teetering and looks very weak now, but much of that is due to sanctions. Sanctions that trump will probably remove soon, for zero concessions. I'm not sure how effective EU sanctions will be on their own. Soon we will be seeing a much stronger Russia, already on a heavy war footing, start swallowing up a much weaker Ukraine. I don't like what might happen after that plays out.
I would argue that the higher layers of OSI become more abstract and blurry, but it’s not wrong per se. TLS maps fairly well (not perfectly) to presentation layer.

Then again, OSI works best as a descriptive model rather than prescriptive. Plenty of applications don’t follow the model at all. QUIC is largely an optimization by collapsing many functions that OSI models as separate layers into one monolithic thing.
Publish it is quite a loaded word here. Almost every blog or post you read is from the point of view of a single person. There's nothing wrong with him putting his experience out into the world.
How Plants Are Responding to a Warming World – and Why It Matters
It depends on what the concern is. when IE6 was the default browser for the vast majority of consumers, it held back web technologies and generated considerable pressure towards MSFT hosting services.
As others here are saying you know the right people. Which is probably a pretty unsatisfactory answer and seems very unfair for those who don't.
Yep, that all sounds great. Now what's your plan for preventing Russia from winning?

The plan so far has not worked.
Yeah, same.

EDIT: yes, it looks like it is not possible to disable "transfer lock". Shame on you Gandi, but you know no shame.
Just yell instead.
I felt pretty betrayed post election. Not exactly sure in what. It’s not like I didn’t see it coming. Not just by news sites (which I had lectured others on about how the profit motives work again and again). A lot of my “news” was actually coming from comedy/satire stuff, because it helped me cope and I like that stuff, but it was still just sucking me in. I found I was constantly morally outraged.

So I swore it all off (mostly). I just don’t want to be angry anymore. I read HN and some other tech sites.

One thing I do do is ask others about the news. I tell them I’m not interested in what’s going on, what they’re excited about or mad about, but ask them to tell me what new thoughts or observations they’ve had of late as news consumers. I have found that this studying/observing/listening how others are cognating is much more healthy for my own mental state.
It’s really bizarre that we are looking at a near future where our best ally is Russia and West Europe/Canada and everyone else who was our friend is now our enemy. You literally couldn’t write this up as fiction and be taken seriously a decade ago.
This is supported by the research:

There are committed bigots in the Republican voter base. They’re suburban and rural-rich.

The rural poor Republican voters largely are, at least hypothetically (if you can get through their media bubbles) reachable by the right economic message. They’re not in it for the racism or what have you. That’s the suburban republicans.
I’m really glad to see this side discussion on dust mite allergy happening here. I’ve had dust mite allergy since childhood, and I even had adenoid removal surgery at age ~7 to address it. Nothing seems to help.

I think dust mite allergy imitates some of the symptoms of sleep apnea, because your nasal passage gets blocked at night, waking you in a similar way to choking.

I’ve reached my mid-30s, largely ignoring the symptoms, but over the past few months I’ve been experiencing a truly terrible bout of insomnia.

I think it’s time to take the allergy seriously again. I’ll follow your guide and make some changes. If I could suggest an improvement to your guide: it may be useful to have a section (perhaps chapter 5?) on symptom relief. I’ve had friends say that a neti pot works wonders, for example.

Either way thanks for posting!
I hated this. Thank you.
Tale as old as time. Everyone wants new shiny language then tries to turn it into old familiar language.
Yes it is wrong.
You don't punish any one individual for something another different individual has done. This is a basic moral principal.
Half of US voters voted against Donald Trump. The chaos and pain he causes is not on them. Many Jews were appalled and angered by the invasion of Lebanon. They're not responsible for what the Israeli government did.
Humans are not bees. We don't have a queen, we don't have a hive mind.
This group think, that Americans should all be judged as a whole, that Jews are all an indistinguishable mass, is the very definition of bigotry and prejudice. This is what MLK meant when he said we should be judged by the content of our character, not the color of our skin. I am me, not whatever group you want to toss me into.
So, yes, it's wrong.
I just read the article, which like OP says, talks about third-party app stores and not sideloading. If it's anything like EU regulation, then that'll be that.
> Trump is the result of anti-system vote by people who were ignored for decades by both parties.

Nah, they were not ignored by both parties. It is votes by people who were listened to by the republican party again and again and again.
Don't feel bad about it. He wasn't the first person to point this out, it was pointed out much earlier than his video. It's enough that you cited him and gave credit.
It’s… largely being given emphasis by ‘their’ side, though? Which side of the political divide spends all their time going on about trans people? I mean, it’s very much the right.
I think you misunderstand why exactly the USSR's weapon production hurt them. There were a number of circumstances that were specific to the Soviets that made their decisions uniquely self-destructive:

1. They already had an enormous weapon stockpile from the 60s and 70s that was becoming rapidly outdated, and was manufactured with few basically no limit on the unit count being made, resulting in tens-of-thousands of surplus weapons being funded by the state and the economy bending to support an oversized MIC.

2. Soviet Russia had a struggling economy in the 60s and 70s, and an almost nonfunctional one in the 80s. The idea of developing new digital weapons was basically trashed, and the "next generation" Soviet weaponry became the surplus analog stuff they stockpiled. Research and prototyping ground to a halt as Russia lost self-sufficiency on the technology that mattered.

3. The Soviet-Afghanistan war weakened the USSR's traditional force composition to the point that it was doubtful they could fight a traditional war, even with a relatively untrained adversary. Thousands of Soviet soldiers died to prove that Russia's doctrine wasn't going to win a pitched battle against a well-funded enemy.

Europe already avoided over-arming themselves like the USSR, they have a modernized economy, and they aren't fighting proxy wars against forces they can't beat. As an American citizen I'm more concerned with our own country resting on it's laurels, struggling to modernize it's supply chain and threatening to fight wars in the Levant with no clear goal.
Totally agree that Trump is trading long-term dominance for short-term gains.

I think that in a few months, we will see the U.S. economy doing very well and somehow rebuilding its industrial base. In the long term, U.S. influence and wealth will make up a much smaller share of the world’s wealth than it does today.
I guess we're on the hook to fund a stalemate indefinitely then?

What's your plan for beating Russia? Ideally without starting WW3.
That amount of output is comparable to what many professional engineers produce in a given day, and they are a lot more expensive.

Keep in mind this is the commenters first attempt. And I'm surprised he paid so much.

Using Aider and Sonnet I've on multiple occasions produced 100+ lines of code in 1-2 hours, for under $2. Most of that time is hunting down one bug it couldn't fix by itself (reflective of real world programming experience).

There were many other bugs, but I would just point out the failures I was seeing and it would fix it itself. For particularly difficult bugs it would at times even produce a full new script just to aid with debugging. I would run it and it would spit out diagnostics which I fed back into the chat.

The code was decent quality - better than what some of my colleagues write.

I could probably have it be even more productive if I didn't insist on reading the code it produced.
One example is pensions. For demographic reasons the state pension system is underfunded for years, a situation that is projected to become worse. One solution would be to increase contributions which are already sky-high and make working or opening a business a lot less attractive in Germany. Another is to freeze pensions. Guess what happened? Germany's old government increased the contribution level starting in January this year [1]. Additional, a pension raise [2] has recently been announced and the newly-found debt will provide funding for additional benefits for pensioners [3]. It more and more feels like a gerontocracy.

[1] https://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/DRV/DE/Ueber-uns-...
[2] https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/rentensteigeru...
[3] https://www.t-online.de/nachrichten/deutschland/innenpolitik...
A lot of rural area across the country have movements to break states into pieces, or join other states. I don’t think most are very serious but at least two of them are serious enough.

One, there are a few counties on Oregon that want to redraw the boundary so that they become part of Idaho. This, I think, is only mildly serious.

The second is the border of Indiana and Illinois, which is serious enough that the Indiana state legislature has voted to create a commission to work on it. It was a bipartisan vote, too. Because there are a number of rural counties in Illinois that would like to join Indiana, and two urban counties in Indiana that say if the option is on the table they’d rather be part of Illinois. Such a thing would need both states to agree and then send it on to Congress, but ultimately I don’t think anything will come of it.

When you look at state funding, these urban counties are sending more tax dollars to their respective state capitols than the states are spending in their counties. In the case of these rural Illinois counties, the state is spending between $5 and $6 per tax dollar collected. Does Indiana really want to take on such welfare queens? And give up some of their few donor counties in exchange? It seems hardly likely!

That’s the rub all across the US. The urbanized areas are subsidizing the rural areas. Are the rural areas prepared to do without such subsidies? They can say “the cities can’t live without the food we grow”, but the entirety of human history shows that the cities always come out ahead in these transactions.
This is an inherent property of closed source proprietary weapons. Which is why gun owners like stuff like the gen3 glock and ar-15 as everyone knows how to make the parts and the open source blueprints are put into manufacture by a gazillion companies to the point PSA shitwagon can compete with a Colt and interchange most the parts.

Maybe Europe should open source a fighter jet and let the world compete on how they'll manufacture it.
Layoffs are an effect of unsustainable success.

If you can lay off people without cratering the company, it means you hired too many people in the first place.
So “repeal and replace” with no plan for the “replace”. Sounds familiar.

Reforming the government to be more efficient is great. Simply killing off large swaths of programs that real people benefit from and rely on with no plan for those people simply because it wasn’t efficient enough is bad governance and just plain cruel.

Leaving a “vacuum” behind you and expecting someone else to come clean up after your mess is not good governance. The people that will eventually do the work to fill that vacuum are the heroes here, and I don’t think anyone on either side of the aisle thinks it’ll be the current administration who fills said vacuum.
What's QED exactly? The comment I'm replying to is saying that

> It doesn't actually matter in this case who is right

because the only thing that's important is whose claim is attractive to the population being pandered to, and that

> I'll bring the jobs back home

is amazing despite being completely nonsensical.

And the're probably right, mind. A lot of the responses seem to agree, just couching it in nicer terms (if barely). I guess putting it in plain terms is not acceptable. As is usually the case.
The funniest part is how MAGA are literally rabid against anyone left of Bret Baier while embracing the overtly obvious Russian propaganda to the point where you start feeling sorry for them when the outright repeat Russian talking points e.g. deep MAGA don’t care a single iota for about anything more than 20ft from the US shores (because America first!) and yet they will have the strongest and most deeply detailed opinions on Crimea lol
The real reason is because Trump thinks they're suckers [1]

[1] https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/09/trump-a...
Travel Rewards Programs Now: Too Many Points, Not Enough Seats
Yeah, I agree with all this.
> used to be the norm.

People also "used to" invest radioactive water and used radioactive cremes and toothpastes for health benefits in the 20's and 30's. So what's your point?
risk of war going hot aside, the long term effect of this is fantastic for the rest of the world's industries

AWS, GCP and Azure looked unbeatable a month ago

but today, if you're a government official in the UK, Poland or Germany, would you be recommending AWS as your cloud provider?

absolutely not

they now have massive geopolitical risks associated with them due to being under the control of the increasingly unstable and authoritarian US regime that will sacrifice 80 years of foreign policy and soft power for a soundbite on fox news
Starmer is a centrist and Labour have been very weak against a trans panic being whipped up by right wing media.
I don't mind pf leftist views, but there are no others, this is strange
What are you implying? We had an election. People voted. What am I missing?
My setup is on a nanopi running FriendlyWRT/OpenWRT with Docker installed. PiHole is easy to run from docker - have a look at https://github.com/pi-hole/docker-pi-hole/
Today your aircraft, tomorrow all your mobile phones. I'm pretty sure those could all be remote bricked.
It’ll hurt the S&P500, sure. Far less clear how it’d benefit the working class, tho. Like, how does that work? You’d expect a decline in economic activity (ie fewer jobs, and lower or negative wage growth for what jobs do exist), and an increase in prices. That doesn’t help anyone much except _arguably_ the predatory super-rich (who can buy stuff up cheap), but even then it’s not a clear win for them either.
I would also ask why are patches and updates take long to download and install on PS3 and PS4 (don't know if it improved on PS5). If you install Gran turismo 6 on PS3, it starts with patching it for 10 hours (really, not a typo and not exaggeration). And PS4 is not much better - base games usually are downloaded at a reasonable speed, but patching takes forever.

At the same time any free linux distro will pull gigabytes of updates so fast that I'm scared that it will melt my ethernet cable - but sony, a huge corporation can't
What's interesting to me is that these budget cuts are coming at a time when the VA is also trying to implement a new Electronic Health Record (EHR) system (Oracle CERNER) which is having substantial issues with rollouts (see the Google News page for Oracle CERNER or read the transcripts from the congressional hearings about it).

This could become a two pronged problem where you have fewer people to provide care while they are trying to implement a new EHR which results in a decrease in productivity because of the need of learning a new system.
Even more reason one wouldn't expect voters to jump candidates or parties.

Given the GP comment I assumed we weren't talking about that scenario where people are only a candidate or party voter.
Big tech employees have been abandoning companies the second they can get higher TC for decades, and as soon as the companies start firing a very small fraction (in a lot of cases people who were coasting or incompetent) its a problem of morality?

You can really see what people are made of when they face adversity. Good luck.
I have taken a lot at times, up to 1-2g per day in powder form. I mix it with my tea, which also has theanine.

However I can't say it really helped with anxiety. TFA says some people claim its more effective than xanax. Maybe it works like that for some people, but not for me - it doesn't even put a dent in my anxiety - which can be pretty bad (struggling to leave the house). I've never taken xanax either, although my doc once gave me 10 pills of lorezepam for acute anxiety situations. Those basically had no effect on me too.

Theanine does reduce caffeine jitters although I usually only have that problem with coffee. These days I take 200mg most days mostly out of habit.
"Kelleher wasn’t around to see them. He died in 2019."

That's how it works. You have someone who is a great leader who started a company and treated their employees well, then the behemoth corporation waits for them to die to start gutting their values. It happened at my company. It's basically just a lite version of a private equity takeover.
You realise Trump won right?
Well, also overweight people can create havoc with drones.
Oh please. Between "libtards" and "snowflakes" and general condescension and insults comming from the the right for years and years, it is getting really tiring when the same people suddenly become thin skinned.

For years we have been listening "fuck your feelings" coming from the right.
Trying to be cute almost always has negative accessibility impact. Instead of building a long list of thing to avoid or things to do, I've found it easier to just avoid being cute.
It's actually a bit worse than that, from their perspective. What if they see it as someone telling them "sure, the pie will shrink for you, but for me and mine it will grow and I'll get a bigger share of it and you should take one for the team so I can prosper"...

Who would go for that? If it were merely about the pie shrinking, maybe that's just inevitable, and reasonable people would have to concede that it must shrink. They feel as if there is an element of fraud in the proposals that are made. Rather than miscalculation, rather than misfortune.
What Ukraine will accept is entirely dependent on how much funding they will get from foreign powers to continue their war effort.

I've had a lot of responses to my comment, yet I've seen no alternative ideas presented that will result in a different outcome. What is your plan for getting Russia to lose this war?
> You'll have to explain to me how a wealth tax hit the poor because the poor do not have wealth

I'm sorry, perhaps "poor" wasn't the best word. But let me explain what I was thinking: I live in Switzerland where wealth tax is very much more annoying to the middle-class than the rich. This is because it starts at around CHF80'000--a lot of people qualify--and isn't taxed progressively above CHF2 million. While the rich will pay the highest tier, the middle-class is going to suffer from it much more because they don't invest their wealth. Basically, they are losing wealth, especially after taking inflation into account.

Don't get me wrong, Switzerland is a very good country tax-wise. But your argument against VAT also works very much for other types of taxation.

> By estate tax, I mean an inheritance tax which again, the poor typically don't leave massive inheritances so I'm not seeing how this hits the poor hard

Yes, good point. In Switzerland there are actually only a few cantons that still have the inheritance tax. But I still think that most families would qualify for the estate tax. A middle class family is going to be hurt much more being taxed CHF10k than a rich one taxed CHF100k.

I hope I made myself understandable.
"Even" Donald Trump? The man who many accuse of being a Russian asset and having more sympathy for Putin than for decade-long allies? That Donald Trump?
How aboutism, is that a variation on whataboutism?
Thanks, but to me this feels too high level I'd really need to see a video of such things to better understand what's going on, how much time it took end to end, what was the quality. Yes I could spend 3 days and 300 bucks playing around with the tool, but I'd prefer to learn things offline first.
I believe the developers are Chinese, so it might just be awkward English from a non native speaker.
Yes this kind of therapy is very important for some people to live a life where their hormones align with their sex. I have a friend who is a cis woman but has enough testosterone being naturally produced that she has some thicker facial hair. And this is with hormone therapy. If she wasn't taking supplementary female hormones, she'd likely have more serious misalignment between primary and secondary sex characteristics. And I have to imagine it could cause problems with her monthly cycle if the hormones aren't balanced right