skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Companies designing digital circuits use it all the time.

Say you have a module written in VHDL or Verilog and it is passing regressions and everyone is happy. But as the author, you know the code is kind of a mess and you want to refactor the logic. Yes, you can make your edits and then run a few thousand directed tests and random regressions and hope that any error you might have made will be detected. Or you can use formal verification and prove that the two versions of your source code are functionally identical. And the kicker is it often takes minutes to formally prove it, vs hundreds to thousands of CPU hours to run a regression suite.

At some point the source code is mapped from a RTL language to gates, and later those gates get mapped to a mask set. The software to do that is complex and can have bugs. The fix is to extract the netlist from the masks and then formally verify that the extracted netlist matches the original RTL source code.

If your code has assertions (and it should), formal verification can be used to find counter examples that disprove the assertion.

But there are limitations. Often logic is too complex and the proof is bounded: it can show that from some initial state no counter example can be found in, say, 18 cycles, but there might be a bug that takes at least 20 cycles to expose. Or it might find counter examples and you find it arises only in illegal situations, so you have to manually add constraints to tell it which input sequences are legal (which often requires modeling the behavior of the module, and that itself can have bugs...).

The formal verifiers that I'm familiar with are really a collection of heuristic algorithms and a driver which tries various approaches for a certain amount of time before switching to a different algorithm to see if that one can crack the nut. Often, when a certain part of the design can be proven equivalent, it aids in making further progress, so it is an iterative thing, not a simple "try each one in turn". The frustrating thing is you can run formal on a module and it will prove there are no violations with a bounded depth of, say, 32 cycles. A week later a new release of your formal tool comes out with bug fixes and enhancements. Great! And now that module might have a proof depth of 22 cycles, even though nothing changed in the design.
Love that: The "Dunning-Kruger Office of Government Efficiency”. Spot on.
But what other advantage did this give them? Like name specific examples. Feel free to leave, but I honestly don't see where you're coming from.
The 'experimental' accelerated calculus program run by Stephen Wolfram had a similar effect and is why I decry trying to learn CS using AI and also why I don't like Mathematica or Wolfram. Fuck that guy. I loved math more than almost anybody I knew before that.
Mine was pretty straightforward. I just walked up to the teller. I might have misremembered the filling in thing but I could have had my $50k in the next few minutes if I hadn’t changed my mind.

I’m in SF so this isn’t a big amount and I’d been to this branch once before. So it wasn’t like I was Al Pacino in Scarface pulling up shaking hands or anything.
...to say the least...
Those are two startups attached to a destroyed brand and an auto company. Idk why anyone would invest.
I love me some capitalism critique, but I think it’s important to understand many scientists are legitimately terrified of an intelligence explosion and the resulting singularity. You can disagree with their arguments of course, but it’s best if we start by agreeing that they do have arguments.

For example:

Yudkowsky 2013, Intelligence Explosion Microeconomics (long, but with a short intro): https://intelligence.org/files/IEM.pdf

Vinge 1993, The Coming Technological Singularity (shorter, bit less rigorous): https://users.manchester.edu/Facstaff/SSNaragon/Online/100-F...
Thanks! This is what I hoped you'd say - wish I had this six months ago when I was building re-produceable tooling for our factory in china to flash embedded devices with firmware.
I'm generally ok with 60Hz (the difference isn't that significant to me). But I can definitely see the difference in a head-to-head comparison with fast moving content. The easiest way to see it for me was to move the cursor around quickly. With 60Hz there are much more visible "jumps" between positions. With 120Hz it animates much more smoothly.
If you switch from 60hz to 30hz you absolutely notice. I wouldn’t think it’s wrong to say it is jarring.

30hz is still perfectly usable, but you constantly feel as if something is off. Like maybe you have a process running in the background eating all your CPU.

I imagine going from 120hz to 60hz is the same thing. It should be theoretically indistinguishable, but it’s noticeable.
Could you share your ACL setup? I haven't had time to look at it much but this sounds like exactly what I want to do.
I don't use that crap for search, or anything for that matter. I also don't use Google lol.
Apple has always liked to integrate as much as possible on the same chip. It was only natural that they would come to this conclusion, with the improved perf the cherry on top.
The Make with Leaflet page is good dive into some possibilities https://make.leaflet.pub/
Furthermore, if you ever see someone from the Thiel/Musk/Vance/Trump administration ever bringing this topic up, it's meant to weaken the UK nuclear posture and encourage Russia.
Maybe that was it and I misremembered. All I know was that it wasn’t onerous. I walked up to the teller, described things, and asked for the money. Then it struck me I could ask for the many accounts thing. Then it struck me I could just take the $15k and deal with the rest later. It was a while back but there was slightly more friction than when I usually take out smaller amounts like a few thousand.
Totally an anecdote, but my 8gb M1 runs fine with multiple browsers/tabs, VS Code, and Spotify all open. Usually performance is only an issue for me when working with larger ML models. I wonder why others are getting worse performance? Maybe it's the specific sites they're using?
I don't really understand this though.. The key exchange is perhaps the most important aspect.

Just hypothetically, what if an intelligence service records your encrypted traffic and also happened to get AWS to mitm your communication with the tailscale key distribution server?

Doesn't really matter if most of your traffic doesn't use their infrastructure if the most important parts of it do.
The technician changing the rack:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3Z6QAzlkSs&t=370s
Their “app” is also a JS app.

ChatGPT is a native one.
first, folks need to exit/reduce their positions stealthily without disrupting the market. this takes time; for big positions it is not unusual to be exiting it for more than 6 months
DeepSeek spreads across China with Beijing's backing
https://archive.ph/IL50f
The world is full of features that didn't make the cutoff for launch date. I believe there's one or two of these publicly known in Apple's history, but it's an old tale.
> ...doesn't tinder probably produce more babies than no tinder?

That's not in evidence, and while I lack empirical evidence to prove this, there are logical mechanisms by which Tinder might result in fewer babies. Namely:

1. A lot of people seem to get an attention fix by talking to people and then ghosting them when meeting in person is suggested.

2. The siloing of the dating pool to different sites (Tinder, Bumble, Hinge, OKCupid...).

3. Lots of false positives of matches--someone looks like a good match on paper and then you show up in person and there's something not quite right--their mannerisms annoy you, they smell bad (to you), etc. There are a ton of ways people filter potential dating partners extremely quickly with in person.

4. The massive waste of time might result in a lot of people just giving up.

My personal experience is that every relationship I've had resulted from meeting people in person, despite spending a lot of time on the apps.
X^2 - 3x - 18 =0

[...]

This is how the equation is created: x(x+3) = 18

wat

Maybe don't do very fast recaps if you're not going to proofread them. Incidentally I assume the formulae in this article were done with MathJax or its Julia equivalent, they render great but can't be copied from the text.

Overall a good article (and a great ad for Julia) but stumbling blocks like the one above ensure some readers won't make it any farther.
With slashdot I wouldn't RTFA (hadn't used that term for ages) until after reading some or most of the comments to give me an idea of whether or not it was going to be worth it.

And often any comment I made was in relation to the ongoing discussion and not necessarily the article itself.

I still do that here and elsewhere too.
Once you can go through a full workday without having to charge, it's a game changer. Same reason why an Apple watch that can't make it a full day would be a dealbreaker.
So it's lying by omission. Sounds about right.

(NB: I've been long on AAPL since $7 a share but I'm also allergic to bullshit)
Years ago, someone on Usenet explained that Apple upgrade prices are so high because they use components made from the powdered bones of Unicorns and I truly believe that is the truth.
I grew up in LA. In the late 80s the joke was that you had to chew your air before breathing it. The sky was brown most days.

> Now it's very often crystal clear. It's really stunning how much policy changes can impact the air.

I'm not sure I'd go so far as to say that the air is often clear. There is still the natural geography that traps all particles in the air over the basin. But the policy changes absolutely made a huge difference.

Interesting to note however that during the first couple of days of COVID lockdown, when almost no one was driving in LA, LA had the lowest AQI on the entire planet (it was just 4). So the next thing they have to do is solve traffic to get the air cleaner. :)
Google already did the talking for both of them. It’s called Flutter.
It's a laptop, same performance with higher power efficiency means same performance with a much longer mobile uptime, which makes the Macbooks tiers above their competition.

And for data centers, same performance at better power efficiency means hundreds of thousands of dollars saved in power.
Most puzzling and naive claim here:

“Given the relative ease of sabotaging a destabilizing AI project—through interventions ranging from covert cyberattacks to potential kinetic strikes on datacenters—MAIM already describes the strategic picture AI superpowers find themselves in.”

Can some explain what they mean?

1. I assume it would be relatively practical for a nation-state or even a mid-sized company (xAI) to air-gap an installation for AGI development.

2. I assume any AGI would be replicable on a platform costing less than $100,000. And upgradable securely by wire or over air.

Sorry, but MAIM is LAME.
Worse than that: it seems that it's much easier to make computer achieve superhuman feats in cognitive work, than it is to make it do even most basic physical interactions with the real world.

In short: the natural order of things is that computers are better at thinking, and people are better at manual labor. Which is the opposite of what we wanted.
Maybe it was, idk cause that project shut down
It definitely took me way more than 25 hours as a kid to beat Pokemon Blue! But I was so young that I didn't understand that "Oak: Hello!" meant that someone called Oak was talking.

The glitched Pokemon you're talking about is Missingno by the way! I remember surfing up and down Cinnabar Island to do the same thing.
You could go for a CRM that offers a unified solution and doesn't charge you for enterprise features.Seeing as you mentioned you would like a platform that has marketing support (but it also sales support) I often recommend UPilot for that. I was using Hubspot as well but made the switch, was getting insanely expensive.

Basically, it's great if you're a startup company looking access to enterprise solutions without the exorbitant prices. It will help you save loads $$$. You won't even need mailchimp etc..as it includes its own version which also has no contact based pricing.. 3000 dollars for hubspot is ridiculous.. its no wonder a lot of people are looking for alternatives. best advice is to find a CRM that helps you scale without charging you extra just because you need additional features and obviously one that you and your team will enjoy using! Feel free to try a demo on upilot.com

I think you will enjoy using the platform. The UI is also awesome. goodluck with finding the right platform. Always good to try out different ones.
That is probably only relevant for mechanical systems though.

The software feature flag for regulatory approval is simple. Which, optimistically, might give the rest of us a vector into controlling the feature ourselves.
The most critical need is air defense: anti-air missiles and cannons capable of shooting down Russian missiles and drones. Long-range missiles are important too, because it is better to shoot the archer than to try take down every arrow. Long-range missiles can blow up the bombers that launch cruise missiles against Ukraine. This protects Ukrainian cities, factories, and military sites from further destruction.

Next, they need artillery to halt the slow advance of Russian ground forces. With the new unjammable wire-guided drones that were introduced early this year, Ukrainians have already successfully halted Russian advances in most sectors, but ample artillery support is even more effective. They need lots of artillery to blow up with a big bang everything that the Russians throw at them.

Finally, Ukraine must be equipped for counteroffensives. They need a large supply of planes, tanks, IFVs, and other vehicles to go from defense to attack and liberate occupied territories. Once Ukraine has the means to counterattack, it is up to them to decide how far they want to go before sitting down with the Russians to negotiate peace. Strong enough pushes by Ukraine may force the Russians to concede some areas without a fight, just as they previously withdrew from Kyiv, Kharkiv, Kherson, and Sumy.

The current approach has been a slow trickle of aid in a naive hope that Putin might back down. That strategy has clearly failed. Ukraine needs full support, everything we can provide. This is both the moral choice, and the cheapest option in terms of money and lives.

It is really important to stress that Ukrainians do not expect others to fight for them. They are only asking for material support: weapons, ammo, vehicles. The rest they can handle on their own.
I like the tone of it, but I also think it's missing something, like "why".

Why do the machines want war?
Does it hurt each time we reboot them?
Were they fed up with us feeding cheaper non-pure sine wave electricity?

And what if, like their makers, they actually wage war against each others?
GPT-mkVI vs R1-Tsingtao and jean-Claude being neutral?
Whether the data is encrypted or not, they still need a warrant.
> If so, why didn't Putin mount a full invasion in 2016-2020?

One possible explanation is that Russia is a petro-state. The average oil price between 2010 and 2014 was about $130/barrel. Then in a few short months it dropped by 50% and stayed there until this day (with a short exception around the start of the invasion when it was above $100 for about half a year).

[1]https://www.macrotrends.net/1369/crude-oil-price-history-cha...
Has anyone ever been disappointed to have long battery life?
Agreed. I was happy for decline of world population but seeing the rise of anti-envirmentalism makes me think that child-free people might be more inclined to be selfish. After me, the deluge!

Edit: to be clear, I see possibility of selfishness as a side-effect of being childfree, not a corelation.
>We introduce the concept of Mutual Assured AI Malfunction (MAIM): a deterrence regime resembling nuclear mutual assured destruction (MAD) where any state’s aggressive bid for unilateral AI dominance is met with preventive sabotage by rivals. Given the relative ease of sabotaging a destabilizing AI project—through interventions ranging from covert cyberattacks to potential kinetic strikes on datacenters—MAIM already describes the strategic picture AI superpowers find themselves in.

That's right, our nation, the State of Utopia, is already under sabotage and attack by the unelected insubordinate American military junta today.

This happened just today. The writeup is here: https://medium.com/@rviragh/double-slash-act-of-industrial-s...

What people don't realize is that the only people who are saboteurs of superintelligence are corrupt war profiteers trying to peddle arms. They don't have big visions of success, they want to just justify their sabotage while transferring innovation to their corrupt cronies.

You can ask me anything about my writeup.
Not anymore. Conservatives in Western Canada are just as anti-Trump as Liberals now.
> It does make geopolitical sense for the US to be more closely aligned with Russia. In a pivot to Asia it's much more useful to sow-discord in the Sino-Russian relationship, than it is to prop up the EU

The EU have been loyal allies. Their defence production is also nothing to be sneezed at. If we found ourselves in a war of attrition with China and either Japan or Korea stood neutral, an America with Europe has a much higher chance of succeeding than an America alone.

And if we surrender to Xi the way Trump has to Putin, that puts the American homeland at direct risk in the next conflict from both sides.

This entire enterprise comes down to some Silicon Valley types not liking the EU. It's personal and irrational and unfortunately, with Trump an ersatz monarch for two years, an example of why extreme power concentration sacrifices the immortal goals of a nation for the personal whims of a mortal leader.
Haha, a bit snide but not inaccurate. Over the year I had that money in there gaining nothing, I lost thousands of dollars of value. Even just putting it into a HYSA would have been better.
There's no teeth in MAIM like MAD has; first strike with AGI simply wins, and so the most covert AGI program will win.
True, but it is also true that lottery money often goes back to cities and towns, so those people get a tiny little bit of benefit back for themselves.
There is clearly a limit on practicality though. Unless you are suggesting someone should sell their 401k and buy Powerball tickets any time the jackpot exceeds the odds of winning simply because it has positive EV?
I don't know about thunderbolt, but the Apple Silicon macs I help my clients with have something really wrong and screwed up with how macOS or the firmware deals with USB 3.1+ external drives with constant disconnects despite sleeping hard-drives setting turned off etc. Searching on forums leads to similar issues others are having.
I refuse to use a chatbot for search!! I can just type it into a search engine and find it.
Trump and co are doing more damage than American enemies ever could.

And at the same time seemingly are trying push away what friends we have….
We've seen in the UK how that ends. But hey "you-know-who" knows everything best.
Had to use one for a few weeks. Low DPI screen and horrendous touchpad.
Well done. Intuitive and simple like this sort of tool should be.
Webflow's CMS stinks so we created a product to fix it
Exactly. And especially for my incredibly mixed use case, which includes some light gaming in crossover, the gpu improvements in m4 are apparently non-trivial.

I’m sure whichever I end up with will be a pretty big upgrade over my basest of base model 32GB M1.

The thing I’m most curious about on the new machines, especially the Ultra, is the thermals. I only care about perf per watt if it becomes unfavorable enough that the fan spins up above idle during normal
Tasks. On my M1 the only way to get it to audibly spin up is to get the machine to near total load nd hold it there for some time.
yes, it's apple and oranges. Apple is making a Veblen good. Dell/Lenovo are making lowest-cost/lowest-bid commodities
Simply turning off ADP for UK users seems like it wouldn't satisfy the UK who likely wants the keys to people's data who live outside the UK as well.

So Apple either has to fight this in court, compromise security worldwide, disable iCloud worldwide or exit the UK market.

The same law can arguably be used to compel Apple to backdoor phones and devices themselves as well.
I don't think the SL7 is a like-for-like comparison even if it seems like it on paper. The SL7 is great if you want/need to run Windows - I convinced my sister to get one and she loves the battery life and low heat (less fain noise) compared to her previous devices.

If you want a nix experience, Linux support is still a WIP and progress is quite slow because of a lack of help from Snapdragon and OEMs. I expect that it might take a generation or two to get it to the point where it was with the x86 SLs.

However, at this stage, I'm tired of the quirks of Windows so the lack of nix support pushed me to get the Macbook Air for myself.
Like I said, an example would be 100% more effective and convincing than your personal experience here.
It might have something to do with the fact that "fine art" is simply the attempt to create verisimilitude. I guess you get a bit of leeway as an impressionist, but painting landscapes over and over again just seems so boring to me. I would get sick of that too after a while. The "slice of life" type humor he employs in his cartoons is bound to get boring after a while too. It’s interesting that he doesn’t seem to even consider more avant-garde or challenging directions in either medium. Maybe broaden your horizons and get more abstract...or possibly even, dare I say, subversive? I haven't read his prose, but I have to say I'm not surprised a former law enforcement officer finds himself creatively limited. My guess would be he's going to run up against the same problem with writing. I'm sure he's seen some shit at some point in his career. Maybe channel that?
Thanks for putting this article together. It was exactly what I was needing to decide on which HTTP client to pick.

Btw, you could think of adding a way to let your users interact with your blog. I tried search for a comment box or upvote/thumbs-up so I could send my thanks for your efforts on writing it, but could not find it, so I resorted to HN comments.

Anyway, it's appreciated!
Organized crime ran very small, very basic "numbers" games that are the equivalent to the low-profile "Pick 3" or "Quick 4" games most states run. Hundreds, maybe a few thousand dollars of prizes. No organized crime ring paid out multi-million dollar jackpots -- this is entirely the invention of government lotteries and the private administration companies that run them, like G-Tech. When 8-digit jackpots weren't enough to draw desired participation, states joined together (MegaMillions, Powerball) to create 9- and even 10-digit jackpots.
Yep, there's no one else. It's a sad state of affairs in the laptop world outside of Apple.

Used to be primarily a Linux on the desktop user, but have been on macOS since the M1 air, and now typing this from a 14" M4 Pro MBP that will probably last me the next 5+ years easily.

I don't love macOS but it's usable, I pretty much live in the terminal anyway, and the ecosystem features are nice - I make heavy use of clipboard sharing between my laptop and phone, iMessage, and universal control with my iPad that's on my desk.

There's just no other laptop on the market that has this combination of aesthetics, performance, thermals (this thing is cool and silent), screen quality, top notch speakers and microphone for a laptop, and unmatched trackpad. Let alone anything that'll run Linux without some headaches.

I had hopes for the Snapdragon X elite laptops, but no Linux still, and they still don't hold a candle to the Macbooks.
An X86 server comparable in performance to M3 Ultra will likely be a few times more energy hungry, no?