skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
You should really look into summaries on how deep sub-micron adds more problems as processes shrink. It's crazy that 28nm and under even work at all. They also break faster in more ways than larger, mature nodes.

Far as 130nm, I'll give you a few reasons I'd use one over a 7nm FPGA. This is a non-HW guy saying what he's heard from pro's at different times. HW people, feel free to correct me about whatever I get wrong.

1. Unit prices. If you can take the upfront cost (NRE), the per unit price will be much lower than FPGA's. You might charge plenty per unit depending on the market. This can be a source of profit.

2. Older, larger nodes are said to be better for analog. Lots of designs are mixed-signal to use analog for it's lower power, extra performance, or how it doesn't blink (no rise/fall with clock).

3. ASIC's can't be reprogrammed like FPGA's. The custom design might be more secure like Sandia Secure Processor (Score) or CHERI RISC-V. FPGA's can only do one of these except for antifuse FPGA's.

4. Larger nodes are easier to visually inspect for backdoor with cheaper, teardown hardware. Who knows what's in the FPGA's.

5. Larger nodes are easier to synthesize, P&R, and auto-inspect (eg Calibre). That means open-source tools have a better chance of working or even being developed.

6. If not too power hungry (or power is cheap), some applications can let you outperform 7nm parts with parallel use of 130nm parts which are much cheaper or highly-optimized. An example what media wanting to do distributed, massively-parallel design for doing NN training maybe with 8-bitters and on-board, analog accelerators. My inspiration, aside from old MPP clusters (eg Thinking Machines), was a wafer-scale, analog NN done before Cerebras.

7. Improved reliability in general. In trusted checkers or fault-tolerant configuration, I feel like the 130nm parts are less likely to have a double failure or fail before the 7nm nodes.

8. If there's a business case, saying you built your own hardware is cool. It might even attract talent who benefit the company in other ways.

That's off the top of my head. Again, I just read a lot of stuff on ASIC's.

On a side note, you might find eASIC's Nextreme's interesting. They're Structured ASIC's that work like FPGA's in that design gets put on something with pre-made blocks to save money. Except, instead of software programmed, some via or metal layers get customized for the routing. While that reduces NRE cost, doing the routing in hardware supposedly reduces unit prices and energy maybe with a performance boost. They used to sample chips out quickly and relatively cheaply. Also, I think Triad Semiconductor had S-ASIC's with analog stuff.
It's interesting to ponder whether we would all be using GNU Hurd if Linux didn't exist.
> How insignificant are we in the vast universe?

That's one way to put it, but a negative way. The other might be more humbling: how significant are we? Or, as a statement instead of a question, we are the only significant thing of which we know.

We can theorize about life elsewhere, and we can write space-opera fiction about life on other worlds, but, to the best of our knowledge, we are the only ones who can. We know there is other life on our world, but not as rational as we. We do not know for a fact that there is any equivalent, rational species in all that vast universe that we can see, let alone any more advanced than we are.

Asking the question that way makes me, at least, wonder if we comport ourselves in accordance with our knowledge of our exceptionalism. If we are the most advanced form of life that we know and can prove to exist, do we behave like it?
> A Civil War in the USA? Where would the battle lines even be drawn?

Clear, obvious initial battle lines are not a prereauisite for a civil war. The American Civil War, where the conflict was largely motivated by an issue which had a geographical split among subordinate polities was kimd of a special case.
I'm probably much older than a lot of y'all. As a kid, I had measles, mumps and chickenpox, all acquired at school when I was young as did most of my siblings. My younger siblings grew up after MMR was available and never had the direct experience with it since they were vaccinated before they started school.
That's not grifting. The baby proofer asked a high price. You declined. No one was conned.
Just curious: what do you mean by "massive spending problem"?
Just like YOLO can mean You Only Live Once (so make it count).
Knowing CSS is mastery to front end development
Finland.

Back when I was in the job market and looking for a permanent position, we had a rather silly government that did poorly justified budget cuts. Academic positions were scarce at the time. I was looking for a position in Europe, but I somehow ended up accepting an offer from the US. I had never thought seriously about moving to the US, but when you are in the academia, you learn to take the opportunities you can find.

That used to be the American advantage. You had a less competitive academic job market and higher chances of winning grants. The downsides were a bit lower position in the social and economic hierarchy than in Europe. And the American way of life, which is not for everyone.
Not Bernie, but we know what happened to him when he tried to change things.
It's also blacked out when screen sharing, but there is no way for other apps (eg. bank apps) to ask for the section of the app that contains the user's credit and debit card numbers to be blacked out when screen sharing.
Decentralise government so a single election doesn't destroy everything.

In short: states rights.
> You say that any option will be social engineered, and then you go on to explain an option that Apple has already implemented that you don't believe is susceptible to social engineering.

An option like "a toggle in settings" like the other guy suggested will be social engineered. But option like "a possibility" available with hoops to software engineers or tech savvy people can't be.

> Grandma could theoretically install AltStore,

Only in EU I guess? Hopefully it stays there

> No, it's $100/yr, every year into the foreseeable future

OK. Add couple more hundred bucks. Doesn't change the point.

> and the cost could change at any time without prior notice

Well it all comes back to "we are at the mercy of the maker of the product we buy". From my vantage point allowing easy sideloading and alt stores are changes I don't want

> There is a very large anti-sideloading presence here on Hacker News

Maybe we read different sites...

Basically everybody is for sideloading and alt stores

1) big corporations who want to run their own stores and not pay Apple a cut for creating and maintaining the hardware and ecosystem

2) techie freedom maximalists

3) regular people who want to pirate apps and not pay small-time developers and don't realize security implications

Except for the second group I very much disagree with all of them and as I said the second group can already do it with some hoops
The same people voted the folks into Congress too.
> when the majority of people who decided to vote voted for the person

You're not wrong. However the portrayal of a mandate is a bit of a media fiction. He didn't have notably more votes than any other recent president.
I'm a heavy drinker (1.5 bottles of wine a day -or the equivalent- everyday, for at least 5 years). I started a GLP-1 at 2.5mg two weeks ago after the most recent study was released[1].

In just the two weeks at that low dose it's been quite effective.

In fact the only reason I'm replying to your comment is because instead of being a bottle deep in front of the TV at this point in the evening I got bored after one glass and decided to noddle around on the internets.

Ask any heavy drinker/alcoholic and they will tell you that one doesn't just have 'one' drink and then move on with something else. One is always too much, and never enough. Now it feels like enough.

Happy the share more if you like :)

1. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/...
People give up on commenting on this stuff, since the threads are silenced and flagged very quickly.
True that. But I don't recall Trump campaigning on this policy.

In fact he's putting into play Project 2025, the thing that he explicitly disclaimed knowledge of prior to the elections.

It's a sad sign of the state of US politics that this, which would cause outrage in the past, barely merits a mention amidst all the other rage bait things he's doing.

His barmy executive orders, DOGE, that disgraceful display with Zelenskyy reminds me of the Wizard of Oz trying to distract people from the man behind the curtain.
> Practically speaking, when the majority of people who decided to vote voted for the person applying these policies, what mitigations are left?

Impeachment. In a functioning government. Because the elected person campaigned on not doing any of these things.
The charges were dismissed. Her “plea bargain” had her deny all the key charges and simply admit to one false statement - which did not amount to any criminal wrongdoing.

> The Department of Justice said it would move to dismiss all the charges against Meng when the deferral period ends on 21 December 2022…

> On 1 December 2022, the prosecution asked a judge to dismiss bank fraud and other charges against her,[58] and the judge dismissed the charges.[17]
One can only hope for a blue tsunami for the midterms, though I'm not getting my hopes up.
Interesting to see this come up so often I. the context of the Democratic party. It sure seems like our two parties have flipped again.
Try actually traveling outside the US. It's eye opening. The rest of the world has been developing and the US has been backsliding. It's impossible not to notice.
I'm in their income bracket of twice as likely and I do this as well. Not because I want to show off anything wealthy inside the house. Most things I have in the house are quite modest. I do it because I just don't care. To the point of I will walk around naked inside my home I really don't care. I'm not sure what other people's motivations are but I agree with their assessment that it does show a sign that people feel secure. I don't agree with their viewpoint that it's a way of showing off wealth.
Or you need to ban or penalize chain businesses.
In fact, he had less margin than any election since 2000. Even Hillary in 2016 had a larger popular vote margin of victory than Trump 2024 despite having lost the electoral college.
FWIW a lot of people didn't vote for this even if they voted for Trump and the GOP.
> There are people making over $800,000 today who can't afford that.

Only because they are spending lavishly on other priorities.
Many actions the administration has taken are illegal. Not sure if those related to NIH are, but if they’ve been firing people, odds are good, since they’ve been doing that wrong most of the time it seems like. Congress could change the laws, but they haven’t. Lots of this junk is simply against the law. The courts are moving relatively fast, as such things go, but it takes time.

Congress is supposed to control spending and taxation. The administration is claiming a ton of powers related, especially, to spending. Various actions they’ve taken certainly violate the constitution and laws that exist to ensure Congress’ budget isn’t simply ignored by a president. This is another matter for the courts… unless the Supreme Court decides to rule that the radical and unprecedented far-right “unitary executive” interpretation is correct, in which case we’ve just entered a new and far worse era of American government, and it’s all “legal”. I give it 50/50 they do that.
LLM Assisted Programming, LAP. But I'd rather call it leap coding, because that's how it feels, like a quantum leap.
If you leave major cities in California you see a lot of empty space that's mostly brown-grey dust, with occasional small towns where everyone is very poor and came from Mexico. Your point?
But that doesn't go along with the narrative.
they're talking about federal elections 2 & 4 years. Trump is working to wreck the current independent FBI/NSA/SS and put in toadies loyal to him. They will effectively ignore any malfeasance that red states do at the polls to make sure Trump and republicans win all the races or at least a large enough majority to stay in power indefinitely. So he can call up and say "find me enough votes". It's likely the primary purpose the Project 2025 as first stage and re-enactment of "night of the long knives" in Germany, 1934. Just a bit less bloody and take place over the next year or so.
It’s not clear what good the midterms can do. It appears likely that the Supreme Court will hold that the president has the power to make these cuts regardless of any laws passed by congress. And even if he didn’t have that power already, he cannot be prosecuted for any official act, and he can pardon his subordinates at will. Beyond that, any action taken by congress is going to be reliant on individuals in the executive branch to execute, and the president can fire them at will until he finds someone who declines to follow the law.

The only thing Congress could do is impeach the president and remove him from office, but that seems unlikely when roughly half the country is ecstatic about what he is doing.
Frankly, I am not at all convinced any further elections in the US will be free or fair given who is currently in power and what they've openly said about elections and what they want to do to them.

The only real functional way forward at this point is some form of mass protest or resistance, which I see as unlikely to occur (and which I am not necessarily advocating for here on HN).

Barring that, the reality is that scientific progress will move away from the US and towards our enemies, and we will just have to live with the consequences of the choices we made.
>I’m not informed enough to analyze the real cost of developing a web browser.

Then why post strong comments about how much funding Mozilla needs?

The calculus is very different. IE could be developed at a 100% loss for the company if it still otherwise helped Microsoft, which is what happened. Chrome operates similarly.

Firefox needs to generate enough money to sustain itself indefinitely. So when there are signs their main source of funding may vanish, they need to keep a war chest together and have investments to weather any oncoming storm. Otherwise they just collapse.
Yeah there isn't much to do -- the midterms are the next best option. Nobody voted for this.. Trump won with a narrow plurality, not even a majority of the votes and denied all knowledge of the Project 2025 plan that's been in full effect since Jan 20th.

Congress has completely abdicated their Constitutional mandate to control the purse and the executive branch is illegally impounding billions of dollars. It really is a constitutional crisis. The 'right' way to do this would be to draw up a budget (not a CR) that closes NIH and USAID and whatever else they're so desperate to destroy - but that would take 60 votes in the Senate and would subject them to months of terrible press while they negotiated it, so instead they're just ceding all authority to the President and Elon and letting them take a sledgehammer to our collective government. Sheer embarrassment.
When I lived in Texas in the late 90s, the First Saturday Sale was a huge computer related flea market covering multiple blocks of parking lots in downtown Dallas. It wasn't primarily for electronics, but you could get a lot of stuff there. They certainly didn't turn away the electronics and ham people.

It was when people were still using phone modems, and I recall that every time a new speed came out, all of the businesses swapped them out immediately. On a couple of occasions, I was able to get a previous generation modem for like 5 bucks from some guy who had a trailer heaped with them.

Also, there were piles of Apple Macs shortly after System 7.5 came out. I barely had to buy any new computer gear during the time I lived there.

Weather-wise, I preferred winter, because during the summer, it got really sweaty and stinky.
> the companies that are succeeding and growing are using data

Is there data to support this conclusion, or is it just your feelings?
My impression with the visa situation is that while technically green card is very difficult, in practice most expats have no issue renewing their work visas, so effectively living as long term residents - buying properties, getting married, and sending their kids to (mostly international) schools. I've also seen quite a few who worked for a few years and then started their own businesses.

In terms of how well expats integrate, I've seen people from across the spectrum. There are definitely those who are meshed into the local social circles. Foreigner privilege is a thing, and I find that how you view social status is a strong determinant in how well you integrate. Those with a more egalitarian mindset seem to do well in this regard.
We're well past the point where something being illegal or not matters whatsoever. I'm surprised federal court rulings are being listened to at all, really. I'm not sure why they are.
Don't forget the DOE. The pipeline for training nuclear physicists to work at national labs industry and medicine is already being wrecked. Undergrad summer research funding is mostly gone this year where I am. Very bad for the country, very bad for US scientific leadership.
This brouhaha is not really about the subject of the request. That’s just context. And people can have good-faith disagreements about whether we should fulfillt Ukraine’s requests. Rather, this debate is ultimately about is how we treat people.

Respectfully, I don’t think you understand that treating people with courtesy is important, even if you perceive them as starting an argument, and even if they irritate you. It’s not just an appeal to emotion; it pays dividends in the end. If you don’t agree with that basic tenet, I don’t know what to tell you.
"nerds with a thousand GPUs" - Sounds like the title of a Cole Porter tune:

"Nerds with a thousand GPUs,

Nerds with a thousand streams,

with you only I experience,

the love, the chat of my dreams!"

"So prompt me, and list me,

index me, repeat me,

I'm yours till I elide,

so in love, so in love,

so in love with you, my GPT, am I. "

-With apologies to Cole Porter and anyone blinded by reading this post.

https://youtu.be/qdeM24FFpvM
So, Trump in 2016, not 2024, was actually the lowest (negative, in fact) margin for a winning candidate since 2000 (and was actually lower—more negative—than 2000’s also-negative margin.)
Yep! I remember that time. I ran Coherent briefly (1991 - 1992 or so) before getting into early Linux distros like SLS.
> Sites with smaller body text would ideally increase their font size, but sites with the same size or larger text certainly shouldn’t get even bigger.

Maybe something like this?

html { font-size: clamp(16px, 1.5em, 24px); }
This is not just about new grants. NIH R01 grants are 5 years long. Each year however, the PI must submit a progress report, after which NIH signs off for another year of funding. That isn't happening.

Labs which had years of funding lined up are suddenly contemplating layoffs, ending research midway.

It is devastating, stupid, and frankly, I am beyond angry. And I am also seeing the possibility that everything I've worked so hard to achieve over the last 20 years go to pieces.

We will have no king here, and we need to start remembering that fast.
Looks like the research was done by Proxima Fusion. Apparently "quasi-isodynamic (QI)" is a refinement of the stellarator design that has only become possible to compute the shape of recently, and Proxima Fusion used ML techniques to help them.

https://www.proximafusion.com/
ahh yes, coherent. where i cut my teeth on unix style systems. it supported memory protection on 286 cpus (true segmentation!) but had no ip stack (uucp was supported though). no x or graphics.

pretty good documentation in a big doorstop they called "the lexicon.", a decent c tool chain, a custom port of emacs (microemacs they called it).

only other unix i played with before that was some port on the atari st, which incidentally was a first class platform for the mark williams c compiler (mwc was the company behind coherent).

it fit on two disks. where i had a massive stack of floppies for slackware (kernel 0.99pl2). linux was more fun- it was open source by and of the internet.

fun times!
Seems reasonable. Rates are more expensive than Skype (almost 2x for some of the destinations I probably want to use), but not catastrophically so. I’ll chuck a tenner in and see how it goes :). Fingers crossed that can last me another decade.
Or, reform your Presidency to be a constitutional role only, with executive power devolved to the party or parties of your elected representatives that is able to show the head of state that they have the numbers to govern.

E.g. like the President of Ireland, or the King of England (via the Governor General proxy) in countries like Canada, Australia, New Zealand.

Also, the Electoral College is an archaic anachronism, and may I recommend a system of proportional representation?

Devolution to "states rights" is exactly that, a devolution.
The country is gripped by a fever, with 47.9% of the population basking in the heat. These individuals are indifferent to anything that doesn’t directly impact them. In fact, they quietly relish others’ complaints, seeing them as a sign that they’re somehow gaining the upper hand.
A) The answer is impeachment -- regardless of partisan policy discussions on what we should do with these agencies, there is a strong legal argument that overruling congress via impoundment and/or the actions discussed here violate the constitutions most basic precepts. Our founders, for better or worse, including one escape valve for such a situation: congress reasserting its power via impeachment.

I know recent history makes it hard to imagine a successful impeachment+conviction when both chambers are controlled by the president's party, but that doesn't change anything; there is literally no other legal path to reigning in an authoritative executive, especially with the 2024 presidential immunity ruling. Party bonds are strong, but at a certain point, even the most loyal congressperson will start to resent being made into a rubber-stamp like the legislatures of Russia & Hungary have been.

B) I really don't think the global scene backs up the idea that truth isn't effective -- there's lots of complex things going on, and some amount of emotional propaganda is always necessary, but we should never abandon the truth. Regardless of how effective it is in the short term, basing a political project on lies means it has no core, and can end up corrupted/way off track in short order.
And then of course cibuildwheel builds binary wheels for Win/Mac/Lin and manylinux wheels for libc and/or musl libc. repairwheel, auditwheel, delocate, and delvewheel bundle shared library dependencies (.so and DLL) into the wheel, which is a .zip file with a .whl extension and a declarative manifest that doesn't require python code to run as the package installer.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42347468

repairwheel:
https://github.com/jvolkman/repairwheel :

> It includes pure-python replacements for external tools like patchelf, otool, install_name_tool, and codesign, so no non-python dependencies are required.
That would be a cowardly excuse if anyone used it. It was clear enough what Trump is.
> I give it 50/50 they do that.

Do they even need to, though? If the president cannot be prosecuted for any official acts, and has the power to pardon any subordinate for ignoring the law, and to fire (and then prosecute) anyone who insists on following the law, what does the law matter?