skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> So the UK rail network was privatised in the 1990s with tracks and stations remaining under government control and private companies bid for a 'franchise' running train services for whole regions.

The tracks and stations were also privatised as "Railtrack" but they subsequently went bankrupt and had to be brought back into public ownership. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railtrack

> So basically franchises operate as regional monopolies and meaning passengers don't have any real choice of providers?

This is inevitable given many routes operate at the limits of capacity. There are a handful of 'open access' operators outside the franchise system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_operating_tr...
A comment mentions it, but Sabres of Paradise is another key component to understanding Dune as a referential text as it pertains to imperialism and religious fervor as an insurrectionist response.
> English has no 'correct' way to be written or spoken, nor does it need one, nor would it benefit from one, therefore, nor should it have one.

There may be no 'correct' way, but there are plenty of 'incomprehensible' ways. I once encountered a research paper that had clearly [0] been translated word-for-word from French into English and made no sense until I translated it word-for-word back to French...

[0]: actually it was only clear after I realised I should attempt the reverse translation ;)
I just received one of these letters. I was confused as I don’t believe I applied to any jobs that used this company or one of its many subsidiaries to perform background checks or drug testing.

I called and so far it seems they may have me confused with someone else with the same name- at least that’s all they were able to find when I was on the phone with them. What a total shitshow.

Another side effect- the disclosures at the end for New Mexico residents links to a pdf to explain your rights under the fcpa that… used… to be hosted by the cfpb. https://files.comsumerfinance.gov/f/201504_cfpb_summary_your.... Good job, doge.
Crazy. Around my area of the U.S., The Blood Connection has mobile blood collection buses that stop regularly at popular shopping centers, office parks, etc. Typically I don’t have to drive more than a few minutes to make a donation. And they’re also one of the ones that gives points redeemable for gift cards.
I'm using Ubuntu but it has a few issues. Overall it's OK because I treat it as a development machine for my side projects.
You're right. Pretty much everything is SRAM now, though. Even the MAX 10 is an SRAM FPGA with a flash-backed storage memory.
worry not, if theres intelligent life theyll find us, not us them
Yes? https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/14/politics/noaa-nominee-accuwea...

It doesn't take more than three seconds of Googling to get your answer. No wonder American media literacy is at an all-time low.
Honestly, I don't think it's a culture thing or a CS fundamentals thing.

I think it's the fact that software is 100x, or maybe even 1,000x, more complex that it was just 25 years ago.

Apps are built on so many libraries and frameworks and packages that an average application will have 100x the amount of code. And they're all necessary. A typical phone app is 200 MB, when Word 4.0 was less than 1 MB.

But it's not just the sheer number of lines of code that can have bugs. It's the conceptual complexity of modern software. An app has to have an interface that works with the mouse and with touch, large screens and small screens, regular resolution and retina, light mode and dark mode, it works offline and online with sync functionality, it works in 20 different languages, it works with accessibility, it works with a physical keyboard and an on-screen keyboard, over mobile data and over WiFi, it works with cloud storage and local storage, it goes on and on.

There are so many combinations of states to reason about. When I was building software for Win32 back in 1995, you worried about screen sizes and color depths. That was about it.

Software's just gotten incredibly complex and there's more to reason about and software quality is just going to suffer. Like, I love Dark Mode at night, but at the same time I can't help but wonder what bugs would have gotten fixed if engineering resources hadn't gone into, and continue to go into, Dark Mode for each app.
Games are the one thing that’s much better in Windows. But then the best way to play them is to run Linux with whatever compatibility layer.

Not to actually run windows.
Show HN: Earl: a framework for scalable reinforcement learning research
Seriously?

UK was the only EU member not part of the Schengen Zone as-in it was the only member you couldn't freely immigrate to. As well as it's an island, nobody hoping a boat from Morocco and landing in London.

Pakistani's aren't taking your job. The economy is just stagnating.

Post-Pandemic is a huge anomaly [1] but the article is talking about stuff pre-2019.

[1]: https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn06...
> the author may be misunderstanding what practitioners mean

I'm a "practitioner", well a researcher. Most of my peers that I talk to believe evals/benchmarks are a strong indicator of real world performance as well as much more abstract notions such as ability to think or intelligence or whatever those mean. But benchmarks and evals are fairly narrow.

> They do not _guarantee_ software performance in the same way that unit tests do for traditional software.

Unit tests do not guarantee code correctness. TDD is a flawed paradigm. Tests are good, but they shouldn't be the driver nor the measure. The fatal flaw in TDD is it is entirely dependent on your ability to foresee all possible failure points as well as there being an absence of black swans. It's success is highly dependent on the person implementing it, not the method itself. The common hubris of "this should never happen"

> I am not aware of any workable alternative.

The great problem in ML that we're currently facing is that all measurements (of ANY kind) are proxies to the thing you wish to measure. It is easy to forget this, to believe that even with a ruler in front of you that you are measuring meters (inches, whatever unit you want to pick). You are instead measuring increments of your measuring tape, which is hopefully well aligned with an actual meter. This is almost always "good enough" because the misalignment is less than uncertainty of the measuring device itself. The problem is, when you get to measuring much more abstract things, it is harder to know how well you are aligned. We forget to even question this notion until long after it becomes a problem.
Location: Wildomar, CA

Remote: Yes Willing to relocate: Yes

Technologies: Javascript, Typescript, React.js, Vue.js, Angular, D3.js, Chart.js, Three.js, Storybook, Material UI, React Native, Node.js, Express.js, GraqphQL, Python, Ruby, Jest, Cypress, ENzyme, AWS EC2/S3/Lambda

Résumé/CV:https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yxShBr6LC3LwtEt5-XEYAdZA0UB...

Email: johnhood920924@gmail.com

Passionate Full Stack Developer with 10 years of experience in writing complex logics beneath a simple UI/UX. Possesses a keen eye for detail and a design-oriented mindset, which has led to the successful delivery of successful products like Zillow, Airbnb and Walmart+
Is there something intrinsic to the general setup of government spending in the 1950s that makes it incompatible with equal rights for minorities and women? These would seem to be orthogonal issues.
I use my mac as a on the go computer for work (it's really light, and proprietary software works always), but I have a linux VM that I sync the needed project on it before I go out. If I have to use containers for extra services (DB,...) I may as well use a VM I can configure as I like.
Hopefully, it matures into a healthy open-source ecosystem that doesn’t rely on proprietary databases.

More companies than people realize are already building and scaling with DO SQLite or Turso internally. Almost every company I've talked to that chooses Postgres hits scaling issues around Series A — these companies aren’t.
"For the year ended December 31, 2022, our largest customer accounted for 16% of our revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, our largest customer was Microsoft, which accounted for 35% and 62% of our revenue, respectively."

Wow, I didn't know they where basically a MSFT subsidiary. Who are their other customers ?
You think the relentless replacement of UK services by unhinged sovereign wealth funds is caused by 'uncontrolled immigration'? I'll have to study this more.
The source report is a much better read. The article barely adds anything of value to it, outside of quoting it a dozen times.
Location: Wildomar, CA
Remote: Yes Willing to relocate: Yes

Technologies: Javascript, Typescript, React.js, Vue.js, Angular, D3.js, Chart.js, Three.js, Storybook, Material UI, React Native, Node.js, Express.js, GraqphQL, Python, Ruby, Jest, Cypress, ENzyme, AWS EC2/S3/Lambda

Résumé/CV: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yxShBr6LC3LwtEt5-XEYAdZA0UB...

Email: johnhood920924@gmail.com

Passionate Full Stack Developer with 10 years of experience in writing complex logics beneath a simple UI/UX. Possesses a keen eye for detail and a design-oriented mindset, which has led to the successful delivery of successful products like Zillow, Airbnb and Walmart+
From personal experience, literally none of them have ever listened to me. Not family, not friends. It is never too far and I'm always "misunderstanding" something or they always need to "look into it more". Then the next line gets crossed, the prior thing is now suddenly "not a big deal", and we repeat the cycle.
Polish space agency confirms cyberattack
Yeah that's a bad repro. Took me a couple minutes to write a concise one.

server.go:

package main

import (
"net/http"
)

func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
w.Write([]byte(`
<script>
(async () => {
await fetch("/test", { headers: { range: "bytes=0-4" } }).then(resp => console.log('bytes=0-4', resp.status));
await fetch("/test", { headers: { range: "bytes=0-10" } }).then(resp => console.log('bytes=0-10', resp.status));
})();
</script>
`))
})
http.HandleFunc("/test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
switch r.Header.Get("Range") {
case "bytes=0-4":
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
w.Header().Set("Content-Range", "bytes 0-4/1000000")
w.Header().Set("Last-Modified", "Mon, 03 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT")
w.Header().Set("Etag", "1234567890")
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusPartialContent)
w.Write([]byte("01234"))
case "bytes=0-10":
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
w.Write([]byte("Forbidden"))
default:
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
w.Write([]byte("Bad Request"))
}
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

`go run server.go` and open up http://localhost:8080 in the browser. For Chrome, in the console one should see

bytes=0-4 206
bytes=0-10 206

but if we use "disable cache" this becomes

bytes=0-4 206
GET http://localhost:8080/test 403 (Forbidden)
bytes=0-10 403

In both Safari and Firefox the second request is 403, cache or not.

Now, is this surprising? Yes. Does this violate any spec? I'll take Chromium dev's word [1] and say likely not. Should it be "fixed"? Hard to say, but I agree that "fixing" it could break existing things.

[1] https://issues.chromium.org/issues/390229583#comment16
One man's "dark pattern opt-in" is another man's "stunning rate of user adoption".
The built-in bloatware (LinkedIn, TikTok, Clipchamp, etc.), the constant nagging (like full-screen reminders to buy Office 365 to "protect" your PC), Edge is basically forced on you. MSVC has insane licensing terms — you can’t use it outside of Visual Studio or VS Code, not to mention it's lacking support for C. Windows seems actively user and developer hostile.

Beyond that, Windows' architecture is a mess, I hate it (There's a reason Microsoft has to ship WSL2). macOS runs all of my tools fine, just like Linux does.
> In my opinion training on all music is no more theft than Taylor Swift listening to the radio growing up (as long as we don't regurgitate existing songs which would be bad and useless anyway).

I beg of you, speak to some real life musicians. A human composing or improvising is not choosing notes based on a set of probabilities derived from all the music they’ve heard in their life.

> I think an alternative legal interpretation where all of humanity's musical knowledge and history are controlled by three megacorporations (UMG/Sony/Warner) would be kinda depressing.

Your impoverished worldview of music as an artistic endeavor is depressing. Humanity’s musical knowledge extends far beyond the big 3.

> If the above is true we might as well shutdown OpenAI and delete all LLM weights while we're at it

Now we’re talking.

> losing massive value to humanity.

Nothing of value would be lost. In fact it would refund massive value to humanity that was stolen by generative AI.
I am not sure I understand. If you don't trust the project to the point where you think they may inject malicious code into the local cargo config file, why would you trust the source code you are building?

At the end of the day, you build code to run it. If you don't trust the code you build, probably you should not build it in the first place?
Does Mitsubishi have the sort of political influence and lobbying that you might expect from a big company in Western countries?
Do most individuals who oppose AI doing so out of "just" self interest? Maybe. Not wanting to starve is inherently self interest but it's fundamental to not just human nature but every living thing to avoid starvation.

AI also has the potential to cause unimaginable harm to the entire globe.
Thanks. MSFT at least is using C# though.
I wonder how Napoleon would react to finding out that British voted to impose the continental system on themselves.
Comments like these help remind me a large fraction of this website lives in an alternative reality.
The reality is very different.

In practice, jamming of wide area is not a solved problem. It is easy to jam GPS because its signal is already weak, or a cell phone in a city, but it is very difficult to jam a drone in the sky which have a line-of sight to the antenna or a retranslation drone. Also all modern cheap drones have a way to switch frequencies if one gets jammed, and jamming all frequencies is also very very difficult.

You either need to have a very big powerful machinery - which is very easy to detect location of and send a HIMARS rocket. Or a huge number of smaller devices, which is impractical as you don't have power in trenches.

So in practice, drone jamming is only effective in the last 100-200 meters from the target (if it is a vehicle with power source) which doesn't really matters for surveillance drones as they do their job from the distance.

> Civilian radios are easily jammed.

In theory, in practice on the battlefield, when drones can switch frequencies on the go - very very difficult with the exception of the last hundred meters.

Because of this, modern killer drones now have a primitive "AI" to lock on the target on the last meters of approach.
I have a feeling your dislike of Trump and possibly even conservatives is clouding your judgement. Vance is well liked by basically all Trump supporters.

If Joe Biden has proven anything, it's that voters will vote for someone they barely like if they think it's helping their cause.

The only issue in play here is how many voters think lower crime, less wasteful spending, less racist hiring practices, and less illegal immigration is something they like. If they decide those things matter to them, JD is more than likable and capable enough for them to get behind.
That’s a good point. I’m looking for the same thing.

OT: for your old Mac mini with the non-selectable Bluetooth “add” button, maybe try Mouse Keys.

https://support.apple.com/en-ca/guide/mac-help/mh27469/mac
Oh, got it, thanks. So it's a totally different product, not an alternative. Yes, that kind of speedup can be explained by using memory instead of disk -- like I said, it's disk/IO speed. Thanks!
You can, Japan does it and they are considered best in the world. There are at least 10 different train companies in Tokyo, (probably more like 20 but I don't know all the smaller ones). Similarly in Osaka, Kyoto, etc....

> Rail should be a public service.

No, it should be run for profit but the system put in place well designed so serving more customers better means the company does better.

Japan accomplishes this AFAIK, by letting the train companies buy/own/build other things. For example, the Tokyu company that runs some of the trains that come into Shibuya station owns the building Google's Japan office is in. They also own the famous 109 building (10 = to, 9 = kyu). And 10 or 15 other buildings in Shibuya. They run grocery stores at probably 50% of their stations. They also build apartments.

If their line gets sucky people spread the word "don't live on that line, it sucks, it's too crowded and the trains are late" and all their business suffer and people start moving out. So they have an incentive to keep their lines better than the other lines.

They also compete on destinations. For example Shibuya to Yokohama. You can take a Tokyu line and you can also take a JR line. They go slightly different routes but end up at the same place. Similarly if you're in Kyoto and want to go to Osaka. You can take JR, or Hankyu, or Hanshin, 3 separate train companies all of which run multiple lines. You'll see ads for the multiple different competing trains to get you from downtown Tokyo to Narita and Hanada airports.
You have to gauge the trustworthiness of a random person from the internet against the trustworthiness of Mozilla.

Random people are usually pretty trustworthy, in my experience. Not all, but the vast majority are.
https://archive.is/911a0

Related discussions:

String of recent killings linked to Bay Area 'Zizians' (604 points, 30 days ago, 921 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42877910

The Zizians and the rationalist death cult (185 points, 30 days ago, 207 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42897871

Police arrest apparent leader of 'Zizian' group (172 points, 14 days ago, 161 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43083976
What are the American equivalents? Microsoft and IBM to some extent? GE?
That's not evidence?

In a previous administration, a previous CEO of AccuWeather was appointed to run NOAA.

This is extremely common, since who better to run a weather forecasting organisation, than someone who previously ran a weather forecasting organisation.

If anything, that's evidence that even when Trump had ample opportunity to privatize NOAA, he didn't.
https://archive.md/jbhfu
Technologies: Swift, Objective-C, React Native, Redux, UIKit, iOS Frameworks, Core Data, Core ML, Metal, SwiftUI, ReactiveSwift, Firebase, Google Maps SDK, CocoaPods Lottie-iOS, SDKs, VoIP, SIP, XMPP, TypeScript, Supabase, Vercel, Python, SwiftUI, MVVM, Git
> What about duplicate keys? CBOR's description on how to handle them is pretty hands off [0], and canonicalization is silent on it [1].

I agree on this point, DAG-CBOR in my knowledge is defined to avoid such pitfall. Again, we can agree that Bormann is not a good spec writer nor a good communicator regardless of his design skill.

> You're a lot better off just defining the format for JWT and validating receiver side; canonicalization is basically just extra work.

> I'm not an expert so LMK if you know differently, but for example the "best" Rust lib for this doesn't support canonicalization [2].

However this argument is... absurd to be frank. Canonicalization is an additional stuff and not every implementation is going to implement that. More specifically, I'm only leaning on the fact that there is a single defined canonicalization scheme that can be leveraged by any interested user, not that it is mandatory (say, unlike bencode) because canonicalization and other stuffs naturally require different API designs anyway.

Let's think about a concrete case of sorted keys in maps. Most implementations are expected to return a standard mapping type for them because that's natural to do so. But many if not most mapping types are not sorted by keys. (Python is a rare counterexample AFAIK, but its decision to order keys by default was motivated by the exact point I'm about to say.) So you have to shift the burden of verification to the implementation, or you need an ordered key iterator API which will remain a niche. We seem to agree that the canonicalization itself has to be done somewhere, but we ended up with an implementation burden wherever we put the verification step. So this is not a good argument against format-standardized canonicalization at all.
God yes. It is/was so so so good. 2000s macOS values. I had to give it up when I left for a MacBook Pro*, and I still miss it.

* had to give it up? TL;DR: A key part of my workflow was being able to remote desktop into a Linux tower for heavy builds. Probably could have made it work anyway, obviously you wouldn't try building Android on a laptop, but a consumer app would be fine. I left to try and pick up some of the work I saw a lot of smart people do towards something better. And monetizing that in the short-term requires supporting iOS/macOS, which only compile on Mac
Small discussion 5 days ago (17 points, 4 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43185383
I'm sure there's technical reasons, but from Google's perspective, one benefit has got to be the non-copyleft license.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hero_with_a_Thousand_Fac...

A tale as old as time
So if you get less HTTP bytes than expected, then it’s a HTTP response error and you throw the whole thing away. For example, this sort of situation happens when streaming HTTP. The server first has to send the response headers, which would be a simple 200/206, then the data, which could have a much more complicated code path. If there is an error in that data code path, all you can do is close the connection and trigger an HTTP error since less bytes were delivered than advertised. Client needs to detect this and retry. While this may seem uncommon, this is well understood behavior for HTTP systems.
Fair point, noted.
Location: Rio Branco, Brazil Remote: Yes Willing to relocate: Yes

Technologies: Swift, Objective-C, React Native, Redux, UIKit, iOS Frameworks, Core Data, Core ML, Metal, SwiftUI, ReactiveSwift, Firebase, Google Maps SDK, CocoaPods Lottie-iOS, SDKs, VoIP, SIP, XMPP, TypeScript, Supabase, Vercel, Python, SwiftUI, MVVM, Git

Résumé/CV: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1n9lZ64NJVQ-U6_dk8Z9AXzGUwzn...

Email: markanthonymapacpac48@gmail.com

Hi! I am Mark, Mark is a seasoned iOS developer with 10+ years of experience crafting exceptional mobile experiences. Deeply familiar with Apple's ecosystem, he excels at creating high-performance, polished iOS apps. Mark's passion for innovation and staying at tech's forefront make him a sought-after expert. His ability to transform ideas into seamless user experiences ensures an unparalleled experience. Whether building apps or enhancing iOS ecosystems, Mark brings his clients' vision to life.

Contact me via email if you want to bring your ideas to Life.
Microsoft cancels 200MW of AI data center leases
Because the EU seems to think it can just regulate such things into existence.

I find it baffling that people seem to attribute miracle superpowers to an entity whose prime achievement these days is tethered caps.
Organizations reflect the values of who gets paid the most to manage them
That is fair but we are explicitly talking about California here

> if you are an employee and that is direct compensation (not deferred capital gains) then your taxes are lower than California
I'm forced to use Apple and Microsoft products at work regularly. They're all so much worse than desktop Linux that it's not even funny.