skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Markdown is an attempt to codify formatting conventions that were already long in use for newsgroups and email.

Markdown was never really about codifying anything existing. Sure, it took a lot of guidance from existing conventions, but it also invented quite a bit, ignored quite a bit, and compromised quite a bit because of wanting to mostly sit atop HTML.

The most notable deviation from custom is its link syntax, which is simply bad. Where any delimiter was necessary, the longstanding custom was to delimit with angle brackets; and Markdown did allow <https://example.com/>, but its text-with-hyperlink syntax of [text](href) is highly confusing, leads to frequent errors, and makes the huge mistake of using as its delimiters characters that are valid in URLs. (In current spec terms, parentheses are in the set of URL code points <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-code-points>.) This has led to all sorts of trouble. My guess is that angle brackets weren’t used because of the potential for confusion with HTML tags, though there would have been no real parser ambiguity, and autolink syntax kinda messed that argument up anyway.

Then its image syntax of ![alt text](href), that’s just plain nonsense.

I’d say that reStructuredText (from a little earlier) matched existing conventions slightly better than Markdown, in general. And it was much more sane, as a language, especially when you wanted to extend it.

> It’s meant to be human readable first and only incidentally convertible to actual markup.

If it were incidental, you wouldn’t use it—just go informal and write what suits you, it will be nicer.

No, the only reason for Markdown is so that you can write HTML with a nicer syntax. It’s not incidental at all. Sure, that syntax is intended for human-readability and -authoring, but it’s essential to Markdown that it is actual markup, poorly-defined though it be as a family of lightweight markup languages <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_markup_language>.

> Plain text is the presentation format

Do you know how many README.md files there are on GitHub that are essentially HTML soup? It’s a bit sad, really. It doesn’t invalidate the intention of what you’re saying, but I would say that Markdown is noticeably less about plain text being the presentation format than it was twenty years ago.
Adding to @mempko's comment, in the most recent tax filing season data available, there were tax returns of:

Top 1% Top 5% Top 10% Top 25% Top 50% Bottom 50% All Taxpayers
Number of Returns 1,535,899 7,679,495 15,358,991 38,397,477 76,794,954 76,794,954 153,589,908
Average Income Taxes Paid $653,730 $187,468 $108,251 $50,963 $27,891 $667 $14,279
Adjusted Gross Income (Millions) $3,872,395 $6,182,180 $7,745,525 $10,613,602 $13,191,209 $1,531,038 $14,722,247

If we then break those into the actual groups, and numbers per group, then we find their Average Per Capita Income

1 2-5 6-10 11-25 26-50 51-100
Number of Returns 1,535,899 6,143,596 7,679,496 23,038,486 38,397,477 76,794,954
Income Taxes Paid (Millions) $1,004,063 $435,594 $222,966 $294,234 $185,068 $51,225
Adjusted Gross Income (Millions) $3,872,395 $2,309,785 $1,563,345 $2,868,077 $2,577,607 $1,531,038
Average Tax Rate 25.9% 18.9% 14.3% 10.3% 7.2% 3.3%
Average Per Capita Income $2,521,256.28 $375,966.29 $203,573.91 $124,490.69 $67,129.59 $19,936.70

There are 76,794,954 making $19,936 on average. The filing thresholds are "single, under 65 = $12,950" and "head of household, under 65 = $19,400". Many of the bottom 50% of America would "barely" even qualify to file.
When that Mac was first released, there was literally no external connection that would let you drive that display.

HDMI and DP at the time didn't have enough bandwidth to support 5k60.
"We haven't figured out pricing" sounds like a big turnoff for anyone seriously considering this who wants self service.

Just pick something that's a no brainier for people to try, change it later if you have to. Your biggest risk right now is people walk without giving the product real consideration. Lack of clarity on pricing will do that for a lot of people, even though you are offering a free trial.
Ask HN: If you work for Elon Musk, what keeps you motivated?
Many brilliant people work for Musk at companies like Tesla and SpaceX. Given the recent controversies surrounding him, I'm genuinely curious—how do they stay motivated to do their best work?
Didn't they just fire 100 NSA employees for being freaky?
WISP (wireless isp) operators have all sorts of neat directional gear that iirc is 900MHz because of the distance they can cover with it.
it looks as if Chimera has marginally less bubbles than DualPipe?
You can get powerline/wifi kits...sometimes installing your own Ethernet isn't feasible.
I adopted the fortunes-it package on debian, after I think over 20 years of neglect.

Debian ships the offensive fortunes in a separate .deb so it needs to be installed on purpose, and it's not recommended by the regular one. But it's there.

I actually moved a bunch of stuff into the offensive section, or just removed them. Humour has changed a lot since the last time that package had been touched. Political jokes made little sense, talking about stuff that happened when I was a child and didn't really follow politics.

I was sad that some offensive cowsay ascii arts were removed, but I won't pick that fight so I just got them from the archive and made a .deb that I manually install on my own machines.
He advocating impeachment for judges who rule contrary to Trump.

https://xcancel.com/elonmusk/status/1894747735930163542#m

https://xcancel.com/elonmusk/status/1894529307524923512#m

https://xcancel.com/elonmusk/status/1894525323217100953#m

I'm not sure asserting he lies quite explains the Cuckoo for Cocoa Puffs vibe I'm getting.

https://xcancel.com/elonmusk/status/1894756125578273055#m
Now that is impressive. Gotta love zero dependency projects.
> A U.S. Army soldier who pleaded guilty last week to leaking phone records for high-ranking U.S. government officials searched online for non-extradition countries and for an answer to the question “can hacking be treason?” prosecutors in the case said Wednesday.

I searched for both those sentences in the past year at least once. I also made other sketchy searches on a weekly basis. Curiosity should not be considered evidence of a crime.
They're enshittifying like medium did before them.
Huh? The graph in your link shows that AfD is indeed most popular among the parents of the average Reddit user - HN skews slightly older, but still. Scoring highest among 35-44, and in general pretty similar, showing a pretty normal distribution with the mean at ~40yo.

You're definitely right about Die Linke's demographics though.
I thought the fundamental hypothesis under discussion here was that the x37 has the orbit to move quickly and avoid interception. It being the second case seems to rule against that hypothesis being true
This is excellent Greg thanks for sharing!
One thing I do find missing from a lot of these API clients is synced environment variable entries between environments.

For example if I create a `dev` environment that contains a `base_url` environment variable, it's expected that when I create a `prod` environment, it will also have a `base_url` environment variable. Then in the future if I add more environment variables to my `dev` environment, I need to duplicate the work of adding an environment variable entry to `prod.

I can't be the only one that experiences this pain :P
The UX of this could be handled in any number of ways:

- When you create a new environment, ask if you want to duplicate an existing environment's variable names (with empty values)

- If you add a new environment variable, ask if you want to add the environment variable name to another environment

- Option to enable syncing between all environments i.e. deleting a variable row in one environment deletes it for the rest
etc

I was about to post this as a github issue for traction but given Issues are turned off thought this may be the next best place.

Regardless, Yaak is excellent!
There's no need to bring up FISA or Guantanamo. Normal criminal cases routinely get warrants from normal non-spooky courts for Google searches.
When theta=0, you have

q = cos(0) + sin(0)*(ai+bj+ck) = 1 + 0 = 1

That means applying the "rotation" to the vector gives

v' = q * v * q^-1 = 1 * v * 1^-1 = v

So the output ("rotated") vector is the same as the input, as you would expect for a rotation by 0.
And American left is pretty right by European standards. The democrats as a whole would definitely fall under the right camp here. Mostly the neoliberal one.

Someone like Bernie Sanders would be central-left here. But he's pretty much an exception in America.
Did they seriously try to call an RF transceiver a jammer?

Also you can literally "jam" anything with anything, I used to have a pair of walkie-talkies from the 70s that were designed to use (what's now used as) the CB band... is that considered a jammer now?
The only thing urgent to the people in Congress is how to figure out ways to make their lobbies more money. It was never about what you (the public) wanted even though it’s sometimes labeled as such. There are a few who do work as true public servants, but the majority are not. They keep getting elected solely because the other option is whatever is going on now.
So you’re an empiricist.

Is science “reality” or is it just a series of models/ conceptual frameworks ?
25 years ago, my country of birth voted fair and square for a man who promised to end the dark times and return them to days of glory with a strong hand. His name was Vladimir Putin.

Back then, the powerful force was resentment, and honestly, they had good objective reasons to feel that way, too, given how the 90s were in Russia. It didn't make their choice any less misguided, though.

2024 in US felt familiar.
Then ask yourself this: How much in sales do you lose if you don’t launch on Steam?
> My type safety and confusion guards have nothing to do with colors of any kind. There are no finite colors to run out of.

I'm having trouble seeing where the type confusion protection properties come from, then. I read through your earlier (I think?) design that involved isoheaps and it made sense in that context, but the newer stuff (in `gimso_semantics.md` and `invisicap.txt`) seems to mostly be around bounds checking instead. Apologies if I'm missing something obvious.

> I’m citing unsafe transmute as something that Fil-C doesn’t prevent. It’s not something that memory safety prevents.

I think the phrasing is confusing, because this is what the manifesto says:

> No program accepted by the Fil-C compiler can possibly go on to escape out of the Fil-C type system.

This to me suggests that Fil-C's type system detects I/O effects, but I take it that wasn't the intended suggestion.
Hot for HN maybe but not that hot in general. But we all know Dems have a lot of voters who demand ideological purity who will make a huge show of anger if they do something like this. The Dems have a cranky, fractious base and this contributed to their loss IMO.
Why? The challenges are quite similar.
What made you passionate about documenting stained glass? (I like these types of projects. Check out loc.alize.us as a way of finding stained glass windows in a limited geo area)
No drama, I honestly had no idea, it was thanks to your comment that I looked it up at all.

It sparked curiousity.

Now I'm thankful Australia had laws in place ahead of any pharma drama.
> It is a more complex format than Markdown

Depending on what one means by “Markdown” and how completely you want to support RTF, I might argue RTF is way simpler than Markdown. Certainly it’ll be more consistent.

Markdown is far better suited for human authoring; RTF is a data format, not a markup language. And you can cut a lot of corners with Markdown and it mostly won’t bite you. But if you want to do things properly, Markdown gets rather complicated, whereas RTF stays comparatively simple after the initial parsing/serialising cost, especially if you exclude newer features like XML markup.
why not inertial confinement? Z-machine at Sandia has been already for 20 years generating fusion conditions. Livermore NIF got that "break-even" in the recent years, and with solid-state lasers the efficiency would at least order of magnitude better than the old lasers the NIF was using. And the only real Q>>1 fusion we've got working so far - H-bombs - is inertial confinement. So, in some sense inertial confinement is "just" an engineering problem of efficiently "taming"/reproducing at smaller scale the H-bomb with lasers or Z-pinch (or both at the same time, plus the magnetic compression that NIF added to the lasers to get that "break-even") whereis, as far as i see, any Tokamak (or any other magnetic confinement) is still yet to demonstrate any similar results.
The New Apostolic Reformation Wants God's Government Back
Steak and eggs are an example of low residue foods, and are chosen by astronauts.

https://www.tastingtable.com/955518/why-steak-and-eggs-was-t...
This is the unspoken differentiator imo.

I have seen an alarming number of programmers hunt-n-peck typing, and it's getting larger..

To them, vim is probably on-par or slower
Bivectors and higher show up a lot in the math of 4D+ geometry, too. There's a fascinating SIGRAPH 2020 talk [0] (with a paper [1]) by the maker of 4D Toys [2] and Miegakure (a 4D game in the works, [3]) explaining 4D geometry collision physics (with a good bivector intro in addition to the collision math). It's a great read and/or watch that smoothly covers everything from building basic intuitions to the gritty technical math of extending standard physics models to N-D spaces.

[0]: Bivector section timestamp: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpxZQxXxMWY&t=479s

[1]: https://marctenbosch.com/ndphysics/

[1]: PDF: https://marctenbosch.com/ndphysics/NDrigidbody.pdf

[2]: https://4dtoys.com/

[3]: https://miegakure.com/
The typical methods would be

1. Train an embedding model which forces “similar” inputs close together using triplet loss. Here “similar” can mean anything, but you would probably want to mark similar vulnerabilities as being similar.

2. If you have a fixed set of N vulnerabilities you can train a multi class classifier. Of course it’s a pain in the ass to add a new class later on.

3. For any particular vulnerability you could train a ranking model using hinge loss. This is what most industrial ranking and recommendation systems do.
Your position is self-refuting: you are dismissing philosophy, yet simultaneously making philosophical claims in doing so-claiming that all knowledge is empirical is itself a philosophical claim (empiricism)
Rifling through the archives with Robert Caro
Wind and solar are the cheapest forms of generating electricity that we currently have and consequently they are growing very quickly.
Hmmm, does this mean he’s going to publish opinion pieces against tariffs?
I get paid pretty well and also don't have to pay rent since I live in my parents' house (very common here). I just don't spend much despite that. Transport to and from work, the occasional Steam/PSN purchase and every few months a fancy dinner are like my only discretionary expenses. Everything is so low quality. I save my money and spend it while traveling instead.
Same here! Slack is… fine. The one catch for Emdash for me is that we are hybrid (3 days in office) and use Zoom Rooms for our conference room are pretty happy with it.
This is a confusing article. I'm not sure what 'scrambling' means here:

Keyless repeaters and signal amplifiers scramble the signal from remote key fobs inside people's homes, enabling criminals to unlock cars.

And it talks about banning 'signal jammers'. How is a signal jammer useful for stealing a car? Wouldn't a signal jammer prevent someone from unlocking a car?
You should have Fusion Reactors first...
> Atkins doesn't say that, at all

The meme version of it does, and their official website gets pretty close - fat is unrestricted, it's fine to eat as much fat as you have an appetite for, it's fine if a large proportion of your calorie intake is saturated fat. I guess "to excess" is subjective, but Atkins certainly says that fat consumption levels that respected medical authorities say are dangerous are fine.
Certainly the plasma could melt the wall if it were allowed to touch it, but by shaping the magnetic fields that confine the plasma, the plasma can be made to stay away from the wall (not perfectly, but well enough). This is how many fusion experiments operate today. The walls are made of tungsten and other materials that can handle heat, so even if (when) the plasma hits the wall, the melting isn't too severe.

Some "plasma touches wall" events are more severe than others. Sometimes it's even intentional. A "limited" plasma deliberately touches a part of the wall called the "limiter", and the limiter is used to bound the shape of the plasma. (Contrast with a "diverted" plasma; search both terms for more details.) On the other hand, one type of event where it's very much unintentional is called a vertical displacement event, in which the plasma, well, vertically displaces itself until it hits a wall and melts it. These suck but are planned for and handled.

If you're counting neutrons in that "energy flux", they'll just go through the wall (mostly); this is how tokamaks are supposed to make electricity, ie the neutrons go through the wall and hit a "blanket" that's much better at absorbing neutrons, and the blanket will heat up and the heat will be converted to electricity.
Devils advocate, a few countries wont let them dock.
Good luck, the sales cycles for large enterprise to switch from zoom/slack are super long... and I'm sure now that salesforce owns slack they're gonna be giving bundle discounts which will make it even harder to switch.

I'll also note, I've yet to work for a place that would even consider paying for the teams pro stuff, and I haven't seen it at any of our clients either, so I'm really curious to know see how big the market is for this
How and when did you hook up with Raw Fury?
I'm heartened to learn about Die Linke, thank you. I was afraid AfD's only real opposition was an anemic coalition of centrist political parties. Youth are rejecting the status quo, they're done with neoliberalism, for better or worse. Radical ideas are in. If the only radical ideas are on the Right, well - we know how well that worked out for Weimar Germany (or the USSR under Brezhnev.) Democrats have had since 2016 to learn that lesson, and I fear they still won't in 2028. I'm not a Commie, but if the choice is between Nazis and Commies, I'll sing the Internationale.

(Yes, I know that Die Linke aren't literally Communist, and I know AfD aren't literally Nazis, but Die Linke descended from the legal successor of a Marxist-Leninist party, as AfD descended from the legal successor of a neo-Nazi party, so I think my analogy holds.)
Seems like a cool idea its just odd to hear about it before the underlying tech is done.

Do you have a reason to be more optimistic than the average punter?
I get what you mean, but it seems misleading to cite floating point issues with matrices and call quats lossless. Matrices are not inherently imprecise, they have floating point error when you use floating point numbers to represent them, and the same is absolutely true for quats too.

A better word than lossless is perhaps ‘overspecified’ when referring to a 3x3 matrix being used to represent a rotation or orientation. A 3x3 matrix has redundant information in that case (however a matrix is more general and more powerful than a quat). But axis-angle is 4D like a quat too, and more intuitive than a quaternion. Actually normalized-axis-angle (with no scaling) can beat normalized quats, because axis-angle can be a 3D value and quats cannot. Same goes for Euler angles too. In general, if your quats are implemented with floats then applying quat transforms will introduce unwanted floating point scaling that may accumulate under repeated operations (and if you compile to a matrix first then you also have the matrix problem you mentioned).
One simple chart to rule them all.

https://archive.is/ZFnAT
This would be similar to the French model, which allows youths born in France (except in Mayotte) to non-French parents between the ages of 13 and 16 to become naturalized by decree if they have lived in France for at least five years since the age of 8 and have parental permission. Still quite restrictive and presents obvious challenges to integration, but it remains more permissive than what this administration is proposing.

As for the underlying issue, I'm not sure, but I suspect it might be related to the so-called "$5M gold card." Perhaps the goal is to make citizenship more exclusive and drive up its perceived value?

French nationality law (in French, obviously): https://www.immigration.interieur.gouv.fr/Integration-et-Acc...
I will never get tired (I guess until, in some speculative future, it stops being true) that these root keys could land on Pastebin and nobody would need to be paged --- I think it is still literally the case that nobody's operational security depends on DNSSEC.

https://sockpuppet.org/blog/2016/10/27/14-dns-nerds-dont-con...
This is probably exactly what happened. I bet he used Chrome as well. It doesn't really help that Google Chrome keeps history basically forever (on the order of months), even without signing into a Google Account.
it's a fair point... sometimes announcing early is about securing mindshare and attracting talent, even if the final product is still a ways off. maybe they're trying to get ahead of potential competitors? or perhaps gauge public interest before committing further resources.
win 98 had the best animation. pity everything beyond that was dogshit
Any empire is the "bad guys" pretty much by definition, but there are still bad guys and worse guys. And Ukraine is very different from Afghanistan or Vietnam - it's a country that's genuinely asking for US military assistance against an external enemy that invaded it for openly imperialist reasons (annexing territory etc). Not just the Ukrainian government, but when you look at the polls, it really is a "people's war".

Now, that still doesn't obligate US to help. But it does mean that any military assistance that US does render to Ukraine can only improve its well-deserved "bad guy" image. If you truly believe that US did an evil thing by invading other countries, what better way to redeem yourself than to help someone who is being attacked by a bully just like you?
Just out of curiosity, is this the cruz of packaging it up for Android?

https://gitlab.com/lecarore/breakout71/-/blob/main/app/src/m...
In principle, there is no reason why an LLM should be able to do better than a more focused model, and a lot of reasons why it will be worse. You’re wasting a ton of parameters memorizing the capital of France and what the powerhouse of a cell is.

If data is the issue you can probably even generate vulnerabilities to create a synthetic dataset.
The jammer prevents the car from hearing the transmitted un/locking signals while the jammer themselves collects and repeats it later.
I feel like there should be a followup post "Dear Sir, you have reimplemented quaternions" noting how implementing GA and using it only in 3D gets you precisely right back to quaternions-but-with-a-different-name since they're isomorphic when specialized for 3D.
I need an LLM with access to paid reviews like Consumer Reports.