skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
True. That said, I'll also mention that tomography is a very rich, interesting field that's still open to new innovations. I work in the area and unfortunately needed to pass on a muon tomography contract some years ago. By the way, you may know this, but the following is for the broader audience.

---

If anyone is interested, the book Parameter Estimation and Inverse Problems by Aster, Borchers, and Thurber give an easy introduction to simple tomography problems in their book. Example 1.12 in their second edition has a very basic setup. More broadly, tomography intersects with an area of study called PDE constrained optimization. Commonly, tomography problems are setup as a large optimization problem where the difference between experimental data and the output of a simulation are minimized. Generally, the simulation is parameterized on the material properties of whatever is under study and are the optimization variables. The idea is that whatever material property that produces a simulation that matches the experimental data is probably what's there. This material property could be something simple like density or something more complicated like a full elasticity tensor.

What makes this difficult, is that most good simulations come from a system of differential equations, which are infinite dimensional and not suitable for running directly in an optimization algorithm. As such, care must be taken into discretizing the system carefully, so that the optimization tool produces something reasonable and physical. Words you'll see are things like discretize-then-optimize or optimize-then-discretize. Generally speaking, the whole system works very, very poorly if one just takes an existing simulator and slaps an optimizer on it. Care must be taken to do it right.

As far as the optimizer, the scale is pretty huge. It's common to see hundreds of millions of variables if not more. In addition, the models normally need to be bounded, so there are inequalities that must be respected. For example, if something like a density isn't bounded to be positive (which is physical), then the simulator itself may diverge (a simulator here may be something like a Runge-Kutta method.)

Anyway, it's a big combination of numerical PDEs, optimization, HPC, and other tools just to get a chance to run something. Something like the detector in the article is very cool because it may be a realistic way to get data to test against for super cheap.
I expect children to be better-behaved.
The example GPT-4.5 answers from the livestream are just... too excitable? Can't put my finger on it, but it feels like they're aimed towards little kids.
I think you spelled bullies incorrectly.
Indeed, more repos should add a SLOC (e.g. ghloc) badge! Give you a feel for what you're working with.

https://github.com/pajecawav/ghloc-web#badges
[dupe] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43197872
Rhetoric often has nothing at all to do with what a party actually does.

They also claim to be the party of fiscal responsibility and the pro-economic-growth party, but we've got at least 45 years of history that make it look like neither of those are really true—based on the data, they're the party you elect if you want the economy to do worse and the deficit to get bigger. Like, if what actually happens when they govern was what you had to go on, not what they say, that's definitely what you'd conclude.
"Available to Pro users and developers worldwide" "Try in ChatGPT"
Yeah, I also found it odd that they seem to be implying that an incredibly biased answer (as in 4.5) is better. In general, I find the tone more polarizing and not exactly warm as they advertised in the release video.
A master cartoonist ages alongside his heroine
Every line you don't write has consequences too.

It turns out that you just need to make reasoned assessments about how the system[*] you're building on works; what you need to make it do today, what you're likely to need to make it do tomorrow; how your work impacts other parts of the system today and tomorrow; what resource pressures your system is facing; etc

As written with its language of absolutes, the article gives horrible advice. If you were to follow it at every opportunity, you would write software that becomes more and more terribly brittle, terribly inefficient, terribly illegible, terrible incapable over time.

Our craft is one of engineering. It takes years of study and practice to learn to do it well. You never stop learning to take more into consideration and never overcome having to make hard, arguable decisions in light of both known and unknown unknowns. It just doesn't reduce to adages like this and you start building a wall in front of your own professional growth when start assuming it does.

--

[*] where system is inclusive of your skills and fluency, your development tools, your deployment environment, your team and their skills and preferences, your stakeholders and their requirements, your users, your budget of time and capital and mental energy, etc
they do have coding benchmarks, I summarized them here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43197955
You mean, the generation before them were financially inevitably fucked if they didn't have children. For our parent's generation it was more-or-less neutral and for this generation it's a strong financial disincentive. You have enough (barely, but still), right into old age, if you don't have children. In fact it's easier without children. Simple as that.

As for a solution short of canceling pension plans? That would do it, of course, but ... of course this is exactly what current governments in EU, US, Japan, ... are effectively doing: canceling pension plans. They can either cancel pensions in the future ... or they can choose to spend much less now. So of course they are really reducing pensions (from already insufficient levels to basically nothing...) That won't help the current generation choose children, although that may turn out to be the smart play. The trouble is humans largely don't learn rationally, we learn from example. So we first need to see a large number of Americans and Europeans (and ...) fall into destitution after 65, and see the few that did have many children get rescued by their children from that fate, only then will we choose to have children again.

I guess this is how natural selection stabilizes the human population.

This has happened before and it will happen again. (seriously, human birth rates change in "waves")
> No, I’m saying it’s stupid to put this on the moon.

I agree with that. Just not for the heating/cooling reasons.

> Where will you get the immense energy needed to melt supercooled ice?!

The problem was too much heat. Now it's too little heat. You can't have both. The energy comes from the server farm. The coolant comes from the ice. You melt your first ice with the heat from the server farm (or an initial solar field).
Apple shareholders just rejected a proposal to end DEI efforts
Apple arguably the most successful company ever. They've been deliberately since at least Tim Cook diversifying, and as someone who follows them pretty closely, you'll notice over the years that their launch events and videos feature a more and more diverse group of VP's, c-suite, etc. Again, can't state enough how successful Apple has been over this time, becoming the first trillion dollar company, for example.

Apple might be the most extreme example, but if you look at virtually all of the leading tech companies, which are also some of the most successful companies literally in history, they are diverse. Perhaps the smartest move Microsoft made since buying DOS was to elevate Satya who came in and basically did something it's hard to picture especially Ballmer, but virtually any of the previous MS people do, and that's shift the strategy away from Windows. Now I'm not saying that this is just because "diverse" but it would be pretty dumb to not realize/consider that other people with a vastly different experience in life might have different ideas about business.
That presentation was super underwhelming. We got to watch them compare… the vibes? … of 4.5 vs o1.

No wonder Sam wasn’t part of the presentation.
Young Frankenstein FTW!
Because he’s deranged. Next question.
13-14 minutes at 75C (in shell), shock in ice water, crack into a slotted spoon to drain runny white. I realize this is not technically poaching, but the result is effectively a poached egg, and that's what people are referring to (afaik) when they're referring to poached sous vide eggs.
It's pretty awesome. Some of the compatibility layers built on Wine (Valve's Proton/Codeweavers Crossover/Whisky) are almost plug and play. With Steam on Linux, a lot of games work seamlessly. I've only ran into trouble with very new games and multiplayer games with invasive anti-cheat that freaks out when they're running in an environment that doesn't look like a normal windows install

The performance hit is surprisingly low. It's not rare for the windows binary to run better on linux than the native one (when it's an option)
I agree it's a hard problem. I think there are a number of tests out there however that are able to objectively test capability and truthfulness.

I've read reports that some of the changes that are preferred by human evaluators actually hurt the performance on the more objective tests.
Both can't be true ?
Honda Embraces Flexible Production at Its New Ohio EV Hub
Ultimately, pricing is what the market will bear.

So if AWS prices in naira, and the naira loses 70% against the dollar, does AWS change their pricing? Or just take a 70% haircut on their Nigerian revenue?

I get local businesses want cost stability, but it seems like inflation will happen both ways: it'll just take longer to cascade through the supply chain with local-owned, local-priced providers.
API is literally 5 times more expensive than Claude 3 Opus, and it doesn't even seem to do anything impressive. What's the business strategy here?
>That's opinion.

That's opinion

>Yeah, and they were doing it safely.

That's opinion.

>And now you do, because it was necessary, back when it was implemented... this is just ignoring economic history.

You mean the centuries of history with public works projects that didnt require taxes?

>Also, Industrial revolution!? the 1800s!? huh!?

I obviously mean at the turn of the 20th century with the huge leaps in applied sciences and engineering giving us planes trains and automobiles. All done without taxes before 1913. You know, the greatest period of advancement in modern history?

>what's so bad about a 1% in diversity hires?

What's so good about it exactly? It does a disservice to everyone including the diversity hire.

>(also trans people have mutable charactistics, ha)

body dysmorphia is mental illness as evidenced by the ~40% suicide rate. Hows that for an opinion (Fact)?
This entirely. When I first read the title, I thought, lets see what they say about gRPC. gRPC is so much nicer working across applications compared to simple REST servers/clients.
This is a cool project definitely belongs here on HN.
I’m not sure that doing a live stream on this was the right way to go. I would’ve just quietly sent out a press release. I’m sure they have better things on the way.
I'm glad you have no stats, especially for hours spent playing!
I have a better feel for it now, and still really like it. Although it can be a bit jarring to have crazy upgrades and clear a level in 3s, only to have completed the run, and be back to 60s+ level 1.
I worked out the extra levels thing you mentioned (it was probably always 7 but felt shorter because of the fast pace!) and I hit 10 levels on a few runs, but the text was wrong a couple times eg. '+1 level lvl 2 - 1 more brick replaced by a bomb'.
The new coins are cute, although I also liked the spray of colour on the old ones.
The repulse is fun, although I had one ball bouncing left to right a few times, before another one shifted it, but could imagine a stuck ball had it missed.
6149 my top score so far. Do those scores/stats persist between plays, otherwise I might never be able to close the browser again!
Right, 'one last game' to see what wind is all about.
Someone hasn't read Julian Jaynes...
It is interesting that they are focusing a large part of this release on the model having a higher "EQ" (Emotional Quotient).

We're far from the days of "this is not a person, we do not want to make it addictive" and getting a firm foot on the territory of "here's your new AI friend".

This is very visible in the example comparing 4o with 4.5 when the user is complaining about failing a test, where 4o's response is what one would expect from a "typical AI response" with problem-solving bullets, and 4.5 is sending what you'd expect from a pal over instant messaging.

It seems Anthropic and Grok have both been moving in this direction as well. Are we going to see an escalation of foundation models impersonating "a friendly person" rather than "a helpful assistant"?

Personally I find this worrying and (as someone who builds upon SOTA model APIs) I really hope this behavior is not going to seep into API responses, or will at least be steerable through the system/developer prompt.
The Collapse at the NIH
To be fair 1GB is a lot, both caddy and nginx would feel pretty good with it I'd imagine.
Altman's claim and NVIDIA's consumer launch supply problems may be related - OpenAI may be eating up the GPU supply...
Bigly free speech.
Dune 2000 - countless hours spent! Ah!
I just bought the dip. /s
You make it sound as though multivectors being invertible is a special case, when the opposite is true. In 2D and 3D GA, every non-zero k-vector and versor has an inverse. In PGA, every non-zero, non-ideal plane, line, and point, and versor has an inverse. The inverse is used all the damn time when composing and applying transformations and performing projections and rejections.

As to which is more fundamental, I don't think it matters. You could argue that the dot and exterior products are more fundamental because the geometric product is their sum (for vectors). You could also argue that the geometric product is more fundamental because it is simply the Cartesian product of two multivectors, and you derive the dot, exterior and commutator products by filtering that product by grade. Both definitions are true, and "fundamental" is both a matter of perspective and irrelevant to any practical concern.
The fastest code is code that never runs because it doesn't exist
The people with "too much" (everyone with more than the person saying the phrase "too much", presumably) aside, giving everyone more money will mean house prices will be bidded up and rents will rise, because there is an oversupply of people vs accommodation.
You're assuming they were referring to Islam.

Women are isolated from men during menstruation, to various degrees from limited touching to full exile to menstruation huts, in other religions and cultures.
You’re at the 200 dollar tier?
>Looking at the websites of those companies, I also wouldn't characterize them as AWS or Google Cloud competitors

I'd say they're more "alternatives" at this point, as the article's title states.

But...

>They offer Virtual Private Servers, FTP storage, maybe an S3 equivalent and Kubernetes.

The number of AWS customers that could survive on these services alone is likely higher than we'd suspect, especially for small companies.

Throw in an RDS-equivalent and maybe load-balancing, and the number rises dramatically.

Of course, this also assumes the connective tissue is also in place (e.g. VPC, security groups, etc).

EDIT: I should've said "the number of AWS customers that currently survive on these services alone..."
I'm hearing conspiracy theories all the time now from many of my liberal friends. I'm wondering how we finally stop all of it.
This is why my new LLM portfolio is Foo, Bar and Baz.
Insane pricing - $75.00 / 1M input tokens & $150.00 / 1M output tokens. They mention it's a big model but it's hard to imagine inferencing costs being 20X higher than 4o.

I'm assuming they're doing everything possible to get everyone onto the reasoning models? This seems like it's going to be a short lived model.
As a benchmark, why do you find the 'opinion' of an LLM useful? The question is completely subjective. Edit: Genuinely asking. I'm assuming there's a reason this is an important measure.
My first thought seeing this and looking at benchmarks was that if it wasn’t for reasoning, then either pundits would be saying we’ve hit a plateau, or at the very least OpenAI is clearly in 2nd place to Anthropic in model performance.

Of course we don’t live in such a world, but I thought of this nonetheless because for all the connotations that come with a 4.5 moniker this is kind of underwhelming.
If some other civilization is sending out such spacecraft, would we be able to detect the relativistic light sails somehow? There was some paper a few years ago about detecting Bussard ramjets, but I can't find it right now.
Is your processor a good match for ml workflows, or will GPUs still be the way to go there?

Does your system use distributed memory? shared memory? How do you deal with memory bound tasks?

I’d love to see this released in an RF-SOC like the esp32 or. NRF52840, in my experience, RF capabilities are a requirement for the vast majority of edge applications.

What are we looking at in energy savings over best-in-class Harvard designs like the NRF52840?
most places where you'd use it use h2c prior knowledge, that is, you just configure both ends to only speak h2c, no upgrades or downgrades.
> - You know from the start you may not win every round.
> - Things can instantly and dramatically turn one way or another.

Nailed it. A good rogue-like deck-builder should always have these qualities. My favorite for a few years now - Slay the Spire - lives by this.
According to Wiktionary, the standard of living is "the level of income, comforts and services available to an individual, community or society."

Levels of income have risen. Comforts and services available are not as simple to measure as income, but consumption (a decent proxy) is also trending upwards.

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.CON.TOTL.CD?location...
Pretty sure Ruby on Rails sites were the same way.
Who is cheering, other than clueless boomer politicians?
>BTW Anthropic Claude 3.7 is better than o3-mini at coding at around 62-70% [1]. This means that I'll stick with Claude 3.7 for the time being for my open source alternative to Claude-code

That's not a fair comparison as o3-mini is significantly cheaper. It's fine if your employer is paying, but on a personal project the cost of using Claude through the API is really noticeable.
Toy wonders: 75% of kids ask parents to buy after seeing it in an ad on YouTube
You are talking about Android devices, right? Linux ones have no wireless (and power issues).
Meme coin moment fizzles after Trump cashes in
You appear to have the direction of causation reversed.

(In that fireship does the same)
Atkins theory was if people restricted their carb intake they would naturally eat a lot less calories. Because counting calories is difficult, the easier thing to do was just restrict foods to ones that were low in carbs
Wow you aren't kidding, 30x input price and 15x output price vs 4o is insane. The pricing on all AI API stuff changes so rapidly and is often so extreme between models it is all hard to keep track of and try to make value decisions. I would consider a 2x or 3x price increase quite significant, 30x is wild. I wonder how that even translates... there is no way the model size is 30 times larger right?
Input price difference: 4.5 is 30x more

Output price difference:4.5 is 15x more

In their model evaluation scores in the appendix, 4.5 is, on average, 26% better. I don't understand the value here.
Tesla hit with class action about its self-driving claims, hardware 3 computer
Still more coherent than the OpenAI lineup.
We had to wait for a team of github users to reverse engineer Legend of Zelda Ocarina of Time before Nintendo would do anything about it
Sam Altman's explanation for the restriction is a bit fluffier: https://x.com/sama/status/1895203654103351462

> bad news: it is a giant, expensive model. we really wanted to launch it to plus and pro at the same time, but we've been growing a lot and are out of GPUs. we will add tens of thousands of GPUs next week and roll it out to the plus tier then. (hundreds of thousands coming soon, and i'm pretty sure y'all will use every one we can rack up.)
Thanks for the analysis.

I could imagine the US gov insisting that AWS development/operational expenses occurred in the US be "tariffed" to some proportional degree.
I think it's fairer to compare it to the original GPT-4 which might the equivalent in term of "size" (though we don't have actual numbers for either).

GPT-4: Input $30.00 / 1M tokens ; Output $60.00 / 1M tokens

So 4.5 is 2.5x more expensive.

I think they announced this as their last non-reasoning model, so it was maybe with the goal of stretching pre-training as far as they could, just to see what new capabilities would show up. We'll find out as the community gives it a whirl.

I'm a Tier 5 org and I have it available already in the API.
I really like Caddy, but these nginx performance comparisons are never really supported in benchmarks.

There have been numerous attempts to benchmark both (One example: https://blog.tjll.net/reverse-proxy-hot-dog-eating-contest-c... ) but the conclusion is almost always that they're fairly similar.

The big difference for simple applications is that Caddy is easier to set up, and nginx has a smaller memory footprint. Performance is similar between the two.
> spends a lot of money on NATO and its influence in the region is a huge lever to do a lot

Not any more, it's been made quite clear that's over and is now an extortion racket against Ukraine. Long term consequences of this are unclear.

Again: what's the argument for trying to ram US social media right wing propaganda into an unwilling Europe, while banning tiktok?
"I may be early, but I'm not wrong."
25 or 30 years would be a good amount of time for software copyright to expire.

It would be fantastic if there was a way (somewhat like patents) where IP protection could be linked up with publishing materials so that in order to get the law to protect your software from copying, you had to have it published at the end of the protection period. (like on release you had to store the source code at the library of congress or something)
Who can we bribe at Microsoft to get Fallout 1 / 2 source code released? Would be really interesting when you consider that FO2 has online modding, so it would allow for so much craziness to ensue out of FO2...
Rats. I can't seem to find the thermal properties of regolith. Mostly rock, some heavy metals.
GPT pro already has already rummored to be 100k users. You think GPT 4.5 will add to that even with the insane costs for corporate users?
That's a lighthearted way to put it.
> Software development is an incredibly stress-free job

laughs from a bootstrapped startup
Not OP, but likely because that was the only metric/benchmark/however you want to call it OpenAI showcased in the stream and on the blog to highlight the improvement between 4o and 4.5. To say that this is not really a good metric for comparison, not least because prompting can have a massive impact in this regard, would be an understatement.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHun58mz3vI
It's the other way around on their new SWE-Lancer benchmark, which is pretty interesting: GPT-4.5 scores 32.6%, while o3-mini scores 10.8%.
Show HN: Diffty – Local Git diff visualization and review tracking tool
Seems like a very efficient bribery system... "Hey man look I paid..."
1GB would be for everything running on the server, not just the reverse proxy.

For small personal projects, you don't usually buy a $5/month VPS just to use as a dedicated reverse proxy.