skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Show HN: Mindmap Generator – Marshalling LLMs for Hierarchical Document Analysis
I originally wrote the code for this project as part of my commercial webapp project (FixMyDocuments.com), but I was so intellectually stimulated by the creation of this code, and so excited by the new design possibilities it opened up for me when it comes to working with LLMs, that I thought it would be a shame to have it "locked up" inside my app (which not many people are using in any case!).

So to bring this interesting piece of software to a wider audience and to better justify the amount of effort I expended in making it, I decided to turn it into a completely standalone, open-source project, which you can see here:

https://github.com/Dicklesworthstone/mindmap-generator

It's all a single Python code file for simplicity (although it's not at all simple or short at ~4,500 lines!).

In addition, I wrote the linked blog post about the design considerations that went into it and the various engineering challenges I had to solve to get it to work. Although the basic idea of the project isn't that complicated, it took me many, many tries before I could even get it to reliably run on a complex input document without it devolving into an endlessly growing mess (or just stopping early).

There was a lot of trial and error to get the heuristics right, and then I kept having to add more functionality to solve problems that arose (such as redundant entries, or confabulated content not in the original source document).

Anyway, I hope you find it as interesting to read about as I did to make it!
Chilean here. The curfew was very reasonable due to the scale of the outage initially affecting the ~99.0% of homes, and its the purpose was just to reduce circulation due to restricted policing capacity and the inherent danger of big cities such as Santiago being completely out of energy and artificial light at night.

Plus, both natural persons and enterprises could ask for curfew passes via a website (Comisaria Virtual) created during the COVID-era for doing police paperwork online. Military/police staff were especially understanding and people who didn't have a pass when checked were allowed to get one on-site using their smartphones.

It was as soft as a curfew can get. I didn't see any important backlash on social networks if that says anything to you.
Ideally the city of the future will have zero cars but that's just me.
> Why aren't costs involved with a mitigation actual damages?

They are. If you ever look at the damage caused by a hack it's in the millions and that's because they're including the time used to investigate and repair and mitigate further attacks is included.
What are you saying? He's so popular he cannot be referenced with a simple pronoun?
Well, I used Emacs for 15-20 years. It has problems of its own -- mostly that it is effectively locked into an antediluvian view of how editors work, and that to use it effectively you end up maintaining large and complex configuration files.

I still use it for some things, but what we really need is a new, different edition of Emacs that has the same basic architecture but a more modern take on all the stuff that dates from the 1980s.
My local experience with blackouts is cell towers become unusable after 4-6 hours; if the outage started in the middle of the night, sometimes things work a little longer, until everyone wakes up. Emergency calls have priority and can attach to any network, so maybe they would work, but not if all the cell towers are totally offline.

Certainly some towers may have onsite generators with fuel set to automatically run, but not the ones around me, and I've had two multiday outages this winter.

Landlines should work, but I don't know if Chile has many of them. I know they're rare here in Washington State. Wired internet is a maybe, depending on provider choices.
This is like saying "You love mosquitoes. Try not having any." Not having any would be catastrophic to humanity because whole ecosystems would collapse and we'd have mass starvation.

But it doesn't change the fact that mosquitoes are personally, deeply offensive to my day-to-day experience living in a place where they exist.

(That being said, I have a lot of money and love it. But I'd give a ton of it away if it meant there were whole classes of problems I never had to think about again, like paying for my children's university, or making sure I can afford health care. I'd certainly give that amount away if it meant nobody needed to.)
[dupe] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43183169
> We reached out to the new author and he does not have malicious intent

Because he said so?
The threat is real.
If your assessment of role of armor in Ukraine is that it's useless because of drone developments, you're just not playing with a full deck of cards.

You can think what you want and I can't stop you, I just want to say that you shouldn't bring this up around people that do real engineering (especially in aerospace and defense) unless you want to look like an idiot.
I devoured those when they were first coming out.
> you live in a place where it's not used as a weapon at all.

The question is whether you'd continue to do what you do if you didn't have to. I love my work - I find it challenging and engaging, I have great colleagues, furiously creative and smart, who also love what they do, but how much of our work is only accounting for overhead? At which point keeping track of all money flowing through the economy becomes the objective of the economy?

Let's think about means-tested financial assistance: seems reasonable to make sure money doesn't go to people who actually don't need it, but we also need to be careful not to invest too much in fraud detection that we spend more on it than we would covering for fraud. Wouldn't the incentives to get money you don't need vanish if you had something like UBI covering the basics of food, clothing, and shelter?
Is poverty really 'designed into our society'? It seems to me that the underlying aspects of poverty - particularly resource scarcity and insecurity - are inherent aspects of the 'state of nature', which are only escapable via the cooperative mechanisms associated with the formation of society and governance. Sure, these things aren't 100% effective at eliminating poverty, but the proposition that poverty is somehow an intentionally baked-in objective seems hyperbolic.

Further, the notion that the USSR failed because "they tried to make a better man" is an absurd whitewashing of Soviet history.
Very proud of this feature
This is life and always has been. It's money today, eons ago it was furs and food. Our hunter gatherer ancestors entire lives were centered around their next meal.

The only thing that has changed is the type of "currency".
Again, depending on the country. I don't think what you're saying applies to my example of Sweden for example. Sweden probably has some of the strongest protections for journalists and their sources in the world, AFAIK.

In Sweden, journalistic source protection ("källskydd") is enshrined in the Swedish Constitution through the Freedom of the Press Act ("Tryckfrihetsförordningen").

Obviously, this doesn't matter much as the submission is about Meta and OpenAI, so journalists aren't as strongly protected as in other places of the world.

I wouldn't say a blanket "journalists are in the worst industry" like parent did, nonetheless.
Don't most billionaires have at least some of their assets in the American financial ecosystem? If so then one could find buyers via extortion: first sanction them or freeze their assets, then make permanent residents and citizens exempt from sanctions.
> Is there room for a more altruistic form of investing?

One common trend that I see is that the bad guys often think they are the good guys; and the good guys often screw things up so badly that they create nasty messes and end up turning into the bad guys accidentally.

For example, in Massachusetts we want to meet climate goals. To do this, we subsidize homeowners in getting heat pumps and updating insulation. To fund the subsidies, electric and gas bills went up and many poor people can't afford them. And oil bills stayed the same, incentivizing people to continue to heat with dirty fuel.
This is good stuff, thank you for resurrecting it.

What sort of challenges did you face?
Linus seems to genuinely believe that Rust is superior to C++.

Having used both, I agree.
As part of our IoT offerings, we tried quite hard to build devices with mobile connectivity about 7 years ago. This was just as low power 5G, NB-IoT and similar technologies were going to become a thing. We gave up because it was too much effort for little return, and it was better to focus on doing things with data, rather than collecting it. Even getting prototypes up with powered fanless PCs (SBCs) and Mini-PCIe or M.2 modems was harder than it should have been - you would think it would be easy with off-the-shelf devices and drivers.

Small Internet connected devices are still needed, despite the perception that IoT is dead. Mobile networks and the modem supply chain are definitely holding the market back. On the plus side, for stationary powered devices most people are happy to connect to wi-fi. For low power devices, LoRa, with private gateways, seems to be a standard. Mobile that is used in outdoor vehicle and asset tracking is still stuck with fighting with modems as per OP.
This is often left to USPS, UPS, and DHL drivers to figure out on their own.

You folks are living in a fantasy land.

No wonder it's considered socially acceptable to order multiple Amazon deliveries in a week....
Long-time advocate of SLS rocket says it's time to find an "off-ramp"
Wow, how surprising, I had no idea. It opens up all sorts of questions. What do you do? How do you operate in a world like this? I was born into a muslim family but it wasn't until much later in life that I started to understand everything for what it is, now at 40, I feel like that's why its seen as the coming of age in Islam and when the prophet Muhammad (pbuh) received revelation.

I mean what do we even do? Where do we even start to correct so many of the societal problems. It feels like Islam has the solutions but people feel averse to it because of the continuing islamic terrorist connotations and related extremism or "backwards culture" that's not inline with western values.
I’m thinking the integers mod 2^n where n is something computers are good at (8, 32, 64). You have hardware support the group operation.
Yeah, we get it, they're watching.

Other similar pieces in the last week:

Your boss is watching

https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/02/24/1111664/worker-m...

Bosses Don’t Need a ‘What Did You Do’ Email. They’re Already Tracking You.

https://www.wsj.com/business/doge-elon-musk-email-corporate-...
But why would you discuss the implementation to end-users who probably wouldn't even understand what "implementation" means? The discussions you see in the subthread is not a discussion that would appear on less-technical forums, and I wouldn't draw any broader conclusions based on HN conversations in general.
Lately I've been thinking about how one of the main things that keeps a particular kind of money valuable is that it's what the landlord requires you to pay your rent in; the dollar has dropped almost to 1/10 of what it was worth when I was born in the seventies, and a much larger percentage of the supply of dollars is in the hands of rich idiots whose only goal in life seems to be to get even more despite the fact that they and their great-great-great-grandchildren will never need to work a single day in their life, with no regard for how much misery they cause as a side effect (and they cause a whole lot of that).

And then I go to the local farmer's market and while now pretty much everyone takes cards via an app on their phone that tithes a few percent of every transaction to a credit card company, ultimately making one of those rich idiots wealthier, there was a period where the best way to pay besides cash was to visit a little tent that would take a credit card transaction and give you a handful of wooden coins with various denominations screen-printed upon them; shoppers can't cash them out but vendors can; if you pay with food stamps then you get extra tokens in different colors that can only be used for certain classes of items; it's very pleasing to reach into my pocket and pull out a couple $5 tokens to pay for something, and get a few $1 tokens back, no fussing with the infinitestimal value of pennies, rounding everything off to $1 is really just fine even though I'm kinda broke.

And I keep on thinking about just... taking a bunch of those tokens, and seeing who around town I can persuade to accept these instead of US$.

But the thing is that US$ is also valuable for exchanges outside of my community, if I go to a coffee shop they're not going to be able to use these to pay the Brazillian farmers who grow those beans, I'm not going to want to accept payment for a private art commission in farmer's market tokens. And I know that if people start solving this problem with exchange policies for farmer's market tokens, then there will be problems with counterfeiting, and eventually the government will want to step in and enforce its monopoly on being the one who controls the medium of exchange.

And then I look at the amount of grinding poverty around me, and the immense inefficiencies of the attempts to fix that (sure, let's get all these homeless people out of downtown before the Superbowl and stick them in a warehouse that's rented out from a private owner for more money than it'd cost to pay all these folks's rent for a couple years) and I wonder if the whole idea of capitalism is just completely fucked from the bottom up.

So no. I don't really like money either.
We could be bonobos, but we chose to be chimpanzees.
They can't. The only way to be certain is to take that code and build the app yourself. If you're downloading prebuilt binary, you have to trust that the author is correctly representing what it was built from.

This is even more true with SaaS, because the binaries used there can and do change without warning.
Might be regional but fanny is definitely slang in the US as well, but very quaint/dated, meaning butt. Would generally be used in some sort of context like a grandma telling a kid, 'Get your fanny over here right this second!'

It would never be offensive or used with sexual connotation. It's kind of like the equivalent of wiener.
How did the smartphone based pass system work if - as tfa states - telecommunication infrastructure was also non functional?
I meant making themes for apps like Sublime Text, Zed, &c.
Robber Barons gonna rob. It's the Silicon Valley model. We've all talked about the playbook for slowly eroding services and adding intrusive new subscription models, advertising where it wasn't, etc.

IT IS THE SILICON VALLEY VC MODEL:

-Amass capital

-Use capital to undercut the market (even if that requires breaking the law)

-Build moats

-Kill competitors

-Enjoy your monopoly
Does the ad blocker do anything on Youtube since you have premium? It'll of course do things on other sites, but I'm wondering if it has any impact on Youtube.
Or a lot of impromptu parties...
VC is fundamentally unethical. It is “the rich get richer” made manifest. If you want ethics in business, start by making a product that can make a profit in the free market without using VC bankroll to undercut the competition.
> The patents are referred to as Standards Essential Patents, or SEPs. Because of this arrangement, a vendor like Nordic probably can’t open source their modem firmware even if they wanted to.

Why would a SEP license forbid publishing modem firmware? The IP[0] involved with the modem firmware is copyrighted and trade secret material; publishing the firmware does not (and cannot) grant a patent license to those licensed standards-essential patents. It only imperils your implementation of the modem firmware, not the whole patent spec.

To wit, Cisco publishes an H.264 codec with BSD-licensed code, even though H.264 is under a shitload of patents that they are licensing. OpenH264 does ship with an additional patent sublicense that applies if you are using their build and installing it in a specific way, but that is particular to MPEG-LA's licensing structure[1]. Publishing an implementation of a patent you are licensing does not automatically sublicense the patent.

[0] Laws that grant the ability to dictate the conduct of your competitors

[1] Cisco is abusing(?) the MPEG-LA royalty fee cap to shield FOSS entities from having to take a license, basically, by paying for them.
> fandom toward products and enterprise is objectively bad

fandom from the HN crowd is (usually) excessively bad but there's much more than the Silicon Valley Rainbow, AI and millionaire CEOs essays out there... and this group has better tech education than amazed ordinary people buying yearly new devices to call an API on a server or open Instagram/X with faster processors and higher pixel values on an ant's larvae sized camera sensor with fixed F-stop lens
In this scenario increasing lead distance is equivalent to detecting and firing earlier (ie increasing distance between x1 and x2), which again has serious technical issues. Yes you can hit a falcon with the same bullet, but it's harder to hit. And the big difference in these scenarios is that the bullet is moving much faster than either the pigeon or the falcon, which means you can always buy more time for the falcon to get to the interception point by taking a less efficient path, whereas for the satellite interception where your interceptor is slower than the target, there is some optimal path (basically straight up from right below perigee) that sets a hard limit on how long it takes to get to any interception point.

If your interception point is say 500 km straight up from your launch point, just to get there you need a rocket that rapidly accelerates to over 3 km/s, and it takes a little over 5 minutes to get to the interception point. To hit an 8 km/s target, you need to fire when it is 2500 km away, to hit an 11 km/s target you need to fire when it is 3500 km away. If to score a hit you need to be within 10 meters of the target at interception, then you need to know the position and velocity of the 8 km/s target to within 4 ppm, you need to know it with an accuracy within less than 3 ppm. And note, if you are shooting from 15 km up in a fighter jet, the 8 km/s target is within your radar horizon, the 11 km/s target is not. Not to say that you couldn't build a system with target sharing and more precise tracking, but it would be a different system than the one you need for the less challenging use case.

Now it's not a strictly either or thing. You could use a missile with intermediate speed and fire it less early. There's a whole continuum of solutions, but it will always be harder to hit the faster moving target. And of course you have real world things to consider like if the target has any maneuverability or countermeasures and how much variation in conditions you can afford. Generally you are already using the best targeting system you can get and are already in the most advantageous position you can be in, so the knob you can turn is "how big of a missile do I need to get the performance I require?"
Yes, with proper planning drunken bonfires are fine, I've enjoyed several.

One hastily put together without the benefits of electricity is less likely to be properly planned. Hundreds if not thousands of groups doing the same thing ensures a certain number are going to cause problems. And with emergency services already stressed, banning risky behavior seems fair.
If that were true, and I'm not saying it isn't, how is that any different than the money we're discussing? Do you think that I trudge down to the bank, withdraw cash (if only it were still silver!), and buy lunch with that? Do I put some in my pocket to pay the mortgage later in the week (even if it's not at the same bank)?

The money is just expressed as debt that we all keep track of (some of us worse than others), and if we express the amounts in modern monetary units that's only because there's little else we could agree on to quantify it.

Nothing's changed really.
And shirts, hoodies, hats, etc. Wild. :D

I am more curious as to why one would buy the theme and related merch.
Money isn’t “necessary” or even “real” in a physical sense. Absolutely everything that happened today (*) could have happened exactly the same way if money didn’t exist. The only thing money does is affect what people decide to do. It’s the distributed control plane for society. And as yet, nobody has invented a better control plane that scales.

(*) Ignoring things that happened with money directly, of course, like the financial “industry”.
If you're doing something for fun, cheating just ruins the experience. If you're doing something for the result, or for a trophy, cheating becomes more appealing.
Avoiding worry driven development (2020)
Pretty cool you got Warren Buffett and Cathie Wood to sign off using their names in your ad and code. I'm sure you took this seriously and ran it by your legal department regarding personality rights.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_rights

https://www.inta.org/topics/right-of-publicity/
This article isn’t super convincing to me. It seems like the author had a preconceived goal and didn’t try hard to falsify it. For example, what about the “gimwali” exchange? That’s clearly a barter system. I believe Mesopotamia also had some barter-type systems (eg cuneiform tablets show exchanges of one good for another).

And realistically we just don’t have records going back to the time that we would expect most barter systems to have existed. It doesn’t really prove they didn’t.

Sure, gift economies were also prominent, perhaps more than barter. But it’s hard to believe that you would use them on outsiders.
It's a valid question though - in class issues, the power structure is capital vs labour. Either you have a lot of money to push for change, or you have enough people pushing for change that money can't sway the popular opinion.

Your perspective puts you on the side of capital, though something tells me that you don't command the ability to commit millions of dollars to push for societal change on a whim. So if you were to try to rally others to a cause, what methodology would work for someone like yourself?
> I don't know the demographics of your game, but this is especially true of teenagers. (But not exclusively true.)

It's just a card game, and I expect that the average age is actually quite a bit older. Which is one of the reasons why I am quite surprised at the rhetoric used, because I would have thought that "adults" wouldn't behave that way. I was very wrong.
> the city will eventually be home to about 2,000 people.

More like an over designed village at this scale
How is it different from Signoz, a complete observability stack (including Logs) built on top of Clickhouse?
Both valid points. I colored the coins for two reasons : they are pretty and the perk "coins stain bricks" means that if a red coin hits a blue brick, that brick becomes blue (which helps with other perks like "picky eater" and "color pierce"). I think there could be a short text that changes once you perform the action, so "click to start", "catch the ball", "catch the coins for score", and "clear all bricks", then it would be gone once you finish the first level.
Steganography tool called ez-steg. It supports least significant bit steganography as well as emoji/unicode encoding via variation selectors. It grew from a set of scripts I had written to test out data loss prevention systems.

Includes some nice-to-haves like payload encryption, carrier image creation

https://github.com/a-bissell/ez-steg
By “publishing”, it seems authors are limited to distribution inside the ElevenReader app.

They also offer an audio suite:
“Authors can use Studio, our premium audio suite, for fine-grained voice customization, pacing control, and multi-speaker selection.”

And authors can use FindAway Voices (one of the most popular options for sourcing generated voices for audiobooks).