skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> What are you going to do, train your users to log into their router and enable traffic?

You do what has already been done for decades. You ship a client premises router that does deny by default inbound and allow all outbound and things behave pretty much the same as they do today with these exact same rules in IPv4.

Network firewalls still exist in a publicly routable network. If I want my game console to allow incoming traffic for game matchmaking, I can then do that. Or have systems that auto configure that. But then I don't have to have multiple devices fighting for a limited port range, each device has more IPs and ports than they could know what to do with.
> But it would be healthy for everyone if people supported a DRM-free and non-surveillance ebook ecosystem.

I dream of a day when that's possible, but all of the massive publishers with over 80% of book marketshare insist on DRM.
> So yeah labour protection laws give you very cheap engineers with 35hrs per week and 7 weeks of holidays per year.

In the US salaries have to be inflated in order to cover the lack of transportation, healthcare, and social services.

To claim that all (or even most) issues with wages can be solved with less regulation and enforcement to prevent fraud and abuse doesn't carry water.
The mood change between Build Mode and Buy Mode is genius. Build always felt tranquil, almost contemplative, whereas Buy was exactly the kind of peppy music that makes you want to spend your hard-earned (or in my case, hard-cheated) simoleons.
Thankfully this isn't the case or you would get the least talented people in government, making it even more ineffective and wasteful.
But they need to have a strong economy AND strong, consistent revenue to fund their defense budget. Don't forget that...
Also this:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42952605 - Ingesting PDFs and why Gemini 2.0 changes everything
That's not how indirects are calculated.

Assuming the entire award was subject to the 55% indirect rate (not always true), and the total award was $650K, then the direct award amount was about $420K and the indirect amount was ~$230K.

$420K direct

$420K * 0.55 = ~$230K indirect

Total: $650K
> People's undergrad C course is a terrible basis on which to evaluate what C is today. The reason C is associated with a lack of security is that almost all software is written in C, written in a time when either the internet didnt exist or didnt imply an adversarial local environment.

The problem is - undergrad C is about the lowest common denominator that all tooling understands and that all people understand. Of course you're probably not going to have to go as low as C89 like sqlite or, until 2022, the Linux kernel [1], but still, the long support cycles of many distributions make it challenging to move standards upgrades forward.

[1] https://www.zdnet.com/article/linus-torvalds-prepares-to-mov...
you are the one guilty of either fundamental misunderstandings or willful ignorance. producing enough lithium-ion storage would be insanely expensive at anything even close to current prices. and lithium-ion batteries suffer from wear, more or less depending on the chemistry, but all do.

you are wrong. green power is unreliable in the sense that it doesn’t produce constant load. i am asking you nicely to open one book and learn about the duck curve, then go analyze what storage at grid scale would actually cost.

you’re rephrasing what i said in an aggro manner: running temporarily off renewables doesn’t change the need for storage and peakers. all the countries i know of who’ve done that have much, much lower energy consumption and are much smaller than America.

not sure where you got this alt-right allegation, but please go learn some more about this topic. in the mean time, know your place and mind your manners.
Is that for sarcasm?
> we'll fix it hopefully soon, it's long overdue. I'm sorry this hasn't happened yet

If one could describe the state of Bugzilla in two sentences, that would be it :P
The issue isn't a much fraud for nickels as it would be failure to accept the coin, and just taking your money.
I think you’re exactly right on this.
Further , difficulty in remembering or visualizing IPv6 addresses I think makes it more difficult to understand how it works (vs learning how v4 really works) and thus weaker adoption
That's interesting. Do NATs in the wild tend to be spec-compliant with their timeouts?
I migrated all my Nginx hosts to use Caddy a while back. It doesn't do anything Nginx can't, but the default configuration is identical to the way I'd previously manually configured servers. It's so pleasant to get an HTTPS site up and running with 3 lines of setup.
> I mean even if there is no "Happy Eyeballs", it would still work for end users, > no?

No browsers and other clients prefer IPv6 and there would be a rather long timeout till the client falls back and tries IPv4. If it falls back.

> So why would it work sometimes if IPv6 is consistently broken and IPv4 is not?
> (I'm not saying it won't happen; just that it shouldn't be "caused by HE" -- HE > literally is the solution to this issue in general as the author said
> themselves!)

IPv6 wasn't broken. For HE, an HTTP 403 is a valid connection. TCP handshake works, IPv6 works.

I had another case where the TCP handshake worked, and the browser decided to use IPv6 is good, but then came the TLS handshake, and it failed because PMTUD (Path MTU Discovery) was broken.
Dela: A task runner that delegates the work to other tools
Yes. Hasn't been a problem yet for my bank pdfs.

As I said, I verify it. Since it's a total over many transactions, it's hard to hallucinate and then get the same total the bank sheet has.

Ya know?
Ah makes sense. In Canada we were taught to use spaces to separate, and decimals for decimals. But being stuck so close to the US we end up with a mess of everything.
Kobo is definitely superior to Kindle in my book. The hardware is great and it's completely open to sideloading and even modding (it runs Linux under the hood).

I can't speak to their digital bookstore but they integrate with Overdrive for library borrowing.
Poll: How can science get its mojo back?
Many of you seem to be on Team Science™, but even on HN the discontent is boiling over. Recently someone asked about non-mainstream ideas to treat GBM (cancer). There were 373 comments over 7 days.

There’s always been dissident voices in the scientific community. Attention goes where money flows: extremely serious mistakes in the scientific consensus didn’t matter until the powerful realized Science™ could be used to make money.

Many of you are dismissive of people who question [0] if it was wise to try to prevent infections of a rapidly mutating seasonal cold virus with an experimental first-in-class vaccine targeting the proteins that are most like our own tissues [1]. It’s been 3 years - most the population has become anti-booster.

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28908797

[1] e.g., https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-96233-7.pdf

A few decades ago only a few peasants were upset about Medicine™ using incomplete science to make work for the medical industry. One got the ear of RFK Jr., who was then focusing on environmental law. The pitchfork-wielding peasant said, essentially, “Science™ is hurting children, please help us.” RFK Jr. considered the dissident science compiled by the angry peasants, and realized they might have a point: medicine might’ve been captured by charlatans.

Many of you think Cheeto Hitler 2.0 is a crazy guerilla who’s deploying teams to smash everything good and pure about science. But the pitchfork-wielding peasants are cheering Saint Trump’s having given Saint Elon root access to the Imperial Mainframe. The peasants’ latest celebrations are of this week’s consecration of Saint RFK Jr. as secretary of Health & Human Services.

Science had a pretty good run, but now it’s in desperate need of help. If Team Science™ wants its mojo back, one strategy is to acknowledge that mistakes were made. What mistakes can be acknowledged?
The food pyramid
The former use of arsenic in chicken feed to make chicken meat pink
The recommendation of polyunsaturated fats
The slandering of saturated fats
The coercion of PCR tests on symptomless people
The culling of flocks of egg layers on the basis of PCR tests
The coercion of COVID-19 vaccines on those who were already immune
The coercion of COVID-19 vaccines on children & healthy young adults
The use of seasonal vaccines (for colds and flus) on children
WIPO [Write In Poll Option] - comment below
I was under the impression that cell carriers famously went all in on v6 because it saves them money?
>I was reading a Reddit thread on this, and not a single person there understood this

were you surprised by this revelation?
There's going to be major efforts especially in Europe, to de-couple from the US. We saw this to some extent in Trump 1.0 but he didn't actually do much due to the ineptness of those around him and a Senate that was still dominated by the anti-MAGA GOP "old guard". This time it is much, much worse.
William Kahan worked on both IEEE 754 and HP calculators. The speed gap between something like an 8087 and a calculator was not that big back then, either.
First of all: ASAP? You're talking about a trillion dollar program that would take centuries. We can't even feed the people on this planet or stop murdering each other for 5 minutes. Why is it of such utmost important to detect something vaguely out there?

Second: I'm not sure why you're asking about fossils and debris? The size of space is so big that the most advanced state of the art is to detect atmospheric compositions as a whole. How would we possibly be testing for microfossils"?

If you mean on more local places like Mars, there's pretty good evidence Mars has/had a microbiome. But without better proof, it's not like they're going to make announcements. The rovers make deliberate choices on what experiments it carries and those devices need to withstand the trip and justify the shipping/opportunity cost. They don't have an electron microscope, but they have tried other methods of identifying life. A small ETM is planned for a future mission, though.

And to wrap it up: you're assuming life would want to be found. Space is unfathomably big, but it's also unfathomably old*. Humans won't be recognizable if we survive a few million years. How about a billion? What results may not even seem like life as we know it all. Their home may not even exist anymore, and they move through the interstellar medium. We can only look for known signs of bioactivity right now... not, say, crystalline beings in stasis ships traveling the void with virtually 0 energy emissions.

Or maybe they just realized it's a waste of resources - what would one even have to gain compared to lose? They may have made horrifying weapons that have no countermeasures and hide, knowing any first contact could kill their entire people.

And if they're sufficiently advanced, why not just create digital heavens and live in bliss and excitement for, essentially, eternity with their families and friends? Why look out into a void for aliens they probably could never understand when they can have cool space adventures with sci fi technology in their Matryoshka Brain?

All this is, is a neat thought. You're letting it get to you, but it's genuinely not important. Smart folk are trying, but it takes a long time and the odds aren't in favor of your life changing in even the smallest way from the endeavor.
Cylinder deactivation is for reducing losses when coasting, not braking. You want more losses if you actually intent to slow down. Some trucks have retarder that open valves at TDC, so it dumps energy from compression instead of pushing piston back down.
Looks cool to me, but is there any proof of performance that it is the fastest url shortener?
I really liked that game for it's many quirks, and the track editor obviously.

The briefly mentioned Restunts sounds interesting, I'll have to check if it's just a port to C or whether they already extended the game and made it run on modern systems.
IPv6 looks silly until you learn about the problems it actually solves, and then realize it would be completely impossible to incrementally upgrade IPv4 to get there.
I think the term "gaming" was overstating the point relative to my argument. What I see is that the previous regulations got a lot of the low hanging fruit, and now there aren't really big gains to be had like that.

I actually don't think companies will go backwards on improvements they've already adopted. The mechanism I see is a reluctance to spend design time on changing things (ie keep selling the same old shit), rather than pure cost optimization with newer technologies costing more.

I'd say a big cause of the problem here is the handwavey nature of regulations focusing on "high level" goals like efficiency and expecting that engineers can magically find it somewhere [0], rather than more direct things like "all appliance motors that consume more than 5% of the energy used by the appliance must be brushless ECM"

[0] similarly, see the repeated calls for magical encryption backdoors that don't weaken security
You can have IPv6. Though you can't have SLAAC.

Although https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7217 doesn't require a /64 or shorter prefix for its variant of address auto-configuration, for example Linux doesn't allow otherwise.
> incoming connections are not routable by default

Tons of firewalls ship with this as a default logic, it doesn't require NAT in the slightest.
Nobody in any other occupation expects not to be managed or measured, not to need to meet with their coworkers to discuss their work, not to need to evaluate prospective hires, or not to be expected to to give estimates, timeframes and deadlines for their work.

Programmers commonly express all of those and more on this website and it isn't considered unusual or even particularly demanding. It is treated as a truism that you can't possibly expect a programmer to tell you how long a project will take, for example.

This has nothing to do with people wanting "minimum discomfort". It is about crazy and obviously unrealistic expectations of work structure, where people are never expected to ever do anything, being promoted as some kind of baseline work environment.

There will never be a serious business that does those things. It is impossible to run a business if you pay staff but:

- cannot evaluate their quality before hiring them
- cannot measure their work
- cannot get an estimate out of them
- cannot set them deadlines
- cannot talk to them
- cannot get them into the office
- cannot talk to them in groups
- cannot evaluate them over time
- cannot lay then off

etc.

It is different from other occupations because nobody outside the HN/reddit bubble thinks any of this let alone all of it.
It’s not even told, it continues a text (or denoises an image) in a way that closely resembles what was in the training data. Experience, senses, thoughts, reasoning and motivation were all there in original human- and nature-produced data. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43003186

Doesn’t mean the result is ideal, far from that. But your “bullet points” imply some specialness which has to be explained. Personally I don’t love the style of refusal you’re demonstrating, because it’s similar to if you know you know and other self-referential nonsense. At least add some becauses into your arguments, because “it has no X” is a simplification far below the level of usefulness here.

Anyway, how does that prevent creating AI personas again?
Jurisdictions always matter, other OS licenses are also subject to local laws and its not a given they will be valid or interpreted as intended. Arguably it's the intention of the creator of the software that matters in how licenses are actually enforced (or not). So in that sense PD is fine. There are also plenty of easy cures for PD, such as making changes and then copyrighting and licensing that derived work as required.

The GPL forces you to license all your relevant software under restrictive terms (ie under the terms of the GPL). How people can declare that as 'free' I'll never understand, it's just ideological nonsense.

The GPL makes it hard or impossible to make money from your software since anyone else can duplicate and sell it. That's obviously neutering commercial use.
>it can be too easy to overpack

I think there are items that have a good size/weight to utility if you do end up needing them in a place where you can't just run to a store. But you also need to be careful not to fall into a "just one more thing" trap because it occurs to you something might be useful or even was useful in a very specific set of circumstances.
Is this from the article that was on the front page a few days ago? If so, it's not true. The title was intentionally misleading, they said they're the best, but if you read the article it was that they're actually the best in some subproblem, not the actual thing.
I second this, it forces security by default (at least keeping devices from being directly exposed)
> TX generates 138% more electricity in 2023 vs. 2009 [1]. By contrast CA generated 5% less electricity in 2023 vs. 2009 [2] (roughly same for any 2 years around those start and stop years).

Isn't some of that because Texas has no major connections to other grids? As your quote from the article points out that means that to meet increasing demand Texas has to build more power generation in Texas.

If California, which is well-connected to other states' grids, needs more electricity they can buy it from other states.

> I do wish this topic were treated less politically and more pragmatically. At this point everyone seems to agree we need more electricity in the future with less carbon intensity and so far, TX is one of the few states actually achieving it at scale.

That's good but its not the whole story. You've got to also look at the mix of renewables and non-renewables. Texas is moving in the right direction, but other states are too and many are farther ahead.

In 2022 Texas produced 139 TWh of renewable electricity [1], which is more than any other state--about 50% more than second place (Washington at 88 TWh)

But Texas also was #1 in non-renewable electricity production at 386 TWh. (Second most is Florida at about 240 TWh).

Percent of electricity from renewals is probably a better way to compare states. Of the top 10 electricity producing states California has the highest renewable precentage at 43%. New York and Texas are at 28% and 27%. The rest of the top 10 is a few around 12-13% and the rest in the 3-10% range.

CO2 Mt/TWh is also useful as it can give some idea of how dirty a state's non-renewables are. For example Delaware and Montana emit 505 and 504 Mt/TWh CO2, but Delaware is only using 3% renewable electricity whereas Montana is using 52% renewable. That suggests that Montana's non-renewables are quite a bit dirtier than Delaware's non-renewables.

Texas is 406 Mt/TWh. Combined with their 26% renewables this suggests that their non-renewables produce around 556 Mt/TWh CO2. There is way dirtier out there (Wyoming at almost 1100 and West Virginia at around 960 for example), but of the top 10 electricity producers only Ohio matches it. California is 380 and Florida is 401.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_renewab...
I have used caddy for years as a reverse proxy for all my side projects. It is one of my favorite pieces of software.

So easy to setup and performs very well.
Unless there's a different kind of rotation in later levels, what happens after forming a line is equivalent to having the existing structure "collapse" under gravity (any suspended blocks fall straight down). This is purely beneficial to the player, and means there's a bit less strategy involved than I would first have thought: you can just play normally and any errors will get fixed every time you complete a line!

Edit: I'm kind of wrong about that because there's a different kind of rotation that happens if you form a complete vertical line.
Caddy is pretty nice, I believe Coolify uses it as part of their self-hosted open source PaaS model. Just out of curiosity, are there any alternatives in Rust? I think Pingora is one, as well as River which is built on top of it [0], but I'm not sure how widely used the latter is as a Caddy replacement.

[0] https://github.com/memorysafety/river
> Is he wrong?

When it comes to government, yes.
Discussions

(229 points, 12 days ago, 128 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42938802

(61 points, 6 days ago, 45 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42999088
> HTTP2 requires SSL

Strictly speaking it doesn't, unencrypted HTTP2 is allowed per the spec (and Caddy supports that mode) but the browsers chose not to support it so it's only really useful when testing non-browser clients or routing requests between servers. HTTP3 does require encryption for reals though, there's no opting out anymore.
> Already at the point of takeover, Musk was so hated by half the US for various reasons that it became profitable for major publishing platforms to abandon Twitter/X "on principle"

No, Musk became hated by half the US __because__ of the way he took over Twitter. That lost him a great deal of good will.
So what did the 40k for your research cover? It sounds like you are probably discounting the cost of your own salary as a graduate student supported by the grant, which is usually the bulk of the direct cost for NSF grants like this and probably runs 100k/year, with the grant covering maybe 3 years of your time.
I agree that the website isn't very appealing for techies. Still what I use to serve my website, so simple a chimp could deploy with it; though I'm kinda dreading the moment I'll put cgit behind it.
There are existing frontends for these models that aren't tied to Intel hardware. It may be somewhat less convenient than having them packaged as audacity plugins, but they certainly exist, for people who would want to use them but do not want to be limited to Intel hardware.
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Vermont is exporting a great deal of the electricity it generates as well.

A nationwide map of carbon intensity by demand would have very different numbers in the electricity column. Such a viewpoint is reasonable, but you need to maintain consistency in definitions for such comparisons to be meaningful.
I'd love to have the opportunity to compare this to other countries.
[dupe]
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43046995

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43039924

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43041726
SiteScanner – Competitor Price Tracker
> Having two internets suggests that it's totally different, in the sense that there is no address space overlap between IPv4 and IPv6

That's not at all what I'm suggesting, I'm saying "two internets" because there are two internets: IPv4 and IPv6. You need two internet stacks on every host to deal with this, hence two internets. If everything in the IPv6 protocol suite was literally identical to IPv4, but just with some extra bytes in every address, there would still be two internets, because they are not mutually compatible.

Saying "two internets" is not a judgement call on whether IPv6 changed too much or is too different. It's just the literal truth. There are two internets, because one can't communicate with the other.