skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This doesn't seem to cover infinite recursion, which is one of the ugliest parts of doing this type of query with CTEs. You effectively need to concatenate all of the primary keys you've seen into a string, and check it each recursive iteration.

The approach I came up with was to instead use MSSQL hierarchy IDs (there's a paper describing them, so they can be ported to any database). This specifically optimizes for ancestor-of/descendant-of queries. The gist of it is:

1. Find all cycles/strong components in the graph. Store those in a separate table, identifying each cycle with an ID. Remove all the nodes in the cycle, and insert a single node with their cycle ID instead (turning the graph into a DAG). The reason we do this is because we will always visit every node in a cycle when doing an ancestor-of/descendant-of query.

+---+
+-------> B +------+
+-+-+ +-^-+ +-v-+
| A | | | C |
+---+ | +-+-+
+-+-+ |
| D <------+
+---+

Becomes:

+---+ +---+
| A +--> 1 |
+---+ +---+
+---+---+
| 1 | B |
| 1 | C |
| 1 | D |
+---+---+

2. You effectively want to decompose the DAG into a forest of trees. Establish a worklist and place all the nodes into it. The order in this worklist may be something that can affect performance (you want the deepest/largest tree first). Grab nodes out of this worklist and perform a depth-first search, removing nodes from the worklist as you traverse them. These nodes can then be inserted into the hierarchy ID table. You should insert all child nodes of each node, even if it has already been inserted before, but only continue traversing downwards if the node hasn't yet been inserted.

+---+
+----> B +----+
+-+-+ +---+ +-v-+ +---+
| A | | D +--> E |
+-+-+ +-^-+ +---+
| +---+ |
+----> C +----+
+---+

Becomes:

+---+ +---+ +---+
+---> B +--> D +--> E |
+-+-+ +---+ +---+ +---+
| A |
+-+-+ +---+ +---+
+---> C +--> D |
+---+ +---+

Or, as hierarchy IDs

A /1
B /1/1
D /1/1/1
E /1/1/1/1
C /1/2
D /1/2/1

Now, you do still need a recursive CTE - but it's guaranteed to terminate. The "interior" of the CTE would be a range operation over the hierarchy IDs. Basically other.hierarchy >= origin.hierarchy && other.hierarchy < next-sibling(origin.hierarchy) (for descendant-of queries). You need to recurse to handle situations involves nodes like D in the example above (if we started at C, we'd get D in the first iteration, but would need to recurse to the first D node in order to find E).

This was two orders of magnitude faster than a recursive CTE using strings to prevent infinite recursion.

The major disadvantage of this representation is that you can't modify it. It has to be calculated from scratch each time a node in the graph is changed. The dataset I was dealing with was 100,000s of nodes for each customer, took under a second, so that wasn't a problem. You could probably also identify changes that don't require a full rebuild (probably any change that doesn't involve a back edge or cross edge), but I never had to bother so didn't solve it.
> No, congress would have to declare war first. Article I, Section 8.

Article I, Section 8 gives Congress the sole power to declare war, it does not, on its own, prohibit any other action than "declaring war" to any other actor.

The War Powers Act (or Resolution) attempts to put some additional rules around this (note that it is widely seen as being either an unconstitutional intrusion on Presidential authority or an unconstitutional delegation of Congressional authority, and courts have so far failed to resolve it, having found lack of standing in the few cases that have been brought under it.)

But even the War Powers Act doesn't purport to prohibit the President from using force in advance of Congressional authorization.
Exactly. Move fast and break things only works well when it doesn't matter if you break the thing. That's true at the beginning of a startup, or the early stages of a product. It's not true of things like the welfare state or medical care.
The cited examples are Reagan and Bush, both of whom relented to some degree after Congress pushed back. Obama fired one IG, with stated cause. And of course, in 2022, Congress passed a law requiring 30 days advance notice to Congress. So perhaps traditional but also fairly clearly violating the 2022 law.
I cannot grok this. Are you saying that “juniors with tons of experience are very common?”

Do you mean that there are seniors with a lack of experience? I believe yes I was also making that same point.

Ageism in the industry also encourages seniors to appear to be plugged in with the newest shiniest thing, so we kind of do it to ourselves with our hiring practices.

We need to divorce seniority from talent.
Largest Mobile LED Screen
>There's no reason Germany (and in reality it's only Germany that's the laggard) can't rebuild their conventional fighting capacities to help load balance again.

They could, yes. But would they need to if Russia is weak? The current strategy from USA seems to be to appease Russia, give them what they want and weaken security guarantees. The point im trying to make is that there is another way here which i beleive nets the West (both USA and Europe – USA's natural ally) more benefits than gearing up for war (aka the Peace Dividend).

>lack the capabilities to develop credible nuclear delivery systems

Is this the case? I think Sweden were months away from testing their nuclear bombs when they were conviced to dismantle the system in return for protection from USA's nuclear umbrella and were in process of producing supersonic nuclear bomber in the 1950s.
They still produce today world class submarines, develops and build their own fighter jets.

I would think that Europe has knowledge and skillset. I mean, North Korea managed.
> as opposed to something like its long term effects on the brain or what happens when it’s use stopped.

There is no "as opposed". The people studying that sort of thing - and people do study that sort of thing - aren't the same people who are studying sepsis.

> Perhaps the research may provide insights into mechanisms that future drugs may be designed to exploit, but even that seems like a stretch as a justification.

Why does that seem like a stretch? A better understanding of how the body works and/or responds to/metabolizes various drugs can absolutely guide drug discovery.
> A lot of younger developers like to come into a new project and slap on the latest frameworks or coding practices that they've picked up recently, without acknowledging that breaking the standards of the project lead to higher mental load to maintain that code over the long term.

This is an organizational problem.
All projects I have done for the first ten or so years of my commercial work have been picking up an ancient code base long after the original team has left, and making it work. I reserved the nice and clean code for my personal hobby projects. At work, it was about getting the shit from the past working and maybe improve it a little along the way. You even adopt the coding style you hate, just to minimize diffs and making it easier to navigate the history.
> This is different: the person in question isn't a government employee.

The judge's daughter is a government employee, a policy advisor for an executive department. There could be a worthwhile discussion about whether bringing further public attenion to a policy advisor is ethically on the same level as bringing further public attention to the identities of DOGE employees who raid the OMB and take unauthorized access of every American's SSN and other financial information (and then deliberately lie about whether the access is read-only). Personally, I think they're not on the same level.

> It's also pretty clearly done to intimidate the judge, which is really not good.

I wholeheartedly agree on this point.
the name means ``suck asshole'' in portuguese
Can you still use the full functionality of the Scribe's pencil? (highlight text, drawing or writing notebooks, etc.) Thanks.
How is the Herculean task of human supervision in LLM pre-training conducted?
Human supervision in LLM pre-training is a Herculean task.

E.g., the LLM spits out an essay based on a prompt. A human has to read it and decide how close it is to the output expected from the prompt.

For an LLM with 200 billion parameters, this above process had to (presumably) be done Quadrillions of times.

How are they achieving such scale?
really nice! do you support onion-skinning for building smoother animations? Motion paths would be cool too. Ok enough ideas, it's a great project already!
Sure - the gun rights stuff is just me saying it makes sense why the military could skew Republican. The linked survey saying veterans are 61% pro-Trump vs 37% pro-Harris sounds plausible.

Loving the constitution is all very well, but Republican voters and senators seem to manage to square that with supporting Trump. Makes no sense to me, but apparently to 50% of the American population it does.

So IMHO the military could plausibly have backed a Trump coup, if the coup had been better planned. And I was glad when they didn't!
Universally, articles that attempt to advance these views tend to be politically and morally chaotic.

Their recommendations are always vague and therefore open to political exploitation. Ignored or amplified when expedient and when someone with an actual stake has something on the line.

Cowardly.

Question: in a public bureaucracy that is always naturally intent on protecting itself but which also has rules and a judiciary, who is responsible for ignoring or amplifying intentionally vague external standards of morality? Political actors, perhaps?

The sum effects seem to be the desire to leave lower level ranks politically vulnerable and threatened by non-military political actors. And therefore perhaps to undermine the military hierarchy in general, with implied threats.

I agree that there are likely times to not follow orders, but the rules surrounding when that is to be the case cannot be vague whatsoever. Those times can not be subject to significant interpretation if we are to see such critiques as honest and not underhanded.
> One of the many custom-trained models to serve specific geographies, markets, and customers

> Mistral Saba is a result of working closely with strategic regional customers to address very specific challenges in addressing bespoke use cases.

It seems like a customer paid them to train this model, so presumably that customer gets to decide on licensing terms.

Isn’t this Mistral’s business model? Make general purpose models available as open-source and train more specific models for their customers?
Ironically, the military seems to foster a more liberal culture than the tech industry. I have been reprimanded for disobeying orders a few times, and seen colleagues put on PIPs and fired after a couple of months. Most "fast-growing" companies resemble an absolute monarchy.
Well here's the choice, we do that and build good things or we don't and build shit.

If you look around I think you'll notice it's mostly shit...

There's a flaw in markets though which allows shit to flourish. It's that before purchasing you can't tell the difference between products. So generally people then make the choice based on price. Of course, you get what you pay for. And many markets people are screaming for something different that isn't being currently met, but things are so entrenched that it's hard to even create that new market unless you're a huge player.

Here's a good example. Say you know your customers like fruit that is sweet. So all the farmers breed sweeter and sweeter strawberries. The customers are happy and sells go up. But at some point they don't want it any sweeter. But every farmer continues anyways and the customers have no choice but to buy too sweet strawberries. So strawberry sells decline. The farmers not having much signal from customers other than price and orders, what do they do? Well... they double down of course! It's what worked before.

The problem is that the people making decisions are so far removed from all this that they can't read the room. They don't know what the customer wants. Tbh, with tech, often the customer doesn't know what they want until they see it. (Which this is why so much innovation comes from open source because people are fixing things to make their own lives better and then a company goes "that's a good idea, let's scale this)
Good for them on actually paying attention to their principles. The overall alignment is still quite clear, though.
Nice work! Code is super readable. Are you planning to keep improving it, or was this more an experiment to learn?
stock kobo has two epub readers. trash one from adobe used for drmed files and stock epubs, and an actually good one for use with KEPUB files. There's a calibre plugin to make the conversion upon push to the device.
"with almost a decade of experience" isn't a senior at all with or without legacy projects :)

and nothing beats the legacyness of languages before the java/webtech times - and im not even talking about COBOL
Fantastic news. AMD's linux graphics drivers have mostly worked great for me but this has been the one exception that I've hit multiple times.
/? "time-polarized photons" https://www.google.com/search?q=%22time-polarized+photons%22

https://www.scribd.com/doc/287808282/Bearden-Articles-Mind-C... ...
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C43&q=%22... ... "p sychon ergetics" .. /? Torsion fields :

- "Torsion fields generated by the quantum effects of macro-bodies" (2022) https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.16245 :

> We generalize Einstein's General Relativity (GR) by assuming that all matter (including macro-objects) has quantum effects. An appropriate theory to fulfill this task is Gauge Theory Gravity (GTG) developed by the Cambridge group. GTG is a "spin-torsion" theory, according to which, gravitational effects are described by a pair of gauge fields defined over a flat Minkowski background spacetime. The matter content is completely described by the Dirac spinor field, and the quantum effects of matter are identified as the spin tensor derived from the spinor field. The existence of the spin of matter results in the torsion field defined over spacetime. Torsion field plays the role of Bohmian quantum potential which turns out to be a kind of repulsive force as opposed to the gravitational potential which is attractive [...] Consequently, by virtue of the cosmological principle, we are led to a static universe model in which the Hubble redshifts arise from the torsion fields.

Wikipedia says that torsion fields are pseudoscientific.

Retrocausality is observed.

From "Evidence of 'Negative Time' Found in Quantum Physics Experiment" https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41707116 :

> "Experimental evidence that a photon can spend a negative amount of time in an atom cloud" (2024) https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.03680

/?hnlog retrocausality (Ctrl-F "retrocausal", "causal") https://westurner.github.io/hnlog/ )

From "Robust continuous time crystal in an electron–nuclear spin system" (2024) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39291044 ;

> [ Indefinite causal order,
Admissible causal structures and correlations, Incandescent Temporal Metamaterials, ]

From "What are time crystals and why are they in kids’ toys?"
https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/what-are-time-crysta... :

> Time crystals have been detected in an unexpected place: monoammonium phosphate, a compound found in fertilizer and ‘grow your own crystal’ kits.

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_dihydrogen_phosphate :

> Piezoelectric, birefringence (double refraction), transducers

Retrocausality in photons, Retrocausality in piezoelectric time crystals which are birefringent (which cause photonic double-refraction)

Is it gauge theory, though?

From
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38839439 :

> If gauge symmetry breaks in superfluids (ie. Bose-Einstein condensates); and there are superfluids at black hole thermal ranges; do gauge symmetry constraints break in [black hole] superfluids?

Probably not gauge symmetry there, then.
> As I understand it the leaders of the military are appointed by the president, people in the military love guns and gun rights, and veterans are pro-Trump by a wide margin [1] even following Jan 6th.

This is a caricature that is as broad-brushed and offensive as claiming gay men all flounce around in assless chaps, and I say that with 20 years active and reserve service. Even in that poll (which I am curious about their methodology), 40% of veterans supported Harris, and my experience is that the military is a cross-section of society. I'm deeply skeptical that the modern military is as skewed towards one party as this poll would indicate. I highly suspect it is being skewed by either bad methodology or else by including a bunch of older veterans from WWII, Korea, Vietnam, and the Gulf War, who would skew Republican. The military I served in was a diverse cross-section of broadly middle-class American society.

And the leaders of the military are commissioned officers who are formally appointed by the President, but their oath is to the Constitution. And military leaders have served through bipartisan administrations . . . my own service was under W. Bush, Obama, Trump, and Biden, and today's senior leaders also would have served under Clinton and possibly H. W. Bush. There is no MAGA cabal in military senior leadership; the opposite if anything.

And just because someone "loves guns and gun rights" doesn't automatically put them in the MAGA column.
I had to scan some historic books and papers for a research project and tried a couple desktop apps and python libraries. Still the Android scan to document worked better, so I just photographed all pages which was faster, then wrote an unsupervised python script to loop through the images in the camera folder and send them to Google Document AI for OCR, added some metadata and merged them. This outperformed the other even commercial solutions I tried by far and was dirt cheap.
If you're interested I'll clean up the code and put it on github.
Sure, and MySQL is administered through a mysql user.

When people talk about bad defaults in old MySQL, they're typically referring to lack of strict sql_mode by default prior to MySQL 5.7 (2015). They're not talking about OS users.

I've been using MySQL for 22 years and your comment about sudo bears no resemblance to anything I've ever experienced.
They didn't pick any examples, they pulled all the footage that was available off of Parler. There are plenty of footage from inside the building in that link from the rioters themselves- not sure what you mean?

I certainly remember the pipe bomb. No memory hole of that: https://www.fbi.gov/video-repository/january-5-pipe-bomb-inv...

FBI provocateurs? Citation?
During my PhD at MIT my girlfriend asked me how I thought I would feel about those years in the future. I said relieved that it was over, as, although I loved everything about the place, I felt constant pressure. She knew me better than I knew myself, it seems, as it was obvious to her that I would in fact long to be able to return to that time. I'm sure part of the longing is just due to the fact that I was in my 20s, living in my own nice on-campus apartment, and was hopeful that I had a bright future. Many people probably have a longing to be 23 again for similar reasons. However I think that what makes the feeling especially strong for me is that being at MIT added a feeling of privilege to every day. It created a sense of fulfilment, that I had done everything right and had succeeded.

I don't think I could bear to visit now. The smell of the Infinite Corridor, the tunnels, Vassar Street, the Eastman Court trees in Autumn, or a warm summer evening by the Charles, would bring back memories that would be overwhelming.
Boredom is in the mind, not the task. Things aren't boring, people are. An important type of intelligence is the capacity to find what's interesting about a task that others lack the imagination to see. One needs to be able to create their own interesting solutions rather than expecting them to be handed down on a plate.
I think it's worth reading both the 2015 OIG report on the topic ("Title: Numberholders Age 112 or Older Who Did Not Have a Death Entry on the Numident", A-06-14-34030) and also the 2023 followup you submitted. I left a comment over on that submission after reading both.

It's nice that the hard work of investigating government inefficiency is being noticed and celebrated -- you can really see the tensions between providing reliable services and fighting fraud risk in the 2015 & 2023 reports.

If you care about finding waste, it seems like a really strange choice to summarily fire the inspectors general who have worked hard on this sort of investigation.
> the idea that FTL communication/travel is difficult or impossible

Not just FTL. My hypothesis is that any type of substantial interstellar travel is going to be so enormously expensive, complicated and time consuming, an advanced civilisation will only do it once in a billion years. In the form of mass exodus when there are no more habitable planets in their system or their star is going nova. As this never gives exponential growth, it is enough to resolve the Fermi paradox.
If anyone is wondering, it's ~1 billion dollars per year, for a homeless population of less than 10,000. With this money, they have achieved basically zero change in that number for years. Staggering, incredible levels of waste.
I interpret uchuu as "space"
The Mac Menubar and SwiftUI
In most cases, "better" means different things in different contexts. (Customer-driven vs performance-driven, for example) Of course, this isn't news for most of us. Where I think a lot of us fall short is assuming that definition has changed since the code was written.
+1, onion skinning was the first thing i was looking for given it was billed as a way to create animation.

Anyway, nice project, cool to see excalidraw hosted like this.
Funny, but no. The broader principle is that even if something could conceivably be "negligence", you eventually have to treat it as malice. The possibility of hiding malice in the guise of negligence is only one of the reasons that's true.
> I'm seeing now that you're just kind of a lazy troll—boring and unimaginative.

Theres a main difference between you and I here which is becoming quite apparent at this point.

I respect your right to think and say anything you like. I have no issue with you or your opinions, and you are free to express them against me as you wish. This is the whole basis for all my posts as can plainly be seen.

You seem to have very strong feelings against me, resorting to labelling and name calling very quickly. You dont seem to respect my opinion or right to have one. You seem to think I am 'wrong' in the general sense, yet have nothing other than your opinion of me, a random person on the internet, to back that up.

Carry on with your offense throwing, I completely respect your right to express yourself in that way and will not tell you you are wrong or you should stop:)
Creating a fingerprint like that will become a personal identifier under the various privacy rules
What were the massive problems? The transcript clearly indicates Trump was only interested insofar as obtaining just enough votes to overturn the election. If he truly cared about election integrity, he wouldn't emphasize the exact number of votes he needed to win.