skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Here's the full decision, which (like most decisions!) is largely written to be legible to non-lawyers: https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ded.721...

The core story seems to be: Westlaw writes and owns headnotes that help lawyers find legal cases about a particular topic. Ross paid people to translate those headnotes into new text, trained an AI on the translations, and used those to make a model that helps lawyers find legal cases about a particular topic. In that specific instance the court says this plan isn't fair use. If it was fair use, one could presumably just pay people to translate headnotes directly and make a Westlaw competitor, since translating headnotes is cheaper than writing new ones. And conversely if it isn't fair use where's the harm (the court notes no copyright violation was necessary for interoperability for example) -- one can still pay people to write fresh headnotes from caselaw and create the same training set.

The court emphasizes "Because the AI landscape is changing rapidly, I note for readers that only non-generative AI is before me today." But I'm not sure "generative" is that meaningful a distinction here.

You can definitely see how AI companies will be hustling to distinguish this from "we trained on copyrighted documents, and made a general purpose AI, and then people paid to use our AI to compete with the people who owned the documents." It's not quite the same, the connection is less direct, but it's not totally different.
> Volvos from the 2000s used a diagram of a seated person to select the HVAC vent for example.

… don’t all cars do this? I can’t remember seeing anything other than that to represent which vents are active.
Honestly just googled and couldn't find one :)

Something in the line of removing two separate buttons to flush a toilet, different words of course just to illustrate the impact (negligent).

But I also found one important order that does make sense: stop UNRWA funding. Don't remember any other though that would make sense.
> A human brain doesn't need anywhere close to this volume of data, in order to be able to produce good output.

> I remember talking with friends 30 years ago

I'd say you're pretty old. How many years of training did it take for you to start producing good output?

The leason here is we're kind of meta-trained: our minds are primed to pick up new things quickly by abstracting them and relating them to things we already know. We work in concepts and mental models rather than text. LLMs are incredibly weak by comparison. They only understand token sequences.
honestly idk if there is any reason anyone should be learning CSS anymore
Seems like if you filled your house with non-UL compliant stuff and your house burned down, the first fact would be material to your insurance carrier (you know, the Underwiter to which the UL name refers…)
Revamped Kaplay Game Library Website
Examples of Highly Counterfactual Discoveries (2024)
Not sure what used prices are like these days but the Titan XP (similar to the 1080 ti) is even better
You're right, there's not just one good reason to kill millions of chickens but SEVERAL good reasons!
> If I’m paying good money to host something locally

The thing is, however, that at 2k one is not paying good money, one is paying near the least amount possible. TFA specifically is about building a machine on a budget, and as such cuts corners to save costs, e.g. by buying older cards.

Just because 2k is not a negligible amount in itself, that doesn't also automatically make it adequate for the purpose. Look for example at the 15k, 25k, and 40k price range tinyboxes:

https://tinygrad.org/#tinybox

It's like buying a 2k-worth used car, and expecting it to perform as well as a 40k one.
Show HN: I made a free tool to describe your tech' stack
I make a lot of projects, and often I would like to describe the stack I'm using, and it is very tedious to find logos, go on Figma, put them in the same category, find a beautiful background ...

So I made this tool, just search, arrow key down, press enter and let's go.

Let me know what you think about this!
At present, LLMs are basically Stack Overflow with infinite answers on demand... of Stack Overflow quality and relevance. Prompting is the new Googling. It's a critical base skill, but it's not sufficient.

The models I've tried aren't that great at algorithm design. They're abysmal at generating highly specific, correct code (e.g. kernel drivers, consensus protocols, locking constructs.) They're good plumbers. A lot of programming is plumbing, so I'm happy to have the help, but they have trouble doing actual computer science.

And most relevantly, they currently don't scale to large codebases. They're not autonomous enough to pull a work item off the queue, make changes across a 100kloc codebase, debug and iterate, and submit a PR. But they can help a lot with each individual part of that workflow when focused, so we end up in the perverse situation where junior devs act as the machine's secretary, while the model does most of the actual programming.

So we end up de-skilling the junior devs, but the models still can't replace the principal devs and researchers, so where are the principal devs going to come from?
Location: Philadelphia, PA
Remote: Yes
Willing to relocate: No
Technologies: Python/JS/Computer Science
Résumé/CV: linkedin.com/in/adamwirth
Email: adamowirth@gmail.com
>I think that LLMs are only going to make people with real tech/programming skills much more in demand, as younger programmers skip straight into prompt engineering and never develop themselves technically beyond the bare minimum needed to glue things together.

My experience with Stack Overflow, the Python forums, etc. etc. suggests that we've been there for a year or so already.

On the one hand, it's revolutionary that it works at all (and I have to admit it works better than "at all").

But when it doesn't work, a significant fraction of those users will try to get experienced humans to fix the problem for them, for free - while also deluding themselves that they're "learning programming" through this exercise.
What’s the most pain you’ve ever felt?
I would love to get some insight from Nvidia engineers on what happened here.

The 3 series and before were overbuilt in their power delivery system. How did we get from that to the 1 shunt resistor, incredibly dangerous fire-hazard design of the 5 series? [1] Even after the obvious problems with 4 series, Nvidia actually doubled down and made it _worse_!

The level of incompetence here is actually astounding to me. Nvidia has some of the top, most well paid EE people in the industry. How the heck did this happen?

1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kb5YzMoVQyw
Yeah, but it's not supposed to. With good design it is immediately obvious whether the door is push or pull - even when the frame doesn't have any clear indications. For example, the door in [0] (apologies for the YT short) has no immediately clear hints if you look at the frame or handle.

Both sides look exactly the same, so how are you supposed to know? Add a "push/pull" sticker you'll miss 90% of the time?

The Vox vodcast(?) in [1] goes a lot further into the problem, starting from a very similar door. The solution is pretty simple, in hindsight: if they designed the door properly, you won't even be able to pull on a push door. Have a pull handle on the pull side, and a push plate on the push side.

[0]: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/oJnEjV8vQJg

[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yY96hTb8WgI
Did you try it from computer or phone?
> But since the premise is that any difference breaks the code,

Not any.

> will it work the exact same way across different devices

Yes, where they run IEEE FP format.
It's interesting that you moved the goalposts to an entirely different point. I'm clearly talking about the overall "community," which whether you care about it or not, has been used as a point to successfully force Linus' hand before.

In other words, there are clearly politics involved, so perhaps that should be taken into consideration before making a blithe point about a complex human organizational issue?
I wish that was the unsafest thing car manufacturers did.

Jeep, for example, has just discovered a predilection for random full-screen alerts with a blaring alarm sound, if, for example, they magically inferred there's a tow-truck somewhere. (There's about a 50% chance you'll encounter a tow truck in the next 10 minutes, at best)

This is great if, say, you're three hours into a night drive, all alone on the road, and suddenly ALARM THE WORLD IS ENDING.

I actively hate car manufacturers. They should not be allowed to use touch screens. Even if they could be useful - they have repeatedly proven they are too stupid to use them well.
Spicy mouse tape: If I am ever in need of an funny username, this will be my go to one!
the world has to become a slightly better place before this would be used, soley to make the world a better place; of course, for whom is the modifier.
And yet many models still stumble with it
collect this post as an nft? lol
Nowadays you can get a petabyte in a single machine (50 drives 20TB each).
I think these thoughts are happening all the time we just don't normally notice them. During the transition to sleep, some parts of our thinking mind start shutting off and the filter cracks and that's what we notice sometimes, if we remember.
In some traditions it isn't interpreted as a hallucination taking place.

But in reality, it is always a hallucination taking place, because the supernatural isn't real.
Strange to point out those comparisons but not the actual transistor difference between the two.

B580 only has 19.6B transistors while the RTX 4070 has 35.8B transistors. So the RTX 4070 has nearly double (1.82x) the transistors of B580.

The RTX 4060 ti has 22.9B and the RTX 4060 has 18.9B transistors
Standardizing voice control in cars will go a long way until vendors decide to standardize physical controls or car OS. I should be able to get in any car and say "Set heat to X", "Defrost Windows" etc.
We have a subscription for $20/mo which comes with unlimited messages
I just tried it with this 3.6GB F16 model:

ollama run hf.co/bartowski/agentica-org_DeepScaleR-1.5B-Preview-GGUF:F16

And this time it didn't get confused with the tokenization of strawberry! https://gist.github.com/simonw/9e79f96d69f10bc7ba540c87ea0e8...
gemma2:27b-instruct-q4_0 (checksum 53261bc9c192)
im very naive here but does anyone trust these benchmarks? do they mean anything to you? they seem far too easy to game and it doesn't feel like its an accurate way to really tell how these models compare to one another. seems like benchmark performance declines quite a bit if you introduce a problem that's similar to those in benchmarks but one that the model hasn't seen before
I loved and hated that ending. To make matters worse, as a small correction, the war didn't break his glasses. He broke them himself by bending over after sitting to read. Talk about regret.
I hope Apple takes note and improves their on-device models accordingly.
Not only Windows but all the software that counters hardware-level vulnerabilities. I bet those tests don’t disable them.
Shop Class as Soulcraft essay (and book) continues on these points pretty well: https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/shop-class-as-so...
Yes, I’ve been thinking recently that the path to AGI is not brute force, and never has been: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-llms-closer-agi-than-we-t...
It's a bit paradoxical. A smart enough AI, and there is no point in worrying, because almost everyone will be out of a job.

The problem case is the somewhat odd scenario where there is an AI that's excellent at software dev, but not most other work, and we all have to go off and learn some other trade.
> the game devs were legally unable to ever update the game again, so I had to fix it driver side.

Could they not intercept the calls to inject a fix?
4k 60Hz is still largely unachievable for even top of the line cards when testing recent games with effects like raytracing turned up. For example, an RTX 4090 can run Cyberpunk 2077 at 4k at over 60fps with the Ray Tracing Low preset, but not any of the higher presets.

However, it's easy to get misled into thinking that 4k60 gaming is easily achieved by more mainstream hardware, because games these days are usually cheating by default using upscaling and frame interpolation to artificially inflate the reported resolution and frame rate without actually achieving the image quality that those numbers imply.

Gaming is still a class of workloads where the demand for more GPU performance is effectively unlimited, and there's no nearby threshold of "good enough" beyond which further quality improvements would be imperceptible to humans. It's not like audio where we've long since passed the limits of human perception.
TechEmpower still does them. https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/issues/95...
It looks like we're moving in that direction.
Abstractions on top of abstractions on top of turtles...

It'll be interesting to see what kinds of new tools come out of this AI boom. I think we're still figuring out what the new abstraction tier is going to be, but I don't think the tools to really work at that tier have been written yet.
Cars used to have modular buttons. It was very common to have a couple of blanks in your infotainment cluster.

The problem is that it still requires custom per-feature assembly. A single car model needs a dozen different button configs, with a dozen different wiring harnesses. That's a lot more expensive than a simple one-size-fits-all touch screen you install into literally every single car and configure with a software flag.
Of all of those only CSS3 is actually a big deal for most projects (and only a subset of the new CSS3 features). But yeah the new APIs are great and more power is better. Native video/audio playback/streaming was huge as well, but only for a certain class of applications.

I was just highlighting the stuff that really made a huge difference for everyone. Even if you don't use typescript your deps probably do and your IDE can show type hints.
Oh, believe me, I agree with you that the voters have made a spectacularly poor choice if they were hoping to get the economy improved. But that's not the topic; the question is how the Democrats failed to understand the economic hardship of the voting public when it's literally their job to be in tune with voters and why there's still some level of denialism hanging around with Democratic leaning voters about the state of the economy.
It's not the camera, it's the database.
It would be _lovely_ if instead of the 12V only spec we went to 48V for internal distribution. Though that would require an ecosystem shift. USB-PD 2.0~3.0 would also be better supported https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_hardware#USB_Power_Deliver...

As others no doubt mention Power (loss, Watts) = I (amsp) * V (volts (delta~change on the wire)).

dV = I*R ==> dV = I * I / R -- That is, other things being equal, amps squared is the dominant factor in how much power loss occurs over a cable. In the low voltage realms most insulators are effectively the same and there's very little change in resistance relative to the voltages involved, so it's close enough to ignore.

600W @ 12V? 50A ==> 1200 * R while at 48V ~12.5A ==> 156.25 * R

A 48V system would have only ~13% the resistive losses over the cables (more importantly, at the connections!); though offhand I've heard DC to DC converters are more efficient in the range of a 1/10th step-down. I'm unsure if ~1/25th would incur more losses there, nor how well common PC PCB processes handle 48V layers.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_voltage#United_States

"""
In electrical power distribution, the US National Electrical Code (NEC), NFPA 70, article 725 (2005), defines low distribution system voltage (LDSV) as up to 49 V.

The NFPA standard 79 article 6.4.1.1[4] defines distribution protected extra-low voltage (PELV) as nominal voltage of 30 Vrms or 60 V DC ripple-free for dry locations, and 6 Vrms or 15 V DC in all other cases.

Standard NFPA 70E, Article 130, 2021 Edition,[5] omits energized electrical conductors and circuit parts operating at less than 50 V from its safety requirements of work involving electrical hazards when an electrically safe work condition cannot be established.

UL standard 508A, article 43 (table 43.1) defines 0 to 20 V peak / 5 A or 20.1 to 42.4 V peak / 100 VA as low-voltage limited energy (LVLE) circuits.
"""

The UK is similar, and the English Wikipedia article doesn't cite any other country's codes, though the International standard generally talks at the power grid distribution level.
it’s cuz developing countries are using more computers
Seems more like people are leaving out of fear more than getting laid off over this.
> You have simply moved the "special" entry to the beginning rather than the end.

Yes, but

1. Terms are more commonly added to the end than the beginning.

2. The beginning is often already special, e.g. starting with `SELECT`.

3. The commas are visually aligned/consistent with the indentation.

4. Because of #3, it's far easier to spot a missing comma.

I worked for years in a SQL-heavy role, and this style was the preference there, for these reasons.
The difference is that they no longer are "outsourced" sweatshops. They are just entire divisions/departments of companies with full reporting chains. Effectively interchangeable with a US remote WFH employee/department.

I've been employing eastern European IT folks since the early 00's as I've founded/worked for remote only companies since the late 90's. We were ahead of the game here, and anyone we hired was not treated like a sweatshop worker. They were hired and promoted like any hire we made in the US and were simply called an employee. The talent level was same or better than the US talent level for 1/10th of the cost, especially at the mid-tier/career level.

The largest issue was timezones, but if you needed to staff a 24x7 highly skilled ops team - this was one effective way to get a great head start doing so. Plus it was relatively easy getting folks to work odd hours if you were paying double local salaries.

Since the pandemic things have entirely shifted. It used to be large companies/enterprises would offshore to sweatshop style outsourcing companies. They had a hard time competing with us since the work and responsibility simply did not attract the best candidates. We could hire directly out of local university pipelines and be extremely picky in only taking the top 1% of candidates due to this. After the pandemic this totally changed to these large companies now competing on salary at levels we no longer found competitive. We simply no longer enjoy the strategic advantage of having an untapped low-cost highly skilled labor pool in these areas any longer. Large companies have more or less adopted our model.

It's now not uncommon to have entire teams headed up by a highly competent senior VP or C level local leader who reports directly to US upper level management. They are included in all business decisions as anyone in the US would be at their level, and performance is similar to any US team.

I have always (and even written a few times on HN about the subject) thought highly compensated US engineers were being exceedingly short-sighted in their demands for WFO since this was always going to be the outcome in the end. Once you can hire someone in the midwest US, it's not really a huge leap to realizing you can do the same 2500 miles away in a low cost country. There are still tons of labor arbitrage opportunities left in the world and the story that there is no local technical talent in these places is utterly false. It's always been a management problem.

Over time it will even out - and it has quite a bit. Salaries are now maybe 1/3 to 1/2 US salaries at the same talent level, so it still has a long way to go in my opinion. You are only seeing the start of many companies building up long-term strategic plans in these regions - these things take years to decades to be fully realized.

Most US WFH engineers will be competing on salary/skillsets in a world market within their lifetimes regardless of cost of living differences. The writing is on the wall, and I personally believe the die has been cast at this point.
Even if they were, I find it interesting that Trump gets a total pass on COVID, while Biden's held to a standard as if he didn't have to deal with COVID's aftermath.

In some cases, it's actually worse: I've had to listen to some people complain about price increases, citing artificially low prices deep in the heart of the COVID lockdowns as if they were the benchmark for a great days' past economy they wish we could return to.
Ask HN: Who has settled disputes in court, and won economically?
This means your legal fees and opportunity costs were outweighed by a reasonable person's valuation of what you gained.
Interestingly, o3-mini-high was correct when first thinking about it:

> Okay, we're asked how to get exactly 6 liters of water using an 12-liter and a 6-liter jug. The immediate thought is to just fill the 6-liter jug, but that seems too simple, doesn’t it? So maybe there’s a trick here. Perhaps this is a puzzle where the challenge is to measure 6 liters with some pouring involved. I’ll stick with the simple solution for now—fill the 6-liter jug and stop there.
Ah yes, the infamous Gear Acquisition Syndrome
OS part is easy, there's an OS behind every other sofa in your closest university with software engineering classes. Getting people to write drivers for it is the hard part. Most OSes never boot outside of qemu.
Real yoga is possible.
>Why wouldn't this be the case for people using LLM like it was for everyone else?

Because of the mode of interaction.

When you dive into a framework that provides a ton of scaffolding, and "backfill your knowledge over time" (guilty! using Nikola as a SSG has been my entry point to relearn modern CSS, for example), you're forced to proceed by creating your own loop of experimentation and research.

When you interact with an LLM, and use forums to figure out problems the LLM didn't successfully explain to you (about its own output), you're in chat mode the whole time. Even if people are willing to teach you to fish, they won't voluntarily start the lesson, because you haven't shown any interest in it. And the fish are all over the place - for now - so why would you want to learn?

>It's like presuming that StackOverflow will keep you as a question-asker your whole life when nobody here would relate to that.

Of course nobody on HN would relate to that first-hand. But as someone with extensive experience curating Stack Overflow, I can assure you I have seen it second-hand many times.
> simply training a model on illegally distributed text should not be copyright infringement

You can train a model on copyrighted text, you just can't distribute the output in any way without violating copyright. (edit: depending on the other fair use factors).

One of the big problems is that training is a mechanical process, so there is a direct line between the copyrighted works and the model's output, regardless of the form of the output. Just on those terms it is very likely to be a copyright violation. Even if they don't reproduce substantive portions, what they do reproduce is a derived work.
> Wait a second, that’s not what this page says: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-project-goals/2024h2/goals....

I don't understand what you're saying - is your point that having Goals means that this can no longer be considered a hobby? Lots of people have hobbies where they have goals for a sense of direction and satisfaction. (Not to mention that the page doesn't say it is a hobby, just that it was started as one.)

> Also, didn’t the author resign from this effort before? Or was that departure not as dramatic as I recall.

Who do you mean by "the author" here? This seems to be a group effort by a "Rust for Linux" group, not a single individual.
This is such a fantastic piece of research. Thank you if you are reading. I wish amazon and Microsoft did similar