skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Gas is incredibly cheap in the US. It's silly that's being used as a political rallying cry when we had $4+ gas across much of the country 20 years ago. With inflation, that would be approaching or over $7 today.
A reference point in case you’re interested…

Not sure what it is today, but about 25 years ago, the standard 30-minute TV show had 22 minutes of content and 8 minutes of ads.

An hour long show was exactly double that, at 44 minutes of content and 16 minutes of ads.
68000 is much more pleasent from my experience (~40 years ago, so might be wrong). Personally I also like the Z80 better than the 6502, but that is just taste. The biggest benefit of the 6502 was a zero page, I loved the idea. My favorite computer book of all time is "Z80 Assembly Language Subroutines".
Or just put a fence around the bazaar.
Can you quote the part about thousands or provide a source? I see that there is an ongoing executive lawsuit and one for managers but didn't see anything about thousands of individual lawsuits.
Amazon plans to launch GenAI Alexa end of February
If temperature is zero, and weights are weights, where is the non-deterministic behavior coming from?
This may be a naive take, and I haven't been to NYC in a decade, but I think that number should ideally stay close to zero. There's a concentrated amount of surveillance, a gated entry, and limited escape options. Combine that with potentially stiff penalties for violent crime, that should be a potent deterrence.

We have access to crime data, but what about the data on failure rates of specific crime mitigation tools? Is there any way for the public to audit things such as the reliability of security cameras, or crimes that were solved with the help of surveillance footage, good samaritans, etc? If not, when was the last time someone tried to get that implemented? It probably wouldn't do much in the short term, but over time could drive optimizations.

I think it is an accumulation of small failures over time that don't seem worth mentioning individually, but in aggregate can have the most impact on the crime rate.

Take my ideas with a grain of salt though, I'm only a layman on the subject.
For further context, "Retire All Government Employees" is slogan from proponents of what became project 2025 https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/16/24266512/jd-vance-curtis...

You can read the actual 180 day plan to "deconstruct the Administrative State" in the infamous Project 2025 manifesto https://static.project2025.org/2025_MandateForLeadership_FUL...
This is confidently wrong. The requirements for contracting with the federal government are nothing like the requirements between private citizens. There are specific statutory procedures which must be followed for an enforceable government contract, including but not limited to congressional funding.
Which just means, they are free to add another bunch of patents for good measure. ^^
You asked when it became a feature. I answered that.

But your antipathy towards the feature is misplaced. Several languages with the most rigorous foundations support shadowing: SML, Ocaml, Haskell, Scheme,

You're probably more familiar with languages that have unrestricted mutation, in which case something much worse than shadowing is allowed: changing the value of an existing variable.
Even on the Apple //e you could “call -151” to get into the assembler and then type “!” to use the mini assembler
I've actually travelled a lot (ground truthing pre WGS84 map datums and geophysical exploration) and both things can be true;

* locals everywhere discuss politics between themselves, many are able to discuss politics 'reasonably' but things can and do get heated, AND

* it's good advice as a traveller to not get drawn into political discussions with locals. Listen by all means, going further can be a bad move.

I recall a radiometric survey in Nor'Western India when an underground mini nuke was detonated near our aircraft .. that got rather tense, particularly when the others were detonated and Pakistan responded.

Not a good time to discuss where the border ran.
I 100% believe that guys with Instagram accounts are more likely to cheat than guys without them.
From first principles, congress is given power of the purse. If the president can just ignore congress' direction and refuse to use the money they allocated, do you believe that congress still has power of the purse?
This is a good article, and should be at the top of a forum that promotes entrepreneurship, startups and bootstrapping.

But alas, the readers here aren't interested in this type of content. Instead, they would rather argue about politics. There is a lesson in this...
Subtle takeaway from that article is that he's stil alive and publishing stuff!
Time to trade the BTC miners for some chicken?
Much like Spotify; it took them many, many years to achieve only a 7% profit margin. Meanwhile, UMG runs at 16%.

The only company that actually makes good money from being a content middleman is, somehow, YouTube. I don't know how they do it. YouTube is among the greatest businesses in human history.
Show HN: Heap Explorer
I wrote a little LD_PRELOAD library that makes it easy to inspect and interact with a running program's glibc heap.

It's fun to pause processes, free a bunch of their allocations, then resume them. Most of the time, the processes continue as though nothing happened, but sometimes they do interesting things :)
The "nuanced" argument you're responding to at least gives a window into why LLMs all talk about this same sort of nonsense and have this same bias. This kind of thinking is absolutely rampant these days -- especially on Reddit, which makes up a large portion of the training data.
This has nothing to do with FOIA, the article just made up that explanation for engagement.
> The First Amendment doesn't give any foreign entity any rights.

Wait, what?

Are you suggesting the bill of rights only applies to US citizens? Like, does the 5th amendment not protect foreign entities from illegal search and seizure? Does the 2nd amendment not apply to foreign security companies like Securitas?
Yeah. If you want to teach someone to implement a CPU, then the sort of simplicity the 6502 brings to the table is useful, but it's definitely not the most straightforward CPU to write code for.

The 68000 instruction set is very C-like (probably because it draws a lot of inspiration from the PDP-11 which was C's first target). Implementing it sucks (I know from experience) because the ISA is on the large side and all the little pragmatic exceptions add up. But because these exceptions are fairly pragmatic, they're not really a big issue when writing code.
Sounds nice, but the 6502 is certainly real, available hardware that you can buy and set up on a breadboard.

There are tutorials on youtube for it as well, such as Ben Eater's tutorial.
The parent is suggesting that temperature only applies at the generation step, but the choice of backend “expert model” that a request is given to (and then performs the generation) is non-deterministic. Rather than being a single set of weights, there are a few different sets of weights that constitute the “expert” in MoE. I have no idea if that’s true, but that’s the assertion
It was a fair point decade ago, today Fedora's pkg mgmt is miles ahead of what it used to be.
Ive been using cobbled together bash aliases for most all the sage commands for years. Good to see someone actually making a better API
Gemini is amazing but I get this copyright error for some documents and I have a rate limit of just 10 requests per minute. Same issues with claude except the copyright error is called content warning.
as if "both" ways is all there is.
6809 is a good point. It's like let's split the difference between 6502 and 68000! I started with the 6502 and graduated to 68000 on ST and Amiga and Sega Genesis. Definitely two of my all time favourites. Only recently have I started to try my hand at 6809 and I can see how you reccomend it, it's a very nice in-between from the 6502 to 68000.

It's hard to fathom the 6502 came out in '75, the 6809 in '78 and the 68000 in '79
I'm not arguing. I'm genuinely asking for your approach. I can imagine being overloaded with information. And "research hypnosis" is a genuine thing (and issue I sometimes struggle with). I'm open to accepting I may be falling for it again and am open to other approaches. I genuinely don't know much more to do than keep calling my reps.

I still fundamentally believe that an info overload (as long as you are scrutinizing your news healthily) is better than being in complete ignorance.
This is just like some people feel they have to carry a gun to protect themselves.

I have never in 50 years thought that I would feel safer if I carried a gun. Now I have thought about getting one for my home briefly and if I lived in a less safe area of an isolated area pI would have one at home.
3) Use your first-hand experience as an anchor. Propaganda is often easy to see through in concrete situations. Even as a kid, it was easy to tell the difference between the quality of life in the USSR and Western Europe.

4) If you don't see it in the real world, you probably don't need an opinion on it.

5) And the same applies to other people as well. Prioritize the opinions of the people the issue actually concerns over abstract word salad.
Thank you for this, I was born in 1979, but got introduced to the Atari 8-bit computers VERY early, and connected immediately. I have a Raspberry Pi v4, and it sounds like learning assembly on nearly anything right now will pay off. I don't have a problem learning a new language, but the C-style of languages are easiest for me. I'm sure them being imperative is a huge plus for me learning new things about any imperative language. I actually find JavaScript to be quite satisfying to write code in, mostly because I can test out functional features more easily than adopting an entirely different language to do it in.

I spent my teenage years grabbing cracks and texts from BBS', and enjoyed the whole scene. It's really what sparked my interest into writing software, and I always wished I had learned some lower-level skills beyond running a debugger and poking at memory. I felt like if I knew Assembly, I could get into deeper debugging (cracking was initially my "exciting" topic to cover, but now I feel like it would just be understanding memory better when I run into a strange error).
https://www.teepublic.com/t-shirt/70308550-stop-forcing-ai-r...
FYI: I have a computer science degree. I never learned any functional programming, nor lambda calculus during university. I learned about both topics in my late 30s as a professional.
If it is profit driven it will turn to crap no matter what.
Not on the Microsoft laden Apple ][+ - they removed that... :`(

Only on the OG Integer ROM Apple ][ and then again on the later 1985 enhanced ROM //e
Pre-print paper that concludes “may”, so by implication, also “may not”.

And also may, or may not, be harmful.
There's nothing stopping you from specifying an explicit shell in your Makefile (see: https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Choosing-...).

You could set it to Ash, Bash, Perl, Python, execline, Docker exec, or whatever you want really. You can also set that variable on a per-recipe basis, if you have one recipe that needs a custom shell.

(note to any GNU Make maintainers who might see this: it would be really helpful to be able to set .ONESHELL on a per-recipe basis as well!)
> How do you do that? Are you hearing the words out loud in your head? Is every sentence being parsed?

Yes, I still have an internal voice when I read (and when I touch type for that matter).

> Also, what is light prose? Is it just something you don't care too much about extracting meaning from?

- The words are familiar (a counterexample would be any work written in Elizabethan English, since I'll trip over archaic word meanings)

- The organization is such as to make for easy understanding what is happening. Some authors do the opposite as a literary device; highly non-linear works or an extremely unreliably narrator are counterexamples. This does not exclude allegory. Arthur Miller's The Cruicible is a straightforward dramatization of a story in colonial Salem, but is rather transparently an allegory for McCarthyism.

I think that extracting meaning is largely orthogonal to whether prose is light or not. Certainly many important works are intentionally dense, but there's also overly pretentious drivel dressed up in hard-to-understand clothing.
The constitution doesn’t say there cannot be a civil service or whatever you are mad about. Congress is empowered to enact laws.

I don’t remember an article in the constitution that allows a rich crony to act in contempt of the laws established by congress as an officer of the government without appointment. But I guess our dedication to solemn constitutional principles varies.
Exploring RF Beamforming: A Practical Hardware Approach
DOGE US Treasury access limited to read only per DC District Court
Dropping DEI requirements on the hiring pipeline isn't quite reaching James Damores' expressed views on how hiring should go or the coolness of the ranks within the KKK.
It's entirely possible the VP exerted energy for the IC. It's entirely possible they feel feelings. It's entirely possible IC feels its a burden to deal with the situation, would prefer it not be that serious (because it is, someone believed in you), and would like to move on.

You can have a small one-on-one conversation and air it out. Explain that you are honored to be considered, and perhaps that discussion can lead to a better end here, versus a bitter one.

We cannot constantly run from the fact that we deal with human beings with emotions in this life, as clinical as we want to be.
Yeah taking some of the Ryukyus to build airbases and host anti ship missile forces would probably be an early objective to support the blockade. Depending on how bad the US is hit in the initial stages it wouldn’t even be out of the question to see an amphibious operation against Okinawa.
I have installed Fedora back in 2017, since that time I just upgrade it: sudo dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=NN && sudo dnf system-upgrade reboot.

Haven't reinstalled it in 8 years. Everything runs smoothly.
My whole thing about LLMs is that using them isn't "obvious". I've been banging that drum for over a year now - the single biggest misconception about LLMs is that they are easy to use and you don't need to put a serious amount of effort into learning how to best apply them.
Due to a gnarly accident, my right arm was in a cast for six months. They had to change the cast several times due to shrinking soft tissue, and by the time the cast came off, from wrist to elbow was all the same width. It was awful. But, like you said, it came back to the 80% level very quickly. At first I was genuinely worried that I'd never recover, but at three months I was already two-thirds of the way to normal, and was at 95% by a year.
About the same time it'd take me to build Twitter.
America's Dangerous Movement Toward Oligarchy, Authoritarianism and Kleptocracy
> My problem is: if most people can't work, who is going to pay for the product/services created with IA?

A lot of those will probably go under, too. I think a lot of people are in for a rude awakening.

The only people our society and economy really values are the elite with ownership and control, and the people who get to eat and have comfort are those who provide things that are directly or indirectly valuable to that elite. AI will enable a game of musical chairs, with economic participants iteratively eliminated as the technology advances, until there are only a few left controlling vast resources and capabilities, to be harnessed for personal whims. The rest of us will be like rats in a city, scraping by on the margins, unwanted, out of sight, subsisting on scraps, perhaps subject to "pest control" regimes.
I think too that one thing that's important is to decide beforehand -- what can I do? What would I be willing to do?

That is to say, some people really are willing to be activists. They will organize protests and boycotts and things like that.

Other people are in marginalized communities and are trying to get a feel for whether they should move to a different region or even a different country.

Some folks don't really have a plan but they want to stay informed. If at some point a magical line is crossed, they might suddenly say, "That's IT! I can't take it anymore! I have to DO SOMETHNG!" and that's when they'll become activists.

But some folks are realistically never going to lift a finger to help themselves or anybody else. They'll just bitch online and/or be stressed.

What I'm working on is figuring out in what ways I might, in the right situation, be moved to contribute. If things get really bad (and they will), what will I realistically be doing? I'm disabled, so I can't be out in the streets. If things get even worse, I might write about the niche public health / politics topics I've accidentally become an expert in. And if something happens where medicare and medicaid are shut off, well then all hospitals everywhere will basically be non-functional. This will be a crisis for all but most immediately for the chronically ill -- any of us at that point who are able to will be leaving the country ASAP.

In other words, I need to know enough to keep writing (which I would do anyways) and I need to know when things are hopeless enough that a person with a messed up spine should travel out of the country anyways. That is currently all I need to know because it's all that is actionable for me.

There is a massive temptation to doomscroll into infinity, but that merely serves the enemies of sanity. I know what happens next because I've read Sarah Kendzior and Hannah Arendt. It's not good. But I also know that one of the first things that happened during the anti-semitic purges in Nazi Germany was that a ton of Jews got appendicitis from stress. Sometimes the body wants to align with power so badly, it aligns even with evil power and against its own interests. We have to be very careful not to poison ourselves and make evil's job easier.
I don't know what other data might be stored on this chain, could be all kinds of stuff will all kinds of constraints about how it gets updated, but presumably a transaction which changes the state of a presidential candidate to "certified" would not be accepted unless it had signatures from congress. So it would be authorized by PKI.

And yes anyone could connect, that would be the whole point--to make it totally unambiguous to any interested party whether or not a given state change re: the machinery of government had occurred. Laws going on and off the books, being renewed or expiring on their own, gps coordinates of national and state borders and updates thereto, that sort of thing.

As it is, a sufficiently coordinated cabal of media people could just lie to the rest of us about the election result and we would have no source of truth to compare their lies to. Cutting out those intermediaries (or at least providing something definitive to check them against) would be a good thing.

> The same organization could've convened virtually, or by mail, or simply at another location if it became necessary.

And in that case, where presumably our leadership is so under threat that they can't safely assemble and have a press conference or whatever, how does the message get out to the rest of us, and how do we authenticate it when it does?

I realize that the threat on Jan 6 was not so great, but suppose it was much greater, a permissioned block chain which both leadership and citizens knew how to use would be a helpful thing. Most other technology that you might reach for can only be as trustworthy as its least trustworthy admin, and as we're seeing right now, that admin might be quite untrustworthy indeed.
Both are the best videos in NN and LLM. Your kindness is highly appreciated.
>With the Trumpenreich looming

Weren't they useful the last time around, when 'literally Hitler' totally murdered freedom of speech until Biden the hero restored it?
> ...where he compares the rather top-down, leader driven culture of Unix development to the free-for-all style of Linux.

The Cathedral example was actually GNU, which is Not Unix (it's in the name!).
Is it fully self-hostable?
So when I kept guy in the detached studio as a tenant when I bought the house, and just kept his rent what he was paying already and didn’t raise his rent over the 4 years I had the place, when I could’ve easily gotten 30% more in the market, he still thought I was greedy?
Or when I liked the idea of just giving him every December free for Christmas he thought I was greedy.
Or when he asked if he could pay half rent and then two weeks later pay the other half cuz his baby mama got arrested and he had to take care of his daughter and instead I just said why not just have a free month, he thought I was greedy.

Dang, I guess I should’ve just gotten all the money I could’ve if tenants feel that way regardless.
How much does the WSJ pay for use of a "web browser" from Google/Apple/Microsoft/etc.

How much does the WSJ pay for using Google/Bing/etc.

In both cases, Silicon Valley thought these could be licensed to corporations for fees. SV was wrong.

Why is "AI" any different.

IMHO, investment in Silicon Valley-backed so-called "tech" companies represents one of the greatest misallocations of capital in human history. Other opinions will differ. The story is still developing. Time will tell who is right.

Distillation is exposing the wastefulness of massive spending on "AI". The story is still developing.

https://www.wsj.com/tech/why-distillation-has-become-the-sca...
I'd rather the government build the houses directly, I'm tired of America's solution to everything is to let middlemen skim huge profits (same issue in health care and education).
6502 is a bit limited, so you'd have to resort to self-modifying code to get things done — and self-modifying code is a big no-no on any processor with cache, and therefore not a good habit to acquire.

For teaching, I would instead go with RISC-V. In particular RISC-V with the bitmanip extensions, which make some things much easier and gives it feature-parity with the base set on x86 and ARM.
The Raspberry Pico 2 has two RISC-V CPUs with those. The board is easy to use, widely available and has a lot of support. There are also alternative boards with the same MCU but other form factors and features.
I think they also eat ticks, right?
Maybe post-catch or something— like a cleaning chemical used in fish markets or something— but one branch of my family are lobstermen in nearby waters south of the border and I haven’t heard of any such thing happening in their communities.
The very point of ISO is to define international standards, many of which are used in software engineering.
I use all top of the line models everyday. Not for coding, but for general "cognitive" tasks like research, thinking, analysis, writing etc. What Google calls Gemini Pro 2.0 has been my most favorite model for the past couple of months. I think o1/4o come pretty close. Those are kinda equals, with a slight preference for Gemini. Claude has fallen behind, clearly. DeepSeek is intriguing. It excels occassionally where others won't. For consistency's sake, Gemini Pro 2.0 is amazing.

I highly recommend using it via https://aistudio.google.com/. Gemini app has some additional bells and whistles, but for some reason quality isn't always on par with aistudio. Also Gemini app seems to have more filters -- it seems more shy answering controversial topics. Just some general impressions.