skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
But falsiable hypotheses she created :D All of his writing and lectures are full of situations where her a priori held ideas didn't survive the actions of real children in the classroom.

She thought that toy and play would great rewards, when she started with the first casa di bambini in Rome in 1907. She had prepared toys and doll house for the children to play with, when they did an exercise she had prepared. Contrary her hypothesis the kids were not interested in the toys, but continued to do the exercises. She removed the toys as kids didn't play with them, not because she didn't like them.

This is something that she did through out her career. When she was managing and teaching disabled kids she noticed a girl that had hard time of using scissors. She then created exercises that helped the girl to master the sub movements that lead to the dexterity that allowed her to use scissors.

The material she developed is so full of the details that you can only see if stop and observe fully. Even though she didn't ran randomized controlled trials she was able to separate many confounding variables.

My point is not to say that Montessori method is the only or even the best method of education, but Maria Montessori has been one of the greatest empiricists of our time. She was a fully trained doctor and kept up with other people's papers and studies during her lifetime. And all things were tested on the children in her schools.

"My intention was to keep in touch with the research of other, but to preserve my independence. The only thing that I considered to be essential was Wundt's maxim that “all methods of experimental psychology can be reduced to one, namely, to carefully recorded observation." -- Maria Montessori

This is also the same feeling that I get from Richard Feynman's writings. He just got it where you can develop mental models and theories and when you need to expose them to real world.
My sweet summer child. It's a false dichotomy, like most of these types of issues, it has actual bipartisan support.

Same thing happens in many other countries no matter how strongly HN users want to tell you A is literally hitler and B is great.
Leaving aside the specifics of this situation and the implementation difficulties, a corporate FOIA where legitimate researchers (and others like journalists) could get reasonable, vetted access to data sounds fantastic. It'd be great to know what criteria your insurance used to determine appropriate rate increases, or the history of food safety failures at the slaughterhouse that produced the meat at the grocery store.

Why would you take a moral stance against that (as opposed to the obvious practical stance against it)?
Right but this ends up being a good approximation for geography because the reality of logistics is that you end up doing a cute n-ary search of the geography. When you know the regional hub you can say for certain a huge chunk of the US the zip code doesn't represent. And then you keep n-secting. Sometimes the land-mass you get at the end is specific enough for your uses.

You're not going to wind up with a situation where zip codes with the same regional marker end up on different coasts.
This is interesting since zip codes came up in consideration for how we built out our pay choropleth map in the US: https://levels.fyi/heatmap

Though ultimately it was far too granular (for example the Bay Area would be so many different zip codes). Instead we went with Nielsen's DMA (Designated Market Area) mappings within the US to abstract aggregated data a bit better. And of course this DMA dataset also had a different original use case. It was used for TV / media market surveys so it has some weird vestiges. Some regions are grouped very far and wide (you'll notice there's a bit of Denver within Nevada and its just a remnant of how it used to be categorized), but it still provides a bit of a broader level grouping than something acute like zip code.

I do like this map from the article though and the granularity you can get with zip code when zooming: https://clausa.app.carto.com/map/29fd0873-64cb-42a6-a90d-c83...

We've also been considering using Combined Statistical Areas using population instead. This is something that is under way, and in the interim we've considered charting styles that don't necessarily need borders (for example this bubble map: https://www.levels.fyi/bubble-plot/europe/). The benefit with DMAs is that it offers full border coverage of the entire US whereas some hubs can still be missing from CSAs if relying on a population threshold. But the plan is to create some of our own regional definitions and borders using our own submissions combined with population. Will be an interesting project.

GeoJSON data for the map borders: https://github.com/PublicaMundi/MappingAPI/blob/master/data/...

Nielsen DMA regions: https://blocks.roadtolarissa.com/simzou/6459889
Yes, although not yet updated to the one of 2021 (2022 in Scotland).

The main page has references to all data sources.
I'm also looking forward to part 3.

A good counterpoint to some of the concerns in the series is https://cacr.uwaterloo.ca/techreports/2015/cacr2015-01.pdf. This article shows "several examples of attempts to avoid random oracles that have
led to protocols that have security weaknesses".

Of course, that article is only focused on more classical constructions and not on the newer SNARKS/SNARG/STARK and other constructions in the zero knowledge zoo. So there isn't really a disagreement, but we probably shouldn't ditch random oracle based constructs in use today.
Ask HN: Is there any way I can create an NFT from scratch?
Show HN: Codebase visualizer (I'll build the diagram for the first 20 repos)
I worked as a software engineer at Amazon, SAP, and on open source. In all 3 places I have struggled with the friction of understanding codebases before I can make a contribution. I think this brain-fatiguing process can be improved. I am trying to solve it with a tool I built over the last 4 years called CodeCanvas: https://docs.code-canvas.com

CodeCanvas visualizes codebases through interactive diagrams linked directly to source code. Users can record 'simulations' to demonstrate data flow and business logic. I’ve also recently added an LLM chat where it takes only the relevant context from the diagram giving WAY better answers than tools like Copilot.

I started a private beta, I will build the CodeCanvas diagram myself for 20 repositories, First come first serve. If this sounds useful, feel free to schedule a call with me through: [*docs.code-canvas.com](https://docs.code-canvas.com/)* or comment below.

Note: You can also build the diagram yourself from the link above but might as well get it built for you if you're one of the first 20 :)

Nasser
so every time i go shopping i have to type all the prices of what i buy into my phone and also have the calculator connect to my bank account and not only make sure i have enough savings, but also tell me that i am not spending more than my average for weekly groceries? and when doing that i need to make sure to not make any typos because my lack of numeric intuition won't allow me to recognize where i made a mistake. and i also won't be able to tell if an item is overpriced. nor will i recognize a bargain unless it is marked with a big colorful sticker.
Note that cultural transmission of humpback whale song is well-known and studied.
Here's an example article on movement of songs across Pacific ocean populations in the span of ~2 years:
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rsos.220...

(ed - in other words, cultural transmission of humpback whale song isn't part of the claims of the paper. The result is the Zipf distribution, and they hypothesize that the Zipf-law is emerging because of the cultural component.)
Agreed honestly - ive gone down crazy rabbit holes all bc of some weirdness in output i was unaware of
> Giving that there are a lot of indices that X did infer with US elections due to how it tuned itself to maximize the reach and effectiveness of right wing propaganda this is quite an important analysis.

This superficially reads like the left wing equivalent of the "facebook suppressed the Hunter Biden laptop" conspiracy theory. Are you able to link to any evidence of this?
They already fund a fraction (1/3, I think) of their annual operating budget (>$6B) doing something similar to that. Ah, the article you linked says more or less that.

IIUC, The controversy was that some folks wanted to draw down the principal to do capital improvements (new buildings, etc) and other folks wanted to be as conservative as possible (potentially not even using the interest for operations).
If your problem is who to hire this week, root causing back to someone’s childhood conditions 20 years ago does absolutely fuck all for you.
I'm just an interloper and only going on the linked thread, but there are specific patches that missed merge windows due to Rust build breaks. The patches referenced are claimed to be exceptions but I can understand the fear. Linus is saying one thing but making exceptions in some cases. As Rust becomes more and more integrated into core Linux systems those exceptions may become more frequent and may eventually become the rule.

To be fair, I think another valid solution to this problem is just to bite the bullet and tell the grumpy C developers to deal with it. At some point the fallout from an exodus of grey beard Linux maintainers will actually be less than fighting this battle. As many point out, they are going to exit the project one way or another eventually.
25hz is part of the "around 30hz" I mentioned. It was a compromise for the Niagra falls turbines between 16.7hz which was good for large motors at the time and flickering lights for which Westinghouse wanted at least 33.3hz.
What I've learned recently from these meritocracy advocates is competence is about your skin color. Black person working on a plane = disaster waiting to happen, no further evidence needed, but if you've got a nice and competent skin color and no other relevant credentials you're good to go at Andreessen Horowitz
Living in an a country with 240v mains, yep.
Then why is Apple able to do it so easily with a content blocking API?
This blog post consist almost entirely of quotes from other people.
OpenBSD – OpenBGPD 8.8 Released
I know Southern California Edison had 50hz power, I always used to find old clocks and radios as a kid with a conversion sticker.

I've always kept an eye out for good papers about the effort to convert, but they're hard to find.
> You don't have to have a sound legal theory that will hold up in court.

What? Why? The natural continuation of "Wait a minute, isn't that blatantly illegal?" is "We're going to sue you to make you stop."
Correct. You can get the same power with half the voltage by doubling the current.

The trouble is the wires. A given wire gauge is limited in its ability to conduct current, not power. So if you double to the current, you'll need to have roughly twice as much copper in your walls, in your fuse panel, in your appliance, etc.

Additionally, losses due to heat are proportional to the current. If you double the current and halve the voltage, you'll lose twice as much power by heading the wires. For just a house, this isn't a lot, but it's not zero.

This is why US households still have 240V available. If you have a large appliance that requires a lot of power, like an oven, water heater, dryer, L2 EV charger, etc, you really want to use more voltage and less current. Otherwise the wires start getting ridiculous.

This is not to say that higher voltage is just necessarily better. Most of the EU and the UK in particular has plugs/outlets which are substantially more robust and difficult to accidentally connect the line voltage to a human. Lots of people talk about how much safer, for instance, UK plugs/outlets are than US plugs. If you look at the numbers though, the UK has more total deaths per year to electrocution than the US, despite the fact the US is substantially more populous. This isn't because of the plugs or the outlets, US plugs really are bad and UK plugs really are good. But overall, the US has less deaths because we have lower voltage; it's not as easy to kill someone with 120V as 240V.

So there's a tradeoff. There is no best one size fits all solution.
> We would have a new problem of causing a ton of people to be unable to continue living in those areas without some kind of off-grid program.

But people in those areas are likely to be able to benefit from solar, so maybe being "off the grid" in the sense of not having long runs of power lines surrounded by trees to your house in the country is reasonable, and perhaps also cheaper for those rural residents anyway?
> I genuinely wish there was a map where you could see how many kids and their age groups are in a given neighborhood.

Maybe your local city/state/county/country government has a "Open Data" portal where they publish stuff like that? Barcelona for example has a pretty extensive Open Data collection (https://opendata-ajuntament.barcelona.cat/en) where you'd be able to find data like that (probably not ready made graphs/maps though), and probably also averaged data about how many people live in the households of a neighborhood, so you could extrapolate for families, etc.
I had to do some digging, but I did find this (who knows if it's legitimate or not)

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-jBoSEVlryiX1IaSzV4vKuih...
I used to work for a company that basically merged USPS and Census Bureau data on a monthly basis. The output would be a roadbase that was optimized for address ranges on road segments. ZIP Codes were extra fun to work with.
Db<>fiddle, supports over 50 different databases and versions
I think my normal approach to coding is "Scrappy" followed by "Surgeon" i.e. get the thing that works done in simple code style and then apply a series of transformation to obtain something that is significantly more complicated (and performant).

But maybe that's a peculiarity of the numerical algorithm performance space I live in, where debugging the numerics of a fully parallelized and vectorized algorithm with all sorts of performance bells and whistles, inline assembly and accelerator usage is much much more difficult than fixing the bug in simple scalar C code.
IANAL. In Germany, something being true makes it non-defamatory [1].

> Wer in Beziehung auf einen anderen eine Tatsache behauptet oder verbreitet, welche denselben verächtlich zu machen oder in der öffentlichen Meinung herabzuwürdigen geeignet ist, wird, wenn nicht diese Tatsache erweislich wahr ist, mit Freiheitsstrafe bis zu einem Jahr oder mit Geldstrafe und, wenn die Tat öffentlich, in einer Versammlung oder durch Verbreiten eines Inhalts (§ 11 Absatz 3) begangen ist, mit Freiheitsstrafe bis zu zwei Jahren oder mit Geldstrafe bestraft.

I'll just translate the important condition for being punished for defamation ("Üble Nachrede"):

> [...] if not this fact is demonstrably true [...]

I've intentionally kept the somewhat weird word order while translating. It's just as weird to read for a German. It's an old law.

[1] https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__186.html
I agree that they weren't explicitly meant to represent geography, but implicitly they do, right? Are there cases where this is violated?

In other words, is it safe to assume that for entity in a zip code is less than x distance away from the closest entity in the same zip code?
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Yes, unfortunately, their assertion that everyone knows their zip code is wrong. People often write a neighboring code, and the post office just delivers it.

Similar issues for city name, of course.
The scope is limited to electoral debates. It's in the interest of the citizens.
Look at your power bill. Half of your kWh cost is taxes to the State of California.

You could literally have half the power bill tomorrow if CA would stop taxing it.
Not paper but maybe some readers of this thread could find interest in Simon Tatham's Puzzles:

https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/puzzles/
Are you using MAC? For tests please try:

$ make && bash test.sh

with 'bash' instead.

For the second part it is a bug in the README. Thank you for pointing this out! I had to be more careful before the publication. Fixed. Try '-ma' flags instead.

$echo '' | trre -ma ':(0|1){,3}?'
that means that either the breaker is faulty, or the power stabilizator in the lamp itself is junk.
Yeah, and remember when some adults (otherwise normal people) argued that they had seen UFO's?
wikipedia.de was the locally known/marketed (by Wikimedia Deutschland) entry point.
What stops them is one of two things:

Option 1: they operate a separate shard in that country and that shared is only accessible by that country. Companies like Apple, AWS, Cloudflare etc. have been doing it this way in China for a while now. Result: they can spy on the stuff in their country, but the only stuff in their country is their own stuff.

Option 2: no longer operate in an official capacity in that country. Have no people and no assets. Mostly works when the country is not a significant market. This usually means some things are only available grey market, black market or not at all. This is why certain products have lists of "supported countries" - it's not just ITAR stuff but also "we don't want to deal with their regime" stuff. Result: country gets nothing, no matter how loud they ask. Side-effect: you can't really risk your employees visiting such a country as they will be "leveraged".
> government has any right to data owned by a private company

Another way to look at it is that the people have a right to the data.
Wait until you find out that this is the same way phones used to work. The number was the row/colum for the operator needed to plug your line into.
I loved my pebble and pebble time, but they really lost my trust with the “Pebble Time 2” kickstarter - it really felt like the kickstarter was just a ploy to enable their sale to Fitbit. Now they are hoping for some free dev work so that they can do it again? Pass.

Edit: Want community trust? Give some guarantee (eg open hardware) that you’re not going to just kill the hardware (again) for another big buyout. I would be more excited about new pebble hardware that did NOT involve the original founder/team.
yes, more Jack Straw specials
Alpha School: AI-powered K-12 school in 2 hrs per day
I always look at this from the other side...

Side A abuses (legal, governmental) power, and instead of "lynching" them for that, we turn the issue into "this will become bad only because of side B will do the same". To me it looks like someone supports side A, and wants to limit the "badness" of whatever they did, but still can't support the thing, so they find the way out by claiming that the other side will do something bad with that data, as if the collecting the data (chats,...) isn't bad enough by itself.

I understand your analogy with friends and facebook, and explaining that stuff to your grandma in this way would probably work... maybe even better if you used "your neighbor Sally works for the government, she could read your chats too, do you really want that?"... but on a technical "forum", it (to me) gives off very politically biased vibes.
I wonder how much the Van Allen radiation belts are a contributor to the Fermi paradox, i.e. how much they contributed to providing a suitable place for life to originate and flourish, and how rare they are.

The belts themselves are an effect of Earth's magnetic field, which I believe is particularly strong because of flow within the Earth's liquid iron-nickel outer core. (I had long believed that the spinning of the inner core was the primary contributor but given a surface-level skim of the literature that doesn't seem to be the case; convection seems to be more of a driver.)

I think perhaps many otherwise similar planets don't have a liquid iron core, so they may not have the strong radiation belts that shield life from the solar wind. Of course I am not sure what fraction of otherwise-similar planets have liquid iron cores, but Mars for example does not seem to. It is probably a function of the size of a planet (governing the pressure distribution in the interior), the ratio of iron to other elements, the temperature field (a function of the amount of radiogenic elements in the planet and its age), and perhaps other factors. Other planets may not be hot enough to have a liquid iron core at the right pressures, or be too massive (too much pressure) at the right temperatures, etc.
Your argument is valid. But the person you are supporting is in favour of "social media brigading". So, there is a fundamental dichotomy here, since by your argument he should be kicked and banned.
> an LLM implementation wouldn't be sustainable

Also not the right tool for the job. Not everything has to be a LLM.
This is the right answer. Bring a map and an action camera, maybe a burner dumbphone.
So, if X does nothing, will Germany write and enforce laws to demand all ISPs block x.com?
The lettering on the proposal is very interesting. I assume it was hand drawn. I can't find any typeface quite like it. Google Lens suggested it is similar to Copperplate Gothic, which it is and at once is not even close.
> I thought Rust in Linux was evaluated, discussed and agreed upon years ago.

I've seen Linus talk about it in one of his public chats with Dirk Hohndel as an interesting experiment that might succeed or fail, or that's the impression I got. I'm not sure everyone else got that memo.
> In contrast, research from McKinsey highlights that companies investing in equitable pay see higher employee engagement, increased productivity, and stronger financial performance. When people feel valued, they work harder, stay longer, and contribute more to long-term success.

The problem is that the people on the top make more money if they pillage the vast majority of a less profitable company versus sharing more equally the profits of a more profitable company.

Who wants to run a successful company when you can make as much money making a golden parachute payout to shut the company down or sell it for scraps? Running a successful company sounds like actual work, that’s not something the upper crust signed up for.
Doing business in a country means complying to its laws.

The US is/was asking a lot more from the private company TikTok iirc.

We can dislike these laws, but they’re not optional.