skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
My personal rule of thumb is that every diagram that shows more than a couple of AWS icons is likely useless.

First of all, something like 99% of the AWS icons are illegible. You just don't know what they refer to.

Second, if it has a couple of AWS icons it likely has like a hundred of them, connected with arrows in an indecipherable mess.

I personally try to simplify diagrams as much as possible and prefer to talk about function (e.g. DB, App Server) more than technology (e.g. Aurora, Java), but the key element here is to try to avoid trying to put too much dense information in a single diagram which it ends making it very confusing.
I don't think this is true. Rust has constraints that C/C++ doesn't have. For instance, it's undefined behavior to create more than one exclusive (mutable) reference to the same object or to create one where a shared reference already exists. This is not necessarily easy to ensure.

The aliasing rules in C are much more lax: you only can't have several pointers of different types pointing to the same object, except if one of them is a character pointer (ignoring the restrict keyword, which is opt-in and rarely used).
- Apple Vision Pro 1 Year Later
- ControlGroup
- Sound Engineering on iOS
- Drawing Maps with Swift Charts
- TaskGroups
- Parameterized Tests
In Rust the bit patterns which are not occupied by a value are free for some other use, Rust calls this a "niche" and uses it extensively in its sum types.

This lets us have all the performance advantages of using magic sentinel values occupying those bit pattern, but with the same ergonomics as for an ordinary sum type.

For example in C a Unix file descriptor is just an integer. 0, 100, 1000 - all perfectly reasonable file descriptors. But, -1 is not a valid file descriptor, so Rust's OwnedFd is internally just an ordinary C-style integer, except, it's never -1 as a result Rust's Option<OwnedFd> is the same size as the C integer, you'll get the same machine code as the C integer, but in C you need to remember to check it's not -1 before using it, in Rust you won't make that mistake because that's not Some(fd) that's None.

Rust does this with its references, Option<&T> is the same size as &T, depending on what
exactly T is that's probably "really" a machine address in a CPU register, and so None is the same CPU register with an all-zeroes bit representation.

My favourite non-standard library use of this feature is CompactString. CompactString is the SSO (Small String Optimisation) made famous in C++ but applied to Rust's strings. Rust's native String type is as simple as possible, thus no SSO, it's actually internally Vec<u8> plus rules to ensure it is always UTF-8 encoded text. SSO in C++ standard libraries means that "Dog" or "Cheese" are stored inline in the type itself, no need for a heap allocation. CompactString takes that to an extreme. While a typical C++ std::string might allow you to store "ycombinator.com" inside the 32 byte data structure, CompactString fits "https://ycombinator.com/" in its just 24 bytes!

It does this by being able to distinguish whether that last byte is a valid final UTF-8 code unit, if it is then this is a 24 byte string, but if it's not then it signals how long the rest of the string is and how the other 23 bytes should be interpreted.
Look at the statistics over time?

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle_fatality_rate_...
Isn't Option 3 (open up) basically the status quo? It's not called iCloud and iCloud does get some preferential treatment, but the APIs for 3rd party cloud storage and Files app integration already exist and are widely used.

I just wonder why any government would ban E2EE in iCloud but permit the use of 3rd party E2EE apps. As soon as those 3rd party solutions gain any traction, the government can simply tell Apple to remove them from the App Store.

At the end of the day all roads lead to the sideloading ban. That's what turns Apple into this convenient tool for authoritarian police states.
Was it this one: https://github.com/aosabook/500lines ?
> Apple does care about security and privacy. It's part of their culture.

It is when it suits and/or benefits them.
No, because they are the once choosing to add this complexity to an existing project because of their own interests/ideals.
Author of the post here: There is quite a deep connection actually. You can assign a simplicial complex to a partial order P with a max and a min element (0 and 1). Then the Möbius function on P calculates the (reduced) Euler characteristic of that simplicial complex as µ(0, 1)=\Chi. For example, if the partial order is a power set mereology (a Boolean algebra) on 3 elements, then the associated simplicial complex is a triangle, and µ(0, 1) = µ(\emptyset, {a, b, c})=(-1)^3, which is the correct answer as a triangle (without interior) is homeomorphic to a circle.

In a way, calculating quantities q through Möbius inversion is just calculating Euler characteristics, weighted by by Q. (with some caveats)
His bitcoin wallet is encrypted. As per XKCD, they'd need to hit him with a $5 wrench until he tells the password.
Linus wrote it, so there's got to be a pony in there somewhere. He's the first person in the world to figure out version control software. /s
I hate to be terse, but this subject has been covered many times before. Let me phrase the contrapositive: why blog only for people to read?

I see a lot of people (I'm looking at you, pg) that go on at length about how important it is to be precise, plain-spoken, come to a point clearly and then move on.

Sure, when you've reached the point you have nothing new to say, regurgitate it, chew it up good again, think it over, make an insightful, pithy, extremely useful and precise essay.

Congrats. You've now reached AI/LLM status of intelligence. Nothing wrong with that, of course, many times society needs the same point made over and over again in different words until they finally take effect. But the real meat of essay writing is thrashing about semantically until you finally reach a conclusion that you probably knew to some degree all along but didn't really understand all the implications. That means your essays should be thoughtful, researched, messy, creative, self-contradictory, etc.

Guess what? Nobody wants to read that stuff. They all want 2-minute videos on how to lead a meaningful life. I get it: life's short. But you can consume pithy, terse, useful fact-bombs all your life and not know a damned thing aside from how to parrot back others. Writing for others is fine. You might make a difference. Good luck. But if you're not creating refining, and recasting content that nobody reads? You're not getting any personal value from it. Don't expect to write for others and actually make yourself a better person. Most of the time you end up becoming a popular grifter (and this time I'm most definitely talking about pg).

Decide whether you want an audience or not. Unless you're truly that one-in-a-million person with tremendous important insight, I recommend against it. Still, for your own good, please write.
And it's also important to understand that laws only stipulate penalties for performing an act, a disincentive if you will. You can still do it if you're fine with the consequences; ink on paper can't stop someone from rifling through your garbage right here right now.

Anyone who cares to secure the privacy of his refuse should see to its thorough and irreversible destruction prior to disposal.
About half my blog articles are technical in nature, and their purpose is primarily to serve as howto docs / "yay I built this thing" write-ups for future me, and for anyone else that's interested. I enjoy writing those articles a bit, although I usually enjoy the hacking that precipitated the writing more.

The other half are me deep-diving into random corners of history, geography, philosophy, economics, anthropology, politics, and the like. I REALLY enjoy writing those articles: both the actual writing of the words; and the hours upon hours spent lost in a smoky haze of Wikipedia, public datasets, Google Books, journal articles, other peoples' blogs, YouTube videos, and so on. AFAIK those articles get few hits, and that's fine with me, it's just my hobby.
The bitcoin wallet is encrypted
A while ago, our office switched ISPs, and we got IP from a block that was previously registered in Spain.

Even though RIPE records were correct from day one (we're in the Netherlands), some databases somewhere took a full year to update. All that time, almost all ads were in Spanish.
Funny ironic, not funny haha.
I am sure DeepSeek did optimize the inference cost of R1. They did not yet release an efficient MoE downscaling of it, ie an R1-mini.
I built an AI company to save my open source project
If it comes from Amazon, which I suspect it does, given a few comments to that effect, then it's because one of Amazon's 'Leadership Principles' is 'Be Frugal'.

These principles get drilled into you repeatedly, through new hire orientation, interviews, etc. In particular, you get evaluated against the principles in your annual review, so it's important to try and find ways to say that you have worked by them.

So when you look around and see everybody trying to apply 'Be Frugal' by penny-pinching on unimportant things, or refusing to buy software and thus spending hundreds of hours in dev time, it's quite natural to rephrase it as 'Being Frupid'.
Option 4: Just move the UK data to China. If it's not end-to-end-encrypted then they get access anyway. No messing.
Will they also be celebrating Out of Pontic Steppe?
Macron unveils plans for €109B of AI investment in France
> People care more about security won’t use iCloud at the first place

iCloud provides an excellent balance of security and usability - for people who care about both
> It was full of little optimizations

Sounds almost as if the car was designed to cater for the user of it that holds the responsibility of hurtling a metric ton of metal at unnatural speeds instead of being a living room on wheels. Who'd have thought of such revolutionary ideas.
Applying Model-agnostic DeepSeek R1-level reasoning onto any LLM
Wouldn't debt as a percentage of GDP be a much better metric than debt alone?
Only Gemini 2.0-flash and Claude 3.5-sonnet got this right for me. And only Claude seems to be getting such things with good consistency. It seems to have a strategy for it and applied it well while other models are basically guessing.

Also Deep Seek gets it right similarly to Claude but it's more verbose in standard mode and much more verbose in R1 deep thinking mode. The reasoning is verbose but nearly 100% sensible.

Especially when given follow up question "how about 9.8?"

Gemini-2.0-Flash is also constantly correct when "Think step by step." is appended to the prompt.
The Crisis in Tech's Obsession with Junior Talent
> A $15 tool that would save hundreds of hours of tasks?

An example: Figma [0]

[0] https://fasterthanli.me/articles/just-paying-figma-15-dollar...
How do your audience not report-block you for behaviors like this?
I do anticipate it, but in the situations I'm asked to do such calculations, I don't usually have the option of refusing, nor would I want to. For most real would situations, it's generally better to arrive at a ballpark solution than to refuse to engage with the problem.
If it's the same guy, I think his wife left him because he was so focused on getting the hard drive.
I think it depends on what you're trying to gauge for safety.

Pre-2000 satedy improvements were heavily about WHEN you get into an accident...

Post 2000 it is heavily is heavily DON'T get into an accident, and it's heavily electronic. Anti-lock breaks, lane change vehicle detectors, unintentional lane change warnings, auto-breaking before collisions.

I certainly agree with the general vibe that cars do too much now, but I'd rather have a dumbified 2010+ish car
Genetic studies have put an end to that kind of speculation.

Only crackpots and religious nuts are supporting alternatives.
No, because a suitcase of cash would not be spiraling upward in "value" as scads of hucksters all jabbered to each other that "cash is the future", and "you're still early, get in now"
You mean like WhatsApp does on iOS?
There are quite a few countries where the name of The Netherlands is a transliterated or translated "Holland". Even if the respective national governments where the name was misused started using the name The Kingdom of the Lower Countries, as it happened in most European countries, the popular name "Holland" still stuck, and everyone knows you're referring to the country, not the region.
> but it goes against ML engineers natural tendency when detecting a wrong answer: Teaching the model the right answer.

Hard to buy.

If a machine makes a mistake, it's because it was configured wrong or because of wear and tear, solar flares or some quake or some manufacturing defect in a part.
If a learning machine makes a mistake, it's because it's learning has not extended it's rule set to cover that matrix/mistake/pattern, yet; and so it includes that mistake/matrix and other mistakes, analyses for patterns and then creates mistakes that fall into that pattern. Later doing that in a rolling release or canine kind of way and even later learning machines will do it all live, synchronous to their concurrent actions.

But yeah, thinking about that, I see why ML engineers wouldn't get there from scratch. It's a rhythm, after all, an epiphany about or realization of how ones dog, ones brain works, learned and then coded step by step. And there is, of course the variety of how people learn and "realize".

Someone has to show us the work of those savant programmers/engineers I still haven't seen a documentary of.
"They estimate it could prolong the lifespan of roads by 30 per cent."

In my book that barely qualifies as "self-healing." It's a useful addition, and if it's cost-effective it's worth doing, but self-healing (again, to me) implies more than the technical fact of what happens at the micro-level: it implies a technique that maintains the road indefinitely, or at least...2x? 30 percent sounds more like "more durable due to resistance to micro-cracks".
Has he achieved anything during first one?
let's make a list of all the lists, here the ones i know:

* https://github.com/Everything-Open-Source/open-source-events
* https://foss.events
> In a way this is obvious in hindsight, but it goes against ML engineers natural tendency when detecting a wrong answer: Teaching the model the right answer.

But the answer space for LLMs is infinite and unbounded. So, no effort will be complete and you will always end up with the question of how to deal with uncertainty.

But I admit this is a bit of hindsight 20/20.
The only functioning large-scale Odonian syndic, after all the promise of the early valley. It provides immense value to dispossessed peoples across our world. Of course the propertarians wish to discredit and destroy it!
But if you own the landfill does it not mean you own everything in there as well? So you could riffle through it for say recycling however much you want.

Ofc, keeping in mind copy rights and privacy rights with publication. But technically you could collect all papers, pictures and so on for recycling or burning for energy.
Learning command line options is like learning hundreds of DSLs. It gets worse when you have to learn more, or different, sets for different platforms, like Linux vs MacOS.

Unices, by design, intend for you to compose many of these, so you not only need to learn the DSLs but you also have to learn the input and output formats, and learn even more DSLs to “glue” the commands together.

Finally, you need to learn yet another language (typically bash) to compose these together.

So using the CLI either slows productivity greatly as you have to look up everything, or requires years and years of time investment to become proficient, much of which investment is non-transferable.

I think that Microsoft PowerShell makes many of these problems much better, but aliasing for brevity re-introduces some of the toil involved, and afaict psh has not gained traction anywhere but Windows.
Oh, this is exactly the kind of ‘Think of the children’ policy that Reform will love to pursue
America Doesn't Just Have a Housing Crisis. It Has a Moving Crisis
"10^17 seconds ago..."
> Windows NT was supposed to be a modernized VMS

Given Cutler hated UN*X, that only makes sense. NT did a lot of things right at the kernel level.

> and most of them are unused or effectively only used by malware (e.g. alternate file streams).

"Most of them unused"?

ADS was added to NTFS to support Mac OS file sharing over AFP ("Services for Macintosh"). Microsoft makes use of it for downloads from Edge, among other things. It's otherwise not a supremely useful feature and one that you'll silently lose data when moving to another fs/www further degrading it's usefulness.
Fingers crossed the branch near me doesn't close.

There are other pizzerias that serve my location, but prices would go up if competition disappears.
The terminal model is just to display the text that the currently running software provides and send input to it. It’s not a text editor. The prompt is a feature of the shell and other REPL programs, not the terminal. Bash and Zsh and others use readline which allows text editing like navigation [0]. And there’s rlwrap for programs that lack these.

[0]: https://readline.kablamo.org/emacs.html
Can always go back to the days of these:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webring

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_directory
> language barriers in the kernel are a cancer

Well they are. Second class citizens like this just cause problems.

> As an aside, would it really be so horrible for kernel maintainers to learn (some) Rust?

Are the Rust folks planning to pay the existing kernel developers for spending that time? Because otherwise it should be up to those existing maintainers to decide and not something anyone else gets to demand.

Overall this just sounds like people crying that their hostile takeover of an existing project is being met with resistance.
> Musk’s DOGE team has gained access to a truly staggering amount of personal and sensitive data on American citizens, moving quickly to seize control over databases at the U.S. Treasury, the Office of Personnel Management, the Department of Education, and the Department of Health and Human Resources, among others.

As an European, how is this not considered a coup d'etat? From my mindset, right or wrong, that is absolutely unthinkable to happen within a normal functional European country.
> for instance "what is 2+2" or some numerical puzzles that needed algebraic thinking

there is only one algebraic approach to solving something like 2+2 and that is counting! 2+2 = (((0 + 1) + 1) + 1) + 1). but llms are infamously bad at counting. which is why 2+2 isn't an algebraic problem to an llm. it's pattern matching or linguistic reasoning token by token.
That’s not irony tho.
What a waste. In the decade he's been flailing around over this, he could have attempted multiple businesses and likely become moderately rich and at the very least been of service. The only good outcome I see for him is giving up and finding peace. No other life on the other side of this in success or failure will be worthwhile. This is a modern cautionary tale.
Rust has stricter rules than C++. E.g. global mutable variables are way more dangerous in Rust than in C++ - just creating a reference to it can be immediate undefined behaviour.
The pronunciation that I assumed (also suggested by other replies), eck-ma, sounds very close to how ‘eczema’ is pronounced in much of the world.
I can't feel sorry for this person.

First, luxury cars are known to have more maintenance issues than working class cars. The idea is you should have the means to own a secondary car, or just pay for fixes. To have so many problems within a few weeks is absurd, but this is pretty on brand for Tesla.

I was joking with a Kia salesman the other day, British cars will say mate I haven't gotten my oil change recently, I think I'll take a nap on the side of the road.

Asian cars will endure endless abuse and still run.

You literally get the opposite of what you pay for with cars.

I don't really want to buy a car right now, but I'm going with an Asian econobox if I do. My first car was 15k , which was very fitting for my new 6 figure salary.

I'd say the writer wanted a status symbol, and found it doesn't exactly work as a vehicle.
I couldn’t disagree more.
Well what are the reasonable alternatives?

E2EE should normally solve these kinds of issues, but if the full source is not publicly accessible, and the vendor has the ability to silently push arbitrary updates, it's all only as good as their promise.

Sync is good. Backup is a must. Neither is trivial or easily solved (unless exactly with services like iCloud). Syncthing is great for photos or music libraries, but I dare you to try syncing your source code trees, conflict detection exists but quickly falls apart at the boundaries. Yes git solves that, but you need somewhere to host your code. Tailscale solves remote access to your homelab (which could be as tiny as a RasPi hanging by a cable from the ISP router), but that's again a vendor you must trust. Headscale exists, you can also go for raw Wireguard, but the setup complexity keeps rising, features disappear, and you do need NAT traversal. Oh did I mention ISP spying yet?

So which vendor do you trust with your backups? Good backup solution will offer E2EE; there's rsync.net, tarsnap, etc which are all excellent value for money and are important to consider (vs. homelab hosting) for diversifying geographically (natural disasters are getting more common), and peace of mind (last time a disk failed I just didn't bother replacing it; the next one that fails will have my backups lost). But then again, setup is more involved, and backing up your phone (which always will have very important data on it) is always complicated.

Then of course the OS itself. You can trust your OS vendor or distribution with the builds, or use something like NixOS (let's just say you need to learn a DSL). There's also no reasonable solution for your phone, if you e.g. still want to access your bank.

To what extent are you willing to trust different vendors? How do you assess the risk without deep technical knowledge? How do you implement these solutions without dedicating too much of your free time?
It would've been nice to have an example or two in the README.
> https://www.adac.de/news/tuev-report-2025/

This is about what cars made it through the German TÜV. Not about reliability.
> For this reason I have to remove all commercial ties with US companies

Good luck with that!
> in my immediate environment

Social bubbles can work like that.
Yes, virtual DOM. My mistake. Not even sure why I used the term shadow DOM.

That makes sense. I understand the rationale now.

I appreciate the detailed and thoughtful response.
Luddite.

We need a cash/credit alternative, and it’s currently our best shot.
While I understand the trepidation of supporting an organization whose leader openly makes Nazi salutes, I would not assume that South Korean chaebol leaders or Chinese conglomerate business owners have any better ideals.

Volvo’s owner is a front man for the Chinese government, who are supposedly not averse to ethnic cleansing, as far as I have read.
> That’s what I mean?

I'm sorry, I thought there might've been some confusion re. actual sigint definition based on some deeper history and ASCII codes (which didn't seem like it from cursory search)

> ctrl-shift-C will send SIGINT

You filter against your terminal app, where Ctrl+Shift+C will continue send Ctrl+Shift+C
So the hard drive has been in the landfill since 2013. Exposed to natural elements, chemicals from other trash, and mechanical damage from all the crushing. There's a good chance that the drive at this point is damaged beyond recovery.