skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> The question is, if they could and would have paid for each book, would it be ok to train the LLM on them?

Whether training on AI model on an array of diffentent works, many of which are copyright protected, is itself a copyright violation, in addition to or distinct from any copyright violation that goes on gathering the dataset for training (and separate from any copyright violation in the actual or intended use of the LLM), remains to be resolved as a legal question, and may or may not have a simple yes or no answer (or the same answer under every system of copyright laws globally).

My inclination is that it is probably generally not a violation in US law, but that's not something I am very confident in; how the definitions of copy and derivative work apply to determine if it would be without fair use, and how fair use analysis applies, are not clear from the available precedent.

> But legally, how does using a book to train a LLM differ from a teacher learning from a book and teaching its contents to their pupils.

It is very clear, by looking at how US copyright law is written and even more clear in its history of application, that information stored in brains of people are without exception neither copies nor new works that can be derivative works under US law, and so cannot be infringing, no matter how you gain them. It’s also very clear in the statute itself and the case law that data in media used by artificial digital computers, on the other hand, can constitute copies or derivative works that can be infringing. Even if the process is arguably similar in legally relevant manners, copyright law is critically focussed on the result and whether it is a particular kind of thing which can be infringing, not just the process.
There's a small 3D-printing niche of PET #1 bottle cutting specifically for filament making. For whatever reason, they mostly seem to organize on Facebook.[1] A lot of these builds can be made out of scrap components.

The Recreator3D[2] somewhat automates the bottle cutting, feeding, and filament making. Older versions repurpose a specific 3D printer's hardware, but the MK6[3] uses largely off-the-shelf parts.

Igor Tylman sells kit and fully-assembled PETmachines that cut, feed, and pullstrude filament.[4]

1: http://PPU3D.com, which just redirects to https://www.facebook.com/groups/petpultrudersunited

2: http://recreator3d.com/

3: https://www.printables.com/model/352729-the-recreator-3d-mk6...

4: https://www.etsy.com/listing/1851116187/petmachine-fully-ass... with a pretty thorough demonstration at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUcZyOWUzcY
Fossils Preserve Both Skin and Scales from an Ancient Sea Monster
PropRise (YC S23) Is Hiring Our First Engineer
> I understand their exhaustion, but aiming their frustrations at Linus for having an entirely level-headed response shows that they can't read the room.

I agree that Linus's response wasn't over the top, but Hector didn't quit because of that one email. Heck, as far as I know he wasn't even involved in writing the patch in question. The Asahi folks have had a number of issues dealing with other maintainers for at least the past couple of years. This is a "the straw that broke the camel's back" situation.
Yeah, similarly, a friend of mine's kid got really into Kerbal Space Program. That friend didn't mind his kid playing that one for long periods of time, because there's a ton of real math and physics being used, but the game is relatively fun.
Vegas has definitely pivoted more into showbiz and entertainment.

Macao has not only China but is a quick flight for most of the world's population, particularly NE and SE Asia, and most importantly most people are not residents of Macao. In East Asia, where gambling is allowed it's usually not permitted for the residents of the country (e.g. Singapore)
>Yes, it's almost like it's a complicated legal question and the content of the required prompt to produce a copyright-infringing response would be something that would interest the judge and jury.

In what way? You don't seem to know what is decided by a jury or what is decided by a judge. Specifically, what do you think the prompt evidences that it is relevant?

> The fact that it spits out copyright-violating text does not necessarily mean ChatGPT is the one at fault, it's messy.

Actually, that's exactly what it means. There is no defense to copyright infringement of the nature you are discussing. OpenAi is responsible for what it ingests, and the fact that use of its tool can result in these outcomes is solely the responsibility of OpenAI and your misunderstandings otherwise are dense and apparently impenetrable.
Related:

Tesla's sales plummet across Europe

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42961192

Tesla Sales Are Tanking in Europe

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42698077
Scientists Just Created an Ultra-Thin Polymer That Conducts Like Metal
I'm going to have to ask for citations for that.
The French car companies are building similar EVs (low weight/size/range/price).
This tacit endorsement by YCombinator of the likes of Elon Musk and Sam Altman must be condemned in the strongest possible terms. Like Sam Altman's abrupt Face-Heel turn from staunch and eloquent Trump critic into gushing bootlicker [0], it is a shocking wakeup call that Silicon Valley monied interests either lack principles entirely, or else adhere to principles fundamentally at odds with liberal democracy [1].

I found myself hesitating to post this, here on news.ycombinator.com. This forum has always discouraged "politics". But in the final analysis, you cannot separate politics from everything else. The suffering and death that Donald Trump and Elon Musk are currently in the process of expediting[2] is no less real for being "political". And if criticizing YCombinator for endorsing - or at least turning a blind eye to - this death and suffering, is considered "off topic", then this will be my last comment on this platform.

[0] https://abcnews.go.com/US/openais-sam-altman-warned-america-...

[1] This video is currently trending: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RpPTRcz1no

[2] https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/feb/07/donald...
I've built a very similar contraption, but without any libraries because I got annoyed at having to relearn a new kind of React after react class components got out of fashion and people started using hooks. I built it out of raw JavaScript and a raw python socket server.

How do you manage sync? Mine is a WebApp so I use indexedDB, and that's nice so that it works on my computer browser, but I don't want multiple tab synchronization on my phone and it's tricky to handle. I've built something that works, but I'd love to explore other designs.

You said React Native, so there might be a regular app sort of data store to disk.
I have plenty of money in the bank. I work for myself and set my own schedule. Yet my bills, fines, and letters pile up and accrue late fees constantly. I've filed my taxes late like 7 out of the last 10 years.

Maybe I'm naive, but the thought has never occurred to me, "Maybe it's because I have ADHD."
Looks like a recent move or temporary office. Box of random items, basic paper name “plate,” stacks on the desk …
Solar Orbiter Just Solved a Major Mystery About the Sun
> What if you have it read the script, then say, “hey, at this point, what is the character feeling?...

Sure, but now how do you make sure all the answers to those questions are consistent? Across clauses, sentences, paragraphs? To do that, you need to have an entire understanding of human psychology.

And I haven't seen any evidence that LLM's possess that kind of knowledge at all, except at the most rudimentary level of narrative.

Just think of how even professional directors struggle to communicate to an actor the emotional and psychological feeling they're looking for. We don't even have words or labels for most of the things, and we say "you know how you feel in a situation when <a> and <b> but <c>? You know that thing? No, not that, but when <d>. Yeah, that." Most of these things operate on an intuitive, pre-verbal level of thinking in our brain. I don't think LLM's are anywhere close to being able to capture that stuff yet.
Their confidence is not my concern to babysit. You're essentially asking engineers to lie and take blame.
Physicist here. The superconductivity in layered graphene is indeed surprisingly strange, but this popular article may not do it justice. Here are some older articles on the same topic that may be more informative:

https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-twisted-graphene-became-t...,

https://www.quantamagazine.org/a-new-twist-reveals-supercond....

Let me briefly say why some reasons this topic is so interesting. Electrons in a crystal always have both potential energy (electrical repulsion) and kinetic energy (set by the atomic positions and orbitals). The standard BCS theory of superconductivity only works well when the potential energy is negligible, but the most interesting superconductors --- probably including all high temperature ones like the cuprates --- are in the regime where potential energy is much stronger than kinetic energy. These are often in the class of "unconventional" superconductors where vanilla BCS theory does not apply. The superconductors in layered (and usually twisted) graphene lie in that same regime of large potential/kinetic energy. However, their 2d nature makes many types of measurements (and some types of theories) much easier. These materials might be the best candidate available to study to get a handle on how unconventional superconductivity "really works". (Besides superconductors, these same materials have oodles of other interesting phases of matter, many of which are quite exotic.)
This one bit looks exactly right, though:

> As for how to move forward, (...) Either Linus takes the pull, and whatever Christoph says is irrelevant, or he doesn't, and R4L dies. Everything else is a waste of everyone's time and energy.

It does look like maintainers should have a "disagree and commit" mentality at some point, whatever decision they end up making.

I thought Rust in Linux was evaluated, discussed and agreed upon years ago. The fact that there are people still trying to sabotage it shows that they don't follow the "disagree and commit" principle.

They are more like "disagree and make the others lives a living hell until they bend to my will".
UK can just start fining apple billions of dollars if they dont want to fully kick them out of the country.
Cyber-related stuff is GCHQ (black/greyhat) or NCSC (whitehat)
Amazing! I'm interested in models running locally and Kokoro seems amazing. Are you aware of similar models but for Speech to text?
NPS is the electronic version of a poorly run focus group. People will assume all sorts of things and bring in all manner of bias. You may get some data, but you have no idea how accurate it is. Even worse, you have no idea why they answered what they did, or how to fix things to make your customers happier.
Business Districts Balk at Trash Container Rule Citing Costs and Future Fines
Not necessarily. There's a lot of people absolutely unwilling to risk loosing their salary and career. If you are doxxed as the leaker, what other company would hire you? I'm not even considering if there could be criminal charges involved as well.

Snowden left an example of what kind of lifestyle is possible after leaking, and I doubt snowflakes at FAANG would be down for that. Or how about other examples of leakers that have turned up dead? That's a cheery thought to consider.

So yeah, at this point in time, I do believe there's a lot of people that might not agree, but are not up for the task.
A C only kernel build without CONFIG_RUST will not build a single line of Rust code nor will it touch anything in the rust subdirectory. If you don’t want to deal with rust, you don’t have to at all.
HN policy is to not treat YC posts any differently, which I will give them credit for given these particular circumstances.
>Is your theory that rust makes people dramatic? Or that dramatic people like rust? What other options are there, if not coincidence?

There is a cognitive bias called "loyalty to the brand", in which it says that people prefer the things they have because they rationalize their choices to protect their sense of ego. When they invest time (or a lot of money) to something, they create an emotional connection, especially if that was a choice and not something imposed on it. It is choosing one thing about the other that leads to narratives about why you have done a certain thing, something that is usually connected to your self-image.

There are a number of cognitive trends that converge to create this behavior. This assignment effect appears when you feel that the things you have are superior to things you don't have.
Another bias is the fallacy of irrecoverable costs. This happens when you spend time or money on something you don't want to have or don't want to do, but you can't avoid. For example, imagine that you spent time studying Rust. You will be "hooked" on the idea that given the time spent in this, it is better to defend the language, even if you imagine that it is not for all things.

To combat post-decisional dissonance, the feeling that you committed to one option when the other option could have been better, you strive to feel justified as to what you selected to reduce the anxiety created when questioning himself. All this forms a gigantic group of neurological associations, emotions, details of self-image and trends around the things you have.
They were deceptive about why they removed static IPs and port forwarding. Such deceptions speak to character, and a VPN company isn't private -- it's trust transference. So character matters.

There are 6 other providers that do offer static IP, and one of those uses AWS nitro to ensure that mappings aren't available to LEO. So this wasn't a technical limitation.
Please expand on why Lightroom’s UI is trash compared to CaptureOne. Just went to C1’s site and their vibe is more of a polished darktable than the polished golden turd Lightroom is.
Ask HN: Who else is self-hosting AI and apps at home/office?
I've been playing around with this the last couple years, slowly adding to my pile of hardware in the cabinet. Who else? I currently have a Synology NAS, a couple mini-pcs, a gaming rig with GPU.

- Running an ETH node

- Running my own DropBox

- Archiving emails

- Backing up photos

- Dual honed internet w/Starlink

- My own local AI assistant with access to all of it

Who's with me?
Yeah this is probably the neatest little 5 second math thing I've ever seen. Can't believe I hadn't seen this before.
I feel like this is very underspecified, The very first example:

$ echo 'cat' | trre 'c:da:ot:g'
dog

Feels strange. What is happening here; the grammar says

TRRE <- TRRE* TRRE|TRRE TRRE.TRRE
TRRE <- REGEX REGEX:REGEX

What is the parse tree here? Why is "c" not being replaced with "da"? Or why isn't c being removed and "da" being replaced by "ot"?

I do like the idea of having a search/replace semantic that is more intuitive than grouping operators; back in MS-DOS days you could do "ren .log .txt" and this would work which feels bananas to my modern bash-minded way of thinking, but it's very obvious looking at this what it is supposed to do.
They might have to settle for it. The power of a government is not equal to what legislation they pass - they are heavily limited by the economic and publicity consequences of decisions.

As such, any outcome where this is enforced will be a compromise.
TikTok and DJI do similar things

https://www.nullpt.rs/reverse-engineering-tiktok-vm-1

https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/07/chine...

Never install Chinese apps on your phone.
Do you suppose everything is explainable? Gravity feels to me like the sort of thing that just sort of is. I'm all for better characterizations of it, but I'm not holding my breath for an answer to: why?
Thank you for sharing!

As a small remark, classical and quantum coins are equally susceptible to bias. So the initial intro is a bit misleading.
Has anyone attached an AI to the game and tried to get it to solve the game? ;)
It's not clear which scenario you are referring to.

If by "give us access to foreign users' data", you mean TikTok, then ByteDance is only required to sell the US portion of TikTok to American buyers. If you mean iCloud, then Apple is only required to keep Chinese users' data on local servers.
Funny to see this coming up again after all these years. I was the person who reported this issue to the Chromium team, 3 years before that blog posts. They marked it as won't fix, multiple times (other people reported it too), before they fixed it. Safari, Firefox, and IE were all already using more robust PRNGs for Math.random() that did not exhibit this issue.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9550796/why-is-google-ch...
https://issues.chromium.org/issues/40404440

I came across it because of some tests I had for a statistics library I was working on. There was a test that created an array with 100k random values that shouldn't have had any collisions, but I consistently got multiple collisions, only in Chrome.
> Apple stockholders would never allow that.

Then they can vote in a board of directors that agrees with them, and have that board fire Tim Cook.

I would hazard to guess that you'll see an exodus of a lot of folks leaving Apple either because (a) they won't follow that order, or (b) in solidarity with those that are fired.

Reminder that privacy is feature that Apple touts (how much you believe them is up to you):

> On January 28, 2021, Apple CEO Tim Cook delivered remarks at Computers, Privacy & Data Protection Conference: Enforcing Rights in a Changing World. The virtual conference — hosted annually in Brussels, Belgium — is one of the foremost international privacy and technology conferences bringing together leaders from academia, government, civil society and the private sector. Learn more about the features and controls Apple provides users to safeguard their privacy at http://www.apple.com/privacy

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaLxTz1Yw7M

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HjDpPnxcP0

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YOi0r3vptQ
Before people lose their minds on AlphaGeometry, I thought I'd share this gem the r/math subreddit lending some insight into how the original AlphaGeometry appears to work from the perspective of someone far more literate in math than the rest of us.

https://www.reddit.com/r/math/comments/19fg9rx/some_perspect...

The tldr is that a lot of the heavy lifting was done by an algorithm used called Deductive Database + Algebraic Relations.

I must stress that the results were still impressive, at the time scoring a silver in Olympiad Geometry was seen as something out of reach for AI, and it's impressive that they were able to do this with a mostly deterministic approach. The point is that you really didn't need that much AI to actually score a silver.
> This isn't in the presidential powers.
Yes it is! It is literally the first sentence of section 1 of Article II of the constitution!

Saying, "I don't like this therefore it's not in his power" is logically identical to seeing Congress pass a law that you don't like and saying, "this isn't in Congress' power"
I mean I remember seeing this first-hand student teaching Mathematics 13 years ago in the US. They got to me having never seen any of that stuff, and the curriculum attempted to provide a good education in mathematics. But the staff and the way the whole system is structured is to skip all of that and memorize the single rule you need to know to get through the test. So it's all done by rote and the only time you find out how you've been cheated is when you try to go through Calculus.

And I remember that was how we learned everything when I was a kid, and the teachers chose not to do anything else. I also remember from my math ed curriculum one of the professors joking about the elementary education students complaining about having to learn middle school math from the college perspective. So I think portions of this apply here.

I've also seen carpenters apply trigonometry very effectively to do things like cuts for roofs and stair jacks, so there's certainly a lot of truth to people learning maths by occupation and not in a formal setting, and I think part of it is the formal setting.
Of course it doesn't invalidate the point, but it's hard to blame being so exasperated by the incredible hypocrisy that you ragequit at that point.
Linus Pauling's authority in chemistry doesn't make his cuckoo theories about Vitamin C any less cuckoo. Feynman may have been an important physicist, but that doesn't make him knowledgeable about education!

And, to be honest, there's a reason why there are memes about physicists' competence in other fields, like https://xkcd.com/793/.
BagIt and sha256 and dropping Harvard's name and "look, squirrel!"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BagIt
You obviously don't know Bob Parsons that started godaddy, he was very much all of those things. I had the joys of working with the lunatic at godaddy as an early employee in the first few hundred when he was still active in the company daily in 2003, and left after the superbowl explosion in business a few years later because he was such a personal nutbag to work with directly.
Thank you for the additional info and links. This is why I love HN comments
Or there's some game theory and empirically tested amount of potential for violence (even cyber kind) that one should reserve because of human's tendency to be shitty when they can.
I just wanted to distinguish that he wasn't simply clumsy with his language or casually racist but rather entirely identified with it.
Indeed. I remember there was one song that used a pirated variant and you could tell because it had an obvious artifact that was accidentally introduced in a pirated copy of the song!
> Please don’t get your hopes up that the new watch will have X/Y/Z new feature. It’s going to be a Pebble and almost exactly as you remember it, except now with open source software that can you can modify and improve yourself.

That’s largely pretty cool. I explicitly don’t want a touch screen, for example. However some more tracking or longer battery life (Amazfit Bip shows it’s possible) would be appreciated. Styling wise I’ll be completely happy with the Pebble Time 2.
How about NO. Fuck off.
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(worth noting that these pullstruders are all separate from the methods of shredding or grinding plastics into granules/pellets and using an extruder, i.e. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQ0UyWKafAw, whose videos on the subject are good overviews of the process but tend to annoy me because they use pretty hobby-accessible tools for everything but the critical grinding part, for which he wheels out a sponsor's $10,000 commercial plastic grinder)
That's all true and I agree with your conclusion, but comparisons to Apollo are complicated by changes in how much risk NASA is willing to tolerate. The Apollo missions were very risky and got lucky more than once.
Same with chrome on Zenfone 8