skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Even getting an OS, compiler etc is not that easy.

There's a GCC fork [0], macro11 [1] (GCC and clang also both have macro11 backends), ack [2] and more.

Getting hold of a modern compiler is trivial.

> It's kind of hard to get hold of a PDP-11 these days.

The PiDP-11 [3] emulator that runs on a Pi, is fairly popular among the retro crowd. So sourcing something hardware wise that behaves that way is easily possible.

The Computer History Simulation Project [4] will give you easy access to simulating a PDP-11 on just about anything that you own.

But if you want the original hardware, then they're in the $400-500 range, in my area. Easy to source.

[0] https://github.com/JamesHagerman/gcc-pdp11-aout

[1] https://gitlab.com/Rhialto/macro11

[2] https://github.com/davidgiven/ack

[3] https://obsolescence.wixsite.com/obsolescence/pidp-11

[4] https://github.com/simh/simh
If the live audience was outraged by his Nazi salutes, I wouldn’t care so much.

The fact he did two Nazi salutes to an applauding audience with smiles is deeply concerning.
First lab-grown meat for pets goes on sale
My Co-Founder threw away 90% of the code I wrote
TL;DR: This is an appreciation post for all those co-founders who take our messy, hacky code, and somehow transform it into maintainable, production-ready software.

Back in October, my co-founder and I started working on an ambitious project to automate the entire machine learning lifecycle. We split our PoC into two parts: ML model generation (my part) and data generation (his part), tackling them independently. Within weeks, we had cobbled together a solution that could generate datasets from problem descriptions and then train ML models with them. Rather than getting caught up in perfection, we deployed it to AWS, exposed it as an API, and started getting user feedback.

The response was encouraging, but users consistently asked to see under the hood. Given we were working with data, open-sourcing seemed like the natural next step. While part of me wanted to immediately throw our code onto Github, my co-founder wisely suggested we take a step back, review, and refactor the critical pieces first.

Here's where it gets interesting: We decided to swap our codebases. I would review his data generation code, and he would tackle my ML model generation code. What followed was both humbling and enlightening.

His data generation code was a thing of beauty - meticulously documented, well-structured, and so clean that it took me just a couple of days to make minor tweaks for release. My code? Well... my co-founder spent over a week essentially rebuilding it from scratch while preserving the core functionality. In his typical gracious manner, he maintained the essence of what I'd built while making it actually maintainable.

Looking back, I basically threw spaghetti at the wall while my co-founder actually wrote real software. My code worked (somehow). Meanwhile, his codebase was like a well-organised library - everything in its place, properly documented, actually maintainable. Sure, we got our prototype out fast, but I'm pretty sure I owe him a few years of his life for having to deal with my "creative" approach to software engineering.

So here's to all the co-founders out there who clean up after us "move fast and break things" developers. Your dedication to code quality might not always be visible to users, but it's what transforms promising prototypes into lasting products.
I have seen no decent program that can read, OCR, and analyze, and tabulate data correctly from very large PDF files with a lot of scanned information from different sources. I run my practice with pdf files- one for each patient. It is a treasure trove of actionable data. PDF filing in this manner allows me to finish my daily tasks in 4 hrs instead of 12 hrs! For sick patients who need information at the point of care, PDF has numerous advantages over usual hospital EHR portals, etc. If any smart Engineer/s are interested in working with me, please connect with me
Bernie Sanders if anything is a social democrat and certainly he is a poor man compared to Trump, Musk & affiliates.

His net worth is "only" 3 million dollars, if you serve half a century in Congress you could accumulate this kind of money (not to mention inheritance and royalties from all of the books he wrote).

What idea is that that a socialist needs to be poor? Is the Pope poor? Was Engels poor?
I've found conversation to be more spirited and lively, with everyone hopeful that sanity (albeit a weird one - Trump is weird) is finally prevailing over the state of things as they were.

For those of us that were persecuted, bullied, gaslight and discriminated against up until now, we can finally breath a small sigh of relief as there is hope for the future of our children. Remember, children and the next generation are innocent in all of this regardless of side, and they deserve to inherit peace and prosperity, not hatred and discrimination!
Flexbox, grid and rich text are not the sole domain of HTML.

How do people imagine rendering is implemented in browsers to begin with?
I’m aware of poll.blue, it’s a great tool, but I built blueskypolls.xyz to offer more features like custom emoji support, poll end dates, and detailed result graphs, all while keeping it fast and simple to use.

OAuth is definitely on my radar, but I’m holding off until Bluesky provides a proper OAuth implementation. Once that’s in place, I’d love to integrate it!

Regarding the AV warning, it’s possible that the domain was previously registered and used for something malicious before I got it, but unfortunately, I can’t control its past. That said, I’m already reaching out to Bitdefender to get it reviewed and cleared.

Appreciate you bringing it up, and thanks for checking out this.
That is an odd conclusion from a tweet that shows revenue is down 50% since Musk took over. Maybe they didn't read the 2nd paragraph? Or maybe they think that the admittedly improved profit margin is sustainable even if revenue crashes?
UbuWeb – Founded 1996
Worth noting that there is a European company (I believe headquartered in Sweden) whose mission is to build an EU-first cloud to compete with the large US offerings.

Evroc[1] is their name and I’ve been following them for a few years now. They raised a large amount in 2023 [2] and looks like they’ve just broken ground on land to build a data center just last week [3]

Very curious on how this will work for them and I plan on following their journey very closely. Any EU-based cloud engineers should apply to join!

[1] https://evroc.com/

[2] https://sifted.eu/articles/evroc-plans-e600m-investment

[3] https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/swedens-evroc-acq...
R5s has one :-)
I think it's ironic that people are up in arms about random posts on Reddit while many of those same people cheer at pardoning those who attacked the capital and brought actual violence on police officers. Will people letting off steam on Reddit lead to a violent insurrection?

The temperature is so high right now, and it's only continuing to rise because there seems to be zero accountability for what's happening whether it's pardons or Musk running unfettered through government accounts. Unfortunately, it's natural for people to keep escalating when they see no other avenue.
Many EU countries are not in the Eurozone.

Turkey and EU have a longstanding relationships with Turkey taking part in many of the EU institutions, like the customs union for example. In many ways Turkey acts as an industrial base for EU, many many EU companies have facilities in Turkey that serve EU.

Turkey is also in the Council of Europe, is in the jurisdiction of European Court of Human Rights(pays a lots of fines, unfortunately), European Border and Coast Guard Agency.

Turkey implemented GDPR compatible privacy laws, it has its infrastructure compatible and integrated with EU etc. Roads, electricity, gas, trains - everything is by the EU standards and integrated within the EU. Environment protection and worker rights are also not that far off. Turkey and EU fell apart only on political level and things like the upholding of the rule of law. In fact, Turkey is one secular government away from being full EU member.

For comparison with US, Turkey exports about $140B to EU and only about $14B to US. No matter the politics, it's EU what matters to Turkey and US is a distant 3rd with being only about %8 of the Turkish exports(Europe is %58).
You can do that on modern CPUs, and I do. If you can't do it, it's simply because you haven't studied the CPUs closely enough.

I write compilers, and I write critical routines by hand when compilers don't do a good job.
Kinda funny and ironic thing is their forum just don't allow me to see the contents of their website from my hetzner box that I use as an exit node. More ironically if this site was using cloudflare I could at least solve a challenge and browse the forum instead of getting hit with a giant 403
Here are some contemporary links for those looking to learn more about reinforcement learning:

- Reinforcement Learning Discussion on Discord, https://discord.com/invite/5nDB9dzZvp

- /r/reinforcementlearning, https://www.reddit.com/r/reinforcementlearning/

- CS285, Deep Reinforcement Learning course at Berkeley, https://rail.eecs.berkeley.edu/deeprlcourse/

And this was probably posted here before, but it's fun nonetheless: Gran Turismo played by an RL agent, https://www.gran-turismo.com/us/gran-turismo-sophy/

Edit: and there's this "blog" that gives some very practical advice for beginners: https://www.decisionsanddragons.com/
Data Contracts Support Collaboration Between Data Teams
Its more than that, our whole social world is constructed by financial possibility. The very reason that you are able to go see a cool movie or try that new restaurant or take a vacation is because someone or some entity, usually a bank, has calculated the risk of the loan or investment into whichever enterprise you are requesting goods or services from. Which is to say that the element of that risk which is non-quantifiable is still articulated within the boundaries of a certain quantity.
> build an EU-first cloud to compete with the large US offerings

Oh come on! There are so many options in the EU to choose from, already. That none of them has the complexity of AWS is a feature, not a bug.
Uber CEO warns robotaxis can't find a fast route to commercial viability
Show HN: I built a tool that summarizes web articles with AI
I built an app called Gistr that captures the gist of web articles. The problem originated when I found myself with so little time to read all the HN articles I was interested in each day. This is my current solution that I use every day.

Using the Chrome extension or web app, a user can upload the URL of the web article and receive a concise summary of that article with tags and estimated reading time. These article summaries with links to the original are then saved to the user's library for later reading and rating. Articles already summarized in the database won't count toward a user's generated summary count.

Currently Gistr is a MVP that does have some rough edges, especially around parsing some websites. Planned features include improving the parsing and adding leaderboards of most saved and top rated articles.

Technology used:

- parsing articles: https://github.com/mozilla/readability

- summarization: Claude Haiku 3.5

- auth and database: Supabase

- fullstack framework: Next.js

- deployed on: Vercel

This is my first attempt at building a product as a solo indie developer. I'd appreciate any honest feedback so I can improve on this journey. Thanks for checking out Gistr!

landing page: https://www.getgistr.com/

demo page (no sign up): https://demo.getgistr.com/

actual app: https://app.getgistr.com/
As a person who has trained a number of computer vision deep networks, I can tell you that we have some cool-looking visualizations on how lower layers work but no idea how later layers work. The intuition is built over training numerous networks and trying different hyperparameters, data shuffling, activations, etc. it’s absolutely brutal over here. If the theory was there, people like Karpathy who have great teacher vibes would’ve explained it for the mortal grad students or enthusiast tinkerers.

> The kind of progress being made leads me to believe there absolutely ARE people who absolutely know how the LLMs work and they're not just a bunch of monkeys randomly throwing things at GPUs and seeing what sticks

I say this less as an authoritative voice but more as an amused insider: Spend a week with some ML grad students and you will get a chuckle whenever somebody says we’re not some monkeys throwing things at GPUs.
https://protectli.com/
Good quality devices. Real serial consoles to allow recovery when you make a networking configuration mistake ;-)
And outside of tight loops is where a cycle here or there is irrelevant to the overall speed of the program. All the more so if you're going to have cache or TLB misses on those loads.
Very unclear to me that ‘do nothing and get paid for it with congressionally appropriated funds earmarked for doing something’ is legal.
Infrastructure Laundering
I am sure TPLink already use OpenWRT as base for many routers
Unless you know more about that incident than the op, it sounds like they didn't refuse to fill anything but instead chose to skip and optional section.
Roast My PowerPoint AI Tool
James Damore was right in the end. Lots of talk of “bravery” and “speaking truth to power” and in most cases it’s just someone saying the latest politically correct thing. There’s no risk, etc.

James Damore was brave and was speaking truth to power and his convictions caused him to lose his employment and made him a pariah in his industry.
Here is one example of what I think is boring. Is this what you had in mind?

----

Bank of England Cuts Interest Rates as British Economy Weakens

The central bank cut rates for the third time in about six months as it said growth had been weaker than expected.
I also get a 403 on the same page since they apparently block the entire Hetzner range (i had this IP for like 3 years and it is never used for abuse) (I sometimes use my machine as a shitty VPN since Turkish Goverment does site block with DPI). If they were using Cloudflare I could at least solve a Captcha and see the website
cd /etc
git init
git add .
git commit -m 'default config'
git remote add ...
git push
# modify your configs
git diff HEAD
git commit -m 'yay i changed stuff and i know what i did'
git push
Shell Model of Nucleus
RISC-V has been designed with the exact goal for being an ISA easy to implement in hardware, so that students will be able to do this.

For this purpose, RISC-V is excellent.

The RISC-V ISA has not been designed as an efficient method for encoding computer programs and even less for being easy to program in assembly language.

When programming in assembly language, a complex ISA is bad, because one cannot hold in mind all its peculiarities, but a too simple ISA is even worse, because every simple operation must be implemented by a complex sequence of instructions that is easy to forget and to get wrong.

I wonder if any of those who claim that the RISC-V ISA is simple can remember without searching the documentation how to implement the checks for integer overflow after each arithmetic operation.

The didactic examples of using RISC-V usually do not check for any errors, which is not acceptable in any critical application. I find funny that sometimes the same people who claim that the unsafe RISC-V ISA is good also claim that C and C++ are bad, because with default compilation options they are unsafe in comparison with e.g. Rust.
I can help as can many others. Probably a good place to start though is with some of the more recent off the shelf solutions like trellis (I have no affiliation with them).
So many good memories when seeing such design... I wonder why things got so complicated nowadays
"It is not worth discussing with „switched-on” people. They are getting high doses of emotional content, they are made to feel like victims, facts does not matter at all. Political beliefs are intermingled with religious beliefs."

This is fascinating to watch in the current environment. People are decent in real life for the most part but on social media its as if all manner of restraint are removed. Post anything disagreeing with the overall narrative of the site and its like a scene out of World War Z. Just attacked by crowds of people actively calling for your death. Never seen anything like it.

On X they will insult your intelligence or pull the "we tried to tell you and this is what you get you [insert explicative here]. On Reddit they will quite openly hope someone murders you.

Social media has truly insidious powers and I don't think people realize they are under its spell until its too late.
> Many EU countries are not in the Eurozone.

Well, 6 aren't. But then I wouldn't say their economies were "fully integrated".
ingest this, gemini
I’ve had quite a hard time compared to setting up my router with opnsense, but I do get how challenging it is to offer something that lets you configure everything on just about any device.

It would be quite hard getting sane defaults for all sorts of configs, e.g. multi AP setup as in my case.
OK, Pharma Bro.
What happened to Conner hard drives
There's no hash collision here, just two different hashes, each with its own salt, matching the same original phrase.

If you use only the password to generate the cache key, then this password will match regardless of salt, so users with the same password will generate a cache key matching that password.
"Tech" is now mature, doesn't need much speculative capital to create the alternatives for US tech giants. Protection will do it, for example banning Google Maps can immediately enable its replacements to take over.

Moreover, EU actually has plenty of capital as savings per capita are significantly higher than US. They lack a nice fluid market for it as Europe is much more fragmented than the USA. Recently they announced the creation of a new regime to address that(something like a virtual country with simplified regulations).
> There's an applicant queue not under their control

Not 100%, sure, but that's far different from 0%.

Which job fairs do your company reps attend? Is there a built-in bias causing you to miss out on good candidates?

Can employees recommend a friend as a potential recruit? What effect does that have on promoting favoritism over a better candidate?

> What you're suggesting is that companies favor candidates who have a different appearance or background than existing employees, which is the definition of bias and discrimination.

No. The suggestion is that companies should not favor candidates because they have the same appearance or background than existing employees.

If the core team is all from Local Church, and their friend network is all from Local Church, then should they favor that network to hire someone else from Local Church, or should other candidates be judged with equal weight?

The former discriminates on the basis of religion, and is prohibited in most cases.

Bearing the latter in mind is DEI.

Requiring new candidates to not be fro Local Church is also discrimination on the basis of religion, and is equally prohibited. It is not DEI.
Thank you for respectfully disagreeing. Will you elaborate so that I can hear a different perspective?
I grow around 1/3 of my own food. Yes all with RO water. I'd like to get above 50%.

Specifically produce, however we grow most of what we eat. We pressure can, dehydrate and ferment to preserve. I have background and decades of experience in growing, which is to say it's more than just standard hobby garden level.

The RO water is not to avoid microplastics (although that might a side benefit) but rather that the water is highly mineralized. It would be a long post to explain why I do this. Some is theoretical health concerns, some is more practical.
You can make a bigger ICE engine (like a container ship engine) and still understand how the whole thing works. Maybe there’s more parts moving but it still has the structure of an ICE engine.

With neural networks big or small, we got no clue what’s going on. You can observe the whole system, from the weights and biases, to the activations, gradients, etc and still get nothing.

On the other hand, one of the reasons why economics, psychology and politics are hard is because we can’t open up people’s heads and define and measure what they’re thinking.
Good list, especially the last one.

See also social acceleration [1], from German sociologist and political scientist Hartmut Rosa. Rosa argues that this current culture leads to a crisis in democratic self-determination, as the current quick demands of modern society often conflict with the slower, more reflective processes that democracy requires. The pressure to respond quickly can make democratic governance appear dysfunctional, as governments find it increasingly difficult to react to the complex issues of today within tight time constraints.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_acceleration
"If I think something is easy, that's a sure sign I don't understand it."
Feeds fairly strongly into
"project managers, could disappear tomorrow to either no effect or a net gain in efficiency."
The only way to round up the numbers Trump wants to round up at this point is by going to job sites. You may think differently, but I don't think criminal gang members are typically working construction, in meat packing plants or picking crops. They are busy doing...you know, criminal things.

Also, Biden has already addressed the numbers coming across the border [1]. So again, the people who are left are mostly hard working people trying to make a life.

[1] https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c36e41dx425o
It can use the pdf reader in the pdf to look closely if it wants to
every Proton based app tends to use min. 1GB of RAM. That's scary
Lots of them seem to in fact do, even if they don't advertise it :)
We have commited to open-sourcing Mojo in 2026
> so setting a timer is equivalent to regularly querying the system time and comparing to a limit

Setting an OS timer would make the thread use 0% CPU. “Regularly querying the system time and comparing to a limit” would not.

Also, a good OS API would allow callers to specify how important it is to be woken at that exact moment, and would use that information to coordinate wake-up times across processes, and thus maximize idle periods.
I do not know. I learned it when I was 12, but it was quite challenging for me.
Pros:
It is very ortagonal, has no memory-to-memory instructions

Zero page is like a having 256 generic RISC registers (a bit faster than accessing to other memory areas).

Very easy to understand how the assembly is micro-coded

Cons:

It is impossible to create a "generic" memory pointer with an index >255 without auto-modifying code.

It is a true 8bit only system and cannot manipulate 16bit word easily
Steve Wozniac created a small VM just to manage 16 bit Integers (see the his Byte magazine articles).

Too much addressing mode.

So I like 6502, but I disagree a bit.
Fermenting seaweed could boost consumption
An hour ago paid to Contabo cloud service provider, headquartered in Munich. No 2fa.
Why not just ignore the bots? I have a Linode VPS, cheapest tier, and I get 1TB of network transfer a month. The bots that you're concerned about use a tiny fraction of that (<1%). I'm not behind a CDN and I've never put effort into banning at the IP level or setting up fail2ban.

I get that there might be some feeling of righteous justice that comes from removing these entries from your Nginx logs, but it also seems like there's a lot of self-induced stress that comes from monitoring failed Nginx and ssh logs.
>usleep

Not since 2008. POSIX has sleep(), nanosleep() and clock_nanosleep() now
Believe it or not, that's my use-case for MS Edge, it has surprisingly decent features (for editing too)