skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> valid, 128 bits

The birthday paradox is a thing. If you have 128 bits of entropy, you expect the 50% mark to be proportional to 64-bit keys, not 128 bits. 64 bits is a lot, but in my current $WORK project if I only had 128 bits of entropy the chance of failure any given year would be 0.16%. That's not a lot, but it's not a negligible amount either.

Bigger companies care more. Google has a paper floating around about how "64 bits isn't as big as it used to be" or something to that effect, complaining about how they're running out of 64-bit keys and can't blindly use 128-bit random keys to prevent duplication.

> bits of entropy

Consumer-grade hash functions are often the wrong place to look for best-case collision chances. Take, e.g., the default Python hash function which hashes each integer to itself (mod 2^64). The collision chance for truly random data is sufficiently low, but every big dictionary I've seen in a real-world Python project has had a few collisions. Other languages usually make similar tradeoffs (almost nobody uses crytographic hashes by default since they're too slow). I wouldn't, by default, trust a generic 1-million-bit hash to not have collisions in a program of any size and complexity. 128 bits, even with low enough execution counts to otherwise make sense, is also unlikely to pan out in the real world.
Both! But more for entertainment right now, since I already know how to build most of what I ask for and it’s more about the final product and being able to rapidly iterate and realize ideas. I’m finding a lot of what I enjoyed about programming is the thing I make (although the journey is also pleasant), so I feel significantly more capable with AI as another tool in my toolbox. As Simon Willison said, it lets me knock out all the little tech projects I fantasize about but just don’t have the time or energy to build myself. It’s a huge force multiplier.
Through a few of the computer-oriented antique dealers, yes. Not so much online. Part of being locally located, means the device has been sitting on their shelves for over a decade without anyone even making a bid. Several would take even less.

But for a hobbyist, I'd still probably recommend something like the PiDP. Run the system and learn it, without having to take the power bill of an early machine.
Tesla continues to dominate EV sales worldwide and domestically to the point that sales figures are broken down into "Tesla" and then "everybody else."

That is false. BYD and Tesla both sold 1.7M last year if you are talking only EVs (BEV in BYD breakouts) which doesn't count BYD's 2.5M plugin hybrids. Teslas growth rate was flat and BYD's was a bit less than 50%.

Let me know if I've made any mistakes there, though.
This is all less-than-peanuts when compared to Trump's tax plan released today: $5-$11 trillion over ten years.

https://www.crfb.org/blogs/trump-tax-priorities-total-5-11-t...
Could it be that red states aren’t passing privacy laws? No snark intended. Privacy seems pretty “anti-business” when you consider that it’s a type of regulation in any form. I share the same idle curiosity because I’ve followed the EFF for years too, but the more I think about it: did they ever stand a chance with Republicans?

It also seems like big tech is aging into or adopting a kind of partisanship. These companies are so unfathomably large it’s almost difficult to look at their market impact as positive. Mind you, I’m not trying to make a particular case here. I’m only espousing a general attitude. The share of the S&P 500 that they collectively occupy alone is looking increasingly concerning.
Think about the recipe we’re seeing: Trump is scaring off career civil servants and installing loyalists whose allegiance is to Trump before the Constitution. He’s ignoring court orders. This is not ok, even if you like some of the policies, because it is democratic decline. It is happening.

So all of us can figure out what we can do … whether it be staying sane, focusing our efforts where they matter, donating, … I don’t have a magic bullet. But this country is worth fighting for.
Maybe at this point don’t watch any black mirror episodes…?
It's not just about the US or the current or previous US govt: there are billions more tech users in EU, Canada, Asia, Central & South America, Africa. They also have differing levels of electronic privacy. EFF has members in those countries too.

The next major accountability moment for measuring the use of tech will be the 2/2025 German federal election, Canadian and Australian elections, also Chile, Norway, SG. When combined with 2024 (US, UK, France, India, SK, [0]) should at least give a pretty rich readout on the state of digital media and privacy, also YT/FB/IG/TT/Twitter/Bluesky/Rednote

[0]: Pew Research: "Global Elections in 2024: What We Learned in a Year of Political Disruption" https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2024/12/11/global-electio...
An addict can't use occasionally or use less ... there is only 1 way to quit. You have to actually quit.
India to launch new domain names for banks, other financial institutions
Another discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42968278
If it’s such a vague term, why not get rid of it, and also being so vague what has the government been paying for?
"4. Support high-level languages (HLL). An explanation of the degree of support follows. Our intention is always to use high-level languages with RISC I."

That doesn't say anything about making it difficult to use assembly language. It speaks only to making it UNNECESSARY, to the largest extent practical.

Maybe you weren't around at the time, but I remember very clearly the literature on the software crisis and the VAX being designed to make assembly language programming as productive as possible, EVEN at the expense of raw machine speed (the VAX 11/780 was slower than the PDP 11/70), because no one trusted the performance of high level languages.

The above aim of RISC was to make a machine fast enough and easy enough for compilers to use effectively that there would seldom be a reason to move out of the more productive high level language.
Is this rhetorical? Nothing. Every website that adds their code will be tracking you. Every friend, acquaintance, or anyone that you’ve shared your contact with for what ever reason that has given them access to their contacts has provided your info for you. There’s nothing you can do about it.

At the rate we’re going, it will soon be law that you have to allow them to track you. The Zuck just hasn’t figured out yet that if he writes larger checks, he can get an executive order that would benefit him.
> What do you think the federal government is doing to make you "poorer" that deserves dismantling the government.

This is what you get after years of defunding or mishandling education. The oligarchs managed to convince the general public that the government is stealing from them. The past decades have seen a huge upward wealth transfer which peaked during covid and this was repackaged and sold back to the people as 'government bad'. Sure, government bad because they didn't go after the oligarchs, but dismantling it is not a solution.

There will be no tax cuts for the plebs after the government is 'leaner', I guarantee it. At most a marginal couple hundred bucks per year - at the cost of drastically cutting down the civil services, some of that invisible stuff that makes society run. By far the biggest beneficiaries of a weak impotent government will be the existing ruling class, the so-called 'elites' the angry 'deplorables' voted against.

My worry is that it's going to backfire and at the exact wrong time, when we need to deal with climate change, pandemics, crumbling old infrastructure and ongoing wealth consolidation. Fun times ahead.
You can flee your average random country (and even Russia). However, it is unlikely you'll be able to flee the US. The US collapsing will probably bring the end of a 1/3 of the world countries or so that only exist because of the US order.

Also if the US collapses into several states, you no longer have a passport. There is a precedent for this (Soviet Union) where "russians" found themselves essentially stateless. So unless you have a second nationality, your best bet is to stay where you are to ensure the new nationality stick to you (hopefully).

If you have a second passport, residence and home, you probably wouldn't be asking this question anyway. Preparing such an infrastructure is out of reach for most people, unfortunately.
Calls to violence have no place in a civil society. Perhaps as a response to real, physical, violence it would be ok.

I also had trouble with all the far right wingers who kept talking about civil war.
One of the main authors from that diplomacy bot is the lead for reasoning and O1 at OpenAI
AI chip firm Cerebras partners with France's Mistral, claims speed record
Not defending NPS here - I don't use it - but some of your assumptions are wrong.

> They can't; there are people who answer 10 but will never recommend, and there are people who answer 0 but already have and will again.

What matters with NPS is trend over time, and getting the numbers at a scale. Yes, there are people who randomly click on one end of the scale or the other, but the assumption is that on average the portion of these people is stable.

> Next, you assume your customers are idiots and don't know how an 11-point scale works by adjusting the midpoint: Instead of 5, the middle is now 7 and 8.

This does not come from the assumption customers are idiots, it comes from the idea to treat people who vote "in the middle" not as neutral, but as detractors. Which makes sense: If someone tells me "hey I know Product X and it's meh", then I'm less a promoter but more a detractor.

> Then you realize there are two many numbers, so you throw several out by reducing your 11-point scale to a 3-point scale

The 3 point scale was the goal all along though, it's the idea of an asymmetric scale that leads to the 11-scale to 13-scale reduction.

> after which you re-interpret "unlikely to recommend" as "likely to snag some other customers on my way out the door."

If your assumption is that promoters drive positive growth, it's fair to assume that detractors drive negative growth by recommending an alternative.
If you believe in that core assumption that NPS measures word of mouth, then this interpretation of "likely to snag some other customers on my way out the door" is a sensible one.

> NPS is said to measure growth using loyalty as a proxy. But then, what does that have to do with recommendations? Nothing.
I don't think the underlying assumption is bad. That's how influencers work: people are more likely to buy something that is being recommended to them by someone they trust and someone who is passionate about the product.

Does NPS work? I don't know - I'm not using it as I said above. But at least the assumptions under which NPS are designed on top of the idea of word-of-mouth as a growth diver seem solid to me.
No it doesn't, the units remain the same. Only legibility changes. Style doesn't affect semantics.
Yeah, the fact that I can't have my mouse in the normal position and scroll the actual article was a problem 10 times or more while trying to read the thing...
They'll keep a shadow profile on you anyways. If you want Meta to not know you exist, it's probably almost impossible.
Don't read Junji Ito's Nagai Yume either.
It’s hard to imagine that people really believe world leadership in science is just a meaningless line item to be culled to make political points, but here we are. It will definitely be worth it to someone in the long run, but undoubtedly not the American people.
I don’t think Trump was standing next to any Hamas leader.
Three similar options would be:

Google Docs with Gemini: https://support.google.com/docs/answer/14355406

Affine AI: https://affine.pro/

Notion AI: https://www.notion.com/help/guides/category/ai
The first thing that comes to mind is this paper:

”Aggression, Social Stress, and the Immune System in Humans and Animal Models” (2018)

It’s a review article on the research topic Anger and Interpersonal Aggression.

It reviews a lot of interesting knowledge from neuroimmunobiology to the sociobehavioral implications.
> If doctor's are afraid, how are they selling so much Adderall?

They don't. Pharmacies do and mostly they aren't either. There have been chronic shortages for a few years and an inability to get scripts filled has been the rule.
I thought it was a scale of code that could have been included in Abbe.
https://github.com/US-Artificial-Intelligence/abbey

Was the motivation for separating it based on security considerations, as stated in the "Security Considerations"?
https://github.com/US-Artificial-Intelligence/ScrapeServ?tab...
that is a dishonest interpretation of the data, the overall _trend_ is "U.S. violent and property crime rates have plunged since 1990s, regardless of data source"
> limit has been picked up (72)

There's nothing wrong with a limit. The problem is that the library silently does the wrong thing when the limit is breached, rather than failing loudly.
This is a GREAT book, if you decide to write it in a rolling fashion you'd have at least one reader from the start :)
I can’t believe there were only 3 loans in San Francisco.

But one of them is a whopping $661,500.00 to a cloud communications company. Such a joke!

Covid ruined our local family business. We didn’t see a cent despite applying left and right.
Personally I enjoy slippery slope arguments which is why I didn't use the term fallacy. What I dislike is the reddit framing of having already slipped!
What can you reasonably do with this info
Show HN: GitTok
Inspired by and a fork of WikiTok, I wanted to build something that lets you explore github repos in a tiktok like format
Thank you! I both programmed and designed this--I miss doing this kind of work.
What kind of editor do you mean? E.g. a document or code editor?
Announcing the data.gov archive
From the post: Today we released our archive of data.gov on Source Cooperative. The 16TB collection includes over 311,000 datasets harvested during 2024 and 2025, a complete archive of federal public datasets linked by data.gov. It will be updated daily as new datasets are added to data.gov.
This is the first release in our new data vault project to preserve and authenticate vital public datasets for academic research, policymaking, and public use.
I've also just made peace with Apple not releasing another small phone - I bought a used (unfortunately not Apple-refurbished) iPhone 13 Mini a few days ago.

I'm holding out hope for:
https://smallandroidphone.com/
I made the digital version of the golf game https://paper-golf.netlify.app/
This is also an acceptable option. It's good TV but it's also nightmare fuel.
I'd call it a scam. And I think most people would say it is at least a little unethical.

Whether it is legal or not is an entirely different question.
That's one way to think about it I guess! I always think of it more like the channels that write to the sensory input registers get switched, just like when I configure my microcontroller's ADC0 to read from INT_REF instead of EXT_REF by flipping a bit at a certain memory address.
Sure, many people can dramatically turn down news consumption and may do better (working towards their personal goals). This is an information diet and stress management question.

At the same time, the parable of the slow boiling frog is apropos here. The Trump administration is breaking many laws as they try to scare off career government employees and install loyalists.

As a general principle, I’m not opposed to improving government efficiency, but it must be done legally.

It will take time for the courts to respond to the executive overreaches. But what happens if the administration doesn’t comply? This has already happened and will likely happen more. If we have an executive branch not complying with the courts, the one branch remaining is Congress. If not that, then massive civil unrest. Or some kind of internal power struggle. This could boil over more quickly than some might expect. It is a test of our resolve.

What happens when some people in the administration realize they are likely going to be held accountable? Will they do the right thing then? Or will they double down?
> Can you explain this part in more detail?

The Line is in Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia's northwest projection against Jordan, Israel and Egypt's Sinai Peninsula. It's within proven bombing range of several regional terrorist groups, including some with explicit antagonism against the KSA, e.g. the Houthis. Put simply, it's a megaproject that strongly depends on borders staying put and low-boil militancies at a simmer.
> particular audience here is particularly vested in science industries in one form or another

That's literally everyone on planet earth. You are relying on science in every industry and it development in one way or another.
Yeah, but I don't think Play (which I enjoyed) was ever going to top those, unless it had a fundamentally new idea to bring.
> How does a US politician on a $175k salary become worth $80 million after 30 years in congress?

Which politician are we talking about here? Or are we being generic? From what I've seen, the majority of people in Congress started off rich because, well, you need to be rich (or at least rich-adjacent) to even consider running.
What you'll find is that most people form a knee jerk opinion first, most often in opposition to change, then retrospectively seek reasons to justify their opinion after the fact.

In other words, people, generally, cherrypick evidence for their opinions, rather than picking opinions for their evidence.

A good sign this is occuring is when the reasons provided are vague, the prevalence of that negative outcome is rare, or are hypothetical scenarios which rely on companies or people behaving in unlikely and unnatural ways (like ignoring broader incentives).

The result is luddite-ism, and proposals exactly like this one, whereby regulations are proposed even in the absence meaningful and demonstrable harm.
It works as good as our energy policy.

Ah there are other well working policies in the EU like the migration of skilled workers.

All works well /S
> thinking of a future where 100 people owned them and flew right to their high rise apartment parking space

I can't hear Blade's birds at their East River heliport on 30th Street in Manhattan from my friend's apartment in Hudson Yards. The noise is mostly at street level. Not in an apartment with a modicum of thought to acoustics.
Federal Government Made $236B "Improper Payments" Last Fiscal Year(2024)
This is part of an entire genre; solo roll-and-write board games. Here's some other popular titles you can print off yourself:

PNP Arcade's Dungeon Pages [1], Dangerous Space [2], and Power Creep [3] (each of which also have year-long sets). They're sort of one-page tactical dungeon crawlers. Each successive set iterates on the theme, with Dangerous Space being more tactical and Power Creep introducing a crafting system.

Anything from Postmark games [4]. Most of these can also be played with a group, competing for a high score. In particular, Voyages simulates sailing the high seas looking for treasure, Aquarmarine is about diving as deep as possible to see sea life, and Waypoints is about choosing optimal routes on a hike in national park.

Bargain Basement Bathysphere, which has a long campaign. [5]

This Shut Up and Sit Down video has a good overview of some others, too. [6]

1. https://www.pnparcade.com/products/dungeon-pages-core-set

2. https://www.pnparcade.com/products/dangerous-space-core-set

3. https://www.pnparcade.com/products/power-creep-core-set

4. https://www.postmarkgames.com/

5. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mWjzWDWmzcPDCPeCkZ1LAD7ZLRl...

6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNghPlwbYe8
YC doesn't do memos, and I doubt that partners have been telling founders to do this. Some of the lingo around startups can be fashion-driven.

Personally I find the term "founding $employee" a bit oxymoronic and I tend to take it out of job ad titles on HN when I see it.

FWIW (<-- I am not a startup advisor!) my answer to your question is that any engineer who is inclined to "just build it for themselves and retain 100% equity" should do so. The only reason not to is if you don't want to, or have reason to believe that joining someone else's startup will be better for you in the long run.

Sometimes engineers want to work at an existing startup for a while, in order to learn things before starting their own. That seems legit to me. But you can also found your own startup without doing anything like that. Plenty of founders do, and YC is happy to fund them.
I occasionally answer a customer support survey, just because I know the person on the other end probably gets to keep their job or not based on some average score, but I am not wasting my time answering a NPS survey for some random app or company that I've used. It's just not worth my time and I get too many surveys to care.
I could have worded it better, but yes, slices have footgun potential but it's simple to work with once you know how they work (and maps fall into this same category).
If you watch the "Galaxy" demo video you see that there are some "pre-rolled" numbers built in.
Just one anecdote, but I've reliably used fingerprint unlocking since the iPhone 5S all the way up until a few days ago when I switched to an iPhone 13 mini. Facetime doesn't actually feel more convenient to me.

Oh - I thought I was going to be providing you with one counter-example, but I've just thought of something which means I'll have to switch to agreeing with you. When it's raining and my fingers are even slightly wet, it's all over for fingerprint unlocking for me.
Sorry, rereading my own comment I'd like to clarify.

Perhaps time spent thinking isn't a great metric, but just looking at deepseek's logs for example, it's chain of thought for many of these "softer" questions are basically just some aggregate wikipedia article. It'll brush on one concept, then move on, without critically thinking about it.

However, for coding problems, no matter how hard or simple, you can get it to just go around in circles, second guess itself, overthink it. And I think this is is kind of a good thing? The thinking at least feels human. But it doesn't even attempt to do any of that for any "softer" questions, even with a lot of my prompting. The highest I was able to get was 50 seconds, I believe (time isn't exactly the best metric, but I'd rate the intrinsic quality of the CoT lower IMO). Again, when I brought this up to people they suggested that math/logic/programming just intrinsically is harder... I don't buy it at all.

I totally agree that it's harder to train for though. And yes, they are next token predictors, shouldn't be hasty to anthropomorphize, etc. But like.... it actually feels like it's thinking when it's coding! It genuinely backtracks and explores the search space somewhat organically. But it won't afford the same luxury for softer questions is my point.
> Likewise files and folders, most people can't grasp what they can't physically see so the very concept of files and folders inside a computer is pig latin and they just dump everything on their desktop which they can physically see.

What do they dump on their desktop? Surely it is files and folders!
Being in support of free speech doesn't mean being explicitly tolerant of every possible opinion or political/philosophical/ethical viewpoint. I can assure you without any doubt that EFF is not sitting there fighting for someone to advocate for genocide, for example.

Further, defending privacy and free speech also means protecting from people/institutions which would act against privacy and free speech, i.e. the "paradox of tolerance" is very relevant: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance