skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Not really digital. The "combining unit" seems to have been an analog adder that wraps. The key generation was mechanical and digital, and produced an analog key waveform to add to the voice signal. At the other end,the analog waveform was subtracted out. Keeping both ends in sync would have been the main problem.

If it was a real A to D with digital encryption, it would have needed far more tubes. The digital side would have had to be all electronic. It wasn't. Look at the picture. That's an Enigma mechanism with a very few tubes out back.

Something like that would have sync problems. Not clear what they used as a time base for the demo device. Maybe for demo purposes they just used the power line as a clock.

Before SIGSALY, there was a pre-war Western Electric system, the A-3 [1], used for transatlantic phone calls. That had only five channels, advanced the key only every 15-20 seconds, and only had six channel-swapping patterns. The A-3 was a very low grade encryption system, and was broken by the Germans.

SIGSALY was the A-3 concept scaled up. More channels, faster key changes, additional analog processing. It filtered analog voice into ten channels, and swapped the channels around based on a one-time key stored on phonograph records.
This seems to have taken way too much hardware. But it had redundancy, each direction was separate, and there was a pseudorandom key generator for testing without using up one-time keying material, all of which added bulk.

Audio speed analog to digital converters were invented in 1937 by Alec Reeves.[2] But they were not used until after WWII. A usable voice-speed A to D seems to have been beyond the capabilities of WWII electronics. Reeves had the basic concept - a counter, a ramp generator, and a comparator. All of those were very hard to do in 1937.

Reeves is an obscure figure. He invented pulse-code modulation as well as the A to D converter. He spent WWII working on aircraft navigation systems rather than encryption. If he'd been involved in encryption, high-security WWII voice encryption probably would have been all-digital. After the war, he was involved in the beginnings of fiber optic links, so he did quite a bit.

[1] http://chris-intel-corner.blogspot.com/2012/02/intercepted-c...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_Reeves
Molly White is a good egg
> At the same time, putting your ideas to words forces you to make them concrete instead of nebulous brain waves.

I mean, isn’t typing your code also forcing you to make your ideas concrete
Kudos for the anthropological experiment. Indeed makes you wonder what's there about the sliding that makes it so entertaining.

I suggest you add some sort of summary that flows, so to add certain level of animation. Some articles have actual sound and animations to them.

Great inspiration!
No, I don't think so.

I think it's the dumbest, high confidence kids(with big egos) in the room who agree to do shit like this.
With a lazy eye, the brain tends to just outright ignore the conflicting signals and you end up only seeing out of one eye.

My guess is that the IPD was the primary problem for everyone else. That's real easy to get wrong and it can cause massive eye strain as your brain tries to force your eyes to focus on an image that is geometrically impossible to focus. In your case, you probably ended up just using one eye and your brain filled in the missing data. That way you sidestep the focusing problem.
The rationale given makes perfect sense, but isn't it risky to rewrite in a language that is yet to hit 1.0?
Yeah, the lack of a source makes it clear this is BS.

It's based in a bit of truth. Yes, there were 300,000 jobs created in 2021, and 94% did go to people of color. However, these were non-professional roles (service workers, laborers) that were coming back as COVID died down.

As far as new executive, managerial and professional roles, the share of people of color increased by just 2%.

https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2023-black-lives-matter-e...
This is awesome. I can imagine you likely are not interested in building one but this site could hugely benefit from a recommendations algorithm.

For example an algorithm could understand how much a user really enjoys a certain article and then starts sending the users down a rabbit hole of similar and tangential content. Designing, building and maintaining an algorithm like this though is no small feat.
> The idea that a foreign, adversarial government would have a Constitutional right to propagandize our citizenry at-scale is obviously not consistent with the societal good (or the "common defense", for that matter), so is outside of the First Amendment's scope/intent.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamont_v._Postmaster_General
Please don't cross into personal attack and please stop perpetuating flamewars on HN.

If you wouldn't mind reviewing https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and taking the intended spirit of the site more to heart, we'd be grateful.
Most of my observations have been that people are using it to make personal software. That is to say, software with an intended user base of just yourself and maybe friends and family.

For software meant to be consumed by the masses it's too unreliable for the all the boring details, but otherwise if you want something that serves a specific purpose then sure, it seems to work really well.

Otherwise though I haven't really hard of any non-technical founders leveraging it to finally get their app off the ground.
Built a library for creating state diagrams
>it's memorable because 3^2*100 + 3^3 , or Yoda's age - 900 + the 27 club of musicians who killed themselves so start there...

992
Thanks for this! I had never encountered this term.

And beautiful website/content by the way.
The word "just" there is doing a lot to gloss over the absurdity of government workers ordered to censor the word 'equity' instead of doing actual work.
Reasoning AI bots performance on USU Championships 2000
US dollar attack vectors are gradually drying up. Ironically, the more they are used - e.g. in sanctions - the stronger the motivation for detachment from USD as a reserve currency and direct trade in the parties' own currencies. Plus - how much of the world can the US sanction at the same time before it's only the select few that it trades with? Russia + Iran + China + Venezuela + Mexico + Canada + + + ...
You're describing every ML ranking system.
> Here's a Geekbench comparison vs Orange Pi 5+ with rk3588. https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/compare/10014991?baseli...
>
>60% or better lift across the board for single core. Not bad imo.

The numbers look like nonsense. There's no indication of what's being comapred.

From the look of it (see the table), the little core on RK3588 is compared against big core on Cix.
> But let's say an advertiser comes to you and says "we want to spend $1M / day to advertise our 10GB game, but only to devices that could install it."

I don't want to call you a liar, but having seen ads that are presumably targeted at me, it feels like a total fiction to say that anyone is actually capable or interested in doing this.

I get advertisements for just absolute nonsense garbage that has no bearing on my life, and no bearing on anything that could have possibly been collected from my device.

The closest thing is that when I was in Mexico for a week, some of my podcast pre-roll ads were in Spanish. (Which, I should note, I do not speak fluently enough to even understand.) Even now, the occasional ad I'm served on a podcast is in Spanish.

And that's it. They saw that my IP came from Quintana Roo, and (somewhat reasonably) decided that I need to hear Spanish-language content. Even when I physically moved back to the United States.
Ye sure, but it took quite some time. I think you still can do number only withdrawals but the banks are reluctant to approve them due to scams. I think I signed a receit like 5 years ago when I said I forgot my pin.

I don't get the CVC number. Was it added becouse it was not copied by the old card receit copy machines? Like, it is just a number on the other side of the card.
Point me to anything that shows they were bad
Anyway, DOGE was supposed to be finding inefficiencies not rewriting the codebase, how much is that saving?
This is the first justification of not using Rust that I actually agree with. Well written.

I recommend reading Roc's FAQ too - it's got some really great points. E.g. I'm internally screaming YESSS! to this: https://www.roc-lang.org/faq.html#curried-functions

But then it has other weird features too, like they seem to be really emphasising "friendliness" (great!) but then it has weird syntax like `\` for anonymous functions (I dunno where that dumb syntax came from by Nix also uses it and it's pretty awful). Omitting brackets and commas for function calls is also a bad decision if you care about friendliness. I have yet to find a language where that doesn't make the code harder to read and understand.
Response to MoE Assumption About GPT-4 Turbo:
It’s true that many frontier models are using Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures, but there’s a critical distinction between how different models implement MoE—assuming they do at all.

DeepSeek: Confirmed MoE model, openly admits to dynamically selecting experts during inference. This results in inconsistent answers, logical loops, and a lack of reasoning stability—demonstrated in my testing.
GPT-4 Turbo (ChatGPT): OpenAI has not confirmed that it’s MoE. While some suspect it may have MoE-like elements, it behaves far more like a dense, unified model in practice—meaning responses are significantly more stable across different conversations.
Dense Models (LLaMA, Mistral): No MoE at all. These models process everything with the entire network active at all times, resulting in predictable and repeatable outputs.
Why This Matters:
MoE models vary drastically in how they select and integrate experts. DeepSeek struggles because its expert selection appears inconsistent, leading to wildly different answers in fresh sessions. In contrast, GPT-4 Turbo, even if it has MoE-like optimizations, does not show the same instability—suggesting a different or better implementation.

The key point: Not all MoE models behave the same, and OpenAI has not confirmed if ChatGPT is using MoE at all. Assuming all "frontier models" work identically oversimplifies the reality of AI architectures.

Would love to hear thoughts from others who have tested these differences in practice!
Giving their billionaire buddies feee reign on us government systems does
https://github.com/IsaacGemal/wikitok
Most of them seem to be correct. Apple Car was basically an open secret for years before it was cancelled, same with AirPower and even Apple Vision Pro had it's price estimate leaked before it was announced.

It feels like Apple thinks they're really good at hiding stuff, but forget that their employees love to talk. Nobody will forget the prototype iPhone left just sitting there unattended at a bar.
Language support relies on the same language servers that VS Code uses (i.e. language extensions)! Servers come pre-installed with a variety of extensions, but I believe we do not install Kotlin for now. We'll get Kotlin installed (this was just an oversight)!
Mussolini was elected too

At least, at the beginning

He later had his power gave to him by the king which should have put him under arrest
As the article states, BQL has been around since 2011 so it's most likely available - you can grep for CONFIG_BQL in your /boot/config-* file to confirm.

I'm not aware of any up-to-date list of drivers that support BQL. You could try something like [1], but I'm not sure if it will find all relevant drivers.

[1] https://livegrep.com/search/linux?q=file%3A%5C.c%24%20netdev...
Absent examples of concrete impact (damage), it's arbitrary fear mongering.

You can write about anything to make it sound bad, even when it's good, and vice versa.

Need to focus on outcomes.
AI is a little bit like Occam‘s razor, when you say hoofbeats, you get horses. Bad if you need Zebras.
Easier is just to point out that polls show that all of this DOGE stuff is deeply unpopular [1] (as is Elon himself, incidentally). We don't have to speculate as to which of the president's agenda items have a popular mandate; we can just ask the electorate.

[1]: https://today.yougov.com/topics/economy/survey-results/daily...
I would actually join you, as my longstanding view on coding is that it is best done in pairs. Sadly humans and programmers in particular are not so ready to work arms-by-arms, and it is even more depressing that it now turns AI is pairing us.

Perhaps there's gonna be post-AI programming movement where people actually stare at the same monitor and discuss while one of them is coding.

As a sidenote - we've done experiments with FOBsters, and when paired this way, the multiply their output. There's something about psychology of groups and how one can only provide maximum output when teaming.

Even for solo activities, and non-IT activities, such as skiing/snowboard, it is better to have a partner to ride with you and discuss the terrain.
This is only half the answer. Cooperatives are niche in the US because they don't prioritize growth, and they exist in a legal and financial framework that does. If conventional corporations didn't receive massive amounts of investor cash and preferential government treatment to stay unprofitable for years or decades while scaling, one imagines coops would be more competitive.
Indeed - doesn’t seem very “Efficiency” based does it.
219 Democrats and 1 Republican voted to limit presidential power. 0 Democrats and 208 Republicans voted against it.[1]

[1] https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2021440
>AI that manipulates a person’s decisions subliminally or deceptively.

This is a strange one. Arguably this is the objective of marketing in general.
Therefore, I'm not sure why draw the line only when AI is involved.
I highly recommend people stop using music streaming services, they take away the control of the music listener and producers.

Bandcamp might be a different story since it has a policy it stands by (for now), provides access to the music downloads and doesn't try to artificially alter their listings, but that can soon change with the new ownership.
I can't get the prompt because I'm on my work computer but I have about a three-quarter-page instruction set in the settings of cursor, it asks clarifying questions a LOT now, and is pretty liberal with adding in commented pseudo-code for stuff it isn't sure about. You can still trip it up if you try, but it's a lot better than stock. This is with Sonnet 3.5 agent chats (composer I think it's called?)

I actually cancelled by Anthropic subscription when I started using cursor because I only ever used Claude for code generation anyway so now I just do it within the IDE.
Your script example is a good one, but the nice thing about scripting is when you learn the semantic of it. Like the general pattern of find -> filter/transform -> select -> action. It’s very easy to come up with a one liner that can be trivially modified to adapt it to another context. More often than not, I find LLMs generate overly complicated scripts.
Tangential but count how many times author used "I" in this article.
The article explicitly mentions how the system's normal maintainers are in a panic because this kid 'Fred' they have no info about (not even a last name) has unlimited access to change things.
Bad idea. I want the US to continue projecting power because the alternative is worse.
I don't think we're allowed to take bribes. We are not even supposed to own stocks in any of the airline companies. I give everyone "direct" equally, to the best of my ability barring any restrictions.
I know some of the point of this is running things locally, but for agent workflows like this some of this seems like a solved problem: just run it on a throwaway VM. There's lots of ways to do that quickly.
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Experience building startups to profitability, across social networks, web site builder, landscape design, video/audio streaming and now machine learning pipelines, architecture, training, and analysis. Looking for opportunities in the applied ML space, especially focused on computer vision and diffusion models. Deep experience building data (image/text) processing pipelines, training and analysis of diffusion models and VLM models.
They have! https://help.partiful.com/hc/en-us/articles/26526557943067-H...
Are senators unable to act independently?

The article alluded to a Republican filibuster as the barrier to passing the senate.
Awesome. I have a project with a similar tik-tok-esque philosophy for serving all sorts of noncommercial content from the web. The interface is one button and a random page is embedded in an iframe. I use random wikipedia pages as a fallback in case my algorithm returns a dead page.

I call it moonjump: https://moonjump.app/
Can this tech billionaire save the media from an AI apocalypse?
They do mention it but there's only 10k lines of Zig, so it's hardly a blip in the grand scheme of things.
https://archive.ph/oGu9O
At least someone is trying. I don't see anyone doing better anywhere else in the world.
Game design is taught at many schools, though often not a lot of courses (maybe 1 or 2). But if you broaden your scope, the things that go into video games (graphics, modeling like goes into a physics engine, etc.) are taught at many more schools with greater opportunity to dive deeper into the topics.
Don't forget the loot boxes!
I can't help but feel like the Roc team has an attitude of "imperative programming for me, but not for thee".

And now they are doubling down on that by moving from "OCaml meets C++" to "C, the good parts"!

If FP isn't good for writing a compiler, what is it good for?
This alone is why I will always choose Vanguard if possible.
Your math is way off. It's not merely 2% of the initial investment, but your final overall wealth.
PR submitted, comments by concerned coders with years experience in the system overruled and force merged with message "wcgw".
> Would you really not consider e.g. adoptive children to be part of the culture of their adoptive parents?

Sure. But culture isn't "innate". But being a westerner is innate. I could learn chinese, but that doesn't make me a chinese person. A chinese person could learn english but he is still "innately" chinese.

> Very easily, since one is an ethnicity, while the other is a nationality/culture.

I already acknowledged that. My point is what do you mean by a western person or a westerner. Anyone can partake in a culture. You can eat chinese food or indian food but that doesn't make you a chinese person or an indian person.

Am I wrong here. Or is the term "west/westerner" used differently around the world.
It makes me think of the promises and perils of Jupyter notebooks.

So far as this article is concerned (not the many commenters who are talking past it), "chat" is like interacting with a shell or a REPL. How different is the discussion that Winograd has with SHRDLU

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHRDLU

with the conversation that you have with a database with the SQL monitor really?

There's a lot to say for trying to turn that kind of conversation into a more durable artifact. I'd argue that writing unit tests in Java I'm doing exploratory work like I'd do in a Python REPL except my results aren't scrolling away but are built into something I can check into version control.

On the other hand, workspace-oriented programming environments are notorious for turning into a sloppy mess, for instance people really can't make up their mind if they want to store the results of their computations (God help you if you have more than one person working on it, never mind if you want to use version control -- yet, isn't that a nice way to publish a data analysis?) or if they want to be a program that multiple people can work, can produce reproducible results, etc.

See also the struggles of "Literate Programming"

Not to say there isn't an answer to all this but boy is it a fraught area.
Thank you for the comment. It is twilio backend and nextjs based front end. Essentially it’s just a call forwarding service but I am planning to add more gate/buzzer related features

I am not very good with front end, it is something I need to work on.
I am not 100% sure what behavior you're talking about, but if it's that `jj` doesn't snapshot until you run a `jj` command, you can add watchman, and then it will do so on every filesystem change https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/config/#watchman

Otherwise, jj status will show you the current changes at any time.
I was a very skeptic on AI assisted coding until I tried Cursor and experienced the super autocomplete. It is ridiculously productive. For me it’s to the point it makes Vim obsolete because pressing tab correctly finishes the line or code block 90% of the time. Every developer having an opinion on AI assistance should have just tried to download Cursor and start editing a file.
Most mirrors are run by clubs at universities, typically LUGs or similar.

I'm not sure how many mirrors are run by the university directly, though AFAIK MIT and RIT host theirs directly.
You'd be surprised how much AWS, Azure, GCP, etc take in indirectly from research science.
Cursor does all of this, and agent chats let you describe a new feature or an existing bug and it will search the entire codebase and add relevant code to its context automatically. You can optionally attach files for the context - code files that you want to add to the context up front, documentation for third-party calls, whatever you want.

As a side note, "No, you're wrong" is not a great way to have a conversation.
Usually for this kind of use case you want both INCREMENT and DECREMENT. Using a random number for the "Slot" (AKA "Shard") seems like an anti-pattern. If the Slot were derived from a hash of the data itself, then DECREMENT would be much more straightforward.
it starts with sourcing - finding a massive set of interesting pages, then going through and giving them tags. planning on adding this to my web discovery app as well: https://moonjump.app/
Really just a special case of sharding.
Wow.

“The unfortunate thing, either in business or politics, is that many of one's adversaries and antagonists will never respond to anything but strength—that crude form of power that does not ask for but which requires compliance and deference.
And so strength we have built.”

“As Samuel Huntington has written, the rise of the West was not made possible ‘by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion ... but rather by its superiority in applying organized violence.’

“He continued: ‘Westerners often forget this fact; non-Westerners never do.’”
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I tried that and I was immediately taken to "the best place in the world to have herpes". I didn't click.
Vanguard invests in bitcoin companies. They just don't have a dedicated ETF or mutual fund.

For instance, Vanguard is one of the largest institutional investors in MSTR and MARA.
I agree. Mao once said that he was willing to accept US atomic bombs. But that was when China didn't have fancy cities... Both sides are simply too vulnerable in an all out war.

Xi wants to make China great again he doesn't want a nuclear wasteland.
And at least that jibes with Christianity. I’m not saying I agree with it.