skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Nice example. You can avoid the issue with these being non-functions (because of the vertical segments) by rotating the picture so that the (0,0)-(1,1) diagonal is horizontal. That way you are talking about a sequence of continuous functions F_n with slopes alternating between ±1 that approach the constant-zero function F_0=0.

The reason your intuition was confused was that you felt that there was a way in which these functions with ±1 slope converge to zero function (it is called uniform convergence), but were unsure about the way in which their derivatives f_n=(F_n)' (which keep flipping between ±1) converge to zero.

The resolution of the seeming difficulty is that there are different modes of convergence. The ±1 slope functions F_n converge uniformly to zero, but their derivatives f_n, which determine curve length, do not converge uniformly or even pointwise to any limit (uniform convergence is stronger — more restrictive — than pointwise). This is why it is reasonable that the F_n curve length stays 2 throughout the exercise.

Note: if the derivatives f_n were converging to f_0=(F_0)'=0 pointwise while staying bounded, then the curve lengths of F_n would converge to sqrt(2), the curve length of F_0. This is called "dominated convergence theorem" for integrals — point being that the curve length of F_n is an integral of sqrt(1+f_n^2). But there is no pointwise convergence, and no such implication.

Finally, you may be curious as to whether there is a sense in which f_n converge to f_0=0 — does all that flipping back and forth amount to some way of converging to zero? Turns out yes! It is called weak* (weak-star) convergence and it applies to f_n if you think of them as measures (or distributions) — that is, if instead of pointwise evaluation you characterize f_n by the way they act on test functions by integration: instead of computing f_n(x) you multiply f_n * phi and integrate. Phi has to be a continuous function. Under this notion of evaluation, f_n do converge to zero.

Edit: typos.
One uses my data for ads, the other has concentration camps, stamps out democracy, and oppresses both my religion and the religion of others. I wonder which one I am more concerned about.
You should use long, and don't ever assume it's exactly 32-bits. The fixed size types are often an overused crutch that hampers future portability.
Sounds like the EU needs to increase the fines.
Couldn't the attacker evade that by sending Referrer-Policy: no-referrer with their redirect?
How are you shorting bitcoin? What is your margin? What was your entry price?
It's Fun to Work on CI
Yes, but the plot twist is that they can and likely will ship in more H1Bs than ever to push down the market price for skilled labor.
There was the "not-invented-here" syndrome, I think that Rust (cargo), Python (pypi) and Javascript (npm) push to the other extreme.

If you ship a library, you are responsible for its security. If you dynamically link to a library you don't ship, then it's not your problem anymore (someone else is shipping it). I think we tend to forget that: shared libraries have advantages in terms of security.

And whether you ship the dependency or not, you should be ready to replace it or maintain it yourself. Too many projects depend on a project they don't understand, and get screwed down the line because it becomes unmaintained. Many times it's actually better to write the code you need than to depend on a third-party you don't understand.
The NFL theorem (for optimization) has a mathematical proof, FYI. But I agree that there's a lot of room for interpretation.
What I'm most curious about is how they were able to spoof the email being sent from `workspace-noreply@google.com`. Given the odd phrasing of 'password for important.g.co', perhaps this is some strategy involving creating a 'parallel' account with the same email and making use of it to send an official-looking email as part of the scam?
We're still waiting guidance as to whether this applies just to remote work or if it includes telework. (A few years ago, we were told that the difference was remote workers worked completely remote; but, teleworkers have a cubicle or office.) The Executive Order says "remote work arrangements"; but, it then says. "require employees to return to work in-person at their respective duty stations on a full-time basis" Most of our personnel telework one, sometimes two, days per week. We do have a couple of remote workers, who are military spouses and they're wondering if that falls under the possible exemptions.
> But the approach is also the riskiest

Honestly in open source I'd argue it's not. If an OSS project has significant usage, if BDFL struggles/etc - community forks can put the project back on pace. NeoVim is the classic (successful) example that gave us a great alternative while also nudging the BDFL into the modern age.
Proved again, you can just do things.
> Is this not the case as you see it?

Yeah I see it your way. Perimeter doesn't change, but the area does.

But it's not a triangle. For instance, the internal angles don't add up to 180, and they never tend to either as you fold more and more.
One of the many reasons we need unions. The collective bargaining agreement I work under requires just cause for termination and prohibits the employer from using information gathered through surveillance to make that just cause case.

"[Employer] shall not use Remote Desktop Software to surveil Employees for the purpose of evaluating an Employee’s work product (i.e., job duties assigned to the Employees), the time it took for the Employees to complete their work, or disciplining an Employee for engaging in protected concerted activity."

"Remote Desktop Software shall include software or software configurations that allow for the examination, in real time or after the fact, of an Employee’s activities on a computer, including but not limited to the examination of the Employee’s use of computer peripherals (such as mice and other pointing devices, keyboards and other text entry devices, cameras, and microphones)."
Over-barreling in video games [video]
Back 20 or more years ago I used to do a lot of rec math competition programming and found that the metrowerks c++ compiler made massively faster programs than gcc, vsstudio, intel and everything else I tried then.

This seemed to be simply down to variable alignment; the programs took more memory but ran much faster, particularly multi-core (which was still high end then).

And this was on x86 where metrowerks weren't really competing, and was probably accidental. But the programs it compiled were fast.

I'd be surprised if anyone even knew that metrowerks had a c++ compiler on x86 on windows. At the time metrowerks were on the tail end of their domination of mac compilers from before mac ran on x86.
Terminals are a good example of something that seems really simple but is a major PITA because of too many different vendors in the early days, and no industry standard emerged. What is the closest thing? VT100? VT102? I mostly write raw to those, but stuff like terminal size and various other features like raw (non-cooked) mode are crappy and require ioctl's and such. Frankly, it sucks.

...but the libraries suck even more! If you don't want to link against ncurses then may God have mercy on your soul.
whats your take on handling log compaction to prevent unbounded growth, especially in systems with high write throughput?
The civilian government agencies spent 248B on contract services in 2023 [1]. Not all of that was professional services, but I expect that we will see an increase in that number as more services are contracted out and a decrease in direct government workforce; a government contractor can still work remotely.

[1] https://files.gao.gov/multimedia/Federal_Government_Contract...
Little Snitch feature nobody knows about
Not OP. But we all have different motivating factors each with their own level of efficacy.

As someone with ADHD (and who knows what else), I've found it very helpful to have some sort of colleague or peer or "boss"-type supervision or nudging, and I say this as a "high performer" if we want to use that term. This kind of motivation is almost non-existent in a WFH context as check ins and other such regular interactions are very high-pressure.
Show HN: Snap Scope – Visualize Lens Focal Length Distribution from EXIF Data
Hey HN, I built this tool because I wanted to understand which focal lengths I actually use when taking photos. It's a web app that analyzes EXIF data to visualize focal length distribution patterns.

While it's admittedly niche (focused specifically on photography), I think it could be useful for photographers trying to understand their lens usage patterns or making decisions about lens purchases.

Features: Client-side EXIF data processing (no server uploads/tracking) / Handles thousands of photos at once / Clean visualization with shareable summaries

This tool supports most RAW formats, but you might occasionally encounter files where EXIF extraction fails. In such cases, converting to more common formats like JPEG usually resolves the issue.

Try it out: https://snap-scope.shj.rip/?lng=en

Source: https://github.com/Gumball12/snap-scope
Employers, government or not, still wield far too much power over the personal lives of employees. I think it is rather meaningless to try and understand why RTO is en vogue now.

Why is the discussion so rarely focused on the fact that your boss can demand that you uplift your life or else you're fired, immediately and with impunity, and what you have to say about it means absolutely nothing?

Maybe I am baffled by this because I live and work in Europe where the relationship is a bit better (though I am not sure for how much longer it will remain as such). Americans seem very content to allow this behavior as normal because, obviously, other employees (but not me, I am a great employee!) must serve their stakeholders better so we can gain every bit of efficiency and increase precious income in the economy.
> they expand into more products and markets.

That changes nothing about diminishing returns here.

Expanding into a market doesn’t dramatically increase the demand for products in that market. If Tesla started to make Hybrids they could sell more cars and employ more people, but other companies would experience fewer sales and thus cut back on staff.

Competition is great for overall productivity, but the gains aren’t magically spread evenly across the economy.

> expanding markets and increasing demands for labor.

Many industries like banking, mining, and farming have drastically cut back on labor. When the majority of those lost jobs were low skilled the productivity benefits allowed more high skilled labor to be employed. But specifically cut high skill labor and new jobs are less likely to also be high skill.
Scaling Ethereum in 2025 and Beyond
Joan Ocean Dolphin Connection – Web 1.0 design vibe with new age crystal healing
Show HN: Pick-a-Potty – A game based on the optimal urinal selection algorithm
A multiplayer strategy game based on the classic computer science problem of optimal urinal selection, built with React, TypeScript, and Tailwind.

Play against a friend and learn about spacing algorithms while competing to make the optimal choice.

Play here: https://pick-a-potty.vercel.app/
GitHub: https://github.com/abishekvenkat/pick-a-potty
> When Western brands came to China, they were forced to make joint ventures with local manufacturers.

No Western brands were forced to do anything. They could decide whether they wanted to enter the Chinese market or not. The companies that decided to enter the market under these conditions did so because they calculated that it would pay off. For many European companies, it paid off massively over decades.

> The entire exercise ended up being a lark disguising a massive technology transfer.

It wasn't "disguised." That was the purpose of the policy, and even the WTO says that technology transfer agreements are an acceptable development tool. China was a poor country that was trading market access and cheap labor for technology. The trade made economic sense for both sides - China and the Western firms.

But that technology transfer turned out to be insufficient to make Chinese car manufacturers technologically competitive with the West. They never caught up in conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. They ended up leapfrogging Western manufacturers by going all-in on a new technology: EVs.

> Effectively these cars are being "dumped" on the market at an overall loss.

Chinese EVs are being sold at a significant markup in Europe, not at a loss. Dumping requires that you sell the same good at a lower price in foreign markets than locally, but that's the exact opposite of what China is doing. The EV market is much more competitive in China than in Europe, so Chinese manufacturers have to compete much more aggressively on price inside China. When they export to Europe, they sell at a significantly higher price. They're trying to rake in profits in Europe, not flood the market at a loss.
Even though Trump was there for the stargate announcement, there are no government funds involved.

But why is Stargate controversial? If private companies want to spend $500 billion, why should we care? Yes I know part of it is debt financing.

But back to your point, look at the all of the wasteful military bases in the US and weapons programs that the military brass keeps trying to get rid of but the civilian leadership keeps blocking because of civilian job loss in thier districts.

Follow the money.
Don't Get Technatal (1939)
The last U.S election disagrees with your demographics prediction.
I'm not saying you're definitely wrong about the future, no one knows and we're all horrible at predicting things, but this maximalist view of yours (And many people in the extreme left) is pushing the Palestinians to a zero sum game where they keep losing.
I don't know the mechanics, but my understanding is that such a water fast also permanently alters your digestion and metabolism.

A (logical extreme) example I was thinking of counterig with: if you eat 500,000 calories in 24 hours on the first of the year, and nothing else for the rest of it, you'll achieve a 1,350 calorie/day average, certainly enough to lose a significant amount of weight. And you will! Because your stomach will have ruptured and you'll be dead by the 2nd. Rotting is one way to burn calories. (I mention this to illustrate how focusing solely on the numbers, to the detriment of the actual lived quality of life during the weight management process, misses the forest for the trees.)
Nice question! Restate is not a log that retains the raw events for a long time - conceptually just until they where processed by the handlers, DB, locking, etc.

When you build stateful handlers, the state per key is in the internal DB, and that get's you a similar effect to log compaction, i.e., retain one value per key.
Does anyone else experience site disappearing on scroll?
Exactly this. You want logging in Rust? You will need at least `log` and another logger crate, for example `env_logger`, maybe the `dotenvy` crate to read `.env` files automatically, you already have 3 direct dependencies + all the transitive ones.

In Go: https://pkg.go.dev/log
I assume slowly over time Neovim will just win over vim because of this. I do want to say its much more capable than the original vim, I don't know that vim has a headless mode or that it intends on it, but Neovim has that, plus it can essentially let you write plugins in any language with its plugin RPC protocol. So if you want a plugin that targets your language you can leverage existing libraries that directly support your language instead of writing it all from scratch in Vimscript.
This amendment won’t be passed, it is just some congressman sucking up to Trump (or Trump’s supporters).
This was vaguely my take away from the article: It's not that his replacements are simpler because they're better or made by him. They're simpler because they're only handling his use-cases.

Sometimes - that's fine.

Sometimes - that's making his software worse for folks who have different use-cases, or are running on systems he doesn't understand or use himself.

The real value of a library, even with all those dependencies (and to be clear, I disagree that 3 or 4 dependencies for a library that runs across windows/linux is "all that many", esp when his platform specific implementation still uses at least 1), is that it turns out even relatively simple problems have a wealth of complexity to them. The person who's job it is to write that library is going to be more experienced in the subject domain than you (at least in the good cases) and they can deal with it. Most importantly - they can deal with your unknown, unknowns. The places you don't even have the experience to know you're missing information.
a.k.a. quality vs productivity. And as you said, the second gets all the glory.
Another commenter claims that the iron used was all mined and refined nearby. I cannot verify this claim, but I'll accept it as likely true.

Thus I will relax my criticism of using iron. If that was available nearby of course it would be used. Though I'm only relaxing as I still suspect they are using late 1800's refining to get the amount of steel needed for the chisels. (the hammers could still be pure iron - we don't see heat treatment used on them, and in any case hitting hardened steel on hardened steel will cause something to break). (case hardening would have been known in the 13th century and result in the needed steel, but that heat treats differently so I'm not sure what would have been used).

However even if good ore is found nearby, refining it takes a lot of energy (read wood) and so I would expect they avoid using iron just because of the amount of additional labor to make it.

Speaking of wood. Their blacksmith appears to be using coal not charcoal. This isn't clear, but they probably should be making the charcoal for the blacksmith onsite not using coal. Coal wasn't very important until 17th century England.

While I'm at it, I just noticed their great tower is round. I'm not sure if that would be correct. A cannon was becoming advanced enough to need round towers in the 13th century, but I'm not sure of the timelines, and the thickness of the walls matter. The Chinese built thicker walled castle and so they didn't see gunpoweder/canons as useful tools, but European castle walls were often (not always!) thin enough that a cannon could destroy them. Thicker walls would have then been used for castles in response, and also round towers so that the stones beside could help take the impact of a cannonball that otherwise would go through.

Speaking of stone. Odds are the small local lord would have built their castle out of wood not stone. Wood would have been much less likely to survive to today so we see ruins of stone castles while the wood burned or rotted away.
Life, Love, Happiness and JSON-LD: A Personal Branding Success Story
Hiking video included :)
This will become a savings play in the long run. Forced RTO has generally been considered a headcount reduction approach, which checks out with new administrative direction. After RTO stabilizes, its likely the office assets will be optimized to minimize wasted office space.
It's easy to have the highest growth if you start from nowhere - when somebody quotes growth you should instantly be on guard for BS. For example the US could have gone from 1000 to 1020, and China from 200 to 220 - focusing on the larger percentage increase from China is rather missing the point.

You are also forgetting total carbon emissions over the lifetime of a country - developed countries are responsible for a lot of the carbon in the atmosphere - and while developing countries might be catching up in day to day emissions they are nowhere in catching up in total emissions.
Thanks for this, it's helpful. Totally heard about O_APPEND and read() returning -EACCESS. The other ones, I agree, should be fixed in later versions of the Linux kernel/NFS client.
> But when you end up using one function, but you compile hundreds, some alarm bell should go off.

About a year ago I ran a project to update 3rd party dependencies.

One of the dependencies was a rich math library, full of all kinds of mathematical functions.

I did a little bit of digging, and we were only using one single method, to find the median of a list.

I pointed the engineer to the Wikipedia page and told him to eliminate the dependency and write a single method to perform the mathematical operation.

---

But, IMO, the real issue isn't using 3rd party dependencies: It's that we need a concept of pulling in a narrow slice of a library. If I just need a small part of a giant library, why do I have to pull in the whole thing? I think I've heard someone propose "microframeworks" as a way to do this.
The biggest issue I've seen in AI app development is the overuse of models that are poorly suited and oftentimes too expensive for the app's purpose. To aid app developers in choosing models I've created an interactive app, which walks you through how to identify leaderboards that compare the models you should be considering.
Threlte 8
A metric that I would like to focus in is dependency depth. We had this with the OSI model way back, but at this point it seems that anything beyond layer 7 just gets bucketed into 8+.

We need to know if a dependency is level 1 or level 2 or level 3 or 45. And we need to know what the deepest dependency on our project is. I might be naive, but I think we should strive to reduce the depth of the dependency graph and maybe aim for like 4 or 5 layers deep for a web app, tops.
It might be a bad choice on rust's part.

IMO they should over time fold whatever ends up being the de-facto choice for things into the standard library. Otherwise this will forever be a barrier to entry, and a constant churn as ever new fashionable libraries to do the same basic thing pops up.

You don't need a dozen regex libraries, you just need one that's stable, widely used and likely to remain so.
> unless the BDFL is a complete ass of course.

I think in the case of Linus, you REALLY have to be strict. I mean, its arguably one of if not the most used pieces of software deployed in enterprise and globally for all manner of use cases.
The parent comment you responded to was respectful and thoughtful, progressing the conversation in accordance to HN guidelines.

> I know you may struggle with this because the American education system is awful

This part undermines your whole comment by coming across as an insult rather than contributing meaningfully to the conversation. This is interpreted that the parent commenter lacks intelligence due to their awful American education, which is not productive at all.

While I understand that topics like this one can be emotionally charged, I encourage you to communicate in a more respectful manner in the future. It will help your perspective be heard more clearly.
Do you mean pointers returned by getenv() ? Those could point to thread-local buffers that data gets copied into when getenv() is called.
High performance isn't just about quantity.

Even a 1_000_000_000 monkeys will never realistically write so much as a limerick.
Companies are more likely to reward engineers than scold them for pulling in that new “shiny library” that solves the problem they never actually had.

Perhaps I’m sheltered: is this really true in people’s experience?
Functions that fit on a page should usually be published as sample code rather than gems / crates / whatever.
This resonates with my experience. Use LLMs for feature engineering, then use traditional ML for your inference models.
What you're describing has a simple explanation. It's possible to fit more edge length in less space by scrunching it up.
Bitcoin is terrible for the environment and impractical for everyday transactions. If I want to buy a cup of coffee am I supposed to pay a $2 transaction fee and wait around for ten minutes for the transaction to complete?
Press Button, Receive Slop