skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Part of the argument for electric is that you are not paying for oil changes and other routine maintenance that gas cars require.

The two options for a hydrogen car are: (1) ordinary internal combustion engine and (2) fuel cell.

(1) is an off the shelf technology but is not very fuel efficient and not perfectly clean. You don't get CO2 or CO or hydrocarbons but you still get oxides of nitrogen; hydrocarbons + nitrogen oxides + sunlight = photochemical smog, you can never get hydrocarbons to zero because there are natural sources (Reagan used to say "trees pollute") so lowering NO is important.

(2) gets better fuel efficiency which improves range by countering the low density of every form of hydrogen storage; it's not a mature technology, it combines some of the difficult aspects of the ICE (from an Ashby [1] perspective it has all the functions of an ICE including fuel supply, air supply, cooling [2], exhaust removal [3][4]) plus it has the electrochemical problems a battery has.

[1] https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27150

[2] actually harder because the fuel cell operates a lower temperature!

[3] it's probably not running hot enough to remove water as vapor, if you can't remove the liquid fast enough the fuel cell it will clog up

[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics was introduced to make it possible to maintain the complex emissions controls system; an ICE could be simpler if it didn't run under a strict pollution control regime, but a fuel cell needs a control system like that just to run reliably
Yeah I don’t understand why
100%. You need informed human actors generating "valuable" prompts.
It's not even that, it's that Android TV/Google TV devices even when not using smart features have slow and laggy basic features like volume control.

It just seems like it's software that was shoehorned into a place where it doesn't fit well IMO.
As I recall EVs (generalizing) require maintenance less often, but the maintenance is expensive comparatively. I suspect it varies significantly by brand in reality.
I really wish there was an easy way to backup Google Photos. I like it but I don't relying on them for backup.
> I'm increasingly convinced this is a generational thing

Begs the question, what generation are you part of then?

I'm millennial I guess (born early 90s), and I also try to keep my tank somewhat topped up in case I have to go somewhere quickly were I wouldn't have time to hunt down a gas-station to refill at on the way.

I wouldn't flip out if it wasn't though, and plenty of times my tank been close to empty before taking my ass to a gas-station, just the general idea to keep the tank somewhat non-empty.
And when NBC finally decided to issue a DMCA takedown months later, Youtube immediately complied. Because that is what the US has decided is the law around user-generated content. NBC had it up for free on iTunes and let it stay up on Youtube because it brought attention to SNL, until someone in NBC's legal or C-suite won some internal fight.
> People get mad that when there's an oil shortage, that oil companies raise prices above the cost of production

It's a bit different when they all (i.e. cartel) agree to keep the same price even after the shock has passed, isn't it?
It might be a reasonable ask for an LLM to 'remember' the endgame tablebase of solved games - which is less than a GB for all game with five or less pieces on the board. This puzzle specifically relies on this knowledge and the knowledge of how the chess pieces move.
> Like, how do you make sure that you don't hold any dangling references to a vector that reallocated?

So, I'll first nitpick and say that's not a problem with pointer tracking.

To answer the question, though:

When I'm writing a function which receives a reference to a vector, then - either it's a const reference, in which case I don't change it, or it's a non-const reference, in which case I can safely assume I'm allowed to change it - but I can't keep any references or pointers into it, or iterators from it etc. I also expect and rely on functions that I call with a non-const reference to that vector, to act the same.

And when I create a vector, I just rely on the above in functions I call.

This is not some gamble. It's how C++ code is written. Yes, you can write code which breaks that principle if you like, but - I don't, and library authors don't.

> How do you make sure that code that needs synchronization is synchronized?

You mean, synchronization between threads which work on the same data? There's no one answer for that. It depends. If you want to be super-safe, you don't let your threads know about another other than multithread-aware data structures, whose methods ensure synchronization. Like a concurrent queue or map or something. If it's something more performance-critical whether synchronization is too expensive, then you might work out when/where it's safe for the threads to work on the same data, and keep the synchronization to a minimum. Which is kind of like unsafe Rust, I imagine. But it's true that it's pretty easy to ignore synchronization and just "let it rip", and C++ will not warn you about doing that. Still, you won't enter that danger zone unless you've explicitly decided to do multithreaded work.

About the Rust side of things... isn't it Turing-complete to know whether, and when, threads need to synchronize? I'm guessing that safe Rust demands that you not share data which has unsynchronized access, between threads.

> the answer to all of those questions is to either use some special api that you have to know about

C++ language features and standard library facilities are a "special API" that you have to know about. But then, so are raw pointers. A novice C++ programming student might not even be taught about using them until late in their first programming course.

My main point was, that if you talk about "C/C++ progamming", then you will necessarily not use most of those language features and facilities - which are commonly used in modern code and can keep you safe. You would be writing C-like code, and will have to be very careful (or reinvent the wheel, creating such mechanisms yourself).
Same with my 2016. I am so sad Honda discontinued that model.
absolutely right.
The direct fix is not that hard. I’m pretty sure the laws are already there, they just need to be used. Block mergers that create companies with massive market share. Break up monopolies. Severely punish price fixing.

The real question is, why doesn’t this happen? And answering that gets you to the real, difficult problem: the government doesn’t want to do these things because the government chiefly operates to serve the rich and powerful. Solving that is quite difficult indeed.
The end doesn’t justify the means. And for half of your examples, one could debate the end being a good thing in the first place.
The map shows the capacity of waterways. Down the Danube, across the Mediterranean and the ocean, up the Rhine, and only a few kilometers of road.
“Simplified desktop”…go to their website, literally no pictures of the desktop interface (at least on mobile).

Everyone who makes software, always follow this formula on your homepage: clearly state what problem exists without your software, show your software, clearly state what problems go away with your software, then describe its actual features
> That's because most crimes "individuals" do are straightforwardly illegal and easy to prosecute, whereas the "crime if a corporation does it" are not

Maybe that’s something that should be adjusted by a legislative body.

Crimes are only “easy” or “difficult” to prosecute because of the laws as they’re written.
> That's because most crimes "individuals" do are straightforwardly illegal and easy to prosecute, whereas the "crime if a corporation does it" are not. I

Yes, but why are individual crimes easy to prosecute and corporate crimes not. These are not things that just popped into being like a thunderstorm. They are a part of an economic and social system that makes things in such way.
It's possible to save pension by investing without pension funds. However the trick is that most pension funds are underfunded and run like a Ponzi, thus constantly need larger and larger group of young people to fund them. If and when this system collapses is going to hurt the government and that's why the encounrage to keep the Ponzi going.
Continue [0] is open source and supports local models. I still haven't found time to try it out yet. If you host it in VSCodium [1], you would have pretty much what you asked for.

[0] https://www.continue.dev/

[1] https://vscodium.com/
The effect on society and the human psyche when political discussions are stripped away from forums is chilling. Internet forums and IRC channels, in their peak, welcomed discussions like these. If you didn’t like it then you don’t click on the clearly political topics. This is hurt even more by forums being turned into feeds that pander into a single category and into businesses where profit, and agreeableness, must come at all cost.
Funny how people differ in that regard.

It's the absolute worst controller I've ever used (Joy-Cons are a close second).

I didn't use it because I hated it so much, put it straight back in the box after a few days of trying to use it and eventually I sold it for as much as I paid, and I was glad to see the back of it.

The size/shape of the controller as a whole was fantastic but I just really hated only having touchpads instead of sticks, and that made it unusable.
I've seen a Mirai release a small amount of liquid water before. It could indeed be an issue.
CopyAI – One-click to copy a similar picture and gain traffic
Firstly, I love that website. It's simple and informative.

I don't the average mileage or a hydrogen vehicle nor tank size, so I'll take your word on that. Using your numbers and the map I plotted a route that does get you from San Diego to the Oregon border. But you will need a tow truck to meet you at the end, because there would not be enough fuel to get you back to Sacramento.

https://maps.app.goo.gl/p5tgvAkErktL7LTF6
> I'm increasingly convinced this is a generational thing

You are taking about gas cars, though. Nobody, of any generation, has "range anxiety" in a gas car. People might be afraid they will hit empty, or not trust their fuel gauge, but that's not "range anxiety" that's "running out of gas is a PITA". Those things are different, one is a commonplace that has always been true and the other is new and EV-specific for good reason.

An EV is much harder to recover from an empty battery than an ICE car is from an empty tank. There is no red jerry can you can fill that will give an EV the 10-30 miles you get from a gallon of gas, and there is no guarantee that a refueling station is close by and conveniently located. And ofc if your EV is empty, it will take hours to refill. Hence range anxiety.

I have an EV, I love it and have done 7 hour road trips with it no problem, but planning the battery charge level is something you have to think about in a way that is qualitatively different than with gas cars.
The article is pretty short on details unfortunately. Was hoping for more, because the topic sounds interesting.
That's a strange historical revisionism in Ukraine. Traditionally, Rus history is considered to begin with Ladoga, then Rurik moved to Novgorod, and only later his successors moved to Kiev.

Saying that one true Rus is Kiev and not Novgorod or Moskow is rather a modern Ukrainian national myth. All and neither were true Rus.
> Increase in money supply only causes inflation if the money is spent on purchases of items with inflated prices

The economy doesn’t work like that. You can’t inject money but only have it apply to specific sectors.

Everything is interconnected in the economy. If a lot of money comes into the market it will cause a lot of activity, changes in demand, new job openings that entice employees upward, increased wage demands for jobs, new hires requiring higher wages, rising costs to cover those wages, and the cycle goes on and on.

You can’t isolate the effects of inflation. At the scale of economies, inflation effects ripple through everything.

Also, eggs are a terrible indicator. Did everyone forget about the bird flu? It’s a supply problem.
> what generation are you part of then?

Millenial, too. The generations I observed this in are X to Boomer. What I'm getting at is the anxiety part of tank/range anxiety more than the behaviour. Like, if we're going to the supermarket (2 miles away), are on a time budget, the car has 50+ miles of gas in it, and there are multiple stations a mile away, filling up isn't a priority.
The only things I know of are:

1) You have to pay a lot to swap the main battery (but if this is amortized over the lifetime of the battery the argument falls apart.)

2) Tires, because most EV’s have supercar-level zero-to-sixty times.

Fuel cell cars probably accelerate worse (it’s not fundamental, but the fuel cell is sized for wattage, so better zero to sixty is expensive), and, I think the fuel cell components would be cheaper than a battery.

Having said that, all the high pressure storage tanks I own have limited lifespans, and I’m not sure how much it costs to replace that part of a fuel cell car.
Yep, $150 in 1986 https://christmas.musetechnical.com/ShowCatalogPage/1986-Sea...
>Some law enforcement agencies use "stingrays," devices which can impersonate a cell tower to track visitors to an area. While the capabilities of the most modern ones isn't fully known, you should definitely protect yourself from the subset of stingrays which abuse the lower security standards of older, 2G networks.

Good tip! I didn't know about disabling 2G support on my phone.
More complex law is something what is absolutely needed.
I keep hoping that the amazing engineering feats going into this boondoggle will be applied to applications where hydrogen is visble, e.g. larger vehicles.
It doesn't know about yt-dlp?
Does anyone still use these Latin terms? When I went to school in the 90s and early 00s we just counted from 1st to 12 and university just was it's own thing and how many semesters you were in didn't matter that much because there was no class structure.
> Don't blame the potato theives or potato cartels, blame the politicians that built the system to work this way.

The potato cartels are controlling the politicians. They are directly to blame.

Get rid of the super-rich and we will get politicians that work for the public instead of the super-rich.
Avoid Lazy Loading Entities in Asp.net Applications
Interesting thinking. Curious––what would you want to "edit" in the thought process if you had access to it? or would you just want/expect transparency and a feedback loop?
Share buybacks and dividends exist and are used in the approx same ratio, so it's probably incorrect to say most profits. Also buybacks do not change the pool of dividend receivers.
The top three largest supercomputers in the world are located at Lawrence Livermore Labs, Oak Ridges Labs, and Argonne Labs. Each of them provides an architecture that's ideal for running AI.

One can't help wondering what kinds of classified AI results the US military is getting when running on El Capitan.
This accusation that American models are somehow equivalent in censorship to models that are subject to explicit government driven censorship is obviously nonsense, but is a common line parroted by astroturfing accounts looking to boost China or DeepSeek. Some other comment had pointed out that a bunch of relatively new accounts participating in DeepSeek related discussions here, on Reddit, and elsewhere are doing this.
I think Round may be invalid but in any case I would not have gotten it.
Show HN!
Architect Modern Web Applications with Asp.net Core and Azure
I've disassembled LOTS of devices in my time, and never knew this was a feature that could be used after the initial purchase.

For some years now I've known certain devices like laptops won't power on when bought until first plugged in, but I didn't realise that it could be enabled intentionally after the fact.

Typically the first thing I do when I open a device is remove the battery, so accidental button presses (like i-fixit lists) as the reason for it are a non-issue.
Big banks role in 2008 financial crisis.
Facebook fines from FTC regarding user privacy.

But your point shows the asymmetry in the system. Most thieves don't get to argue costs of goods stolen vs. sticker price of goods stolen and then get to reach a cushy settlement because the government is scared of losing a protracted battle.
I really like https://immich.app/

Has auto backup on the mobile apps, great webUI, multi user, face recognition and search all done locally.

Then for local and cloud backup you can use your preferred software like Restic or whatever you like.
Ask HN: Personalize LLM by fine-tuning it regularly with conversation history?
Assuming it runs locally, would it be possible to fine-tune an open source CoT LLM (e.g. deepseek r1) regularly / incrementally based on conversation history? Is it still possible with distilled models?

Background (please correct if I am wrong): computational inference costs go up (linearly to quadratically) with context size. Therefore, it's costly to accumulate information in the context. By fine-tuning the model regularly it will "learn" and adapt to the user or to a specific task. One could e.g. fine-tune overnight using unused computational power.
Thanks.
Your theory ignores that Toyota pushes Hybrids over both Hydrogen and BEV. Hybrids are more complex than either BEV or ICE.

Your point about ICE being lower maintenance also has some issues. BEV have way fewer moving parts and therefore require significantly less maintenance.

The parts that are likely to break on an EV are largely mechanically similar to an ICE (anything in the wheel well assemblies) or in terms of body construction, physically similar to the same generation of ICE.

A lot of people look at the cost of new EVs and their repair parts but compare against older ICE vehicles that haven’t moved to the same construction methods. Newer ICE vehicles are mostly the same cost to replace parts.

Beyond that, Hydrogen fuelled cars are mechanically more complex than BEV, while still being harder to repair than your age of ICE
> Otherwise why would you need a human to do skillful prompting? Why can't the AI just solve it on its own?

Solve what? It needs to understand what you want, that's what skillful prompting is for.
Most crimes done by individuals are intentional. That is most often not the case with corporations. Intentionality is an important requirement in most crimes.

That doest mean that there isn't plenty of room for more centralized civil protections against negligence and recklessness.
Meta’s AI org does a heck of a lot more than produce LLM’s. R&D on ads targeting and ranking more than pays for itself.
> To train DeepSeek-R1-Zero, we adopt a rule-based reward system that mainly consists of two
types of rewards:

> Accuracy rewards: The accuracy reward model evaluates whether the response is correct. For example, in the case of math problems with deterministic results, the model is required to provide the final answer in a specified format (e.g., within a box), enabling reliable rule-based verification of correctness. Similarly, for LeetCode problems, a compiler can be used to generate feedback based on predefined test cases.

> Format rewards: In addition to the accuracy reward model, we employ a format reward model that enforces the model to put its thinking process between ‘<think>’ and ‘</think>’ tags.

This is a post-training step to align an existing pretrained LLM. The state space is the set of all possible contexts, and the action space is the set of tokens in the vocabulary. The training data is a set of math/programming questions with unambiguous and easily verifiable right and wrong answers. RL is used to tweak the model's output logits to pick tokens that are likely to lead to a correctly formatted right answer.

(Not an expert, this is my understanding from reading the paper.)
Is this about CBP1?
A charitable reading of that would be shareholders who have enough sway to push corporate action. Boards, really.
> paid service

What's new section says:

App Changes

Moved web hosted version to graphicscodex.com, made access free for everyone.
Many states have laws preventing direct to customer selling. Tesla works around this by just not selling in those states. If you live in one of those states and want to buy a Tesla, you pick it up in a neighboring state that does allow direct sales. Or these days they may have a better workaround where the car is officially purchased elsewhere but you don’t have to physically travel there. This is totally above-board since states are not allowed to regulate interstate commerce, so state laws against direct sales necessarily can only apply within the state.
One thing I’m hoping we see: as laws become more tech-driven, perhaps we can compile them from a (more) formal model of sorts. If we can open these up too, then we can get laws which express the cost functions more directly.

A big problem I see is that laws are too often uni-directional, “lack of x is bad so restrict y”, and then break decades later when we have the opposite problem (“too much x, maybe y is good right now”).

Maybe I’m expecting too much here, but I think the process of authoring AI laws will likely include more modeling, having the AI predict outcomes, and ensuring that they agree with what you intend.

(It’s the alignment problem in microcosm; legislators will immediately be unable to tell if an AI law does what they asked, so for such tools to be trusted more validation modalities will be needed.)
P vs. NP Explained (2014)
Uh, their house guests clearly do. -- "I've had houseguests, on the other hand, who start literally flipping out if the tank goes below a quarter full."

Quarter tank is easily 50-100 miles depending on the car. I swear, I'd have to go out of my way to travel that far without accidentally passing a gas station.
If you're attending a large-scale protest, it's likely that the cell-towers (or stingrays) won't be able to handle everyone who is connected anyways, so worth planning to use apps that can chat over P2P WiFi or Bluetooth together with the rest of your friends. This also allows you to continue using Airplane Mode the entire time, while being able to communicate with people nearby.

Alternatively, investing in walkie-talkies that have encryption can be worth it as well, but unsure how legal they are around the world, think some countries put restrictions on those so you might have to acquire them while vacationing somewhere else.

It's mentioned in the body of the article, but get the feeling most people could miss it: Absolute best idea is to leave your "personal" phone at home! Either get a secondary (burner) phone with nothing useful on it and no real names, or skip out on the phone fully. If you do get a secondary phone, make sure it has a removable battery and keep it out from the phone until you arrive at location and as soon as you move, remove battery again.
The panic is because a lot of beliefs have been challenged by r1 and those who made investments on these beliefs will now face losses
> If you lose your phone, you may be able to locate or wipe your phone remotely depending on the model...

> Please be aware of the legal consequences of these actions. Wiping your device or revoking online account access could lead to obstruction of justice or destruction of evidence charges in some jurisdictions.

This can be really serious. It is far better to never have/collect/obtain data in the first place.
To continue the analogy, if a dog is aggressive and hurts people it gets put down, why not put down the corporation?
if there's clear evidence to this, it's illegal
While this is interesting it would be more trustworthy if, when you clicked a name, it showed you evidence for why the site thinks they are inactive. A founder quote, a date, a news story, something. Right now, aside from the title, it's no different from a list of active YC companies.