skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The JSON format this outputs is interesting - it looks similar to regular chat responses but includes additional citation reference blocks like this:

{
"id": "msg_01P3zs4aYz2Baebumm4Fejoi",
"content": [
{
"text": "Based on the document, here are the key trends in AI/LLMs from 2024:\n\n1. Breaking the GPT-4 Barrier:\n",
"type": "text"
},
{
"citations": [
{
"cited_text": "I\u2019m relieved that this has changed completely in the past twelve months. 18 organizations now have models on the Chatbot Arena Leaderboard that rank higher than the original GPT-4 from March 2023 (GPT-4-0314 on the board)\u201470 models in total.\n\n",
"document_index": 0,
"document_title": "My Document",
"end_char_index": 531,
"start_char_index": 288,
"type": "char_location"
}
],
"text": "The GPT-4 barrier was completely broken, with 18 organizations now having models that rank higher than the original GPT-4 from March 2023, with 70 models in total surpassing it.",
"type": "text"
},
{
"text": "\n\n2. Increased Context Lengths:\n",
"type": "text"
},
{
"citations": [
{
"cited_text": "Gemini 1.5 Pro also illustrated one of the key themes of 2024: increased context lengths. Last year most models accepted 4,096 or 8,192 tokens, with the notable exception of Claude 2.1 which accepted 200,000. Today every serious provider has a 100,000+ token model, and Google\u2019s Gemini series accepts up to 2 million.\n\n",
"document_index": 0,
"document_title": "My Document",
"end_char_index": 1680,
"start_char_index": 1361,
"type": "char_location"
}
],
"text": "A major theme was increased context lengths. While last year most models accepted 4,096 or 8,192 tokens (with Claude 2.1 accepting 200,000), today every serious provider has a 100,000+ token model, and Google's Gemini series accepts up to 2 million.",
"type": "text"
},
{
"text": "\n\n3. Price Crashes:\n",
"type": "text"
},

I got Claude to build me a little debugging tool to help render that format: https://tools.simonwillison.net/render-claude-citations
I should not have implied that every bug report would be a bad interaction - and to be fair where I've seen it degenerate in the mailing list, it's often the other person wasn't exactly civil to start with (which unfortunately includes Linus Torvalds). It's just that Kent seems to feel the need to fight back.
With regard to BeFS or BFS the native BeOS (and Haiku) filesystem.

The TSMU examples for mp3 files + VFS are similar to BeOS.

One of the BeOS advocates - Scott Hacker - created bash script for ripping CDs into MP3s called RipEnc. It would query the CDDB to get the metadata - track names/artists etc, so the files would be renamed from TRACK1 to e.g. "Dead Milkmen - Punk Rock Girl" for the CD. It would then convert the CD tracks to MP3 files. The metadata would be added both in the MP3 ID3 fields, as well as to the extended attributes of the files in BFS, and it would organize the music in folders by Artist or Album or something.

You could then have a query - a virtual folder/directory that lists files based on extended attributes - all mp3 files by ARTIST foo, and from ALBUM bar, that would stay updated if the file metadata changed. I can't remember if this virtual directory was available at the command line - or if it was only available in Tracker (the native BeOS/Haiku file manager).

The problem with this, and it's not just a BFS problem, is that the metadata in the file and about the file get can get un-synced, either when updating it, or transferring it to another system that doesn't support the extended attributes.
Or they think extensively about performance.

Regardless, the switch shows they pay attention and are willing to change.
Congratulations; really impressive.
Some of the AWS APIs work this way too. See for example the Cloudwatch API: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/APIRefer..., which is really JSON-RPC, not REST.
Some other options:

OpenRouter has similar features with any model that’s available on OpenRouter through open router billing

On the desktop, Msty can do this too
Indeed. I think a GPT-4o class model, properly prompted, would work just fine today. The trick is, unlike a human, the computer is free to just say "no" without consequences. The model could be aggressively prompted to detect and refuse weird orders. Having to escalate to a human supervisor (who conveniently is always busy doing other things and will come to you in a minute or three) should be sufficient at discouraging pranksters and fraudsters, while not annoying enough to deter normal customer.

(I say model, but for this problem I'd consider a pipeline where the powerful model is just parsing orders and formulating replies, while being sanity-checked by a cheaper model and some old-school logic to detect excessive amounts or unusual combinations. I'd also consider using "open source" model in place of GPT-4o, as open models allow doing "alignment" shenanigans in the latent space, instead of just in the prompts.)
That is gnarly. My iPhone tended to lock into one or the other, rotating the phone seemed to help it go one way or the other. But a couple times it did flash back and forth between the Mastadon and GitHub links.
I contacted support in 2021 as well, trying to regain access to my account made in 2010. They told me that they wouldn’t help me.
The trick is to attain leisure while also having the resources to live safely and comfortably.
Oh. I was just about to comment that it may be easier to understand what it does by decompiling the binary than by looking at the actual unreadable Bash language ;-)
>does a proxy also tend to encrypt the data streamed between it and the end user like a VPN service would?

It could, but it's not a hard requirement. A proxy server is just like any other server, encrypting the data en route is as desired.

A VPN encrypts data as a part of securing tunnels, but it's not a hard requirement there either. As long as two computers can communicate over private IP address ranges on a WAN, it's a VPN. The Private in VPN indicates the scope of the network, not whether any data within is immediately accessible.

See also: "Private" and "Public" IP address ranges.

>does the ISP have access to the information that's being accessed via the proxy?

The ISP providing internet to the proxy server will know what the proxy server requests and receives.

>It was my understanding that proxies tending to mask where a request came from but does nothing significant with the data between it and the requester.

Correct. Again, whether the data a proxy server receives and forwards was encrypted is tangential to the task of forwarding data.
I wonder if they will release a model with the same capacity platters, but only 1 or 2 platters, so its quiet and cool.
It's only been in the upstream kernel 6 months or so?

I know the FS has actually been around longer, but I've not heard claims about it's stability before that. It's only now that's it's getting a lot more testing
Honestly there are too many parts of what you wrote that I disagree with to bother writing much of a rebuttal. The people spoke about the border and other cultural issues. They spoke about the justice system and its targeting of Trump. You can be for strong borders and safe spaces for the majority of people without being for “dehumanizing” people. So that to me is disingenuous.

I’m not likely to change your mind on these things, so what I’ll say instead is to look at what he is actually doing geopolitically through the lens of a declining world, which is what we are about to be experiencing as literally every other port country in the world begins its population decline.
That's is what you call a bonafide conspiracy theory. "The democrats are trying to steal elections with illegal immigrant votes!" I'm not sure how to reply to that in a non-sarcastic way that would satisfy HN's guidelines.
Depends on the proxy. If you have an SSH server you can open a local socks5 proxy, that when configured in your browser sends all the traffic through your server. Since its a proxy over SSH it's all encrypted till your server, then whatever protocol the website uses.

VPNs are better (as in more ergonomic) in practice, since large sites tend to block access from known hosting providers (looking at YouTube not rendering video when accessed from a Hetzner server).
Ok, fair, 2000 wasn't that long ago. :D I was assuming it was a placeholder for "very distantly old humans."

Such that my question mostly still stands? Again, I'm largely inline with the view that this will be difficult to test. However, I'm also comfortable in saying that you can tell intelligence levels between people. Again, with a caveat that I don't think it is reducible to a single number. (Such that I think I also think it is fair to say most views of intelligence, in the colloquial sense, are not transitive.)

As an example, as much as I loved my grandparents, I have zero difficulty saying that a few of them would never be able to score as well on some problem solving tests as a few of the kids in the current generation. At the same time I know some people in their 80s that I will never be able to compare with. Again, I don't expect it is a straight line, along the time axis. I also don't know that I agree that every person 2000 years ago just didn't do calculus because they weren't taught it.
That looks a lot less robust than a lot of the ones on the market but also a lot easier to install. Might be a solid approach because the install is off-putting to very many people.
(Scroll up from the starting position to see the lenticular one)
Show HN: Start Speaking Japanese Now
My first contact with computing was a contemporary of the ZX80, the Grundy Newbrain (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundy_NewBrain), which my father used to repair. Primarily targetting the business market, it was a pretty powerful 'computer in a keyboard' like the Sinclairs, running a Zilog Z80 with 32KB(!) RAM in the base model, that could be expanded by adding another 64KB, which came in a box about the same size as the computer, and attached via a ribbon cable in the back. Another similar unit housed a disc controller and CP/M ROM, and daisy-chained off the other units using the same ribbon cable bus, allowing up to two 5.25" floppy drives to be attached. I had these three units stacked one on top of the other and it was like programming a shoe box.

A notable feature of one model was a 16-character vacuum fluorescent display built into the main unit, so you could in theory use it entirely without a separate screen, but more practically it was separately addressable and therefore presumably intended for displaying ancillary information.

Being a kid at the time I was very interested in gaming and I was lucky to have had quite a few including a great PacMan clone; one of the best was Peat: https://youtu.be/oGGjVMNTJlQ - water the plants, deal with the pests, harvest the carrots... fun times :-)
My assumption is that old grants so far will still get paid out but any new grants (vital to any biomedical/biotech research career) is effectively on pause because NIH study sections that evaluate grant applications are canceled.

If grants are not funded, then departments likely will not renew faculty contracts because they cannot keep the lights on (and if said faculty has tenure, they will likely cut junior faculty that don't have it)

Essentially an entire class year of biomedical research is on hold.
Is it actually all that patronizing to say "If your engineer really wants to work on something, you should probably let them"?
I am the same way with shooters: I play all games with inverted Y. It's just about personal preference and what you grew up playing. I believe the difference is whether you conceptualize mouse/joystick motions as moving your eyes vs pivoting your head.

normal: move joystick up = move eyes up

inverted: move joystick up = push top of head down
> it's very specifically used as "this belongs to that other group, nobody else can have it". And thus precludes any learning.

Nonsense. Whoever told you that was projecting.

Nothing precludes respectful collaboration and learning, eg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHgdrzgtBik and numerous other examples.

Worthy of note here is the Rolling Stones learnt about US "black music" from UK record stores, many run by former post WWII US servicemen who preferred the UK to the US South and Jamacian and Trinidadian musicians from the former British slave colonies.

They attended "black" clubs and jammed with black musicians .. they had an experience uncommon in US.
prob. not prof; just phd students needs pubs to graduate
Cars are rare in India. Motorcycles and cycles- you find them literally everywhere.
I find it unusual you have a device with a keyboard where the keyboard won't wake the computer. You must have some setting disabled for that to happen.
I have been keeping a running list of busybox/toybox deficiencies and differences. There are more than I would have expected.

An alternative is to use crunchgen from NetBSD (also included with some of the later BSDs) which crunches full-featured, source tree versions of multiple utilities in a single, static binary. What busybox refers to as a "multi-call" binary.

It will be larger than busybox of course. I get evertyhing I need in a binary less than 5M.
Same can be said to Linux Foundation. Instead of trying to improve the system some turn to boycotting, nothing improves.
Not for much longer, perhaps not even now. There's plenty of data avaliable to anyone, and people are finding ways to use that data more effectively.

Mid-term, I believe the only real moat is going to be human labor - that is, RLHF and other funny acronyms that boil down to getting people to chat with the model and rate how they feel about its answers.

Software improvements (architecture, training process, inference) are always one public paper or leak away from being available for free to anyone. Hardware improvements will spread too, because NVIDIA et al. would prefer to sell more chips than less chips. Meanwhile, human labor is notoriously expensive, only getting more expensive as economic conditions of people improve, and most importantly, whatever "spark" of human intelligence/consciousness there is, this is where it cannot be automated away - not until we get to human-level AGI.

Human labor is the one thing that you can only scale by throwing more money at it - which is why modern businesses seek to remove it from the equation as much as possible. Hell, the whole pursuit of AGI is in big part motivated by hope of eliminating labor costs entirely. Except, in this one pursuit, until AGI is reached, labor is a critical resource that has no substitute.

That's my mid-term prediction. Long-term, we'll hit AGI and moats won't matter anymore.
What’s the actual hit rate? AFAIU it’s plausible that an article title and PubMed ID could be encoded in the models weights if they were trained on.
With the current politics, how do you expect minorities to trust a product with their identity and (sometimes) life, if you can’t inspect what’s being done with your data?
I would probably not use such a tool today—though perhaps a younger me might have. How could an AI know what your purpose is? And what purpose is the right one? You are in essence describing religion—a very old tool indeed. And self-help books—not quite as old as religion but also an old tool.

If someone has to tell you your purpose it is not your purpose—it’s theirs. If someone tells you their purpose and you are convinced that it should be your own… well then it might honestly be your purpose. Or you’re doing that mirroring thing again that we social animals tend to do…

Personally I believe life has no inherent purpose. We’re a runaway chain reaction with physical and emotional needs that have been bred and trained into us. Accepting this is painful—especially if you’ve been raised in any sort of religion that preaches about God’s great plan for you and the “purpose of life”. But once you internalize this: you are free to make your own purpose—though naturally any purpose you choose that runs counter to your human nature will likely bring you sorrow.

One such tool I enjoyed years ago was reading “Man’s Search For Meaning” by Victor Frankl.
How about one in a 5.25" form factor which runs at 1800 RPM.
How quickly will AI improve?
It isn't really possible to learn calculation speed, learning is about memorising shortcuts and heuristics, or perhaps how to spot them. And training to avoid waste. Strategic questions.

Consider calculating 1+1*1*1*1*1*1*1*1... (= 2). It doesn't matter how quickly someone attempts to multiply an infinite number of 1s they will never succeed because infinity is too large. They have to notice a shortcut that lets them skip doing all the calculations. That shows the difference between calculation speed and happening upon a superior strategy.

But people who can calculate very quickly will have a lot of opportunities to come up with a successful strategy because they can try more in what time they have.
It's hard to discern whether you're misreading this whole thread on purpose or not. Nobody is claiming that trans content in general is NSFW, but that a certain subset of content therein, displayed openly on the site is -- which OP evidently agrees with. If you think OP is anti-trans, I don't know who you think is pro-.
I don't think I've read anything like it (and I read a lot of sci-fi). Margaret Atwood's Maddadam trilogy is probably the closest. KSR's "Ministry for the Future" also jumps to mind, though it's not nearly as big of a leap as Canticle. Also Neal Stephenson's "Seveneves" maybe. Some discussion here https://www.reddit.com/r/printSF/comments/iid8uf/recommend_p...
The Downfall of a US$78M/Yr Amazon Brand Due to Amazon Security Breach
Seeing as Hacker News is ostensibly composed largely of people in-the-know, we could certainly use appropriate terminology unlike the commons.
Here's the meat and potatoes, for anyone thinking of doing this themselves: <https://github.com/Trugamr/wol/blob/74753afa3052f8aed2b20517...>.
Indeed, and in my field, it even had a name: The "Birth Control Problem." In fact, the problem extends to post-docs. Professors were even training multiple post-docs. I saw that quite clearly.

I was lucky to have role models: My parents were both industrial scientists, so the idea wasn't foreign to me. And I figured that I could always become a coder if things didn't work out. ;-)

Re-reading, I may have been unclear: I meant that some people take temporary post-docs with no intention of staying in academia.
I need to revisit the Bobiverse. Maybe get my son onto it too (he's currently obsessed with the Ender's Game universe)
I am more interested in Gemini's "Deep Research" feature than Operators. As a ChatGPT subscriber I wish they'd build a similar product.

Even when it comes to shopping, most of the time I spend is in researching alternatives according to my desired criteria. Operators doesn't help with that. o1 doesn't help because it's not connected to the internet. GPT-4o doesn't help because it struggles to iterate or perform > 1 search at a time.
> a plain text format AI models can understand and reason over in entirety.

I believe anthropomorphizing models, thinking they "understand and reason", will be the downfall of many managers who think replacing engineers and programmers will be the solution to all their problems. Yes, if you have an unproductive team, replacing the team with AI will apparently produce an alternative much quicker, but there will be plenty of bugs, errors, and omissions, because you won't really be getting the understanding and reasoning you thought you were acquiring, and you could end up needing another human team to fix all those new problems.
This new feature is restricted to sources you provide in the context window: “With Citations, users can now add source documents to the context window, and when querying the model, Claude automatically cites claims in its output that are inferred from those sources.”
I am pondering a different approach:

* Use error diffusion dithering in screen space

* Generate motion vectors for every pixel from the previous frame

Now, to make the next frame:

* Take the previously displayed (dithered) image and apply the motion vectors.

* Now use that as the threshold map to do error diffusion dithering on the next frame.

The threshold doesn't really matter for error diffusion dithering - since any error will be propagated to the next pixel. However, if you use a previous frame as a threshold map, it will encourage pixels not to 'flicker' every frame.
Biological DDOS
The brits were also running the opium shops. So if you think country A selling opiods in country B and then going to war so that country B can not stop the sale of opiods is totally okay, then that is truly very different from my model of good behavior.
Congrats! Thats wonderful.
Thank you for the clarification. That said, the example (pun unintended) I replied to is in the context of email, not HTTP.
Right, especially considering the Subaru Starlink service has apparently existed since 2014 or so[0], I have to wonder how long these vulnerabilities have been present.

[0] https://web.archive.org/web/20140719230852/https://www.subar...
Call me thick, but it's like back in the day, rich bored person goes to an artist and says "paint me this and that". Except now the "rich" person calls themselves an artist and "actual" artist is replaced by AI contraption that basically regurgitates real artist works. It's kind of comical.

But also makes sense. If you wanted e.g. music, you could either look at catalogue of what's out there or try to make your own. But if no one is making what tickles you and you yourself have no talent to make what you would like to listen, the AI comes to rescue.
Created an open source alternative just using the browser and not sharing your data with a third party:
https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/tabgpt-ask-chatgpt-...
> So then it begs the question: if the value is really a `uint16_t`, then why is it being handled through a plain `int`?

I don't think it begs the question, but it does raise one!
Yeah, I see that now. Completely useless.
> The problem, as far as I can tell, is that if all this works perfectly, this will be simply the human-programmed Minecraft we already have, except far more expensive to run. The original Minecraft is already infinitely playable, thanks to the way it randomly generates a 7x-larger-than-planet-Earth landscape with each new game. You can't use generative AI like this to get a new kind of game, only a better simulation of the game you trained it on.

Oh come now, that's not true and is showing a lack of imagination, especially from someone who's been covering generative models this long. There's lots of things you can do with an accurate differentiable model of Minecraft - just like there's lots of things you can do with a LLM or a diffusion model beyond just 'generate a random sample'. (Just think about all the things you can do with CLIP steering a diffusion model...) Imagine describing GPT-3 as saying 'as far as I can tell, if this all works perfectly, this will simply be Common Crawl, except far more expensive to read'!
Science will be put on hold for the next 4 years.
Department of Education rolls back DEI initiatives
Ha, that was fun. The last three were pure guesses, of course.

Given that one of the answers is an HTTP response code, and the puzzle gives you a pass for another response code which is present in the sequence but not intended as an answer, it was a little surprising when a third response code was just an error!