skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The eq. 12 is a loss function to associate a given key and value in the memory MLP using test-time training with gradient-descent.

The eq. 15 is simply the operation to query a value that was previously inserted in previous tokens using eq. 12.

Basically, for each autoregressively processed segmented you do:

1) Test-time inference: query values from memory with eq. 15.

2) Test-time training: associate new keys and values into the memory with the loss from eq. 12.

The forget and remember gates is because... well, the architecture in general is very similar to a LSTM, but using test-time gradient descent to decide what to insert to the long-term memory.
Politics and Proton
24U is about half a rack? 3 feet tall or so. Now, there can be a full length rack (or cage) that has 4 posts, or there's short racks too with just the front 2 posts that can shrink the footprint a lot. This is totally reasonable to find used most places.

Noise and Power Consumption is a huge consideration. I think about it as cost of gpu or computing power per watt. While the information might not be out there, USFF devices like a one or a few Lenovo Thinkcentre m920q works pretty flawlessly with Proxmox or anything else. For a rack, they can be treated as quasi blade servers on a shelf stacked in a rack, or some cases as well. Again, up to most people

These types of USFF devices often have a desktop grade cpu in a mobile setup that is engineering/industrial grade built, and 130w power supplies, and mostly idling. There are newer generations of these types of devices from most of the manufacturers too.

Cost of electricity does add up, but more than that, keeping your wattage footprint low lets you use a more reasonable UPS for battery backup power, if there is a need, it can all stay up much, much longer.
ArkType 2.0
How is a portable console about playing with your friends? It's about playing alone on the couch, on the bed, on the plane, on the toilet.
I'm saying that SpaceX is a world-class provider of space launch services, and leads the market on virtually any metric, but they aren't, as some are claiming in this thread, orders(!) of magnitude cheaper than others in the business. I'm just trying to counter balance some of the narrative here that presents SpaceX like some savior almost sent from the future.
The energy densities listed are flagged as approximate, so grains of salt etc, but the numbers on the page aren't entirely consistent.

The stated energy density is "> 500 watthours/liter".

But higher on the page we see a relative-energy-density bar graph shows lightcell at 5x the energy density of lithium batteries, and (38/5 =) 7.6x less dense then petrol. This implies an energy density for lightcell of 1250 Wh/liter, as (according to Google) petrol clocks in just under 9500 Wh/liter, and (again according to Google) lithium batteries can reach 300 Wh/liter so let's call it 250 for the math to work out.

I'm curious which number is closer to truth: 500Wh/liter, or 1250? Is 1250 the theoretical max and 500 the current output in a test rig?
Semitic is the scientific term for a family of languages, like Indo-European or Uralic. Today, the most important languages of this group are Arabic and Hebrew, but in the past many other languages of this group have been very important, e.g. Aramaic and Akkadian.

It is very weird that in the phrase "anti-Semitic" most people understand Semitic to refer to Israelis, while today most of the Semites are Arabs.

The term "Semitic" is not at all appropriate as a linguistic term, but nobody has succeeded to find any acceptable replacement.

In the Bible, the populations were divided in 3 groups, sons of Japheth (hence the American word "Caucasian", because Japheth is a term for Caucasus), sons of Shem and sons of Ham. From Shem and Ham, the linguistic terms "Semitic" and "Hamitic" have been derived.

However the use of these words for classifying languages has been based on a misunderstanding of the Bible. In that classification of the populations from the Bible, the division did not have anything to do with their descendance from ancestors speaking a common language, but it was completely determined by the political dependence of the territories by the time when the Genesis was composed.

The so-called sons of Ham where those who lived in territories dominated by Egypt ("Ham" is related to the native name of Egypt; Egypt is a Greek word), while the so-called sons of Shem were those who lived in territories dominated by Babylon or Assyria ("Shem" may be related to "Sumer").

As one of the examples that demonstrate that the Genesis classification was political, not linguistic, the Phoenicians were sons of Ham, not sons of Shem, like the Arabs and Hebrews, despite the fact that the Phoenician language was a Semitic language almost identical to Hebrew (the main difference between Phoenicians and Hebrews was in religion). The Phoenicians were sons of Ham, because at that time most Phoenician cities accepted the suzerainty of Egypt, even if they had a certain autonomy.
This colorspace is used internally by the color balance RGB module of Darktable (and Ansel).
I asked for evidence or even some data, show me something that can verify anything you're saying beyond a reasonable doubt. You can't, you're basically regurgitating talking points on topics neither of us really know anything about. I'm not saying I'm against a ban, but "China evil" shouldn't be good enough for a semi intelligent society.

In terms of algorithms, most US companies refer to that as intellectual property. Google doesn't sell their search algorithm to other search engines so I don't think your point makes any sense. Companies keep their IP secret for a reason, they don't want competition digging into their profits. What US company isn't engaging in the same completely legal behaviors?

My point about the phones is that China like America can target any electronic like the US was doing 20 years via interdiction. If we look at the NSA ANT catalog, specifically DIETYBOUNCE, everything they accuse China of is stuff we practically invented.

edit: Also I just purchased a M4 Mac mini, shipped directly from China.
It works for everyone.

Full stop.

Even if your metabolism slows down in response to caloric restriction, it does not move the needle to any appreciable degree.

Because it takes energy to do. It just does, you cannot fool physics.

However, measuring calories is incredibly difficult. Both in and out. Also, if you put 5000 calories worth of food inside of you, but then immediately vomit out 4500 of those calories, you've only really consumed 500 calories. You can overwhelm the system.

If you can restrict yourself to consuming at a caloric deficit, you will lose weight.

That's difficult however. Because if you pick a target calorie amount, you will see less progress as you lose weight. Because of math. 1500 is half of 3000, but only a quarter of 2000. People get fixated on 2000, as if we operate based on 2000 calories a day. But if you were previously consuming 3000 calories a day, your weight requires 3000 calories a day. So when you drop to 1500, you are going to lose about a pound every two days for a while. When you get to about 2500 maintenance calories/day, you're going to slow down to a about pound every three days. This is not your metabolism "adjusting". You weigh less, it takes fewer calories to maintain that weight.

And you will be hungry. It will suck. And you have to be meticulous in your record keeping. There are no "free" calories.

And we're not even getting into the mental component of all of this. What's been termed as "food noise". And it's one of the things that people on Ozempic and the like notice the most, they stop thinking about food. And food addiction is one of the absolute worst addictions to have. Hands down. With just about every other addiction, abstinence is an option. Alcohol, gambling, heroin, cocaine, meth, etc, none of that is necessary to live. We need food. We need to eat. You cannot avoid food. You have to actually develop discipline. Teetotalers do not have discipline. They avoid the issue altogether.

So CICO works, but it's incredibly difficult to do for lots of reasons that are not related to the biology or physics of it.
To their point, almost exclusively Chinese overseas until the recent memeing.
How about WeChat, little red book, … in fact the mainland version of tt, …
> prompting evacuations and warnings to stay inside to avoid noxious fumes in Monterey County.

This is what I have always been worried about... Modern industry seems all fine until a fire breaks out or a train overturns.
Yes it's called a meme and it won't last.
You've ruled out my only guess, but you still haven't explained what you're talking about!
Starship started development in 2012. SLS started development in 2011, New Glenn in 2012.

SLS flew in 2022 around the moon. New Glenn just flew, reaching orbit with an actual payload.

Starship hasn't reached orbit, the best they did was send a banana to the Indian ocean.

Remind me again how SpaceX is the fast company?
Seems odd that Wikipedia makes no reference to Tolkien, as an inspiration for some of the locations in LoTR.
Earlier: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42694486
This feels kind of like a miniature train model, but for data centers. It's cool and all, but it offers neither storage, compute, or networking in a way that I would consider paying that price tag.
I think we’ve learned, in the last 50 years or so of online discussion, how magnetic flame wars are, and how easy they are to kindle. An assumption of bad faith leads to an accusation which leads to a heated response which leads to people taking sides. Humans love conflict.

Yet it derails topics, it leads to bad feelings, it brings out the worst in us. Better to stop it at the root. The guidelines are simple. Dang tends to ask nicely rather than ban people. Mostly it works.

I don’t see this as hypersensitivity. I mean, there are plenty of places online where you can insult people however you please and it flows like water. I, for one, enjoy a place that tries to be the opposite.
Could you please stop posting unsubstantive comments and flamebait? You've unfortunately been doing it repeatedly (and badly) and we have to ban accounts that won't stop doing this.

I don't want to ban you because you've also posted good things, but we need posts like this one and these others to stop:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42590151

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42259138

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41849266

If you wouldn't mind reviewing https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and taking the intended spirit of the site more to heart, we'd be grateful.
> and (3) your metabolism slows down in response to, specifically, caloric restriction diets and your hunger rises which makes it difficult to estimate your calories out without indirect calorimetry.

This is the critical one that leads people to correctly argue CICO is largely useless for attempting to lose weight: the "CO" part of that is highly variable and is not merely a matter of being active. The body has all sorts of mechanisms that it can adjust to achieve the amount of storage vs burning that it wants to do, regardless of the amount of food consumed or the activity level.
The West told plenty of its companies, through public pressure or laws, that they have to divest from Russia, and they did. Rationally they recognized that selling their assets is financially more lucrative than just closing their operations and making 0$.
Now why would an corporation which alleges to not be controlled by a government refuse to sell and forego billions in income, even though it is against the interest of their shareholders?
This is mostly a probability nitpick:

Most disasters follow power laws and other fat tail which don't have the same effects in the tail as a Gaussian. If you shift 1/x^a by c, you "only" get a polynomial increase.

But also, if you shift the mean of a Gaussian, the increase isn't exponential, it's super exponential (e^(x^2) to be specific).

> Insurance is based on statistics. The math they use assumes stationary distributions. Insurance companies can't deal with shifting distributions well so they take the losses and then exit markets.

Sure they can, that's why they hire statisticians. They routinely deal with insurance of much rarer events where we have much worse models than climate change. They're just banned from charging the actual rates, because it's politically unacceptable.
Russian Disinformation Campaigns Eluded Meta's Efforts to Block Them
But interestingly, RP accents with sex offenders:

> Participants thought the RP accent was more likely to commit a sexual assault than any of the other offences tested.

> “This finding simultaneously undermines certain traditional stereotypes about both higher status and working-class men,” Alice Paver said. “This may indicate shifting perceptions of the ‘type’ of man who can and does commit sexual offences.
As with anywhere, laws are toothless without enforcement.

In some cases, they are enforced ruthlessly on one group of people, and not on others. This is a feature, not a mistake, by the way. Well, a feature for those with power, not normal citizens.

The real question is:

"Does America have justice?"

It's not a recent one either. The issue of select enforcement of our laws has been around as long as I can recall, and before I was born. It's not even unique to the United States.

What I find most upsetting as part of the normal citizenry, is that rather than taking things to court and finding that the laws need changed, they tend to go the route of charges dropped or pardons when the laws affect them.

I would have less of an issue with the rich and powerful folks avoiding prosecution if they at least did it in a precedent setting way for the rest of us.

That's the injustice.
What to do for a single root fs spanned over 2 encrypted partitions on 2 separate disks?
Maybe a little off topic, but is there a way for a distributed app to connect to one of the LLM companies (OpenAI, etc.) without the unencrypted data hitting an in-between proxy server?

An app I'm building uses LLMs to process messages. I don’t want the unencrypted message to hit my server - and ideally I wouldn’t have the ability to decrypt it. But I can’t communicate directly from client -> LLM Service without leaking the API key.
Show HN: Compile C to Not Gates
Hi! I've been working on the flipjump project, a programming language with 1 opcode: flip (invert) a bit, then jump (unconditionally). So a bit-flip followed by more bit-flips. It's effectively a bunch of NOT gates.
This language, as poor as it sounds, is RICH.

Today I completed my compiler from C to FlipJump. It takes C files, and compiles them into flipjump. I finished testing it all today, and it works!
My key interest in this project is to stretch what we know of computing and to prove that anything can be done even with minimal power.

I appreciate you reading my announcement, and be happy to answer questions.

More links:

- The flipjump language: https://github.com/tomhea/flip-jump https://esolangs.org/wiki/FlipJump

- c2fj python package https://pypi.org/project/c2fj/
Using Angular? Integrate automated translations into the development workflow
Or the US is preparing for conflict with China, so China must also. But actually it's probably a two way feedback loop between the two of them that the ignoramuses that run each country love because it makes their jobs exciting and, probably, profitable.
Do they do this with other bans, like those against network hardware? Other countries sell their goods here at the American government's leisure. It's always been this way.
TikTok should just build out a PWA. That would be a huge fuck you to this whole situation.
Thanks, great advices, I will follow them.

Yes, I'm through the trivial things that's why I feel that I've got stuck.

Probably I spent too much time playing and not enough practicing.

What you write makes a lot of sense, I know the very basics of end game play, but not on my level for example, and just playing against people doesn't give me the consistency I need to get better faster.

The same with tactics, I can spend many hours playing with other people and I'm getting better with tactics, but again it's not enough to get consistent with pattern recognition.
is that how you present the price to your own customers? or do you operate on value based pricing?
This has been a long time coming, but I hope the finished product was worth the wait.

ArkType 2.0 is a no-setup solution for schema validation with a new style of type-safe API that parallels native type syntax.

It also brings types to runtime in a way they've never been available before. They can be introspected and compared just like `extends` in native TS.

Thanks for your patience, and I couldn't be more hyped to see what you do with it!

GitHub: https://github.com/arktypeio/arktype

Docs: https://arktype.io

Discord: https://arktype.io/discord
Hey I'm trying to alleviate this issue from a technical standpoint and am trying to find others to join me. It's no cure-all, but the other paths would upend a century of legal precedence. Shoot me a PM if you're looking for work.
It doesn't seem surprising to me. It probably ought to print ought a warning that head has detached though, like some other commands already do. That error message on the other hand seems very unhelpful. It's lingo that only makes sense if you're neck deep in the plumbing.
Yeah, I believe so too, but I haven't ever worked on it so I don't know a ton about it either.
VLC used to have a built-in compressor as a plugin by default. Try it and see what you think.
> All the many writing systems that have been invented independently of the Egyptian writing have used symbols denoting either syllables or words. Only the Egyptian writing had the peculiar characteristic of denoting only the consonants of the speech, independently of the vowels, which is what has enabled the development of alphabetic writing systems from it.

Hangul was developed independently of Egyptian script and is purely alphabetic.
I do think they got it right, but Game Awards is 90% weighted towards games professionals/critics, so it's not very populist.

(Their award that is 100% consumer/gamer vote based goes to mobile games, because they bribe their audience to vote for it.)
Given how little we know about the cost structures of any of these space launch systems, yes.

Consider that Russia was charging less per seat to the ISS in 2007, back when they ahd to compete with the Shuttle, then SpaceX is charging NASA today. And not a little less - almost half ($25M in 2007 dollars, $38M in today's dollars, vs SpaceX charging $55M today).

Does this mean that the Soyuz was much cheaper than Falcon 9? Probably not, it just means that there is so much margin on both sides that we can't estimate much.
Any amount of $$$ earned by CCP will not be easily passed down to citizens.

I’d be interested if there’s any objective measure of how much a countries money is passed down back to its citizens or hoarded by people in power. Is there any such measure?
I don't get why it's so common to expect customers to explain themselves when they don't like something. "The customer is always right".
Being horribly abusive towards women is very common amongst those men who claim to support women's rights, as Gaiman did.

Beware the "male feminist".

More often than not, they are wolves in sheep's clothing, trying to gain the trust of vulnerable women to take advantage for their own perverse and selfish ends.

Doubly so if they are into "kink" like that discussed in the article.
App store top apps are per-region. And China one likely even running on completely different infrastructure because CCP.
Biden will probably not enforce the ban (no fines) and Trump will likely continue that non-enforcement, essentially nullifying the will of Congress and judgement of the court.
Search for GitHub Projects with a RAG Chatbot
Related:

Show HN: I made an alternative platform for professional profiles - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25634192 - Jan 2021 (358 comments)
You can add alternative Bitlocker decryption mechanisms including a strong password using manage-bde CLI tool. Also, Bitlocker gives you the opportunity to save your recovery data externally in case you lose all your authentication mechanisms. I'm surprised that you lost your data.
Adol has a thing for shipwrecking into interesting places.
Regulation of LLMs with Interpretability Will Likely Result in Performance Loss
And China!
Unfortunately it didn’t. Seems to have actually emboldened the “CICO isn’t a thing” crowd even more.

The amount of woo-woo “science” in laymen communities on the subject is utterly astounding considering the evidence directly in front of them. Check out the various subreddits for a casual glimpse - anyone saying stuff like “the primary method of action is eating less” is downvoted and the woo woo “metabolism” or “hormones” stuff is upvoted and celebrated.

In the end I think there is a lot of weird guilt around overeating I never really understood existed before. I lost 100lbs using Mounjaro but never once thought it was anything other than me eating too much and moving too little while I was obese. It’s just a lot of damn work and willpower for me to change that. Tirzepatide was simply a performance enhancing drug for my diet that finally put me over escape velocity to make lifestyle changes that so far have stuck for a couple years now.
That seems really slow for a get request to hn without a session cookie (fetching only cacheable data).

And being not logged in - probably a poor comparison with Shopify app.
But that's not what it's said
How do you create a Chrome account without Gmail accounts?
Obviously a culture will impact behavior once it's ingrained. But at a very young age, children's personalities will differ vastly even before "core memories" or "parental interactions" will have had a chance to form them. The question is not whether "Nature" or "Nurture" have an impact, it's whether and which one of them is dominant overall, and whether and which one of them is dominant for specific behavioral traits. We certainly do not have an answer to either of those questions.
> (in the sense that we and these companies exist in jurisdictions that can pass arbitrary laws; let’s skip the boring and locale specific discussion of whether you think your local government would pass such a law)

Anyway the idea of what’s a reasonable search in the US has been whittled away to almost nothing, right? “The dog smelled weed on your hard drive.” - A cop, probably.
This morning I got up and poured myself a damned fine cup of coffee. RIP.
Why not add a synth as well. ;-)
So, you could say that that sweet large scale mind control is apparently worth more than $100b to them...
Dishes it out but can’t take it?

How appropriate.
So is this potentially performance improving?.
Looking for AI-based website feedback
Hi everyone,

Long time lurker, first time poster. I just finished building my first SaaS and I'm looking for feedback from other developers. I'm a WordPress developer by trade so I used WP as the CMS and bootstrap as a front end framework because I'm too lazy to learn tailwinds. I was originally using Runpod with a vLLM serverless setup and a Nemo finetune and SDXL but it was too expensive so I'm now using OpenRouter with a Mistral 7B finetune for story generation and Runware with Flux Schnell and a custom LORA for image generation. Story narration/audio generation is done through ElevenLabs which is also very expensive but I haven't found any other service out there that can add enough emotion in the voice to read a story in a compelling manner. If anyone is willing to give me feedback, I'll give you free credits so it doesn't cost you anything! I've been working on the site by myself for so long that I could use a fresh pair of eyes.

Ryan
> There's no universally-accepted "ideology of California." It's a big state with a huge, diverse population.

Population is diverse and large, yes, but the state government (including the insurance commissioner) is radically biased left/progressive and has been for decades.