skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Algebra is a very well defined mathematical term:

> an algebra is an algebraic structure consisting of a set together with operations of multiplication and addition and scalar multiplication by elements of a field and satisfying the axioms implied by "vector space" and "bilinear"

from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra_over_a_field

Historically though, the word "algebra" was used more broadly, and the further into the past you go, the more vague this term becomes. But, today, if you ask a mathematician, the definition above is how they would immediately understand algebra, and other kinds of algebras would need a qualification, eg. "linear algebra" or "abstract algebra" etc.

Another way to look at this is to say that various subfields of mathematics that are called "algebra" are studies of particular kinds of algebra (from the first definition). And so they will still have all the same elements: a set (with some restrictions on it), a multiplication and addition.

It could be surprising that so few basic elements give rise to such a rich field, but that's how math is... In a way, the elements you work with act more as constraints rather than extra dimensions. So, theories with very few basic elements tend to capture more stuff and be richer in terms of theorems than theories with more basic elements.
Remember that factorio simulates every inserter swing, the exact position of each item on a sushi belt, every dip in the power grid, every biter egg about to hatch.

Some designs in 100% runs use sushi (e.g. red circuits, as they take a lot of space/time but few resources, and must initially be built by hand). You can estimate the rates, but you won't be able to find a bottleneck.

Inserter timing often comes up in plastic builds - on paper it's easy to build the exact amount of chem plants to saturate a blue belt, but if you ignore inserter timing you'll be leaving tiny gaps.

Also remember spoilage is now a thing (,: as well as loops, probabilistic recipes, thruster efficiency, probably some more.

Only Factorio can simulate Factorio. The best way to automatically find bottlenecks is probably with a mod.
Or VBA, which has Empty, Null, and Nothing:

https://excelbaby.com/learn/the-difference-between-empty-nul...

(and sometimes Missing)
Nextcloud for me. I run my own home server, which is just a normal PC on a cheap UPS, on a residential internet connection with dynamic DNS. On that, Proxmox, and Nextcloud lives in there as an LXC container.

On my phone, the Nextcloud app is installed, and that takes care of the photo/video/downloaded file "cloud" sync, and DAVx5 takes care of calendar, contacts, todo. Nextcloud, with additional apps, can also do Kanban, multimedia notes.
I'm with you. We tell children: "no is a complete sentence". Many can be noxious, filling volume like gas. Capitalizing!

I will choke the next person who reminds me, a middle-aged adult with responsibilities, that humans are social creatures. I know all too well. I either don't want the company they're offering or owe mine elsewhere, thanks. Don't make it weird.

It's often not out of genuine personal interest, but business :/ Also, finally: living here has required more capitalistic behavior than I would have chosen.
I've used XMR before. Just surprised seeing it to pay for legitimate & harmless visualization work.

I see, that makes sense
Do you think the keyboard can be replaced by a virtual one (existing in the VR world only)? Or do you think the tactile feedback is necessary?
This feels a bit disingenious.
All the languages brought as an example need some sort of handling of the `not found` case. In C++ and Go you need to check against null pointers (or don't but then encounter segafults), Haskell and Rust you are forced to unwrap the value. C also has to check against the error code or incur in errors down the line or worse subtler logic errors.

Missing this types of checks is also source of errors in dynamic languages, adding `1+None` as well as `1+nothing` will return an error if not handled properly.
If you are absolutely sure your element will be in the array you have to encode it, for example

x = something(findindex([1,2,3], val)) # return value is Int now, or an error.

or even

x === nothing && error("oh no")

are enough for the compiler to correctly infer that x will just be an Int, and remove the Union.

Also, the claim that the only way to check for unfavourable Union types is to visually scan each function is just plainly false. There are many tools to do this sort of checks, just to name a few: @code_warntype, Cthulhu, DispatchDoctor

I do agree though that Julia has mainly users from academia, and therefore is less polished on the more pure software engineering aspects and tooling.
But the disclaimer at the end feels just like the author is dismissing the whole language on false premises due to frustration with lack of support/ecosystem for his specific use case.
Haha, yes, the Pyramid was alien technology, but the cover story was that it was a multiprocessor RISC minicomputer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_Technology When I arrived at UCL, there were three PDP 11/44s of which one (?) was shared by all the undergrads. The pyramid replaced those circa 1987 and was a huge improvement.

If I recall correctly, the main workstation lab was B10A, where I spent a lot of time. Then there was a narrow room, B09 I think, that had mission control on the right hand side with a machine room behind it, and a second machine room on the left side. Can't remember which machine room the Pyramid was in.

And yes, Phil is still around.
Having massive economic changes will cause short term economic problems. Fixing the inflation will make Argentina better in the future. Just because things are not perfect as quickly as you want does not mean things are not improving.

Advocating for the massive inflation that Argentina had and is now improving is economic suicide. Inflation makes it impossible for average people to save and build wealth. That is economic suicide.
Every good conspiracy theory starts with a truth, I guess.

I had no idea about the CIA thing. I just always assumed the "birds aren't real" meme to be a way of showing how ridiculous the police state is going to become in the next decade or so as surveillance gets more and more weaponized against the people it was supposed to protect.
The abstract says the code will be available.
Yeah this one definitely has a JWZ vibe. Probably worth porting and contributing to XScreensaver.
I'm discovering that Claude is included in Kagi Ultimate and this is also slightly blowing my mind... Probably going to do the switch.

The fact that it's expensive is true but for me largely compensated by the niceties of the service. I don't really like the fact that they use Yandex either but the other search engines are not really satisfying for me anymore.

I've used Kagi Pro for several months now and it's working great for my personal and professional needs. The only thing I'm missing is the shopping features but I can with that and switch back to Google when I'm looking to spend my money on physical goods...
Oh my! that makes more sense. Yes, I was referring to the shorter url whis is what I saw in the address bar in my browser.
The Maybe monad is really well understood at this point.
The article includes some pointless recommendations while being light on important details. On the whole, it's not a high quality piece.

An air quality meter is a waste of money, weight and space. It'll tell you the air you're breathing is full of particulates and VOCs. Your eyes, nose and throat will tell you that for free.

The author briefly mentions a "fire blanket" without mentioning exactly what this blanket is (it's a thick wool blanket, not the blanket you use to contain kitchen fires), nor do they say anything about how to use it to improve your chances of surviving being overrun by fire.
You can embed manifests in the exe.
I find that the hard part with designing macros and other metaprogramming constructs that run at compile time is not adding POWER - that part is easy, but to make it readable and easy to understand.

If a reader of the code needs to stop to work out the code then that is a weakness, not a strength - as such a pause in code reading affects everything from refactoring to spotting bugs.

In Zig, compile time code looks like runtime code and you cannot easily know which is which without looking up the definition of the variables.

Turning some statements into compile time, like for, requires ”inline” while some, like if, always folds at compile time if it is constant resolved, skipping even semantic checking of the ”dead” branch.

Grasping this at a glance is very challenging.

There is also the issue of generating types - and not just values - at compile time.

This means that a tool refactoring a compile time defined struct member must know how that struct member was created - which may be through arbitrary code execution.

All of this, and including ”build.zig”- the build tool describing how to compile a project using code invocations, makes it extremely challenging for an IDE to reason about code and provide meaningful analysis and refactoring tools.

Which also in the end may affect overall code quality.

So it’s a trade-off. For a contrast, look at C3 which has a comparable amount of compile time but tries to be IDE friendly.
Nah, I'm just shaving my head and going full-on ultra-nationalist...

Speak ASCII or Die [0]

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speak_English_or_Die
I’m not making some political argument here, I’m saying “boycott Russia due to its war of aggression against a neighbor” isn’t buying into “US foreign policy.” There are direct moral and ethical implications totally aside from any policy ones.

Make whatever moral calculus you want, just don’t play the goofball contrarian stuff and act like that’s derived from some high and mighty “I am independent from US foreign policy” lol
If your drone can land on a high spot and save energy by not flying, while using energy to use camera and radio communications, that would be really nice!

Also: the noise a drone makes, gives away it's presence.
> Only a person who has no idea about left wing politics could describe tech companies as "extremely left wing."

I don't see the need for this sort of poor attitude in phrasing. I have some idea about left wing politics, and also have seen a lot of very left-leaning policies enforced at social media companies and other related companies. You might say some people are neoliberal, or being very left wing (or perhaps "progressive") between 2010-2020 was just the most money-making stance for a neoliberal, but that doesn't seem particularly relevant.
Could it be your enthusiasm or level of overall engagement of the other parties?

Perhaps take a recording of someone you find engaging to listen to, and record yourself and really play spot the difference.
I’m familiar with the different variants of Microsoft BASIC.

What I’m saying is that QBasic isn’t the same product as what Microsoft sold to 3rd parties like Altar, Apple, Commodore and co.

So it doesn’t really make sense to discuss QBasic in that context despite it technically still being a dialect of BASIC written by Microsoft.
Major efforts at creating "everything" libraries are usually looked upon as a positive effort that benefits all of humanity, and we generally mourn the loss of any such effort, regardless of whether the effort is against the laws of the state at the time the effort was undertaken, or even if the collection was created in a morally reprehensible way.

See: Library of Alexandria, Library of Congress, GenBank, the Svalbard seed vault, Google Books, Internet Archive and all its efforts, ...the Louvre, and most major museums.

In general, we collectively recognize - without having to be told - that preservation of knowledge is a noble and worthy effort that transcends the fleeting whims of a population at a point in time.

All that to say, people probably don't need to be tricked into liking such efforts. They're popular because of what they are.
You’re paying Google via the profile they have of you. Remember there’s no such thing as a free lunch while you’re feeling so superior
No. exponentiation and square root are not algebraic operations. Only addition and multiplication are. That's kind of the whole point of this theory / subfield of mathematics.

The operations you mentioned can be found in many different subfields of mathematics, eg. real analysis, number theory, or even arithmetic (using a more broad, but a well-accepted definition). But not in algebra. It's the point of algebra to only have addition and multiplication. And it's why, for example, algebraic geometry exists (because algebraic geometers want to avoid transcendental functions like sqrt(), sin() etc.)
> He died of an opioid overdose

I'd say this is quite far away from the top entries in the list of worst ways to go.
A local transformer model doing text to speech or speech to text is an LLM.
No one has a problem with people doing that IRL unless it's a bad workplace and it's more honest and polite than pretending to listen on a remote call.
Can you link to the post in question? An edit is credited to the person doing the edit. You can inspect it. Do you claim it was done differently and there's no evidence to that in the revision history of the post?
OP link should be edited to the ArcadeBlogger.com one, the submitted link is blatant AI-generated blogspam.

These days I feel like HN should also have a note on the submission page that if you're submitting a link you should look for the original source. It seems like there's been an exponential increase in blogspam lately.
go the extra mile and click on about and then check out the linkedin profile.

i quote:

"I graduated top of my class with a BSc in Computer Science [...]. I have a strong background in software engineering and technical leadership"
Like the Chinese one?

https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinese-special-...
Yes, setting up a commercial subsidiary is the standard way to go to trade in order to raise money for a charity.

But I think a charity should spend most of its income on charitable activities. According to its accounts the Foundation spends £12m on that out of a £213m income from trading, which seems very small.
Reading some of these books recommended here, perhaps the most shocking thing is that so much is due to randomness: an arbitrary person does something small that turns out to be on the critical path, and without it the big thing would not get completed.

I like the kind of books recommended here, but please be aware of survivor's bias (there not many books about failures! Any great recommendations? "How we could NOT get back to the moon again", "Recall: Toyota hits the breaks", "Last fag: how big tobacco lost against a Minneapolis law firm" ;-) and the fact that the winner gets to write the history. For example, next month, Bill Gates new memoir "Source Code" will come out, the first of three planned autobiographical books, and I doubt he will share with us how he strongarmed PC manufacturers into shipping Windows pre-installed in order to get the OS monopoly and other important events.
Just don't connect it to the network and that solves most of the problems. Really the only one left is slow and unpleasant UI and most of that evaporates when all you're ever doing is swapping inputs. At this point the ads and other crap are subsidizing the panels.
Yes, you're right. The way the question was worded, I understood it as "starting from petrol", maybe the question can be reworded a bit.

Feel free to email me if you want, my email is in my profile!
Apple already ships ProMotion i.e. 120Hz on iPhone Pro and MacBook Pro displays.

And so it's odd you think they wouldn't bring it to the external displays. Especially when going back to 60Hz is definitely noticeable whilst doing desktop work i.e. lots of web page/document scrolling.
Does anyone else get the sense that the definition has been bastardized by the conflation of the two concurrent previous uses of "agent"?

i.e. in AI, biology and informatics, "Agent" typically meant something: That had a form / self / embodiment. That could sense the environment and react to those perceptions. That possibly could learn, adapt, or change to various degrees of complexity, which would entail optionally being an "intelligent system".

Meanwhile in common parlance, Agent meant: Someone who acts or behaves on behalf of another adaptively to accomplish something with some degree of freedom.

And this might explain why so people say agent/agentic necessarily refers to "tool use" or "being able to overcome problems on the happy path" or "something capable of performing actions on an infinite loop while reacting" (the latter two in my opinion, conflates the meaning of "Intelligent system" or "Intelligent behavior"). Meanwhile, biologists might still reply to a single cell seemingly inert, or a group of bacteria in a colony, as an Agent (a more behaviouralist/chemical "look-deep-down" perspective)

I think a lot of disappointment is that biologists/OG AI enthusiasts are looking for something truly adaptive, sensing, able to behave, "live" indefinitely, have acquire or set goals, and which might be able to if intelligent, work with other agents to accomplish things (e.g. a "society"). Meanwhile, people who just want an "AI HR Agent" just want something that can communicate, interview, discern good applicants, and book the interviews plus provide summary notes. These two things are very different. But both, could use tools etc (the key difference from ChatGPT which is enabling this new concept to be more useful than ChatGPT, alongside various forms of short term memory rather than "fresh-every-time-conversations).
The term "null" comes from C. A. R. Hoare, who has proposed in November 1965 various additions to the programming language ALGOL 60, including pointers (called references by Hoare, "pointer" comes from IBM PL/I, in July 1966), and including a special value "null" for references a.k.a. pointers, for denoting unknown or not applicable values.

C. A. R. Hoare, 1965-11:

"In order to enable references to represent partial functional relationships, i.e. ones which do not necessarily yield a value, a special reference value null is introduced.
This value fails to refer to a record, and any attempt to use it to refer to a record leads to an undefined result."

In his proposal, Hoare has followed the COBOL 60 terminology for some of the additions to ALGOL, i.e. "record" instead of the word "structure", introduced by IBM PL/I in 1964-12, and "record class" instead of "structure type", hence the "class" of SIMULA 67, from where the word "class" has spread into all OOP languages.

In Hoare's proposal, references a.k.a. pointers could point only to values belonging to user-defined types, i.e. records a.k.a. structures, not to primitive types.
I think the blazing fast has become a meme at this point and people use it very tongue-in-cheek
How is this all financed?

The front-page talks about giving away
"Get free Raspberry Pis, Framework Laptops, iPads, and more."

Oh they do have transparency on it.
I was confused about the "fiscal sponsorship"
tab since it appears also to be a product they are selling
at 7% of income.

They appear to do well with nearly $6 million USD(?) in their
"checking account)
Good for them.
sure, but that is sadly how world politics works. if the US expands nato right to the border of russia then they retaliate. ukraine fought a war against their own citizens in the eastern half when they sympathized with opening up to russia - a majority there perceives themselves as russians. this is not just whataboutism - if you don't fight for resources then you'll have to buy them for a very high price. and ukraine is very rich in resources. as is greenland.
All action is "subjective and subject to biases that change over time". This would then imply I could never take any action, because it's just subjective and biased. Maybe that's an exaggeration of your position, but you do seem to be suggesting inaction or the impossibility of judgement. I reject this position 100%.

I would suggest that judgement is a critical part of our civilization, and it's judgement that says those bits of obscene graffiti in Pompeii that makes it so.

Or else they could say "well, we can't claim ancient cave art is priceless, because we're biased and our biases will change over time. Maybe in a thousand years we'll discover that ancient cave art is worthless, so we'll do nothing".

In fact you have judged my opinions and shared your judgement with me. Good job!

Your characterization of regimes as autocratic is judgmental, biased and will change over time. But right now that's your judgement and I applaud it, even if I disagree.

Gosh, book burning. Not backing up a romance novel or cookbook is definitely analogous to book burning, but I'll play along.

It was a symbolic act to show a rejection of ideas, not an attempt to eradicate the books, much in the same way Gandhi encouraged the burning of foreign made clothing and products. He wasn't going to rid the world of British cloth nor were the Germans going to rid the world of non-German ideas.

So yeah, when all the badly written cook books, romance novels, and children's books are in a huge bonfire, you can blame me, personally.
> No, it means you haven't gathered this data point and don't know.

This is how it should be.

> Somehow means he owns a car because you are using boolean logic?

This is how it unfortunately is. There are 3 people, and there are 3 people who don't have a NULL car. Therefore George has a car.

CREATE TABLE people(name text, carId uuid);
INSERT INTO people values('Bill', '40c8a2d7-1eb9-40a9-b064-da358d6cee2b');
INSERT INTO people values('Fred', '3446364a-e4a5-400f-bb67-cbcac5dc2254');
INSERT INTO people values('George', NULL);

SELECT Count(*) FROM people WHERE name NOT IN (
SELECT name FROM people WHERE carId = NULL
);

Elsewhere people have argued that NULL propagates, so that your small unknowns infect larger queries. I could get behind that line of thinking, but the query above confidently returns 3.
That’s a fair point though it’s more of a practical argument when the topic was more academic discussion with regards to language design.

But I do agree that practical considerations are important when making architectural decisions.
> According to the linked blog post, not anymore. Apparently, these days they serve the author's original APK, but after verifying that they can rebuild it (modulo the signature itself).

But obviously only for newly submitted apps that can be built reproducibly. Old apps, or even new apps that fail to build reproducibly, continue to be built to the old model with an F-Droid-provided signing key.

(Even if an older app can actually be built reproducibly these days, it'll still be stuck on having to continue using the F-Droid signing key – key rotation is only supported from Android 9 onwards, and for some reason Google only recommends its actual usage on Android 11 and newer, and then you still need to manage the transition period somehow where app updates need to be dual signed, and once you stop that dual-signing, everybody updating from an old signature needs to install one of those dual-signed versions first before being able to install a version only signed with the new key.)
They use monero because what they are doing (copyright infringement) will get you in to big trouble anywhere in the western world. Without cryptocurrencies much of the modern large scale archival efforts wouldn't be possible, or at the very least would significantly increase risks for the people participating in it. For me this alone is a good enough reason to admit that there are valid reasons for existence of privacy coins.

The harm they may cause in the short term via tax avoidance or being used to buy drugs is minimal, but the possibility that because of them archivists are able to fund servers for data that future historians wouldn't have otherwise been able to get their hands on? Priceless.
The Gulag Archipelago by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn showing how Stalin operated and how imprisoned people survived is a good read about humans doing hard things.