skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: How to excel in system design interviews with smallscale app experience?
A challenge I'd love the community's input on. Coming from a background of successfully delivering web applications over the last 15 years (mostly small to medium scale), I'm now preparing for interviews where system design plays a crucial role.

While I've mastered building efficient small to medium-scale systems, I find myself in uncharted territory when discussing highly distributed architectures.

I've been studying comprehensive resources (Alex Xu's books, DDIA), but there's still a gap between theory and interview performance.

My main hurdles:

- Converting theoretical knowledge into practical system design proposals

- Steering technical discussions effectively

- Making and defending architectural decisions with solid reasoning

For those who've made this transition:

- What techniques helped you apply book knowledge in interview scenarios?

- How did you develop practical system design skills?

- What helped you discuss large-scale systems convincingly despite limited hands-on experience?

Particularly interested in concrete methods and resources that led to interview success.

Anyone who's crossed this bridge, I'd value your insights!"
The notion of "something that shall have been in the language" is not properly defined, as you can basically start from that and arrive at C++. So it is perfectly fine to assume that compile-time programming does not belong into the language and write your own processor.

As for DSL, any DSL is a separate language that needs to be learned, so it is not very different from creating your own processor.
Nah it's quite easy these days. Ollama runs perfectly fine on Windows, comfyUI still has some not ported requirements, so you have to do stuff through WSL2.
Half-life 2 has received multiple updates to shading and level of detail since it was released, so it looks a little better than it did at release. Still, it was already a visually impressive game at release.
License plate concealers are illegal in NYS. Being able to read license plates is critical for identifying vehicles involved in crimes. I hope you are eventually caught and punished!
Chiming in to say I also prefer public transit. Why focus on the ride at all when I can just read a book and teleport?

And the real danger of motorcycles is to yourself. You could end up living with a feeding tube slipping in a shower let alone a minor scuff at 25mph.
Think "2008 crisis" rather than actual apocalypse.
The Crisis Report – We are now "officially" in uncharted territory
That is not because of him. They ran into patents problems and lost a lawsuit about this.

They did contribute a couple of industry standards, including zeroconf/bonjour and OpenCL. I haven’t seen anything or anybody saying that the FaceTime thing was a deception.
Ask HN: When the submission is marked [DUPE]
Can someone from the HN team explain to me the exact rules for when a post is marked as DUPE? In my opinion, a post with a link to an article that comments on an event shouldn't be considered a DUPE just because there is another post with a link to a different article commenting on the same event.
No worries. If you need any specific help with the use case, please feel free to reach out on my email. ankit at clioapp.ai
Yes, though how you do it depends on what you're doing.

I do a lot of training of encoders, multimodal, and vision models, which are typically small enough to fit on a single GPU; multiple GPUs enables data parallelism, where the data is spread to an independent copy of each model.

Occasionally fine-tuning large models and need to use model-parallelism, where the model is split across GPUs. This is also necessary for inference of the really big models, as well.

But most tooling for training/inference of all kinds of models supports using multiple cards pretty easily.
Which is crazy as a quasi government agency supervised by a government agency.
I built my first one for ~$150 CAD, then I built a backup one for a little under $100 CAD (the first price may have included a cheap soldering iron, I don't remember).

I don't live in the US, so I made a [purchase list](https://github.com/arcanemachine/Ergo-S-1-Extras/blob/main/e...) with links to AliExpress. The original assembly guide assumed the user has access to McMaster-Carr, which I unfortunately do not (for a reasonable price, at least).
Markets are both cyclical and ever-changing, so I don't see what's surprising about new types of emergencies coming up as the times change. The way we slice and dice assets and claims today is very different from how it used to be done just a few decades ago. The markets are a living breathing thing.
So you're saying more VRAM costs more money? What a novel idea!

Conversely, this means you can pay less if you need less.

Seems like a win all around.
Yes, multi-GPU on the same machine is pretty straightforward. For example ollama uses all GPUs out of the box. If you are into training, the huggingface ecosystem supports it and you can always go the manual route to put tensors on their own GPUs with toolkits like pytorch.
In lisp, macros are just ordinary functions whose input and output is an AST. So you can debug them as you would any other function, by tracing, print debugging, unit tests or even stepping through them in a debugger.
Yup, but that only works if those transitions happen frequently enough compared to the time constant of the high-pass filter. Presumably, that's why the author found that the optics only worked with signals above about 150kHz.
I have a very similar setup, 3x4090s. Depending on the model I’m training, the GPUs use anywhere from 100-400 watts, but don’t get much slower when power limited to say, 250w. So they could power limit the 5090s if they want and get pretty decent performance most likely.

The cat loves laying/basking on it when it’s putting out 1400w in 400w mode though, so I leave it turned up most of the time! (200w for the cpu)
Could be a code thing.
Thanks! I appreciate that. A few things:

- https://scalawithcats.com/ is a book I'm writing. There is an associated newsletter to which I post blog articles and the like.

- https://noelwelsh.com/ is my personal site, which hosts my blog.
If you want to run LLMs buy their H100/GB100/etc grade cards. There should be no expectation that consumer grade gaming cards will be optimal for ML use.
Love PCalc. Use it multiple times a day.
You’re only thinking of the final raster framebuffer, there are multiple raster and shader stages. Increasing the native output has an nearly exponential increase in memory requirements.
It will never be “safe” or “clean” enough for the people who think it is unsafe today. Because for some people they see one homeless person and it ruins their day. They fail to realize that hey, transit is the means of transport one might take when you have no money at all, and you are always going to have homeless people on it and its not a big deal either.
I really don't. Censored models are so censored they're practically useless for anything but landscapes. Half of them refuse to put humans in the pictures at all.
No gamers need such high VRAM, if you're buying Gaming cards for ML work you're doing it wrong.
Insert Bill Burr on Lance Armstrong "just keep him on the bike" quote.
But all we see are two proponents in a civil trial. Shouldn't the standard be the well known "preponderance of evidence"?

Though personally preponderance of evidence seems to be a shitty standard too because I might be listening to two awful theories and be forced to conclude one is the winner. Theories should rise above a minimum threshold to even consider sniffing at before we consider one as superior over the other.
They work as effective heaters! I haven’t used my (electric) heat all winter, I just use my training computer’s waste heat instead.
To prevent custom implementations is recommended to get a Nvidia card. Minimum 3080 to get some results. But if you want video you should go for either 4090 or 5090. ComfUI is a popular interface which you can use for graphical stuff. Images and videos. Local text models I would recommend to use the Misty app. Basically a wrapper and downloader for various models. Tons of youtube videos on how to achieve stuff.
> So, we’re going to continue to focus these systems on tackling illegal and high-severity violations, like terrorism, child sexual exploitation, drugs, fraud and scams.

I don't think this is exhaustive, and I think SSI (suicide/self-injury) + ED/etc. stuff is considered high-severity.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42499547
Community Notes aren't simply voted on by counting clicks on an up button, it's more sophisticated than that. Go sign up and do some rating yourself to see how it works.

CNs are vastly superior to the NGO swamp Facebook have been funding for the past decade:

1. The CN community focus on the ordinary boring stuff that NGOs ignore. A huge number of community notes are highlighting financial scams, obfuscated adverts, stuff faked for viral engagement and so on. They aren't political but this is the bulk of what needs fact checking on social networks. Because they're crowd sourced, CN posters are incredibly good at this and easily identify obscure videos or pictures that have been taken out of context (or indeed AI generated). In contrast the ecosystem that FB funded seemed to focus primarily on contentious political claims.

2. To go live a CN needs agreement from people across the political spectrum. The algorithm behind this decision is quite smart. It's reminiscent of the old Slashdot meta-moderation system, for instance you are asked to rate notes across multiple different criteria that come with objective definitions. The result is that CNs are almost always written in a neutral style that just briefly presents facts with sources, and the extremely biased "fact checks" of the sort that have been embarrassing Facebook for years are basically absent. By the nature of the system sometimes bad CNs appear briefly, but they get fixed quickly.

3. Because it's algorithmic and anyone can write notes, it doesn't discriminate in favour of the rich and powerful. Elon Musk gets community noted, he even sometimes just posts stuff and then asks CN specifically to check it. Facebook's "fact checks" were written by the sort of people who simply assume academics, civil servants and activists are always right, with the result that they never fact checked such people even when they were saying things that were completely wrong.

4. They are much more concise.

5. Even the name is better. They don't claim to be final judgements of truth, just notes created and voted on by an amorphous community. This is a much more defensible claim: much of the scorn towards fact checkers acknowledged by Zuck is because they claim to be "checking facts" but often just pick fights or try to block true facts they don't like.
> "Starts from"

This is a marketplace, not cloud pricing.
Don't know about the folks on that website, but a lot of folks who do these longer rides (i.e., one or more weeks) are retired and/or older and in a good financial position to where they can take the time off (also no young kids at home).
Interesting, I never considered it part of the application stack. It routes a dozen or so separate services so it feels at home next to Wireguard, DHCP, and DNS.
>Claims are challenged all the time by other users and there are enough cases where fact checkers were wrong or heavily biased.

I've only seen a handful of cases where they were wrong of heavily biased, but I've seen hundreds of cases where the poster refuses to accept they are wrong and the fact checkers are right.

>Community notes provide higher quality info, it is the better approach. That is an opinion of course.

Roughly the same info but from less trusted sources and with less controls being higher quality sounds like a big bag of wishes but not grounded in reality.

>We will probably see community notes on trusted flaggers.

I expect lots of partisan complaining and yelling, but not a lot of actual valid challenges.
I think this is because of how extremely cleverly they picked the art style for the game. You have a lot of diffuse surfaces for which prebaking the lighting just works. Overcast skies allow for diffuse ambient lighting rather than very directional lights, which force angle-dependent shading and sharp high contrast shadow outlines. And the overwhelming majority of glossy surfaces are not too shiny which also helps out a lot. All of these are believable choices in this run-down, occupied, extremely dystopian world. And the texturing with its muted color palette pulls it all together.
Location: NY, NY.

Remote: Open to remote or onsite work

Willing to relocate: Yes! Especially open to countries where I would have to learn a new language
Technologies: TypeScript, React, Python, Django, FastAPI, Figma ProtoTyping, MongoDB, Docker, Terraform, AWS, Azure, Firebase, ThreeJS

Resume/CV: https://elijahkennedy.com/resume.html

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eliken/

Github: https://github.com/Elijer

Website: https://elijahkennedy.com/

email: elijahclimbs dot gmail dot com

Hi I'm Elijah! I am a fullstack web engineer with 5 years of professional experience, mostly in healthcare startups. I am open to both full-time roles and contract work.
I tested ollama with 7600XT at work and the mentioned 7900XTX. Both run fine with their VRAM limitations. So you can just switch between different quantization of llama 3.1 or the vast amount of different models at https://ollama.com/search
People pressed for time just need to learn better recipes. If I make a pot of beans (almost effortless, really) I can eat it for days.
Can it run on a MS-DOS machine with 640 KB of RAM?
As someone who didn't go too crazy with the custom keymaps, it's a thumb press for the Ctrl key, and a pinky press for the tab key. (I have the Tab key in the expected spot.) Ctrl+Shift+Tab works as expected also.
Good ones /of what/?

Are we talking a human subject? Nature?
Well yeah sure, but obviously people who fail at living in New York don't count.
Still, Valve better foster a GNU/Linux ecosystem, than create castles on a foreign kingdom.

Proton will only work as long as Microsoft doesn't care it exists.
Nvidia Launches Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform to Accelerate Physical AI
But being at the head of a social network is political.
Every choice is political. Allowing extreme speech to circulate is political, not authorizing it is political too.
It is not corporate censorship, it's regulation. without regulation, it will be the voice of the loudest / strongest. And I think we need some rationality, not polarisation.
Ask HN: Who Should Own AI?
It seems that AI companies, in their vision of the future, are trying to sell a world much like the one we live in today, but with AI systems replacing much of the intellectual and physical work that is done. They tend to gloss over what will happen to the people losing their jobs, and completely ignore who will own and benefit financially from this automation.

In Dario Amodei's essay, "Machines of Loving Grace", the world has powerful AI that is more capable than the smartest humans, and it controls a robotic workforce that can automate most jobs. Yet, he also talks about a world where corporations still exist. What role would a corporation really serve in a world where AI and robots are doing all the work? Especially since this AI has basically been made possible by taking the sum of human work and knowledge. Shouldn't the AI systems at that point be owned by the people?
https://transitcosts.com/about/

Why do transit-infrastructure projects in New York cost 20 times more on a per kilometer basis than in Seoul? We investigate this question across hundreds of transit projects from around the world. We have created a database that spans more than 50 countries and totals more than 11,000 km of urban rail built since the late 1990s. We will also examine this question in greater detail by carrying out six in-depth case studies that take a closer look at unique considerations and variables that aren’t easily quantified, like project management, governance, and site conditions.

The goal of this work is to figure out how to deliver more high-capacity transit projects for a fraction of the cost in countries like the United States. Additionally, we hope that our site will be a useful resource for elected officials, planners, researchers, journalists, advocates, and others interested in contextualizing transit-infrastructure costs and fighting for better projects.

If you have ideas and evidence about why transit costs vary so greatly from one country to the next or you just want to connect with us, please get in touch at info[at]transitcosts.com or click on the “Contact Us” tab. We are trying our best to get things right, but we don’t know everything and we will invariably make mistakes. Correct us and expand our understanding of transit-infrastructure planning, construction, and financing. We are always looking for new projects, data, corrections, resources, and feedback.

We are a group of researchers under the umbrella of the NYU Marron Institute of Urban Management, but our team is spread across the globe. Our research is supported by Arnold Ventures, Andrew and Carolyn Chatham, and others.
Interesting, I never soak them myself, just put them in a pot, cover with water, add salt and baking soda and let it simmer for an hour or so until tender.
I found it funny that it tried to use some economic indicators to gauge the state of the economy but failed to mention any metric related to wealth inequality and income inequality.
With this approach, we could actually mark all posts that comment on or describe the same topic, for example, what an immutable variable in Rust is, as DUPE.
>It's not solely about currying favor. Many tech giants hate getting pushed around by politicians and courts around the world demanding censorship.

Taking steps to not be pushed around by an incoming president who has clearly suggested he'll push them around is, quite literally, currying favor.
It does not ignore that - it plots exactly what it plots, total solar watts installed per person.

If your claim is that we don't "build" the solar panels, and therefore that's not a meaningful metric to include in a article about building things, I guess that's fine. But for civic / personal construction projects, it's perfectly fine to say "we scouted, permitted, and built a ton of things including solar farms", regardless of where the raw materials were sourced.
Nowadays, as someone who has heavily used LaTeX, I think WYSIWYG is rightly dismissed as WYSIAYG (ie "What You See Is ALL You Get").

There's a certain power that comes when you can designate that something is a section header, or a title, or a paragraph, or an equation -- and that power is felt when you decide you want to change the style for all the titles and section headers, or change how you number and reference equations and theorems.

Word processors (to the best of my knowledge -- it's been years since I've used one) can't do this. This kind of power comes from markup languages, like LaTeX or HTML/CSS (if you organize your documents correctly).

Having said that, there are LaTeX editors that both provide a certain amount of "What You See Is What You Get" (I think one is called "LyX", and I think GUI Emacs provides this, too) but nonetheless allow you to use LaTeX directly when you need it; I guess this is equivalent to the "Show Codes" ability that WordPerfect provided. (I wouldn't know, though, because I prefer to use Vim to write my documents.)

Also, I would agree that when things become freely available, that can be a game-changer, but as someone who grew up with a terminal and a giant computer with 8-inch disks and an Atari 800XL, when a neighbor showed off his Macintosh, it would be out of the question for my family to think of that as "free".
Show HN: Rizz – Open-source real-time voice AI coach to practice social skills
Hey, we’re Jack, Neil, and Brian. We built Rizz AI, an open source AI companion app that let’s you practice things like dating, talking to strangers, ordering a coffee, negotiating, etc.

The app is built with Next.js and OpenAI-compatible APIs, and requires no infrastructure beyond a Stripe account and Vercel/Netlify account.

The AI voice runs on Gabber.dev, a tool we built for a consumer app we launched. We had tried to use an off-the-shelf AI voice solution, but between price and dev x, it was way too expensive and it ended up being easier to build it ourselves.

We are hoping to build more open-source apps like Rizz over the coming weeks so more people have a warm start on building AI apps, so stay tuned if you’re interested in starting one!

Rizz is free to try, so let us know what you think, and of course the code is available for anyone wanting to fork it and play around or build their own.

- Launch video: https://youtu.be/EBUxgqi97ug

- App: https://rizz.ai/

- https://github.com/gabber-dev/example-app-rizz-ai
> no Marxist country has ever had a french fry problem

No food, no food problems (head tapping meme guy pic)
> And now a serious point: people have been complaining about food price inflation, and blaming the usual suspects of fiat money and Democrats, but .. what if it was actually the people making the food putting up the prices? Doesn't it often turn out that the secret ingredient is in fact some kind of crime?

What if it was increasing labor prices due to decreases in labor force participation rate and more preferable options for people to earn money?

https://www.voronoiapp.com/wealth/The-Growth-in-Real-Wages-b...
> This article will cover the usage of the framework for beginners who are either scared of C++ or just bad at it

I'm in the latter camp and want to thank you for your "Getting Started" Page. The teapot appeared and I understood things I did not think I would understand. I do not have time to finish your tutorial at the moment (due to only having 30 whole minutes for lunch), but I want to, which says more about how entertaining and accessible it is than anything.
Note the 20 series bombed, largely because of the price hikes coupled with meager performance gains, so the initial plan was for the 30 series to be much cheaper. But then the 30 series scalping happened and they got a second go at re-anchoring what people thought of as reasonable GPU prices. Also they have diversified other options if gamers won't pay up, compared to just hoping that GPU-minable coins won over those that needed ASICs and the crypto market stayed hot. I can see nVidia being more willing to hurt their gaming market for AI than they ever were for crypto.

Also also, AMD has pretty much thrown in the towel at competing for high end gaming GPUs already.
It is perfectly reasonable to assume lead would affect people 2000 years ago the same way it does today. Human biology hasn't changed.
I never responded to you but I appreciate the level of detail in your response. I'll keep this in mind when I pick up the book next time.
> PLANET FEDORA used to be very active, but this year it's even more quiet than last year, e.g. only 4 new entries from 3 people in the past 5 days

Maybe blogging is dying rather than Fedora?
Using Emojis to Trigger a Remote DoS in Messenger
There's a parallel here with a lot of other industries... back 10+ years ago, companies like Lamb Weston had a lot of actual farmers in the management ranks, IE: people who grew up working in the fields. The shift started sometime after 2000 to MBA types who (thought they) knew numbers, but had never been close to the product. My uncle was one of those farmer types who had helped these companies find serious success (he was part of the development of the curly fry, sweet potato fry, etc) and saw the writing on the wall when he retired and saw the type of new era corporate managers that were coming in.
> Hasn't Trump promised deregulation?

Right alongside with promising to end the Ukraine war within 24 hours of his winning the election, sure. (As far as I can tell, that promise was broken.)