skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It's a little funny to think of a polyhedron (like the set of doubly stochastic matrices) as a manifold. The point here is that we're equipping the interior of this set with a certain "Riemannian metric" and using it to turn gradients into tangent vectors.

I thought the formulas for updates in this case were pretty opaque, so let's think of a simpler example. Say we want to optimize a function f(x_1, ..., x_n) over the simplex

\Delta = \{ (x_1, ..., x_n) : x_1 + ... + x_n = 1, x_i >= 0. \}

We can imagine that we're allocating a limited resource into n different bins. At each optimization step, say we have numbers g_i telling us partials of f with respect to the x_i. (Somewhat more generally, these numbers could tell us much we "regret" having allocated our resource into the ith bin.) How can we use this information to change our choices of x_i?

One option would be to take vanilla gradient descent steps. That is, we'd choose some small eta, set x_i := x_i - eta g_i, and somehow adjust these assignments to be a valid allocation. Another method, which tends to be more natural and do better in practice, is to set x_i := x_i exp(-eta g_i) and then divide each x_i by (x_1 + ... + x_n). (This is called the Hedge method, and "mysteriously" also looks just like a Bayesian update for a distribution of belief over n possibilities.) This is the flavor of method being used in the post to optimize over doubly stochastic matrices.

I've studied differential geometry but still have the impression that the proximal operator/mirror descent point of view is a little more natural in optimization/learning. Gesticulating wildly about Levi-Citiva connections is fun, but e.g. to optimize over the simplex it makes more sense to just ask: how should we regularize our updates to not be too "imprudent"? (Of course this depends on what problem you're solving!) One common story is that you want to avoid neglecting bins until you're very sure they're worthless. To do this, you can use a metric that makes your manifold look larger when you get near a vertex of the simplex (and then make sure you can do the necessary computations and find a good retraction map!), or you can think about what proximal operator to use/what Bregman divergence to use to regularize your updates. The paper used by this post uses a Fisher metric, which is the infinitesimal version of the KL divergence, and regularizing your updates by KL gives you things like the Hedge method/Bayesian updates.
I had a professor who is responsible for a lot of the more "modern" MUMPS stuff (lets be real, MUMPS is OLD!). Guy was pretty unbearable too.
I said by today's standards.. women going home with some random guy without anyone even having a phone number for them. No mobiles, no net, no nothing.

And in most cases that worked out fine, but today people would think it insane to even suggest that.
Interestingly, the asymptotically fastest known algorithm for minimum weight bipartite matching [A] uses an interior point method, which means it's also doing Riemannian optimization in some sense.

[A] https://www.quantamagazine.org/researchers-achieve-absurdly-...
Interesting. I've never had that issue (~15 years experience) but I always had CPUs with graphics drivers. Do you think that might be it? The danger zone was always at `startx` and never before. (I still buy CPUs with graphics drivers because I think it is always good to have a fallback and hey, sometimes I want to sacrifice graphics for GPU compute :)
That's a neat chip, especial max6816/max6817 version in SOT23 package!

but yeah, very expensive for what it does. If my MCU was really short on interrupts, I'd go with I2C bus expander with 5v-tolerant inputs and INT output - sure, it needs explicit protection for 24V operation, but it also only needs 3 pins and 1 interrupt.
No. You discuss it with your manager, and you do it at the appropriate time. Having both created, refactored and deleted lots of technical debt over the past 25 years, trust me: you just don't get to go rogue because "you're the engineer". If you do that, it might turn into "you were the engineer".

What if you spend a week or month refactoring something that needs a quick fix now and is being deleted in 1-2 years? That's waste, and if you went rogue, it's your fault. Besides, you always create added QA burden with large refactoring (yes even if you have tests), and you should not do that without a discussion first--even if you're the founder.

Communicate with your manager and (if they agree) VP if needed, and do the right thing at the right time.
> They describe it as being like EnergyStar which suggests they'll have a consumer accessible registry

I've seen Energy Star logos for 30 years and never knew there was a public database, never thought to verify, and I don't think anyone else has either. The only thing Energy Star has been useful for is extracting rebates from utility companies and buying shitty dishwashers which were certain to be worse than what they were replacing.

Verification is useless if no one knows about it, or if the data isn't actionable. I have verified UL mark numbers for questionable products, but they often resolve to some Chinese ODM you've never heard of like 'Xionshang Industrial Electric Company' whose name certainly doesn't match the product label. Do you know the components haven't been swapped out since certification was achieved? Was the product actually sourced from there or counterfeit? You have no way to verify any of that.

UL issues holographic stickers but I've seen those like 10% of the time and probably just as easily faked.
Well, if you did send it then you just perjured yourself, so you better hope you don't get caught :)
> By geometry problem, what I mean is that an individual car just takes up far too much space

And? Buses also take a lot of space. A road footprint of a bus is equivalent to about 15-20 cars (because it has to stop often). It pays off when the bus is fully occupied, but outside of rush hours, cars are a more _efficient_ way to use the road space.

Cars force city designers to build in a people-oriented way, rather than optimize for bike lanes.

> The presence of cars alters the built world in a direction which favors more cars

Yes, and that's great. The world where people are free to move is so much better than Soviet-style arrangements where you have to live in your factory's provided units. With great transit, sure.

> It is true that transit doesn't work as well with how post-war American suburbs are typically laid out

It works nowhere. And yes, I lived in very dense areas (Amsterdam, NYC, Moscow).
And people wonder why others don't "trust the science".
I can tell you living in south america that this is true. Three drinks esp. caiprinhas even at the expensive places would be about $13, $8 or $9 on promo. Cover for the fancy place is $17. Bottle service is $34.

Plus the bombed out building post war Berlin industrial feel is 1. Real, and 2. free for the promoter and the drinks are cheaper there. Yes, that's real barbed wire, and yes, its really electrified.
https://www.energystar.gov/ - Here's the registry.

And I'm not saying this will be that useful, just that it's not going to be a sticker and nothing else. That would be truly useless and pretty much just make money for sticker makers.
"Dwarf Planet" is probably a good compromise given the ongoing controversy of Pluto's status and most appropriate label.
> but I cannot sustain that level of concentration for long periods

You can fix this by paying attention to it. When your mind starts wondering acknowledge this, take 5 min 'break' lazily thinking about the task. Then get back to the task. This is sort of mind hack.

Another way to control your thoughts is through meditation. A lot can be done this way. To summarize it: you can consciously control what you are thinking about. It's non physically hard.
How well does said laptop handle google maps or a youtube live stream with chat? 1080p60fps video?
Launch Roundup: New Glenn and Starship headline first full week of 2025
phalates
Experts are expensive. Most defendants never get them.
I'm assuming that the operations being referred to in both cases are fp4 floating point operations. Mostly because

1. That's used for AI, so it's plausibly what they mean by "AI OPS"

2. It's generally a safe bet that the marketing numbers NVIDIA gives you is going to be for the fastest operations on the computers, and that those are the same for both computers when they're based on the same architecture.

Other than that, Terra is 10^12, Peta is 10^15, so 3352 Tera ops is 3.352 Peta ops and so on.
The Myth of Fuck You Money
So, basically it's like every other non-native development environment for mobile: basically useless when you want to use any feature of the phone.

These things always implement the easiest bit of mobile development (the UI) and then make everything else harder, so it's useless for anything non-trivial.
Is it dishwasher safe? Cleaning is the biggest hassle for me at least!
A good compromise might be renting or reselling the more expensive version when you're done. I often forget about the ongoing costs of keeping a tool that I don't use all that frequently once the initial batch of work is done.
Show HN: macOS dock pissed me off and I extended it
Hey HN!

So the other day macOS dock system pissed me off, completely.

I’m someone who runs 2 or 3 monitors daily: one for coding, one for chat apps, and one for design tools. But macOS only gives you a single Dock, which either stays on your main screen or auto-swaps wherever your mouse is. Complete hell.

I just wanted an easy way to keep a “chat dock” on my side monitor, a “development dock” on my center monitor, and maybe another “utilities dock” somewhere else—without messing with some complex, heavy, bloated dock replacement.

So I made one. And got feedback from my friends that it's good, and I should publish it.
In this hypothetical language I'm assuming that recursion is unsupported and that if threading is supported at all, then each thread has its own copy of every function's locals (or at least every function that can be called concurrently; structured concurrency might be leveraged to prove that some functions don't need to be reentrant, or maybe you just chuck a mutex in each function prologue and YOLO). However, while enforcing that basic recursion is forbidden isn't too difficult (you make the language statically-typed, all names lexically-scoped, and don't support forward declarations), it does probably(?) mean that you also lose first-class functions and function pointers, although I haven't thought deeply about that.
The thing is, a transit trip's true cost is also around $20 in SF and Seattle. It's just that perverse incentives hide it from users.

Waymo taxis deserve the same level of subsidies. It won't be happening any time soon because it'll be a death knell for transit, and will leave thousands of city employees without work.
Good stuff! Saving it for the weekend because I'm such a slow reader!
Unit 503
Which science don't you trust, the science that once said smoking is harmless or the science which currently says smoking is harmful? Or do you cover all your bases and just not trust science regardless?
It’s kind of a “tell”, right? On the face of things, it would make just as much sense to say “More software devs smoke Camels than any other cigarette.” You wouldn’t call out “doctors” unless everyone knew this was unhealthy.
After embarrassing blunder, AT&T promises bill credits for future outages
We have built something that hits on points 1, 3, 5, and 7 at https://reboot.dev/ ... but in a multi-language framework (supporting Python and TypeScript to start).

The end result is something that looks a lot like distributed, persistent, transactional memory. Rather than explicit interactions with a database, local variable writes to your state are transactionally persisted if a method call succeeds, even across process/machine boundaries. And that benefits point 7, because transactional method calls compose across team/application boundaries.

[1] Loosen Up The Functions
[3] Production-Level Releases
[5] Value Database
[7] A Language To Encourage Modular Monoliths
Chile is awful (Santiago specifically). Sorry if you are from there. High prices, high crime, full of feminists, everything closes early. Might as well move back to the west.
LittleJS Game Jam Results
They could not. That would not pass the 'clearly indicated' in the quoted rule. There is also another more general rule which enforces a label of 'sweetened' or 'with added sugars' for any kind of sweetening agent including fruit concentrate:

> 4. For fruit juices which have been sweetened by the addition of sugars, the sales name shall include the word "sweetened" or "with added sugar", followed by an indication of the maximum quantity of sugar added, calculated as dry matter and expressed in grams per litre. [1]

> A claim stating that sugars have not been added to a food, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product does not contain any added mono- or disaccharides or any other food used for its sweetening properties. [2]

Coming from a country of impenetrable legalese everywhere, I find these regulations very refreshing, they are incredibly easy to read and always straight to the point.

[1] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A...

[2] https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/memo_0...
<3 I loved this game so much as a kid!
From the blog:

> The fix would cost you basically nothing, and would remove a powerful tool from hands of thieves.

Maybe that was true a while ago, but it becoming much less true now. Most people and organisations outsource the email handling to the likes of Google and Microsoft. They tend to reject email that isn't DKIM signed, and add a "DKIM validated" header to those that are. "Tend" is probably too weak a word now - email that isn't signed isn't likely to be delivered.

So the mostly likely scenario now is "someone steaks email that can no longer be DKIM validated, but it is possible prove it was DKIM validated when it was received". If that's true rotating keys doesn't help.
Blackstone Infrastructure Fund for Individuals Raises More Than $1B
You can see them, it's just that finding the button to do so on a post is difficult. I think you need to navigate to the post from the notes section of the website.
Since people keep trying to draw the connection, I’ll try my hand.

The Internet is the most recent technology that is enabled a small number of individuals to become vastly wealthy alongside, of course, a certain lax style of government. As wealth inequality increases, more of the money in the economy becomes tied up in wealthy people’s investments and savings, which inflates asset prices.
I have been receiving various spam texts under the pretext of USPS has lost my mails and would like to reaffirm my address to them. The scammers are pretty smart to build an identical looking to site USPS (pretty easy if they copy CSS but change the endpoint for form submissions). Those with the keenest eyes and a bit of commonsense can dodge these types of phishing.
> In an attempt to substantiate the “More Doctors” claim, R.J. Reynolds paid for surveys to be conducted during medical conventions using two survey methods: Doctors were gifted free packs of Camel cigarettes at tobacco company booths and them upon exiting the exhibit hall, were then immediately asked to indicate their favorite brand or were asked which cigarette they carried in their pocket.

It was a different time and people genuinely did not know the harms of smoking like we do now, but this would be wrong to a caveman from 10000 BC
Even better! It would be a great opportunity for the author(s) to rewrite it in idiomatic Rust!
Having been to raves, another issue you run into if you go there to meet people is that the kind of people who will hook up at raves probably don't want anything serious. It's a super hedonistic environment. If you want more than a one night stand any other form of dating is better.
Again, see the post by MaxGabriel at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42629109 where he explains how this measure actually defeated that particular pihishing/MITM attack.

The attack wasn't that the attacker has my second factor, the attack was that the attacker tricked me into verifying a single login/transaction using my two factors, on their behalf.

They probably judged that the inconvenience of the verification email affects few enough users that it is worth it. Most users don't switch IP addresses very often. And those that do, probably don't all clear their cookies after every session.

Adding SMS in addition to email would be obviously useless, as you point out.
It's a fancy word for "access things through a handle".
Picking and choosing companies like that could work if it could somehow remain apolitical. This registry can work despite the tendency for these things to become political.

What you’ve described is maybe more possible if provided by a Consumer Reports-style org that consumers could subscribe to.
Celestia might also give you some ideas:

https://github.com/CelestiaProject/Celestia
Speaking as someone who's never done any sort of graphics work, this is really cool! I wish there were more demos though. The web editor has a single program, the repo itself only appears to have one Rhai program too (the one used for the web editor) so I can't just copy from that. It would be great if the web editor had a dropdown of programs to try, such as the one I see in the first image of the post.
OP will surely deliver, let's just wait.
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_HTTP2_PROTOCOL_ERROR index.js:1
I don't think you can "cheat" at a clicker/experience game.

I wouldn't sweat it.

Even those javascript hacks posted on the page here are fair game.

I finished the game. I don't begrudge anyone for making it go faster.
> In general, while I can’t control how people react to this list, should this end up on, say, Hacker News, I’m looking more for replies of the form “that’s interesting and it makes me think of this other interesting idea” and less “that’s stupid and could never work because X, Y, and Z so everyone stop talking about new ideas” or “why hasn’t jerf heard of this other obscure language that tried that 30 years ago”. (Because, again, of course I don’t know everything that has been tried.)
Where is the ring gate?
I would simply find pleasure in being able to understand basically every level of the stack. For a RISC architecture, it's not too hard to get a grasp on how it works. Likewise for a simple-enough programming language. The problem(?) is that in between these two is an opaque black box--the optimization backend, which I feel I have no hope of understanding. So instead I wonder if it's possible to have a "safe" (safer than C) and "high-level" (more abstractive than C) language that is still useful and semi-performant, and I'm wondering how much ergonomics would need to be sacrificed to get there. It's a thought experiment.
Back in the day I had 2 Mbps ADSL and couldn't install anything with Docker because it didn't properly support caching and resolving failed downloads. Allegedly you can run the Danbooru image server software by just typing "docker compose" but I tried it and got a huge number of errors but not a clear explanation I was running the wrong version of docker compose. I guess I could try installing an old version of compose or I could figure out how to translate it to the new version. Either one seems like an unpleasant adventure that makes me think "maybe I can turn my RSS reader into an image sorter instead"

It also bothers me that people are so out of control of their tools. Back in 2005 I was running servers with 300+ different web sites running on them and could deploy a new instance in five minutes with scripts because I was disciplined with configuration files.

Allegedly it helps you be in better control of things, but I worked at a place where data scientists were always finding defective Pythons to build into images, like the Python that had Hungarian as a default charset.
"Scientists" paid by oil companies are the marketing department in lab coats.

From the World Economic Forum: Antarctica is losing a staggering 150 billion tons of glacier ice a year, and this rate of ice loss is accelerating. The main cause is ocean warming, which not only melts the ice sheet directly, but also thins the floating ice shelves that hold the ice sheet on land. As the ice shelves lose strength, they allow more ice to flow into the sea, raising the sea level.

The sea ice that surrounds the continent has been shrinking since 2016. This winter’s maximum sea ice extent was 1.75 million km2 below the 1981-2010 average, which means that an area the size of Libya was effectively missing.

The air above Antarctica is also heating up, causing surface melting that can trigger the collapse of ice shelves. In March 2022, East Antarctica was hit by the most extreme heatwave ever recorded on Earth, with temperatures soaring 38℃ above normal. If this heatwave had occurred in the summer, temperatures above melting point would have been reached in the coldest place on the planet for the first time.

https://www.weforum.org/stories/2023/11/antarctica-climate-c...
I pressed tab and it started working
One of the later chapters describes the Tyche tool, which seems to be available as this VisualStudio(Code?) extension https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Harrison... and has a standalone version at https://tyche-pbt.github.io/tyche-extension/

It reads JSON data (described in the paper), which can be generated during property checking, e.g. using https://github.com/tyche-pbt/tyche-quickcheck or a Hypothesis equivalent.
I explore the idea with https://tablam.org (relational + array). I even toyed with making relational queries to make types:

data Person = User ?except .password ?select .name, .id + Customer ?select .name, .customer_id AS .id

So the types are in full sync when changes on the schema happen. And all of this is type safe.
The section about language support for modular monoliths reminds me of John Lakos's "Large-Scale C++ Software Design", which focuses on the physical design/layout of large C++ projects to enforce interfaces and reduce coupling and compilation time. Example recommendations include defining architecture layers using subdirectories and the PImpl idiom. It's pretty dated (1996, so pre-C++98), but still a unique perspective on an overlooked topic.

https://www.amazon.com/dp/0201633620
These are contrived benchmarks at the extreme end of things. In real world usage the difference is drowned-out by the delays of so many other things happening in order to complete a handshake and key exchange. The mildly higher performance of RSA 3072 versus RSA 4096 wasn't even a big bonus during the CPU performances we had 15 years ago.
> rave culture used to be the antithesis of cover prices and fancy drinks...the domain of the transient, the semi-homeless, the youth that had left their parents houses without much money

And before that, it was grunge rock. But now, check out the prices for Pearl Jam tickets!
That Cringely guy who used to post an IT column.
My browser put up a dialog asking for permission to control midi devices before the site showed anything.

It's a good idea to show content before your page does anything that asks for scary permissions. (And, honestly, without knowing what the site does, its pretty scary to click on a link on hacker news and have a site ask for elevated permissions before it shows anything.)