skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Explicit <eot> is only used in training.

At inference time, the paper says:

> A challenge
lies in determining when to switch between latent and language modes. As we focus on the problem-solving
setting, we insert a <bot> token immediately following the question tokens. For <eot>, we consider two
potential strategies: a) train a binary classifier on latent thoughts to enable the model to autonomously
decide when to terminate the latent reasoning, or b) always pad the latent thoughts to a constant length. We
found that both approaches work comparably well. Therefore, we use the second option in our experiment for
simplicity, unless specified otherwise.

(the bottom of the page 4 in the paper pdf, which can be downloaded from https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.06769)

Why this point in you summary caught my eye, because the article specifically emphasises non-verbal nature or aspect of reasoning. Internal representaions used by a thinking human are largely not words, and the COCONUT approach tries to model that.

Also note, that a whole reasoning step in training data - easily a sentence or more of natural language - can be replaced by a single "Thought" element. (How many Thought elements replace a reasonong step is controlled by a hyperparameter ‘c’; the illustrations are made for ‘c=1’).

BTW, one observation: the aipapersacademy.com article in the subject calls the Thought elements "thought tokens", but the original paper never calls them "tokens", just "Thoughts" or "latent thoughts". I suppose the paper carefully avoids that to prevent confusion, as "token" mainly means a linguistic unit in LLMs.
On the former point, all the wealthy countries are in team USA, although team USA seems intent on shooting itself on the foot multiple times.

Team China is not as tight as team USA, but has a number of strings it can pull with its members. These are countries that, while not prosperous themselves, provide the raw material for most of the West's industries. A lot of critical resources are often only found in these countries. Not to mention, they have often aligned against USA gang in most cases, at the UN, while also aligning with China. Look at how many countries have signed public declarations stating that the Uighur camps in China don't exist/don't repress Uighurs.

On the second point, the article only states that China is cutting Ukrainian drone supplies to supply Russia instead - that's exactly the danger the West should be worried about. China also supplies an increasing number of armaments to partner countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Nigeria and Egypt. Needless to say, China is currently the world's largest exporter of military UAVs.
This is a trick question, because the only correct answer is "it depends".

The definitions are arbitrary and vary - sometimes wildly or completely opposite - from company to company and industry to industry. Some companies don't use titles at all and use levels - which are also arbitrary and differ accordingly.

If you never leave the incestuous Silicon Valley bubble, however, you may never learn this.
> To wit, ghostty does not actually have a fast release velocity compared to its peers.

Sigh. I’ll explain again but seems like you don’t want to listen either ;)

My original comment didn’t have to spark a comparison war.

If I walk past a new flower shop in my village and remark at how beautiful the roses look, it isn’t criticizing all other flower shops and or saying this one has the best roses. Maybe I even already know a shop with better roses. It’s just a comment, not a declaration of superiority. It actually doesn’t matter if another shop sells better roses, it doesn’t make the initial comment wrong, worthless and worth shooting down.

Now let’s say 5 days after the shop opens, they leave the doors and till unlocked and the local news posts an article about it on the front page. The shop owner reacts quickly to improve security.

A little embarrassing perhaps. So seeing this, I think to say something encouraging instead of piling on negativity, because new businesses can be good for people but also face a lot of challenges.

Basically, something called empathy :)
The bitter lesson isn’t a law of nature, though. And as GPT-style LLMs appear to be at the foot of a scaling wall, I personally think inductive bias is due for a comeback.
Everyone keeps claiming this but we have zero evidence of any kind of scaling wall what-so-ever. Oh you mean data? Synthetic Data, Agents, and Digitization solve that.
My experience of speaking to people who make the decisions is that titles are absolutely a social signal that gets people to listen. Now, if what you say is too whacky, or you demonstrate a total lack of ability once given a chance, then you’ll lose that listening privilege. However, a more senior title can get people’s ears opened in the first place.
Crashes per mile is multiple times lower than the human rate for both Waymo and Tesla. If your definition of solved is that there will be 0 collisions ever then the problem will never be solved. But if we have a system that is much better at driving than most humans, I think that qualifies it as good enough to start using.
zendesk -- nothing to be proud of there.
We’re rapidly approaching a login-only internet. If you’re not logged in with google on chrome then no website for you!

Attestation/wei enable this
The bookstore clerk told us that, and suggested that we purchase an army improvised munitions field manual. Lol
Been using my Framework 13 since launch. It's definitely better than the MacBook I had before it. I have not had to repair it even once (vs 3 times in 3 years for the Mac).

The "repairability" doesn't really matter much when it doesn't break. Any CPU from the last 10 years should be good enough for me to just be coding in vim. Perhaps faster compilation speed for Rust but I mostly write Go anyways.

I'm hoping new parts will still be supported/available in 10 years when I'll actually consider upgrading anything.

The best thing about it is Linux support. I have friends who regularly get driver issues or whatever on other systems but that's never been a problem for me
And a lot of time to post only about kitty XD
Yeah. There was some legitimate criticism at the beginning with things like Reader, but it has devolved into bad faith arguments like renaming a product being killing the original, merging products being killing one, migrating to new solutions on a pre-agreed deprecation timeline being killing… all companies do all of these things and it’s not news.
You should worry though if a helpful tool only seems to do a good job in areas you don't know well yourself. It's quite possible that the tool always does a bad job, but you can only tell when you know what a good job looks like.
Not how I identify myself, but sure. What’s your point?
While I am not aware of a Linux syscall that would be equivalent to QueueUserAPC() to allow this to happen, the kernel writing to stack memory is not the problem here. The problem is that a C++ exception was invoked and it unwound a C stack frame. C++ exceptions that unwind C stack frames invoke undefined behavior, so the real solution is to avoid passing function pointers to C++ functions not marked noexcept to C functions as callbacks. It is rather unusual that Windows permits execution on the thread while the kernel is supposed to give it a return value. Writing to the stack is not how I would expect a return value to be passed. Presumably, had the stack frame not been unwound, things would have been fine, unless there is a horrific bug in Windows that should have been obvious when QueueUserAPC() was first implemented.

Anyway, it is a shame that the compiler does not issue a warning when you do this. I filed bug reports with both GCC and LLVM requesting that they issue warnings, which should be able to avoid this mess if the compilers issue them and developers heed them:

https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=118263

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/121427
In 2024, the camera of the year was a drone
Framework have extensive, ifixit-style guides on their website: https://guides.frame.work/c/Framework_Laptop
Different spellings.
It doesn't seem like the blog post reflects your experience. Nor mine to be honest.

Staff engineers are mostly concerned with teams and projects moving forward, not writing code much.

On the other hand it's company specific. The same way armies differ in their pyramid and roles and responsibilities so do engineering teams.
Actually usable now, or still entirely insecure?
> The one explosive they mention by name as "unstable" is actually a pretty professional primary

There's no contradiction here, the main characteristic of a primary is it's (relative) instability.
At some point I'd drink a lot, but then alcohol stopped being fun. Instead of happy, it just made me tired. Now I drink much less, so that I get a bit of buzz, but not enough to get sleepy. The flipside is that earlier I'd know that I'd get completely wasted on the weekends and stay sober on weekdays, but now there's this voice "you can drink one beer on weekday too", but then I just make myself some tea.

Similar story with weed, except I can't dose it, it's either nothing or completely baked, so I'm switching from "baked from Friday evening to Monday morning" to "one evening per two weeks". The worst part was the brain fog, I could feel myself becoming more and more stupid.

Probably I'd enjoy a lot some stimulants, but virtually all of them are highly addictive, so yeah. I do LSD every now and then, which is super fun because it does have a stimulating effect, but it's something you can only do every few months, so yeah.
Ask HN: What did you do during the holidays?
There is nothing you can’t do with classical drywall. Curved walls, ornamentation, patterns, integrated furniture… you name it. 3d printing has a huge limitation here - you need support to print over empty area. I am sure it’s not fun removing concrete support pieces from huge concrete structure without cracks.
Titles are a great initial assessment as to how much of a politician or charlatan someone may be in the org.
It would have only helped if it were applied to the OS kernel.
It's company dependent but in general less coding, more management, more decision making power, more money, different responsibility.

A senior in one org may have the responsibilities of the staff in another one, it depends.
There are laws barring explosives, see https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/842, and the one mentioned in the article is listed as having no known use with at least some evidence of others being charged with having it.

Maybe the charge would get thrown out at some point, but not including it in the indictment seems odd.
Yes, because some hosts were getting unnecessary grief because it “felt” like they weren’t doing as well as others when in fact they were doing just fine.
The US could destroy the one thing that make its economy unbreakable and ensure its ability to print infinite money at will without consequences? That's essentially the worst plan they could implement.
It does, but barely, and it's not like I am planning "okey I am gonna watch movie in 2 hours, let's plug that thing right now". It's either I was using it, so it's not full 100%, or I wasn't, and it's 0%
Treasury Sanctions Entities in Iran and Russia (2024 Election)
DJI Tello Drone is a “toy” drone costing around 100€/$ with the cool feature of being able to access/control via wifi with python.
One could argue that if you work in a place where people only start listening to you if you have the right title, that place might not have the best culture to begin with.

Instead of trying to climb those ranks, it might perhaps make more sense to look for a place where your input is valued based on its own merit and not based on what label is attached to your active directory entry.
In the 90's, Tower Records sold The Anarchist Cookbook no questions asked. Its recipes didn't appear very well researched and some seemed outright lethal or impossible.
Let's say the CEO agrees with you and is horrified of any amount of unnecessary data being stored.

How would they then enforce this in a large company with 50k programmers? This was what the previous post was discussing.

Not to mention, a lot of this data is necessary. If you're invoicing, you need to store the names and many other kinds of sensitive data of your customers, you are legally required to do so.
If the compiler would just issue warnings in the following cases, then noexcept would be useful for preventing this problem:

https://godbolt.org/z/rjPfYjnzf

https://godbolt.org/z/14ocshsE5

I filed bugs against both GCC and LLVM requesting warnings:

https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=118263

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/121427
YouTube recommendations can be enough…
This will escalate to those that side with Ukraine and those that side with Russia, sadly we're too naive to learn from past mistakes.
2020 election: Biden 51.3% 81.2 million (302 electoral), Trump 46.8% 74.2 million (232 electoral). Democrats control of House (but lost 13 seats) and quasi-control of Senate (gained 3 seats).

2024 election: Trump 49.7% 77.3 million (312 electoral), Harris 48.4% 75 million (226 electoral). Republicans control of House (but lost 1 seat) and control of Senate (gained 4 seats).

1972 election: Nixon 60.7% 47.2 million (520 electoral), McGovern 37.5% 29.2 million (17 electoral). Democrats control of House (but lost 13 seats) and control of Senate (gained 2 seats).

1984 election: Reagan 58.8% 54.5 million (525 electoral), Mondale 40.6% 37.6 million (13 electoral). Democrats control of House (but lost 16 seats). Republicans control of Senate (but lost 2 seats).

Source: many Wikipedia links
Hi thanks for this.
Arca doesn’t give you a new email address. It works with the one you already have. Your emails are encrypted on your computer before being sent so only you and the recipient can read them. This way your data stays private and Arca doesn’t rely on storing it on central servers.

Also While Arca simplifies encryption, it’s not just a GUI for GPG.
It handles all the complicated parts like key management and encryption automatically so you don’t have to. Think of it as making secure email as easy as regular email but without compromising your privacy.
All chemists are pyros, by definition and by requirement.
Think it's not simple China or India issue. Even in those countries, new gen kids grow up with too much not too little, depending of course on who their dads are.

Even with latest hardware, there must be incentives to optimise on size, memory, CPU time etc. But given natural tendency, we just optimise on what's the rarest of them all - time to market. Get it shipping fast.

I was once in a training (as new consultant) for software, the instructor, an old fashioned guy said quit using the mouse learn the keyboard shortcuts - your customer is watching you. He was damn right cos years later, I realised so many customers did remark, how do you do that so fast? To this day, running some command in Excel (say) access Name manager, I use kB shortcut that hasn't changed in decades. I frankly even lost track of where to find them in the menu bar.

Simple things but powerful. Do with less.
I fully expect that the intention is to force you into opening up the laptop to install the RAM. RAM is so easy to install that there's basically no risk of the customer messing up, and it exposes you to how easy it is to open up your laptop and how high quality the build is. Worked very well for me, I knew I would not accept buying anything of a lower standard before I even powered it on for the first time.
How much is my paper worth?
Anything fun in life is illegal, immoral, fattening, or dangerous.

In high school chemistry, I once superheated magnesium in a covered crucible and then blew on. That was fun.
That’s one crazy claim to make.
You’re spot on! Arca encrypts emails locally, and you hold the keys. This means even if servers are attacked, your data stays secure because only you can decrypt it—unlike ProtonMail, where they manage the keys.
It is a C interface. It is implicitly noexcept. I filed bugs against both GCC and LLVM requesting warnings when someone passes a non-noexcept C++ function pointer to either a C function or to a C++ noexcept function:

https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=118263

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/121427

Perhaps the C++ standards committee should specify that doing this should cause a compiler failure, rather than a warning.
My comment isn't exactly about embarrassing pasts or patriotism. There is lack of basic understanding about preserving data, records and books properly; not just the "how", but also the "why". Just go to any college in the country and see how librarians and students deal with the books they hold, and compare it to how colleges in the US/Europe do the same. The difference is night and day. This can be any type of book; doesn't matter if it's history or math.

Treat a book properly, and thousands of people across future decades will be able to peruse it. Treat it like garbage, and that knowledge won't be available in the future. It's the same with digitization. You need a plan to keep all the books you digitize, or else it's in danger of getting lost if the government/responsible person gets defunded/deprioritized.

All talk about "glorious history of culture and science" is hollow if you cannot store proof of it properly.
Emacs: Fringe Matters, Finding the Right Difference
Great, useful article. Remember: the same principle holds in the world of the psyche. Those people walking around, seeming effortlessly happy? Unless if they're little children, a horrendous amount of effort has been invested to their inner peace. It took me years to realize that. Being envious is much easier than being humble and diligent with getting one's shit together.

My wish for 2025 is for massive, decentralized, slow yet steady psychological magic. HNY, HN.
> The most inherently sensible home would be protected from wind (derecho, hurricane, and the uncommon tornado), fire, flooding, and severe heat and cold (and associated climate control costs) by building mostly underground on flat, stable, high ground.

If I had the luxury of time and money that's the kind of home I'd build out, probably with a few Maginot line type turrets peeking out from the "roof".
SpaceX is mass-producing the engines, mass-producing the heat shield tiles, the fuel is cheap, the structure is stainless steel (cheap), payload capacity is huge, and full rapid re-usability seems well under way. There is no way Starship will not be the cheapest launch platform (per kilogram) if and when it is operational. It will definitely have a launch price tag for under $100m.
I’m still not sure what this guy is meant to have done wrong beyond having a rifle that’s “too short” and blowing up some shit on his own property and I guess having some edgy political ideas.

None of which should be crimes.
here’s to all be alive and well floating in amniotic liquid living in VR paradise
You’re right! Arca isn’t hosted on their servers, it’s software you run locally. The mention of MacFUSE is for creating a secure, encrypted drive on your device, ensuring your data remains protected even at rest.
Show HN: Otak – A platform for creating ChatGPT-powered chatbots for WhatsApp
After 4 months of development, I'm humbled to share my no-code tool called Otak that simplifies WhatsApp chatbot creation without the need for coding or complex flowcharts.

Why did I build this?

Integrating with the WhatsApp Cloud API is notoriously challenging, even for experienced developers. For small businesses and non-technical users, it's often impossible. Despite the many chatbot solutions available, most were built pre-ChatGPT, relying on outdated flow-based approaches rather than RAG. For those that were built post-ChatGPT, WhatsApp integration is often not a priority.
How about building some government you trust, check on their actions, ousting madmen from politics, and strictly regulate this 2a nonsense once for all?

Unless, of course, you really trust Trump less than any random wacko....
The last ThinkPad I was really happy with was the X61 I had though. I, however, got used to the track point, so I stocked. The Z13 is only half a ThinkPad but at least Lenovo did considerable engineering to solve the thermal issues of new processors fitted into the old ThinkPad design for 13 in. Now I only have tons of BIOS/firmware/driver issues. Often doesn't hibernate and spin loops until battery is empty and my whole bag is heated to 80°C. I think they are not able to manage all those absurd variants they created. Would try a framework if the marketplace had ThinkPad keyboards.
That would not catch this. This is technically undefined behavior, but UBSAN does not have a check for this:

https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer.html#...

What would catch this would be a C++ compiler warning. I filed bug reports against both GCC and LLVM asking for one:

https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=118263

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/121427
Dont let the voters know about this or we will
> Zig enthusiasts

Yeah, don’t you think they might be perhaps just slightly biased? I have some news for you about your average technology enthusiast…

Anyone who claims Zig is going to replace Rust knows nothing about either Zig, Rust, or both. Zig is designed to solve none of the problems that Rust solves. Trillion-dollar corporations are rewriting things in Rust because it solves problems that really matter to them.

The US government strongly recommends writing all new mission-critical code in memory-safe languages. Guess which one of Rust and Zig is memory-safe?

I have nothing against Zig, it looks like a very nice better C, and the comptime stuff is both cool and useful. But its priorities are not Rust’s priorities.
Here in the UK there's been a boom in robot delivery over the years:

https://www.starship.xyz/

"Slow but steady" I would call it.
"Just give Ukraine what it needs to defeat Russia in Ukraine to prevent a real world war."

Ukraine needs ammo and soldiers. West is unable to produce enough of first, and is unwilling to give the second, which is reasonable, considering demography.
Macintosh were still black and white at the time, and really expensive, more so than PCs, a tradition that never changed.

Amiga yes, but it got the fame of only being good for people doing games, thus it had a hard time getting adoption on business offices.
so you also made a tennis ball rocket?
Because the turret thing was probably a drunken shitpost/joke he made to the informant that he thought was his friend much like the “claymore roomba” or “tannerite dog” meme.
When I was in the Marines, I was promoted to Lance Corporal twice (and wasn't demoted between the two promotions.) The unit I was in just wasn't that great with Admin.