skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Here's a skeleton of what I use:

#Requires AutoHotkey v2.0
#SingleInstance force

MsgBox(A_ScriptName " started",, "T0.5")

SendLevel 1 ; allows triggering of hotkeys and hotstrings of another script, which normally would not be the case

LongPress := 0.2 ; 200ms

F18::{ ; first pointer button
Switch WinGetProcessName("A") {
Case "firefox.exe" :
Send "+{F3}" ; Shift-F3 - Find previous
Case "vlc.exe" :
Send "PgUp"
Default:
NoFunctionDefined(A_ThisHotkey)
}
return
}

F20::{ ; third pointer button
activeapp := WinGetProcessName("A")
Switch activeapp {
Case "vlc.exe" :
Send "s"
Default:
}
if (activeapp = "firefox.exe") {
waitvar := (KeyWait(A_ThisHotkey, "T" LongPress)) ; waits LongPress seconds maximally for F20 to be released
if waitvar {
; Short press action
Send "{F24}"
}
else {
; Long press action
Send "{F5}" ; F5 - reload tab
}
KeyWait A_ThisHotkey ; waits for F20 to be released (avoids key repeat from retriggering)
} else {
Send "{F24}"
}
return
}

NoFunctionDefined(hotkey)
{
Tooltip("No function defined for " . hotkey "`nActive app is " WinGetProcessName("A"))
SetTimer () => ToolTip(), -2000
return
}

; --- Shift-Media_Play_Pause will Reload this script ---
~+Media_Play_Pause::{
MsgBox(A_ScriptName " Reloading...",, "T0.5")
Reload
Sleep 1000 ; If successful, the reload will close this instance during the Sleep, so the line below will never be reached.
if MsgBox("The script could not be reloaded. Would you like to open it for editing?","Reload", "YesNo") = "Yes"
Edit
return
}
Yeah, as if defending against the actual user of the drone would have been a good thing.
[dupe] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42549343
What is the new breakthrough in robotics that is gpu driven ? There are subsets of the overall problem that can be solved by a gpu (eg object detection) but the whole planning and control algo scheme seems to be more or less the same as it has been for the past decades. These typically involve non-convex optimization so not much gpu benefit.
> About "people still thinking LLMs are quite useless", I still believe that the problem is that most people are exposed to ChatGPT 4o that at this point for my use case (programming / design partner) is basically a useless toy....

and

> a key thing with LLMs is that their ability to help, as a tool, changes vastly based on your communication ability.

I still hold that the innovations we've seen as an industry with text transfer to the data from other domains. And there's an odd misbehavior with people that I've now seen play out twice -- back in 2017 with vision models (please don't shove a picture of a spectrogram into an object detector), and today. People are trying to coerce text models to do stuff with data series, or (again!) pictures of charts, rather than paying attention to timeseries foundation models which directly can work on the data.[1]

Further, the tricks we're seeing with encoder / decoder pipelines should work for other domains. And we're not yet recognizing that as an industry. For example, whisper or the emerging video models are getting there, but think about multi-spectral satellite data, fraud detection (a type graph problem).

There's lots of value to unlock from coding models. They're just text models. So what if you were to shove an abstract syntax tree in as the data representation, or the intermediate code from LLVM or a JVM or whatever runtime and interact with that?

[1] https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-timeseries-ttm-r1 - shout-out to some former colleagues!
I visit HN about 10 times a day. Mostly, I’m a lurker—this site has been an invaluable source of knowledge for me. Thanks to everyone who makes it great :>

Happy New Year! Buon anno a tutti!
Don't do anything difficult until you've exhausted the easy ways first is generally good advice.

It's "work smarter not harder" for knowledge workers who don't realize that using your brain
more is the hard work in the saying.
I believe this is factually inaccurate. What's your source? Though admittedly, we have to depend on BO's predictions for per-kg launch costs, and those may be a lot higher for the first few missions and gradually ease off.

Google's AI tells me the current costs for a Starship launch is somewhere between $100m and $2b. Wikipedia says a Falcon 9 costs about $50m and can lift about 20t to LEO. I see a blurb that says Musk says Starship launches will get down to $10m each. But... that seems like an "asperational statement." He also said Full Self Driving Mode would be available in 2018, 2019, 2022 and 2025. Not trying to take away from the absolutely cool stuff his companies have done, but it seems like it will be a while before it costs $10m to launch a Starship.

This link from 2 years ago estimates a New Glenn launch costing $68m. I have no idea how accurate that number is. But if we're going to use Musk's "asperational" cost estimate for Starship launches in the distant future, we should let BO use an "asperational" figure as well.

https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2022/04/05/amazon-signs-rocket-deal...
Overall theme: Get back to my hobbies

- Gym 3x/week + go for a run 3x/week

- Write and record a song (lyrics + guitar) every week

- Print one photo in the darkroom per week

And then to make this all easier (inspired by the top comment atm)

- Internet-free Sunday
Andrej Karpathy: https://twitter.com/karpathy/status/1835024197506187617

> It's a bit sad and confusing that LLMs ("Large Language Models") have little to do with language; It's just historical. They are highly general purpose technology for statistical modeling of token streams. A better name would be Autoregressive Transformers or something.

> They don't care if the tokens happen to represent little text chunks. It could just as well be little image patches, audio chunks, action choices, molecules, or whatever. If you can reduce your problem to that of modeling token streams (for any arbitrary vocabulary of some set of discrete tokens), you can "throw an LLM at it".
> This is never universally applied

It is in other countries, is my point. In the US, anyone arrested has their mugshot and name plastered for everyone to see, regardless of merit
Another related idea: use fail2ban to monitor the server access logs. There is one filter that will ban hosts that request non-existent URLs like WordPress login and other PHP files. If your server is not hosting PHP at all it's an obvious sign that the requests are from bots that are probing maliciously.
What was 'Disease X' and what can we learn from it?
If it's not immediately useful, at what point in the future will it become useful?

Probably never.
Here's a few DSL (for programmers) examples that might make sense (the context is embedding DSLs into Python literal strings): https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41214365

For example, bash, SQL DSLs may be immediately useful by protecting against shell,sql injection: shutil.run(sh"command {arg}") may translate to subprocess.run(["command", os.fspath(arg)])

No shell--no shell injection. The assumption is that it enables sh"a | b > {c}" syntax (otherwise just call subprocess.run directly). Implementing it in pure Python by hand would be more verbose, less readable, more error-prone).
Please don’t. Just test us on how to center a div.
The comb jelly can fuse with another (including nervous and digestive systems)
Hard agree - you probably aren't making great art from learning a different denoise algorithm, but you certainly are by learning composition skills. There are great photographers out there who barely even touch the adjustments in software. And when they are touching the adjustments, it's probably not so technical focused as choosing a different algorithm. It'll be "creative" adjustments like tone mapping and colour LUTs.
> Happy Year++

You mean Happy ++Year of course ;)
Earlier: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42555052
Maybe because it is a country using technology to attack US. It caused deaths of US citizens. And this was going for 10+ years.

I have the opposite question, why that is not brought up every time China is mentioned.

https://www.naccho.org/blog/articles/cyber-attack-on-u-s-hos...

https://www.theregister.com/2024/12/30/att_verizon_confirm_s...

https://www.politico.com/news/2022/12/28/cyberattacks-u-s-ho... Yes these days more of it is Russia and DPRK (the peace loving prosperous country according to ByteDance's AI) but hmm let's see where they would get the tech from if they are banned from it otherwise
You suspect wrong. People are interested in things you're not. Get over it.
> but Michelson-Ambelang calls it a "colonial archive"

Didn't FDR pressure Churchill to give India independence ? It would make sense if the archive is in Briton.
I agree w/ Chuck. It's a BIG IF. I'm hoping for them. I really hope BO turns out to be a good competitor for SpaceX so they're both highly motivated. I've seen the sausage being made at a couple of new space companies (and at least one old space company.) Even more than chip vendors and PC clone manufacturers, Heavy Lift providers are their own worst enemies. If SpaceX fails, it will be because of something they decided to do, not something that was foisted upon them. Ditto for Rocket Lab and Blue Origin. But the cool flip side of that is they're free to do extremely cool/innovative things. The guys who are privately held aren't beholden to a board that wants increasingly dependable revenue and profits (looking at you, ULA.) And this does not seem to be the industry that can tolerate that. I'm bullish on SpaceX, BO and Rocket Lab (assuming Rocket Lab doesn't run out of runway.)
It enhances the throughput (on average everyone waits less) at the price of a higher max latency (some, who posted a request mobilizing a very-recently-out-of-cache-index, will wait way, way more...), isn't it? In the real world those worst cases quite often kill such optimization.

The (data size / cache size) ratio and queries local (in time) dispersion are key.
I would ask for a source for your claim but we both know it's bull.
The environmental arguments are hilarious to me as a diehard crypto guy. The ultimate answer to “waste” of electricity arguments is that energy is a free market and people pay the price if it’s useful for them. As long as the activity isn’t illegal then training LLMs or mining bitcoins, it doesn’t matter. I pay for the electricity I use.
Cruise is close to Wayno, but nobody is willing to invest in Cruise anymore
New Glenn's main customer will be Kuiper, Amazon's answer to Starlink.
I am going out on a limb and say that Project Kuiper satellites themselves are nowhere near ready. Amazon is supposed to launch 50% of the constellation of ~6000 into orbit by July 2026 or risk losing frequencies. So you would think there would be some urgency.

Amazon purchased pretty much all remaining Atlas 5 launches from ULA. This is a proven rocket and ready to fly. Why aren't the satellites being launched? The only thing I can think of is that they are not ready yet.
I've always used connection backlog as the metric for load and it's worked pretty well. Most web servers have it as a number you can expose as a metric. It's not perfect but it's at least a true measure of when servers are behind.
Happy new 2025 = (20 + 25)^2 = (2 + 0!)^2*5 = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9)^2 = 1^3 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + 5^3 + 6^3 + 7^3 + 8^3 + 9^3
Well there's not a multi century history, because the US hadn't existed for multiple centuries, or even a century before it started going to war with everybody around it! We even went to war with Canada! Literally every single nation which has ever had power is a "colonizer state". Friggin Sweden and Norway used to be sprawling empires! You have "colonizer states" and you have "vassal states."

And this reality of the world remains true to this day. It's just that the means change. Alexander the Great wisely stabilized his massive empire largely by letting areas under his control maintain an exceptional degree of sovereignty, minimizing overt resistance to his control. The US took this to the next step by not even directly claiming nations, but instead simply remotely controlling the governments of these nations, and simply overthrowing/replacing them when they became uncontrollable - and repeating the process. Made even easier with democracy, which has a paradoxical tendency to elevate unpopular people on the take, rather than popular ideologues, to power.

Whenever there's any need - we can easily compel the various defacto vassal states under our control to act, even when directly against their own self interest. See: Germany for the most overt illustration of this. Extracting wealth from vassals became somewhat less relevant with the introduction of fiat currency. So long as we force the world to use our money, we can simply print money as needed, export the inflation to other countries, and it effectively functions as real growth - at least until the whole system inevitably collapses in on itself in a debt filled void.
Happy new year, everyone’
Why would waymo own the entire market? Sure, they might be the first ones there, but every year recreating what is "good enough" should be cheaper and cheaper.
I think you can check out play.ai and speechify. but probably according to me, smallest has the best as of right now.
I think you would end up with a lot of onsite finish work with prefabbed walls that won't end up saving much time. And it makes transportation a lot more difficult.

That said, searching for prefab walls brings up a lot of things, from whole wall panels, to just prefabed wall framing, and of course, prefabed whole houses. So, it's out there, it's probably a matter of what a builder is familiar with and what's cost efficient for a particular job.
The best developers of the future arent the ones who mastered Python or Rust. It will be people who can describe complex things using a new permutation of English. That new English is evolving right now.

So using Ai isnt just about learning some stack or tinkering with a model. Its learning how to communicate with the AI under the current constraints.

Perhaps this goes against the ultimate goal. Speak plainly and AI understands. That's AGI. Today, we need to speak AI English, and that's a new knowledge domain all its own. Hopefully it will be shortlived.
Just build one yourself... It's quite simple and a lot cheaper. All the components you need are open source. Open hardware and software. When something inevitably breaks you know what exactly to replace.

If you don't mind paying a little more and want a ready to fly / kit versions: pick any of these. I remember the Holybro x500 kit used to be very popular (review: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=cTVtFYONHiY )

https://ardupilot.org/copter/docs/common-rtf.html

You can control them using mavlink / mavsdk etc... the python libraries are good enough.

https://mavsdk.mavlink.io/main/en/index.html
RFC2119 to the rescue: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
It's also a bit of a straw-man to assume people will only fly on the cheapest lift option. Virgin Orbit lasted as long as it did only because there was one (maybe two) customers who were willing to pay a premium for being guinea pigs for a new technology. Their reasoning was something like "if this pans out, it'll be very cool long term" so they were willing to put their small-sats on a largely untested platform.

The same could be said about some of the entrenched players in earth observation. They're willing to pay a bit of a premium for a reasonable amount of time to ensure there's not a monopoly player (which definitely looks like it will be SpaceX.)

How much of a premium they're willing to pay and for how long seems like anyone's guess.
are you kidding? the US forced Japan to sign the plaza accord effectively ending Japan's rise. that was followed by 30 years close to zero economic growth.

you are not mature enough to discuss such topic if you believe the US will be happy to be taken over by some democratic friends.
> incidentally, there's a filesystem that uses this technique.

BetrFS?
I'm convinced the way this will be done is to take a capabilities based OS, and tack on an emulation layer to allow Windows or Linux binaries to run, and only let them see the things that the user has decided they need to see, by emulating the dialog boxes to the app, and then transparently enforcing those choices. Thus a copy of a windows Text editor could run, and ONLY get access to the file the user chooses, without having to re-write anything.

The crux of the issue is command line programs... I'm not sure how to deal with those, but I suspect it'll be an outer job control language.
What kind of an anemic society do you want to live in, that everyone should only be an expert on capital-P Profitable subjects?
of course it is not… :) too funny as well cause like more than half of the planet uses meta’s app every single they, this mate makes it sound like everyone’s gone and few that are left are masochist :)
Eh, you can host DSLs in Kotlin and C# these days, you don’t even have to sell your engineering team on Lisp. The biggest challenge is to explain how an embedded DSL differs from being just a library (interop outside of the eDSL to the host language is still hard).
There are search spaces that are quite large that are used in optimal control. GPUs can be used to drastically accelerate finding a solution.

As an example, imagine you are given a height map, a 2D discrete search space overlayed in the height map, 4 legs, and robot dynamics for every configuration of the legs in their constrained workspace. Find the optimal toe placement of the 4 legs. Although a GPU isn't designed exactly to deal with this sort of problem, if it's framed as a reduction problem it still significantly out performs a multi core CPU.
Even a typoed comment is right once every 180 years.
Having been involved in similar financial arrangements in software automation, years ago, it makes sense.

The end user usually doesn't have the expertise to even maintain the systems, nor does it make sense for them to do it in-house.

Charging per item of work (operating hour or thing processed) allows use of consultants but keeps incentives aligned between all parties (maximize uptime/productivity).
But also whatever Amazon's equivalent of NanoRacks is 'cause Amazon also wants to feed their GSaaS (Ground-Station as a Service) play. I think long-term Kuiper is going to be BO's main customer, but selling lift capacity to a NanoRacks-alike could reduce the impact of a Kuiper schedule slip.
Consolation! Console Nation? I am sure they have a crack font-naming team in Redmond, we haven't seen the end of it yet.
Y'all make me happy. Happy new years!
The moment SpaceX is sold to Boeing is the moment Musk doesn't get to go to Mars. And while he may never be able to have the martian colony he seems to covet, he still seems to believe he can do it, so there's zero motivation to sell.

Also... Boeing? They've been having some issues lately.
This is about complex data and accessing it later for display and search in the application. There is a command line tool we're putting together to make searching from the command line possible though.
They could defend, but there is significant precedent to allow decompilation and reverse engineering and even Nintendo won’t go after projects that decompile code, but don’t include original artwork or audio (hence the need to supply your own copy of the game for this port).
`&[u32]` is essentially `std::span<const uint32_t>`.

`&[u32; P]` is similarly something like `std::span<const uint32_t, P>`.

`[u32; P]` (no `&`) is essentially `std::array<uint32_t, P>`.

`Vec<u32>` is essentially `std::vector<uint32_t>`, yes.
Just cross posting my lobsters post:

I want to say thanks to @dgl for reporting this, and this article is also expertly written.

I also have to say for me personally its quite embarrassing because as I told @dgl when he reported this: I’ve studied his work before and made it a note to test Ghostty against his past discoveries prior to release. And I… quite simply forgot. I didn’t make an issue for myself so it slipped away and here I am with egg on my face. I’m sorry!

But, I appreciate @dgl for the security report, reviewing the fix, and continuing to be an active user of the terminal. I also shared with him some broader thoughts on terminal security in general. Addressing terminal security in a more fundamental way is one of the first proposals I want to make regarding terminal innovation.

My thinking is still too early and under-researched for a formal proposal. But my general feeling having built a terminal over the past 2 years is that the security surrounding escape sequences is fundamentally flawed and poking one by one at these sequences to try to make them individually safe doesn’t feel like the right long term solution.

The surface area is too large and the complexity of some of the newer sequences too high (i.e. Kitty Graphics) to be confident in secure implementations. DoS is far too easy with terminals (Ghostty has a handful of known DoS attacks, but so does pretty much every other terminal I know of). And some legacy sequences are just kind of shocking to have immediately available. For example, DECCOLM is available in macOS Terminal.app. If you issue a DECCOLM (CSI ? 3 h I believe), Terminal.app will physically resize the window and lock it to 132 columns. You can very easily crash Terminal.app at anytime by sending enough of these (a DoS attack). There are many more.

Part of my thinking is trying to design a mechanism that can effectively create something akin to either CPU protection rings or OpenBSD’s pledge() syscall. Whatever the mechanism, the general idea is: reduction of capability.

For example, it makes sense for a shell to be extremely powerful. It’s literally a code execution device. However, it doesn’t make much sense for cat to be able to execute arbitrary escape sequences (which it does today in any terminal). Whether it is the shell or cat itself, something should be able to tell a terminal: “hey, only execute some subset of escape sequences (or none at all).” For cat, that might be none or perhaps just SGR sequences (styles, colors, etc.). The insecurity of cat-ing or tail-ing any form of data that could contain user-generated data is hopefully well known at this point…

As I said before, this thinking is all still very raw and I don’t have anything concrete to proposal. I want to share this because I want folks to know that I’m thinking about it, and perhaps others may be interested in thinking about it with me… if so, please contact me. I’ve already shared this line of thinking with @dgl as well.
Happy new year from a Shenzhen China Mainland!
>> how did they nab him without incident?

Because the vast majority of these guys are all talk. For every Ted Kaczynski there are a thousand Dale Dribbles: backyard tinkerers who give up all notion of resistance when the cops actually show up. The cops cannot tell the difference and so must treat them all as potential Teds. Once safely in custody, the Dales will quietly plead guilty to vastly reduced charges.
I think there is an error in 1.7 figure 3: Layer 1 should have a 10 instead of a 12.

Edit: Also, 1.3 figure 1: Should the y-axis label be "Inverse throughput" to match later figures?
I got one 1.5 years ago and still enjoying. I hope it will be the laptop of Theseus of the rest of my life, but some unexpected development will probably happen that will make that unlikely.
"and saved Indians from starving to death with 340 million metric tons of food aid"

No, theres more complexity to the story. Do some research on what caused famine in India and how there's more questions around Churchill and WW2 influences.

Start with https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/29/asia/churchill-bengal-fam... (Churchill’s policies to blame for millions of Indian famine deaths, study says) , which IIRC references https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018... (Drought and Famine in India, 1870–2016)

Also watch the documentary "Bengal Tigers": https://youtube.com/watch?v=T31MFNLJKJw
Type Detail: the beautiful details of typefaces