skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I ride Waymos in San Francisco that traverse longer twisting "two-way" roads in the San Francisco hills (look at the neighborhoods around Mount Davidson). In these cases, the road, while two way, more often than not only has space which allows a single car to pass at a time; the rest of the space is taken by cars parked on either side of the roadway. The Waymo cars. at least during my rides, handled these situations well.

While it's not Rome, the operating areas for Waymo, at least in San Francisco, are not all grids of modern wide streets either.
To be more precise, it is defined since c99[0]. In c89 it was undefined, but type punning is the most used/sensible behaviour, so they changed it in c99.

[0]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/union
Also, isn't this a great example of "when you have a hammer, everything looks like a nail" ?

To explain this I would first and foremost use a picture, where the 3 cases : parallel, identical, intersection can be intuitively seen (using our visual system, rather than our language system), with merely a glance.
Ernest Hemingway - starting with “The Old Man and the Sea”.

After reading that, you’ll no longer think that Nobel Prize winners for literature write books that are difficult to read and understand.
Good students are immune to variations that are discussed in the paper. But most academic tests may not differentiate between them and the crammers.
even better, they should have it above or below!

or, declare the type separately, like in fortran or haskell (or in fact, pre-C99 c)
Pipe bombs can be legally owned by private parties with an DD NFA tax stamp. They probably require a certain type of BATF manufacturer cert to make as well.
Bird Bath
Totally off topic, but I've started to notice that more and more algorithmic low-ish level content assumes Rust by default. My entire life I've been used to anything algorithmic being either written in sciency pseudocode (invariably in latex-generated PDFs), or plain old C(++), the vulgar latin of computer programming. I know C and I don't really know Rust but nevertheless I love that this is changing! I'd never advise a new programmer interested in low-level/fast stuff to begin with C now, so much good content is written around Rust. Like the old C examples, the post doesn't even say "this is Rust". You're expected to expect it to be Rust.

And, well the language choice doesn't really matter for the core subject here. I could follow this post fine even though I don't really know Rust (just like I assume a Rust programmer could follow a well written algorithms deep dive with examples in C with a bit of dedication). EDIT okok that was a lie, I could follow the first half of this post, ish, and then it got way too deep for me.

But anyway, standardize on Rust, I like it. I'd love if a bit more Zig was thrown into the mix here but either of them feel like a better default than C at this point to me. After decades of C being The Standard for this stuff, I love that this is finally changing.
Show HN: API Parrot – Automatically Reverse Engineer HTTP APIs
When automating business processes at work, I found it difficult and time-consuming to reverse engineer business systems' APIs. I often had to manually reverse engineer APIs using developer tools or settle for less optimal technologies such as Robotic Process Automation (RPA).

Often, the issue is that it can be hard to resolve all the cookies, access tokens, and other elements required to successfully execute the requests. Manually trying to resolve these dependencies using developer tools is especially challenging with multiple requests where data is stored in JavaScript objects or HTML elements.

To try to solve this issue, I built a tool called API Parrot that automatically identifies the data correlations between requests and builds a graphical representation of the flow to give users a better understanding. To streamline the process, I also included functionality to record requests, define your own inputs and outputs, and export the entire flow—or parts of it—as JavaScript code.

The application is Electron-based and currently compiled for Windows and Linux. Please try it out and give feedback!

Online Tutorial: A simple example of reverse engineering the USPS API is available at https://docs.apiparrot.com/docs/category/tutorial---reverse-...
On x86 there is sometimes (depending on the specific microarchitecture) an extra cycle additional latency when using an integer operation on a xmm register last used with a float operation.

I have seen it explained as the integer and foat ALUs's being physically distant and the forwarding network needing an extra cycle to transport the operands.
You're assuming that openAI isn't just gonna add the new questions to the training data.
GPL does not restrict how you can use the program (freedom #0), unless (as is the case with lexer/parser generators) the output contains a part of the program's own source - e.g. GNU Bison's license has an explicit exception to allow that.

In case of Minecraft, you do have Redstone and Command Blocks at your disposal, and people have built things like an 8086 or Tetris. I wonder if there's an edge case with those WG tools, where the generated world becomes GPL-contaminated.

(Personally I'm a fan of BSD/MIT licenses, for those kinds of reasons - I'd rather not have anyone pay a lawyer to answer a simple question like, "can I actually use this program?")
> Or it's time to step back and call it what it is - very good pattern recognition.

Or maybe it's time to stop wheeling out this tedious and disingenuous dismissal.

Saying it is just "pattern recognition" (or a "stochastic parrot") implies behavioural and performance characteristics that have very clearly been greatly exceeded.
> Just watch some of the tofu dreg videos

The video you posted is from Falun Gong, a cult that is roughly analogous to Scientology. A few pictures of bad concrete do not say much about the quality of construction as a whole in China.

> This is why China will be irrelevant in a few decades, as it recedes into its own shell.

Given that China is the largest trading nation on Earth, China "reced[ing] into its own shell" is highly unlikely. China is highly interconnected with the rest of the world.

> "the pay is decreasing fast" ... "travelling outside the country is discouraged and passports are hard to get"

You're just making this all up. Pay has been increasing steadily in China, and is now higher than in Mexico, for example. Chinese citizens can get passports easily, and travel is not discouraged at all. Outbound tourism took a plunge during the pandemic, but it is recovering and is now approaching pre-pandemic levels (about 150 million outbound Chinese tourists per year).
There exist private ownership of artillery field pieces and Bofors L/60 40 mm autocannon in America. The thing though is that any sort of exploding shell requires a DD NFA tax stamp for each.
I buy retro games. The creators typically make them as a hobby and a lot of the ones I play are basically text adventures with a simple parser and a few dozen locations with a unique pixel art image for each location. So it costs them nothing but time to make and my purchase helps buy them coffee. With very rare exceptions, these are usually not built with any kind of "studio" or large budget, so profitability is irrelevant. They often just release for free.
> About "people still thinking LLMs are quite useless", I still believe that the problem is that most people are exposed to ChatGPT 4o that at this point for my use case (programming / design partner) is basically a useless toy. And I guess that in tech many folks try LLMs for the same use cases. Try Claude Sonnet 3.5 (not Haiku!) and tell me if, while still flawed, is not helpful.

I see much deeper problems. Just to give two examples:

- I asked various AIs concerning explanations of proofs of some deep (established) mathematical theorems: the explanations were to my understanding very hallucinated, and thus worse than "obviously wrong". I also asked for literature references for some deep mathematical theory frameworks: bascially all of the references were again hallucinated.

- I asked lots of AIs on https://lmarena.ai/ to write a suitably long text about some political topic that is quite controversial in my country (but does have lots proponents even in a very radical formulation, even though most people would not use such a radical formulation in public). All of the LLMs that I checked refused or tried to indoctrinate me that this thesis is wrong. I did not ask the LLM to lecture me, but I gave it a concrete task! Society is deeply divided, so if the LLM only spreads propaganda of its political teaching, it will be useless for many tasks for a very significant share of the society.
I don’t think people fully appreciate yet how much of LLMs’ value comes from their underlying dataset (I.e. the entire internet - probably .. quadrillions..? of tokens of text) rather than the model + compute itself.

If you’re trying to predict something within the manifold of data on the internet (which is incredibly vast, but not infinite), you will do very well with today’s LLMs. Building an internet-scale dataset for another problem domain is a monumental task, still with significant uncertainty about “how much is enough”.

People have been searching for the right analogy for “what type of company is Open AI most like?” I’ll suggest they’re like an oil company, but without the right to own oil fields. The internet is the field, the model is the refining process (which mostly yield the same output but with some variations - not dissimilar from petroleum products).. and the process / model is a significant asset. And today, Nvidia is the only manufacturer of refining equipment.
Shouldn't that be "vocabulary nazi mode"? :p
Look into JEE Advanced.
Yes, it 2025, I thought that we could at least imply C99 when talking about plain C :).

I'm probably an optimist.
Why Khanmigo (and Other Learning Chatbots) Will Fail
The number of unique int32 values is not that great, and a full bitset would only be 512MB. Hard to bit a dense bitset in performance.

As a general purpose data structure, I would look at roaring bitmaps for this purpose, which has good trade-offs with great performance for most use-cases.

If only simple lookups are needed over a static set, then it's worth looking at minimal perfect hash functions (https://sux.di.unimi.it).
Total number of publications or even citations is not a good metric to measure success in any competitive field.
I don't think DBAN works on SSDs. The inner workings of the device tricks DBAN into thinking it is zeroing out parts of the drive but it is not.

That and the fact that SSDs hold back part of the usable storage for optimizations means DBAN can't even seen the whole drive.
I mean, with enough hacking around, anything can work. But the code had gotten extremely complicated and brittle, and it was still not handling all the edge cases. Readability was important for this project, since I want to be able to modify the parser later to add new extensions to the language.
Orihime looks very CRT Nostalgic. I don’t care much for anime and it looks like you are pretty committed to it. I thought black and white MacOS was brilliant, but the amount of clicking and holding you had to do for everything is better left in the past.
That the American left is allergic to draconianly prosecuting property and nuisance crime a la Singapore is not an indictment of urbanism in general
I'd advise not doing "int* c" as it is misleading. Consider

int* a, b;

This looks as though it is equivalent to

int* a;

int* b;

but actually means

int* a;

int b;

Most people trying it your way hit this issue fairly quickly and revert to "int *a". It's not just a meaningless convention; it's a convention which reflects the grammar of the language just as conventions on indentation reflect it.

"int * a" is not as bad, in that it is ambiguous rather than misleading, but I would avoid it for similar reasons.*
It remains bewildering to me that tannerite is legal to purchase in large quantities without question. I shot 1 lb. of it once with a Mosin-Nagant, and that was enough to rattle the house a few hundred yards away. There are people who have set off charges orders of magnitude more than that, which apparently can be felt MILES away.

It’s an explosive, full stop. I have no problem with the premade targets that have a small amount, but honestly, the larger quantities should require at a minimum a background check.
Citation needed. Please be more specific, or else this is just a tedious and disingenuous advocacy.
We're living in a world of frivolous take-down demands, where the law says shoot first, ask questions later, and all the power is concentrated with the copyright mafia. (How meta.)
For example, ask Claude to help you out with a question from jackbox.tv and it will refuse because it's not family friendly.
Hmmm without a human control it is not all that clear to me that the variation problems are not more difficult.
trained on test. who even trusts OAI anymore?
> Too bad the everyone lost interest and now robotics is the hot new thing.

Self driving is robotics. Simple as that.
Exploring Jj Rebase
20 years ago in grad school we were doing a very early iteration of this where we built Markov chains with Shakespeare's plays and wanted to produce a plausibly "Shakespearian" clause given a single word to start and a bearish professor said "the more plausible it gets the more I worry people might forget plausibility is all that it promises".

(There was also a much earlier piece of software that would generate semi-intelligible Kant or Hegel one sentence at a time, though that was through a series of a priori generation rules and a large at the time dictionary of stock phrases. I wonder what ever happened to that.)
I have access to a couple of Macbook Pros and a Linux machine with very good processors, but I do my hobby development all in an old Macbook Air. That allows me to see when my code runs slowly much more clearly. On an M1, everything just runs so fast you don't notice when you have a serious performance issue which is painfully obvious on the Macbook Air! I recommend doing that, though it does require patience waiting for things that are instant on the better machines.
that's the beauty of type after name, it's all left to right, even in special-cases of array, references, and the most confusing-contributor to cdecl: functions `func(int)[5]*string`: perfectly clear, just read left to right.
If you can, have a Bird Bath in your back yard!
Software erasure is no good on modern hardware, it pulls too many tricks internally and the data could easily stick around in a region of NAND not accessible. There’s an easier way - use full disk encryption with a TPM. Data effectively erased upon destruction of TPM key.
Yep sure is. Just call the number. Everyone gets 60 mins for free.
Related:

Ask HN: What is the best thing you read in 2024?

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42508087

Ask HN: Best non-fiction book you read in 2024?

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42218828
Yeah. I don't think even Brandon Herrera would advocate for privately-owned WMDs.

Perhaps the initial and continual suitable personal stability and trustworthiness for owning different categories of mass-casualty-capable weapons should be sensibility and increasingly regulated appropriately. Honestly, I think there should be a limited number of gun clubs that require continual vouching/sponsorship to retain access to certain categories of weapons. Letting randos amass 100 AKs with bumpstocks just seems insane.
I have not heard the word "webmaster" in such a long time
This is why you should never be clever when writing code.
This gets repeated so frequently online it’s bordering on an (inaccurate) trueism because people vastly overestimate how at-risk entities are for losing their IP. A niche Dreamcast project is not a threat to Rockstar. They’re not going to look up one day at a reality where due to piracy the courts strip one of the largest video game companies in the world of their core IP. Frankly that’s too ridiculous to even consider a possibility.
Ah gotcha, thanks! Out of curiosity do you recall examples of any of the hardest cases it couldn't properly handle?
From the paper:

>> In this paper, we present an attempt at an architecture which operates on an explicit higher-level semantic representation, which we name a “concept”.

I wonder if the many authors of the paper know that what they call "concept" is what all of machine learning and AI has also called a "concept" for many decades, and not a new thing that they have just named from scratch.

For instance, classes of "concepts" are the target of learning in Leslie Valiant's "A Theory of the Learnable", the paper that introduced Probably Approximately Correct Learning (PAC-Learning). Quoting from its abstract:

ABSTRACT: Humans appear to be able to learn new
concepts without needing to be programmed explicitly in
any conventional sense. In this paper we regard learning as
the phenomenon of knowledge acquisition in the absence of
explicit programming. We give a precise methodology for
studying this phenomenon from a computational viewpoint.
It consists of choosing an appropriate information gathering
mechanism, the learning protocol, and exploring the class of
concepts that can be learned using it in a reasonable
(polynomial) number of steps. Although inherent algorithmic
complexity appears to set serious limits to the range of
concepts that can be learned, we show that there are some
important nontrivial classes of propositional concepts that
can be learned in a realistic sense

From: https://web.mit.edu/6.435/www/Valiant84.pdf

Or take this Introduction to Chapter 2 in Tom Mitchell's "Machine Learning" (the original ML textbook, published 1997):

This chapter considers concept learning: acquiring the definition of
a general category given a sample of positive and negative training
examples of the category.

From: https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/mlbook.html (clink link in "the book").

I mean I really wonder some times what is going on here. There's been decades of research in AI and machine learning but recently papers look like their authors have landed in an undiscovered country and are having to invent everything from scratch. That's not good. There are pitfalls that all the previous generations have explored thoroughly by falling in them time and again. Those who don't remember those lessons will have to find that out the hard way.
The PS2 had DVD playback, huge popular franchise support, and the very positive reception of the PS1 going for it.

I don't know how it compares to the Dreamcast in raw horsepower, but compared to the GameCube and Xbox it was firmly at the bottom of the pack in that regard. It ended up not mattering in light of the games and its ability to play DVDs.
I think the main thing, stat-wise, that leads to un-fun is when there's imbalance within a party. It's dull to play a power fantasy game where the other players are significantly more powerful than you. Balance is the main concern.

Now, a good DM can house-rule around a lot of these things, but designing rules for balance is quite hard, as is learning new rules, which is why these systems are a thing in the first place, so ideally the rules should by default allow this kind of creativity and flexibility without creating large power imbalances, both between players and between players and monsters (also something that's more difficult than it looks, hence things like challenge ratings and pre-built adventures).

(I'd argue the fairly high variance of D&D combat also causes problems here, both for fun and balance, because it's no fun when a powerful character completely bricks in a fight against a lesser opponent because of cursed dice, and it also makes it harder for the DM to get useful feedback to balance encounters)
Imagine you have someone polluting your training data every day. That's what happens when you scrape any tech forum today.

The short version is that llm trainign data is the lowest quality data you are likely to see unless you engage in massive potential copyright infringement.
It isn't a group, that's why.
>In Europe there is no effort to write news in Russian

Not true. For example: https://t.me/russian_euronews

The most popular anti-Putin channels are run by Russian emigrants based in the EU, like this one: https://t.me/meduzalive
1225: ten years earlier, Magna Carta starting to limit monarchs and the seed of individual freedom

1681: eight years later was glorious revolution with a bill of rights, marking individual freedoms

1764: ten years later, beginning of American Revolution and being free of monarchs

1849: ten years-ish later, start of US civil war; was the time of an attempt by the British to end slavery around the world

1936: ten years later, colonial empires were being dismantled, UN established to attempt global cooperation, US in the ascendancy with a seed of ties being established more by economics than military force, great economic upswing lifting people out of poverty (60% in poverty then, 10% now) while the global population blossoms

2035: Majority of the global population in middle class or better, triumph of individuals over technocrats, bureaucrats, and corporatists :)
> Do you think Al Qaeda has membership badges or is it mostly just a bunch of people buying into the same set of memes?

Yes, Al Qaeda is obviously a real group with actual members, rather than a random meme. Was that a serious question?
There is also a curated benchmark just for those famous problems slightly variated: https://github.com/cpldcpu/MisguidedAttention/tree/main/eval
Are all those developers running different branches of code with automated schema changes on the same database? What if someone adds or removes a field? Stored procedures are not the issue here
> just base64 encode your prompts and see how the LLMs respond

This is done via translations, LLM are good at translations, being able to translate doesn't mean you understand the subject.

And no I am not wrong here, I've tested this before, for example if you ask if a CPU model is faster than a GPU model it will say the GPU model is faster, even if the CPU is much more modern and faster overall since it learned that GPU names are faster than CPU names it didn't really understood what faster meant there. Exactly what the LLM gets wrong depends on the LLM of course, and the larger it is the more fine grained these things are but in general it doesn't really have much that can be called understanding.

If you don't understand how to break the LLM like this then you don't really understand what the LLM is capable of, so it is something everyone who uses LLM should know.
This assumes that Rust is actually a better language. IMHO it isn't.
Yet successful balloon building businesses don’t build balloons from lead because of the fundamental nature of the balloon building problem.
An API call to verify an signature which could easily be verified locally?
US President number 45 returns, kind of seems like squaring applies.
The short-barrel shotgun (SBS) (modified or original) without an NFA tax stamp is the holding charge. They're working on determining if was just unlicensed destructive devices (DDs) or there were specific terroristic plans. That's why.
Their web interface refuses it, but their api still answers it happily!
It became a successful consultant...
> I find it mainly negative and seems like a cheap source for content

Don't you mean a source of discontent instead?
Their methodology shows they can create an infinite variety of problems.

This is the same thing as synthetic training data.

It doesn't matter if models are trained on the output of the generated data or not. If the model ends up being able to solve newly generated variations, you'd have to admit that it understands the underlying problems.
Probably gigabytes. When I worked with other systems in the past we needed to upgrade our gigabit ethernet to handle the full-rate telemetry
Houses are mostly prefad - everthing is a standard dimension before it arrives on site.