skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> I never said it is used extensively by most programs

True, but to make use of Rc/Arc in Rust comparable to the use of GC in Java, almost evrery value would have to be wrapped in one, something I would think is quite rare.

> only that most programs do use it

I would still be interested in seeing statistics for this though. I have only ever used Arc once, and it was only to share a Mutex containing the program's database across threads.

> What's the difference between a standard library and a runtime?

I would say there are three main differences:
- A runtime is (usually?) not optional - see languages like C#/Java/Python that require some sort of higher 'power' to manage their execution (interpreting/JITing code, GC management, etc), or crt0 - compared to a standard library which is just some extra code - see the C standard library function strlen()
- A standard library can generally be implemented in the language itself. I think this is where the distinction starts to get a little fuzzier, with languages like Roc (its standard library is implemented in Zig), and Haskell (I would assume much of the side-effecty code like the implementation of IO is in C)
- The purpose of a standard library is generally to provide 'helper' code that you wouldn't want to write yourself, e.g. Vec<T>, HashMap<T>, filesystem functions, etc. On the other hand, the purpose of a runtime is, per the first point, to manage the execution of the language, etc.

> I never said that LLVM was a JVM

True again, my point was worded badly. I didn't mean to suggest you thought LLVM was a JVM, rather to draw a distinction between LLVM and a Java/.NET style VM. LLVM used to stand for Low Level Virtual Machine, and the JVM has instructions like instanceof (which, fairly obviously, checks if a reference is an instance of the named class, array, or interface type). They operate at quite different abstraction levels, and the JVM is a lot more similar to the CLR.

> Now, it is true that Rust is typically (though not always) compiled to native code AOT

I would be genuinely interested in finding about a JIT compiler for Rust.

EDIT: it's worth me mentioning none of this is backed by any formal education (I'm 18), so it is very possibly wrong.
Quoth the AI:

> According to Freud, dreaming about trains often symbolizes the journey of life, with the train representing the progression of time and the destination representing death, and the act of riding a train can be linked to unconscious sexual desires due to the sensation of movement and confinement, particularly when experiencing anxiety about missing a train or being trapped on one.
Isn't that a possessive form? As in:

Waiter: "Can I get you guys's orders?"

Non-standard (as written: "you guys' "), but speakers notoriously add extraneous " 's"s.

(Sidenote: when we were teenagers my sister and I referred to one pastor as "the polytheist", because he always said "in Jesus's name", which we chose to interpret as "in Jesuses' name". God, I'm a nerd.)
We have them around here. In fact, there’s even a Facebook page for a local nesting pair. They mostly eat eels, so water pollution is their worst enemy.

The thing that often gets raptors, is rat poison. It also kills cats. Rats seem to thrive, no matter what we throw at them.

It’s generally a good idea to keep cats indoors. I read a statistic that outdoor cats live dramatically shorter lives than indoor ones.
Previous discussion:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39427876
Feb-2024 | 498 comments

Related:
"The Ghosts in the Machine"
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42461530

"The Ugly Truth About Spotify Is Finally Revealed"
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42478107
Me too. This looks to me like a holiday PR stunt. Get everybody to talk about AI during the Christmas parties.
You might want to check this out: https://psmag.com/environment/17-to-1-reproductive-success/
It was the challenge for me. Seeing some difficult-to-solve problem, attacking it, and actually solving it after much perseverance.

Kind of stemming from the mindspace "If they can build X, I can build X!"

I'd explicitly not look up tutorials, just so I'd have the opportunity to solve the mathemathics myself. Like building a 3D physics engine. (I did look up colission detection after struggling with it for a month or so, inventing GJK is on another level)
Who is a better free-thrower, someone who can hit 20 free throws per minute on Earth, or the same thrower who logged 20 million free throws in the apparent two years he was gone but comes back ready for retirement?
As a kid I absolutely hated math and loved physics and chemistry because solving anything in math requires vast specific K.

In comparison you can easily know everything there is to know about physics or chemistry and it's sufficient to solve interesting puzzles. In math every puzzle has it's own vast lore you need to know before you can have any chance at tackling it.
I think that result would ring true for anyone who's worked in education, but it doesn't sound very similar to stereotype threat
In fact they are mentioning LangGraph (the agent framework from the LangChain company). Imo LangGraph is a much more thoughtful and better built piece of software than the LangChain framework.

As I said, they already mention LangGraph in the article, so the Anthropic's conclusions still hold (i.e. KISS).

But this thread is going in the wrong direction when talking about LangChain
I'm not conflating anything. I am just answering the question of why slop can be the only outcome.

On a Spotify-level scale, web-level scale, slop can be the only outcome.
> we don't know, nothing to see here

> ESI Energy LLC, guilty of killing 150 eagles

> how much bald eagles crashed against your house?

We dont know the statistical extend but we can measure very accurately in smaller areas especially large and endangered birds.

This is why (in my country) you have to study the local bird population before you get your permission to build your windmills. Something ESI should have done, even if we perfectly knew the statistics of all birds killed by windmills globally.
That would be perfect.

A newspaper-like projects always gather interest of tinkerers. People love to do things like that for eink devices, export that to pdf to be displayed offline and so on

This could be a nice way to provide clean content, prefiltered.
I am curious how to connect without public internet. U mean vpn ?
Fear in Tech – Titus Winters, Meeting C++ 2024 (Video, 1:10:00)
General economic conditions prevents new capital from entering the market to undercut current insurers.

Behind the scenes much of this tighening of available capital happened more than a year ago but it's being passed on to consumers only now. Nothing in particular has happened this year -- it was fairly ordinary in terms of catastrophies.
Eh, not quite yeah?

You’re talking about heat (think ‘amperage’), where temperature is more like voltage.

You can’t get above a specific temperature merely by transferring more heat, or losing less heat, etc.

Upper bounds of temperature is still going to be limited by the temperature/frequency of the input energy, barring energy loss which can reduce it.

The solar atmosphere layers have specific maximum temperatures that limit the maximum temperature of objects exposed to them or the radiation from them.
Inflation. they cannot afford. This is happy news. not surprising news.
Counting the carcasses is a very flawed analysis. In cities you rarely find far less carcasses of raptors, vultures and storks. In your analysis this would lead you to making a larger built environment is a good measure to save endangered species. It would even be illegal not to do so.
> This argument makes no sense to me. Musicians with small niche audience that rely on word of mourh and such are harmed in which way when Spotify adds slop to slop playlists?

They are harmed because part of the intrinsic deal with Spotify is that you put your music on there so that their discovery systems make it possible for people to hear it who might not otherwise.

If Spotify is deliberately diluting that mechanism it is bad enough. But they are doing it IN SECRET which they would not do if they didn't think artists, industry people, musicians unions etc., would construe that as harm.
> So they didn't file copyrights on all this material.

Huh? I'm really surprised to see this misconception cropping up here of all places. You don't have to "file copyright". It's automatically attached to anything and everything anyone creates as long as it meets some threshold of originality.
Maybe. If I could ask a AI to come up with a 50% efficient mass market solar panel, I don’t really care if it takes a few weeks or a year if it can solve that though. I’m not sure if inventiveness or novelness of solution could be a metric. I suppose that is superintelligence rather than AGI? And by then there would be no question of what it is
> An intelligent system could take more advantage of an increase of knowledge than a dumb one

Why?

> derivative of efficiency

Where did your efficiency variable come from?
it’s not, but it is a complete specification of behavior, just as <a href=“/clicked”> is
There are https://lodev.org/cgtutor/raycasting2.html and https://lodev.org/cgtutor/raycasting3.html just FYI
Incredible, downvoted to -4 for pointing out poor insulation.
This author has no idea what they are talking about- we have extremely high quality data on bird kills from wind farms. Teams of wildlife biologists literally walk the farms everyday identifying kills, and they have other teams that plant fake kills as experimental controls, to accurately quantify exactly the rate that kills are missed, and correct for that. This whole process is required by law, and there are a lot of wildlife biologists that do this work. You cannot operate a wind farm without quantifying its impact on protected species.
I’ve been thinking about it and if there had to be a common rule for all these cases, I would say “yes”.

However, if it was possible, I would set a threshold maybe based on an annual revenue. Let’s say I run a small board game store, where I sell games from other producers, but also my own games that I published. I’m a small entrepreneur, should I be prohibited from exposing my products more?

Amazon, Spotify and some supermarket chains have such a dominant position in some markets they can abuse their position, they should be under scrutiny, but not small retail companies that want to try to create something on their own
A 20% down mortgage is a 5x levered bet. Plus you can roll capital gains into new real estate. The S&P 500 cannot offer these advantages.
> Plenty of indie musicians nowadays that self-publish on platforms like Spotify and YouTube. That just wasn’t possible 30 years ago.

Precisely. What changed between then and now is that major labels no longer control distribution, and thus they no longer hold a oligopoly over what music we can consume. This is clearly something that benefits everyone, except the major labels.

This fact alone makes me very sceptical of this blend of blog posts. It clearly pushes to go back to a time where everyone was screwed over by the music industry.
Yeah. Email server's whole filesystem gets synced to my backup server, and the mbox files or whatever are in there somewhere.

> what tools are you using to backup your emails?

rsync and btrfs snapshots

> Is there a service which takes care of this automatically?

Cron?
Playing Devil’s advocate… Socialisation is what’s driving technology use. It’s just happening on the phones, not irl. Just like with alcohol, anyone not participating will be left out. If everyone’s on their phones all the time, IRL socialisation won’t matter compared to socialisation via phones.
I am looking for someone who follows MLB – Major baseball league for a hackathon
Why eating less slows ageing: this molecule is key
Physics and chemistry require experimentation to verify solutions. With math however, any new knowledge can be intuited and proven from previous proofs, so yes, the lore goes deep!
> This skill is very hard to learn from textual and still image data.

I had the same take at first, but thinking about it again, I'm not quite sure?

Take the "blue dots make a cross" example (the second one). The inputs only has four blue dots, which makes it very easy to see a pattern even in text data: two of them have the same x coordinate, two of them have the same y (or the same first-tuple-element and second-tuple-element if you want to taboo any spatial concepts).

Then if you look into the output, you can notice that all the input coordinates are also in the output set, just not always with the same color. If you separate them into "input-and-output" and "output-only", you quickly notice that all of the output-only squares are blue and share a coordinate (tuple-element) with the blue inputs. If you split the "input-and-output" set into "same color" and "color changed", you can notice that the changes only go from red to blue, and that the coordinates that changed are clustered, and at least one element of the cluster shares a coordinate with a blue input.

Of course, it's easy to build this chain of reasoning in retrospect, but it doesn't seem like a complete stretch: each step only requires noticing patterns in the data, and it's how a reasonably puzzle-savvy person might solve this if you didn't let them draw the squares on papers. There are a lot of escape games with chains of reasoning much more complex and random office workers solve them all the time.

The visual aspect makes the patterns jump to us more, but the fact that o3 couldn't find them at all with thousands of dollars of compute budget still seems meaningful to me.

EDIT: Actually, looking at Twitter discussions[1], o3 did find those patterns, but was stumped by ambiguity in the test input that the examples didn't cover. Its failures on the "cascading rectangles" example[2] looks much more interesting.

[1]: https://x.com/bio_bootloader/status/1870339297594786064

[2]: https://x.com/_AI30_/status/1870407853871419806
I think a good starting point is that economic incentives should support most the people who are contributing the most.

If we allow training AI models to become a method for laundering the exploitation of others' creative work without informed consent or compensation - and let's not pretend that this isn't exactly what has been happening - then I think we will start to see the same problems we've already encountered with search engines that display the most important parts of the original content directly on their own pages but potentially at a much larger scale.

The result is similar in each case. It becomes economically and/or emotionally unsatisfying to make the effort to create new and better works. If commercial organisations that just rehash all that hard work for their own benefit without giving anything back will be the ones who ultimately benefit the most from it then sooner or later they may find no-one wants to gather or share the data they'd like to train their next generation of models on any more. We'll just see more and more paywalls with contractual terms for access gating more and more of the information on the Internet.

This kind of exploitation without compensation is exactly what copyright is supposed to prevent. It's how it forms an economic market for creative work that functions in a familiar way. It is astonishing to me that governments have become so caught up in the AI hype of the past couple of years that they are falling over themselves to undermine their entire creative industries for fear of missing out. I fear this will not end well when the AI bubble bursts and we aren't all welcoming our new AGI overlords in 2026 because it turned out that the maths was still essentially the same as it had been for a long time and there wasn't another quantum leap in the scale or quality of available training data waiting for the AI companies to exploit.
I don't think it's badly worded either.

And FUTO is a commercial for-profit operation, not voluntary driven. Their devs are paid.
My email provider ought to have its own backups for their own service-continuity. (IMAP in this case, but the picture looks very similar for POP.)

Meanwhile, my desktop e-mail client (Thunderbird) has its own local files which are captured by a consumer online-backup solution (e.g. Backblaze) along with other documents, photos, etc. That means both local-copies of server mail, and also items which have been perma-downloaded into mailboxes and purged from the server.

In a way, my biggest worry is not backup-coverage of the bytes per se, but potential archeological issues when it comes to arcane mailbox formats. (My second-biggest worry is that my organization is terrible and Inbox keeps growing.)
Just cancelled mine last week too, my Spotify is one of the earliest accounts (my url is still my username not some random hash).

Basically, I am just tired of waiting Spotify’s lossless plan.
What is hard about it? They rope themselves everywhere around it to clean it up. Even a basic robot can put stickers. An even easier and cheaper way is to require it for new constructions.
This is really neat!

Are there any good books on DOS that a person who enjoys articles like this may also enjoy?

And more broadly, does anyone have any good books to suggest about the personal computers of the 80s and 90s, that don't skimp on the messy technical details?
I'm using lieer and mujmap to sync my Gmail and Fastmail accounts to a local notmuch mail storage on top of ZFS pool. That ZFS pool is in turn replicated off site.

I use neomutt to access my archive over SSH. And notmuch is very fast at searching all of my emails.

* https://github.com/gauteh/lieer

* https://github.com/elizagamedev/mujmap

* https://notmuchmail.org/
But it seems that the principal objection to these counts is that birds don't necessarily die on impact but may travel quite far before succumbing to their injuries, so the counts necessarily result in an underestimate of the true effect. Are you saying the area that's surveyed is large enough that this isn't true?
Easy for me to be a smartass in hindsight, but I can't resist:

> Unfortunately for Griffin, years ago he used Google Photos to store an image of the secret seed phrase that was protecting his cryptocurrency wallet.

Um, duh...

> "[...] I put my seed phrase into a phishing site, and that was it.”

>Almost immediately, all of the funds he was planning to save for retirement and for his children’s college fund were drained from his account.

Um, duh. First mistake to put all eggs in a single basket. Second mistake, this basket was a cryptocurrency. Third mistake, pasting the secret key to that _anywhere_.
Spotify has automated 'next song' and playlist creation. Those are (or used to be) valuable for finding new music, and for getting out of a rut. But now spotify isn't selecting what goes into the playlist based on their best guess of what people would like. Instead they put songs there based on what earns them money.
Why? I am using dumb as a low intelligence system. A more intelligent person can take advantage of new opportunities.
Efficience variable: You are right that effectiveness could be better here because we are not considering resources like computer time and power.
NT wasn't even a twinkle in Dave Cutler's eye when DOS APPEND came into being
I think there was little traction in curl, because Rust users can just use hyper directly.

https://lib.rs/curl is used in 1000 packages, https://lib.rs/hyper is in 21,000 packages.

Curl is big and supports lots of protocols, but Rust doesn't need a one-stop-shop for all of them. HTTPS covers majority of uses, and Rust has separate packages for mail, ftp, websockets, etc.
so basically json describing UI for various platforms?

like domain specific language
Just using pytube and pytubefix for getting the videos from YT. And as broland said - groq and whisper for transcription.
> unsafe Rust can be harder than writing C in some ways due to having to uphold certain invariants that don't come up in C.

Yes, this is absolutely correct and on top of this you sometimes have to employ tricks to make the compiler infer the right lifetime or type for the abstraction you're providing. On the other hand, again thanks to the abstraction power of Rust compared to C, you can test the resulting code way more easily using for example Miri.
Some composers do that, but most do not.

Movie and game composers are literally work for hire. It's their employers who may or may not release a record related to that employer's work that may or may not credit the people involved.

Even the extremely successful and popular composers are not necessarily releasing records or doing live shows. Even John Williams is primarily a conductor and a classical composer who didn't really start "touring" until 2002 or so. Same for Hans Zimmer. He doesn't release "records". Studios hiring him release movie soundtracks for which he was specifically hired. Etc.

According to your definition of "legitimate artists" these artists are not legitimate.
Show HN: Vailo, All-in-One Project Management App
Hi, I have made (alone) an SaaS app. My target is to concentrate many tools in one place and reduce paying for multiple subscriptions.

What I have for now:

- Two type of users (Manager and Worker)

- Task creation on cloud

- Task Decision system

- Task History

- Notification system

- Analytic per Task

- Analytic per Workspace

- Dynamic statuses

- Actions

My plan is to add:

- Media storage

- Advanced mailing system

- Internal chat

- Task prioritisation by AI

...and more

My roadmap below:

https://slender-hen-12e.notion.site/Vailo-Roadmap-10309dcded...

What do you think?
Because I understand the process that I have followed to get to the solution.
That's an interesting question! The actual risk assessments thr insurer does are obviously confidential, but you're asking whether we can reverse engineer their premiums into underlying probability estimations? So we'd still be estimating probabilities, but based on information leaked from insurers instead of first principles.

Could work! I don't know how, though.
Saturn.fm – The Sega Saturn Music Player in the Browser
If we really want to imagine a cold-war-style solution, the two teams could meet in an empty warehouse, bring one computer with the model, one with the benchmarks, and connect them with a USB cable.

In practice I assume they just gave them the benchmarks and took it on the honor system they wouldn't cheat, yeah. They can always cook up a new test set for next time, it's only 10% of the benchmark content anyway and the results are pretty close.
That's not laundering. That's getting paid.

If you want to transfer money in a way that's unblockable, unceasable, and pseudonomic, Bitcoin is a good system.

If you want to then convert that into dollars, it's not.

Ransomware is paid in Bitcoin despite it being terrible to launder.
It would only be circular if agency was only defined as “the property of being an agent”. That circle of reasoning isn’t being proposed as the formal definitions by anyone.

Perhaps you mean tautological. In which case, an agent having agency would be an informal tautology. A relationship so basic to the subject matter that it essentially must be true. Which would be the strongest possible type of argument.
A significant part of my refactoring, is removing code.

I always say that the best code I write, is the code I don’t write. It can take longer to simplify a block of code, than it took to originally write.

I also tend to use “light touch” documentation[0]. I use headerdoc-style function and property intros, with occasional terse inline comments for inscrutable parts. These inline comments always talk about why I’m doing something odd.

And I eat my own dog food. I maintain almost everything I write, so I write code and documentation that I want to see, six months down the road.

And testing. I do a lot of that; especially monkey testing[1].

[0] https://littlegreenviper.com/miscellany/leaving-a-legacy/

[1] https://littlegreenviper.com/various/testing-harness-vs-unit...
This is an SMS spamming tool, right?