skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
>They are a relic of C style arrays

Doesn't it predate that by a good amount? I would think it is a relic of the EEs who built the digital world, those early languages show a great deal more relation to the bare metal than modern languages. Creating an array whose index starts at 1 just doesn't make sense from the discrete logic point of view, you are either wasting an element or adding in an extra step.

But in this day and age how can a language not have ⎕IO ← 0?
> As physicists have worked to unite seemingly disparate fields over the past century, they have cast entropy in a new light — turning the microscope back on the seer and shifting the notion of disorder to one of ignorance. Entropy is seen not as a property intrinsic to a system but as one that’s relative to an observer who interacts with that system.

Maybe I have the benefit of giant shoulders, but this seems like a fairly mundane observation. High-entropy states are those macrostates which have many corresponding microstates. The classification of several microstates into the same macrostate, is this not a distinctly observer-centred function?

I.e. if I consider 5 or 6 to be essentially the same outcome of the die, then that will be a more probable (higher-entropy) outcome. But that's just due to my classification, not inherent to the system!
Come on dude
Also, Glimpse has been abandoned since 2020.
> substandard Time Machine for backups

Compared to what?
> poetry: 0.99 seconds

Good enough for me and sans VC risk.
IIRC some BASIC(s) I've used in the past had a statement called:

OPTION BASE 1

or something like that, to change the starting index to 1.
You might as well have written that mathematicians should stop doing mathematics. If every mathematician were to work full time on formalizing theorems in proof assistants, then no living mathematician would ever do original research again -- there is simply too much that would need to be translated to software. And to what end? It's not as if people suspect that the foundations of mathematics are on the verge of toppling.

> Code is easy to share, easy to collaborate on [...] collaboration is so easy that publishing your 1/2 done work will often prompt others to do some of the tedious stuff

Here's an experiment anyone can try at home: pick a random article from the mathematics arxiv [1]. Now rewrite the main theorem from that paper in Lean [2]. Did you find this task "easy"? Would you go out of your way to finish the "tedious" stuff?

> even horrible code is far better at documenting what it does than what you are describing

The "documentation" is provided by talking to other researchers in the field. If you don't understand some portion of a proof, you talk to someone about it. That is a far more efficient use of time than writing code for things that are (relatively) obviously true. (No shade on anyone who wants to write proofs in Lean, though.)

---

[1] https://arxiv.org/list/math/new

[2] https://lean-lang.org/theorem_proving_in_lean4/dependent_typ...
A VC-funded package and project manager for Python projects, written in Rust, and without involvement of the Python Packaging Authority (PyPA). If Python is too slow or otherwise not good enough to write a good Python package manager in, why use Python altogether?

Using Rust enables uv to install Python interpreters. That feature uses unofficial third-party binary builds. There are no official binary builds for Linux, but there are such builds for Windows and macOS, yet they use the unofficial third-party builds on those platforms as well. Still, I would consider package and project management to be a separate feature from Python management, and I’d leave it to a different tool (which may be the system package manager on some platforms).
I know this is a week old post so there will likely not be any follow up but I have several friends that seem to have it all

They have 2 or 3 kids. They love their kids and love spending time with them. Yet, they still have time for hobbies and side projects. I don't know how they do it

1 friend, 2 kids (8-12), FAANG job, 2nd company on the side with a partner, plays horror games and writes about them.

1 friend, 2 kids (7-11), FANNG job, plays video games with this brother remotely, takes his kids out often and they hang out with this friends (we all love the kids). He's also the cook in the house and has people over often. Goes snowboarding in the window.

1 friend, 3 kids (6-8-10), plays videos games (hobby 1), plays guitar (hobby 2), does photograph (hobby 3), see his picts on facebook all the time of the latest thing he's doing

1 friend, 3 kids (8, 10, 12), makes video games for a job and makes his own at home for hobby. One of this kids is also into making video games which they share.

1 friend, 2 kids, tech job, loves VR, plays VR with kids, writes tech tutorials for blogs as hobby.

I'm not saying "you can do it too", I'm just saying I see example of people that somehow *seem* like they're enjoying visiting friends, playing music, having time for hobbies, and they have kids

Would love to know if they just lucked out. If there's specific things they do. Or if it's just an attitude. Or something else.
Welcome to the bootstrapping problem. The original take is "how do I build a C compiler without a C compiler", and some amazingly gifted people from the GNU/Guix team managed to take it to its logical conclusion - and wrote a 357 byte piece of annotated machine code, from which an entire distro can be bootstrapped.

On the bright side, uv is written in Rust, which makes distributing prebuilt releases practical, and helps end-users getting started. OTOH Linux+GNU+GCC pale in comparison to Rust's own bootstrapping problem - each Rust compiler is written in some previous release/dialect of Rust, all the way back to the pre-1.0 days, when it was written in an obscure dialect of OCaml. There are efforts underway to make Rust bootstrappable, but as of right now the Python ecosystem might be painting itself into a corner with slowly making Rust a hard dependency.

https://bootstrappable.org
I don't think it works if you try installing it using pip. Can anyone confirm? I ended up downloading it manually, making a venv, and then running it.
Takes me around an hour or so to restore a 2tb drive from a HDD NAS with borg. Wasn't a full 2tb, and I might be off by an hour or so as it's been a minute. Usually I dd from the old drive to the new one over USB which doesn't take too long 30-40 minutes?
Yes, I find it fun to use office as a Mac differentiator when the Mac version is so inferior to the Windows one. At least, office365 works fine on Linux using Crossover.

It’s the same weirdness with people recommending Gimp for Acorn when Linux has great photo manipulation with Darktable and good digital painting with Krita.

And I say that as someone who quite like MacOs even if it’s getting worse with each version.
idk about the LLM part, but the rest of this is not true. there's multiple laptops that compete or even beat MacBooks in display, battery life, performance etc.
and the MacBook displays have really slow response times
You could cache the intermediate bits. Hell you could do this right now (somewhat) by doing script src=menubar.js and the script containing document.write calls. Not great for performance.
Agreed, web development without all the time consuming nonsense.
> This is why I think semver is impossible to do in practice.

The semver docs explicitly address this scenario. If a change in minor update breaks compatibility release a new minor update to revert the change.
I've been using GIMP for 20 years now, but the UI is atrocious; you can tell it's been designed by engineers who know nothing about UX.

Even the most basic UI elements, such as the slider bars, are horrible and unusable.
Thanks for summarizing so eloquently what is WRONG with the precept that might equals right.
If she floats she's a witch, if she drowns she must have been innocent is the flip side fallacy, but what you just outlined amounts to: "i am bad on purpose, what are YOU gonna do about it?"

I am disgusted that this is still proferred as a valid moral philosophical principle.
No. A thousand times no.

The answer is A SYSTEM.

The answer to bully predator logic is human society and systematic thought.
This provides the capability to resist such base immorality as you and historical predators have proposed.
I have only ever really used venv. Poetry was fine but didn't give me any additional benefits that I could see. What does this offer? And more broadly, why do people consider pip to be a problem? I have literally never had any issues with it in any of my projects.
Because taxis are not cheap enough. Once they become cheap enough, by not having a driver, the equation changes. Travel becomes more convenient.
> Time Machine is really quite good, all things considered.

This comment page is full of examples of very real issue with Time Machine which will bite you at some point if you use it. It’s not quite good. It’s bug riddled and Apple refuses to actually do the work to fix it because they would rather you buy iCloud.
Well, you need an X account, so too high?
+1 for multiple locations. I have my home, my fiancé's home, and work; depending on day and time I will use either one of them as base. These cities and towns have very distinct strong identities.

Plus, with multiple identities the map would likely look busier, removing the sad "sigh, it's just me" moment in less tech-centric areas.

In order to avoid abuse, I would set a limit of 3 or 4 locations max. This would also allow the travelling crowds to have a spare location to be used as "target city" while on the road, without constantly adding back their home one.
I would pay if they could make our GitHub CI run 20-30% faster.
Can you tell me more about what you are describing regarding MD Data? I'm unaware of how it went down. But, yeah, these all look so cool.
Hello,

Great work :) Nice to see alternatives poping up. There used to be navitia https://github.com/hove-io/navitia/ but its company is slowing closing thing, so I would not bet on it for the future.

I’m a co-maintainer of gtfs-structures, if you have any feedback using that crate I’ll be glad to hear from you (specially since you consume a lot of different gtfs, you must have tripped on some issues).

Just out of curiosity, did you consider other algorithms, like CSA? It’s been a while I’m out of the algorithmical stuff, so I’m just wondering pros and cons of different algorithms.
What makes them happy and what is the best outcome for them in the long run can be different things. Did you read the article?
> without involvement of the Python Packaging Authority (PyPA)

The PyPA does not really exist. The closest to an actual "authority" is the packaging forum on discuss.python.org and the astral folks are active there, see for instance the recent threads on the lockfile standard or the dynamic metadata issue.

> If Python is too slow or otherwise not good enough to write a good Python package manager in, why use Python altogether?

People use Python, Astral exists to solve problems of Python people. I'm not sure what the language they are using to write the tool in is relevant. numpy, scipy, tensorflow and many other cornerstones of Python are written in C, C++ and other non Python languages.

> but there are such builds for Windows and macOS

As the author of Rye where I tried very much the same I can attest that the macOS builds are useless for the uv usecase. It's great that Astral is now maintaining the standalone builds which have become a cornerstone for many Python users over the last three years. We have based our entire development environments on those, even though we have not adopted either rye or uv at our company.
As I understand it, those are used so that the press itself doesn't get worn out, and come in various types.
PyPA has the involvement of Microsoft. It’s not a big deal, but unlike this it has the negative of GitHub being emphasized every time package publishing is brought up. I don’t see any negatives from having the choice of uv, and it’s a lot smaller of an entity than Microsoft.
I primarily use Rust at my job (and love it) but I still write most of my scripts, benchmarking code etc in Python.

Python is a great scripting language and a great language to wrap other stuff. I have other projects in Python that wrap many packages, some in C++/Rust and working on Python is a lot more fun than most of these languages.

When I'm writing this sort of code, I don't have to `.into()`, derive send/sync/debug/whatever, I don't have to `.clone()` my strings when I pass them to multiple places that accept `String`, I don't have to do oh so many things that make my production/critical code better but I care about very little when I'm writing scripts.

I'm much more effective in my 80:20 in Python than in rust though admittedly I'm still on Poetry since uv is releasing vey quickly and my things work "well enough".

(In package management land - I still think most ecosystems haven't caught up to JavaScript + Rust and Python's module systems have weirdness (mod.rs/__init__.py which is unnecessary) but Cargo _is_ overall really nice).
It doesn't confuse anyone, quite the opposite. The irony for me was my own isolation with the non-tech folks.
Personally, I use it for everything right now. It's faster to do `uv init` and then add your dependencies with `uv add` and than just `uv run <whatever>`. You can argue that poetry does the same, but `uv` also has a pipx alternative, which I find myself using more than the package manager that my distro offers, since I never had compatibility issues with packages.
Since the topic of VC funding keeps coming up, I will quote myself from the blog post I did a few months ago [1]:

> there is an elephant in the room which is that Astral is a VC funded company. What does that mean for the future of these tools? Here is my take on this: for the community having someone pour money into it can create some challenges. For the PSF and the core Python project this is something that should be considered. However having seen the code and what uv is doing, even in the worst possible future this is a very forkable and maintainable thing. I believe that even in case Astral shuts down or were to do something incredibly dodgy licensing wise, the community would be better off than before uv existed.

[1]: https://lucumr.pocoo.org/2024/8/21/harvest-season/
So, why should I switch to this and what is going to stop some other tool becoming the "python package/env management darling" in 2025?
D Program Structure
But when will he have a practical optical transistor?
A 'human dead mans switch' may well be more reliable than technology, so long as you pick the right person.
What's the battery life of something like that under normal usage?
I think TypeScript shown that you can have dynamic language with as much or as little static typing as you like.

Old common static typing languages felt bad and restrictive and contorting just because typing is hard that when people created them made a relatively simple, underpowered thing which was as complex as they could make. Understanding of types advanced much since then so now you can conveniently and partially add types even to a dynamic language with rich semantics and there's very little reason not to as (unitentionally) demonstrated by this article.
> Why shouldn’t an array at the smallest possible index correspond to the beginning of the array?

Because then there is no good way to refer to the index before that point: You are stuck using -1 (which means you can't use it to refer to the end of the array), or null (which isn't great either).

> every programming language I know of that supports the concept of unsigned integer

Surely you know Python which uses a signed integer as an index into their arrays: list[-1] is the last element of a list. If they only used one-based indexing then list[1] would be the first and that would be nicely symmetrical. It would also mean that list[i-1] would NEVER refer to a value after ‹i› eliminating a whole class of bugs.

> It’s also very natural to think of arr[i] as “i steps past the beginning of arr.”

I think it's more natural to think of arr[i] as “the ‹i›th element of arr” because it doesn't require explaining what a step is or what the beginning is.

The exact value of ‹i› matters very little until you try to manipulate it: Starting array indexes at one and using signed indexes instead of unsigned means less manipulation overall.

> find the convention used in many countries of numbering building floors starting with zero to be more logical

In Europe, we typically mark the ground-floor as floor-zero, but there are often floors below it just as there are often floors above it, so the floors might be numbered "from" -2 for example in a building with two below-ground floors. None of this has anything to do with arrays, it's just using things like "LG" or "B" for "lower ground" or "basement" don't translate very well to the many different languages used in Europe.

The software in the elevator absolutely doesn't "start" its array of sense-switches in the middle (at zero).
Well someone needs to tell graphene so stop fucking it's coworkers and get back to set
COVID vaccines weren’t believed to be QALY positive for a substantial period of the mandates, according to actuarial estimates.

The vaccines hospitalized at a rate higher than they prevented hospitalizations and the mandates applied to groups who were at virtually no risk.

> The ethics around vaccination is it saved well over 1 million US lives without direct force, that’s a clear win by any reasonable ethical system.

Except that force was used, to restrict the rights of those who didn’t comply with mandates. And numerous atrocities have been conducted by exactly that utilitarian mindset.

You can claim you needed to violate Nuremberg, but the data doesn’t support that and I’ll continue to think you’re morally defective.
Google raises floor price for adverts
I hate to godwinize but the "good family man" defense was typical for the most heinous Nazis.
It’s not anything like rehosting though. Assume I read a bunch of web articles, synthesize that knowledge and then answer a bunch of question on the web. I am performing some form of information retrieval. Do I need to pay the folks who wrote those articles even though they provided it for free on the web?

It seems like the only difference between me and ChatGPT is the scale at which ChatGPT operates. ChatGPT can memorize a very large chunk of the web and keep answering millions of questions while I can memorize a small piece of the web and only answer a few questions. And maybe due to that, it requires new rules, new laws and new definitions for the better of society. But it’s nowhere near as clear cut as the Google example you provide.
Magnus played 5 world championships, with 3 against players of his generation. In those 3,he only managed a plus score once - against Nepo who was more than holding his own then lost one tough game and went on his notorious monkey tilt. The other two were drawn in classical.

Magnus is, by a landslide, the best tournament player (probably ever) but the world championship for classical is very different than a tournament, and his results there have not been anywhere near the level of his tournament performances.

And Magnus has also stated that he believes he has peaked. Basically - he was going to imminently lose, and I think he wanted to go out undefeated. Notably the one player he was willing to play, Alireza, was the only viable contender who he would expect to have been an overwhelming favourite against.

Also in terms of legacy, the max number of world championship victories is 6. He stopped at 5.
> If Python is too slow or otherwise not good enough to write a good Python package manager in, why use Python altogether?

Not every language needs to be good at every thing. Pythons main advantage is inertia, not the things required for this kind of tooling.
Is this still a discussion in 2023? I remember writing phpdoc @type hints in 2013, as that was the de facto way to have intelligent autocompletion in editors back then.
Silicon Valley Tea Party a.k.a. the great 1998 Linux revolt take II (1999)
UV creator's response on the concerns regarding VC money:

> I don't want to charge people money to use our tools, and I don't want to create an incentive structure whereby our open source offerings are competing with any commercial offerings (which is what you see with a lost of hosted-open-source-SaaS business models).

> What I want to do is build software that vertically integrates with our open source tools, and sell that software to companies that are already using Ruff, uv, etc. Alternatives to things that companies already pay for today.

> An example of what this might look like (we may not do this, but it's helpful to have a concrete example of the strategy) would be something like an enterprise-focused private package registry. A lot of big companies use uv. We spend time talking to them. They all spend money on private package registries, and have issues with them. We could build a private registry that integrates well with uv, and sell it to those companies. [...]

> But the core of what I want to do is this: build great tools, hopefully people like them, hopefully they grow, hopefully companies adopt them; then sell software to those companies that represents the natural next thing they need when building with Python. Hopefully we can build something better than the alternatives by playing well with our OSS, and hopefully we are the natural choice if they're already using our OSS.

https://hachyderm.io/@charliermarsh/113103564055291456
Typescript doesnt blow up when someone passes a legacy assumption into a static typed area of dynamic code.

I've seen too many bugs with PHP static typing for it to be worth it in mature systems. It's great in greenfield, but yeah, old code is hard to work it into unlike typescript which tends to be more forgiving. Though, I will say, typescript is just as viral if not more so.
http://www.thelastquestion.net/ - in case someone missed it somehow
Tempered class is made using similar process. What is the strength difference between Ruperts drop and best bulled proof class?
I don't know of any other laptop with a GPU that has 32GB of VRAM, and definitely not any with 64 or 128.
any idea how it compares to Docling?
Yeah most of his examples looked terrible to me. It's actually part of why reading papers is so damn difficult even when the paper says something simple. They're obsessed with this stilted formal tone that no one actually likes and leaves out subtle but important context clues.
Yep. You can gradually start to use feature set of uv. Beside it uses standards of python project management, so you don’t have vendor lock-in here.
Perhaps doing nothing other than remind us meet.hn exists
Citizenship Is Becoming More of a Privilege Than a Right
docling does not use LLMs...
You can either switch off Gatekeeper or go into the system settings to click open anyway. Yes, it’s annoying though.
I havent advertised on Google for years so I don’t know this stuff, but am surprised that there is such common knowledge of a floor price, and importantly if that does not allow prices to find a market clearing level what’s the choice businesses will have …
It can imply isolation, but not necessarily. It is also possible that there are some precursor languages, of which no evidence could be found (yet). Another good example are the Koreanic languages of which modern Korean is a member.

The Ket language of central Siberia has long been believed to be isolate, but was later classified as a member of the Dene–Yeniseian language family (or at least proposed, afaik this research is still ongoing).
It’s weird because I’m pretty sure my brain does something similar when I speed read. I don’t actually, usually, read the words; instead I recognize the shape of the words (most common words) then I jump to the subject of the paragraphs and break down the meaning of the whole page in a second or so.
One big factor was bandwidth. Seems Apple mostly solved that though.