skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Being able to patch the microcode only solves part of the possible problems a CPU can have.

My guess -- and I hope you can confirm it at some point in the future -- is that more modern CPUs can patch other data structures as well. Perhaps the TLB walker state machine, perhaps some tables involved in computation (like the FDIV table), almost certainly some of the decoder machinery.

How does one make a patchable parallel multi-stage decoder is what I'd really like to know!
How did you end up with TM backup larger than original source? Sure, total storage consumed on TM drive can be larger than source, but that is because older versions of files are stored as well. But restoring most recent versions of files should be equal to source in size.
Like we use 中国 for China or Allemagne for Germany or ??
I would argue JVM right now is by far the best platform.

Virtual Threads is making its way through the ecosystem and Scala is serving as the R&D platform demonstrating how cutting edge features can be implemented e.g.

https://docs.scala-lang.org/scala3/reference/experimental/cc...
I don't understand the limitation, e.g. how much data do you need to train the "law state" specific LLM that doesn't know anything else but that?

Such LLM does not need to have 400B of parameters since it's not a general knowledge LLM but perhaps I'm wrong on this (?). So my point rather is that it may very well be, let's take for example, a 30B parameters LLM which in turn means that we might have just enough data to train it. Larger contexts in smaller models are a solved problem.
Are they getting huge bonuses or dividends?
I recently tried out htmx for rendering a web clone of the terminal UI for https://github.com/bjackman/limmat

It's a simple usecase but nonetheless I was blown away by how trivial HTMX made it! Very cool.
This is a lovely personal project, but calling it “Industry-grade” is downright silly… it’s roughly the exchange most people write at a trading hackathon, extended a bit
Agree, behavior vs misbehavior (aka feature vs bug) is user's decision (at call site), not author's decision (at implementation side).

Semver is just _indicative_ attempt at describing changes.

If this wasn't true, we wouldn't have lockfiles.

Ie. semver is just approximate attempt at change description that aids/helps development/maintenance but should never be fully trusted.

The only way it could fully work in automated fashion is if the whole program would be written in some formal proof language – then dependency upgrades could be considered as breaking or non breaking. But again, easier and more precise from end user position, not author's position because breaking change in one project can always be non breaking in other if that part is not used/used in more relaxed manner.
Ask HN: Do you prefer tailing or leading comma?
In the js space, people often leave a tailing comma at the end of each line, when writing the elements of an array.

I was the practise of using leading comma in Elm, where we put a comma at the beginning of each line, when writing elements of a list.

I'm also using leading comma (and leading and/or) when writing sql query.

For example:

select
user.id
, user.username
from user
where user.ban_time is null
and user.activate_time is not null
Thanks! Exactly - I feel much more comfortable talking about the hardware at work now after having made this and feel more confident about making something more advanced.

This is my first printer so I don't have anything to compare it to, but to me it seems to "just work"
That's generally true, but you also have the ability to stop and look closer if you want to. If someone asks you to count the letters in a word, you will stop to look at the letters individually. If you see an unfamiliar word like SolidGoldMagikarp, you can stop and break it apart. Tokenization prevents LLMs from doing this.
Our footloose index: the most attractive countries for graduates
Also, https://scrapscript.org/
> 1. Who will be the next RISC-V International CEO?

Pat Gelsinger is available

> 2. What will Calista do thereon?

I hear Intel has a position vacant.

Not serious, obviously. Gelsinger is used to $17m a year, and RVI has revenues of about $4m from membership fees. He's 63. He could just as well go back to Lancaster County and buy a farm.

Intel seems like a suicide mission -- with an outside chance of being a giant hero.
Calista seems like a long shot, but she's the right age to put 5 or 10 years into it as a final assignment. Her experience at both hyper-corporate IBM and nimble RISC-V and leadership in open standards and track record of identifying industry trends early might help Intel innovate and explore areas beyond x86 dominance, such as RISC-V, AI, and edge computing. It would be a huge dice-roll for both parties.
It matters, you're just not going to be pulling $300k-$500k making it. Across all industries, best paying jobs are rarely the most fun ones.
What did you mean by "viral"?
People wait for things all the time and if it can take away the hassle or driving your kids somewhere, maintaining multiple vehicles for multiple family members etc. I'd bet that it does take off. Public transport doesn't solve groceries or other types of shopping though even in highly connected cities, especially for people with health problems or just aging ones.
Ask HN: Do you use GenAI based solution for PR review?
Hey awesome HN members

I am looking for recommended GenAI based tool which can help in enhancing PR reviews. Any guidance/suggestion is highly appreciable.
If I’m currently filtering some search data and hit refresh (or the browser tab went to sleep and wakes up, or restored after a reboot) I expect it to be in the same place without having to search and filter again.
Tinder Warns of Declining Revenue While It Rethinks Core App
That SYSTEM that enables modern enligtened society is called "monopoly on violence".

There's no way out of violence, your system needs to be founded on it.

And I wouldn't say that the what previous poster described is akin to witch trials. It's rather akin to painting the bullseye labelled "right" after taking the shot and hitting something other than your foot. And that was what all human cultures were doing since the beginning of time. Recent western trend to paint the bullseye labelled "wrong" at their hit is novel but equally disingenious.
So that’s it for Magnus Carlson’s perfect streak?
The way I feel is that if another tool comes along that I like better, I’ll switch again. Or if I prefer the stability for some reason, I won’t.

Either way, I don’t see any need to stop people from building better things.
Well, at least he doesn't use a dynamically typed language.

Do you have a hunch when algebraic datatypes will arrive for c#? I know there is now a sort of proposal, but will it take years?
Meh, I use the programming language that makes the most money for myself.

In that case it was Go, in some cases it's Java (although I am steering away from it)

I personally don't care for clean code principles, TDD or whatever, but I do testing only on the significant components when the cash rolls in.

But to each to their own.
Why would you wait for 10 minutes? Robo taxis would be driving all around to be optimally available to the market.
I think you may have misunderstood the OP's point - the entropy you calculate for a system depends on how you factor the system into micro and macro states. This doesn't really have anything to do with changes of reference frame - in practice it's more about limitations on the kinds of measurements you can make of the system.

(you can't measure the individual states of all the particles in a body of gas, for instance, so you factor it into macrostate variables like pressure/temperature/volume and such)
But do you really want to work at a company with managers that have zero technical experience? To me it always has been extremely annoying working with people that can't imagine the magnitude of work, that some "small" changes come with.

My current boss and company owner is also a programmer and its far easier and good for my nerves. He just doesnt have the time to code anymore.
Hard nonporous surfaces are easier to clean, sanitize, and maintain, which is why you find these kinds of surfaces everywhere in professional settings, especially anything to do with food or medicine. Anything that isn't able to be cleaned and sanitized in those settings is usually single use disposable.
Sometimes animosity links one year to the next.

Hitler -> Stalin

Putin -> Obama

Trump -> #MeToo

Taylor Swift -> Trump
A related thread from earlier this year,

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41037981 ("What Is Entropy? (johncarlosbaez.wordpress.com)", 209 comments)
That's because people are behind the wheel. Once car ownership drops, the computerized traffic control can get much more efficient.
Exactly, if anyone is shocked at what happened to that insurance CEO, there is a reason.

Elites never face personal consequences beyond fines, maybe expect when they defraud investors.
I think there might be a reporting bias here? You only hear the negative news, i.e. when a vc-backed company does something bad. If they do something good, that's not news.
https://archive.ph/vMBWL
I couldn't care less in which language it is written, as long as it solves my problems with Python. And uv absolutely does.
I don't know time machine, but why would a full restore take more space than the original drive? Wouldn't a full time machine restore by default restore the last state of the system being backed up (and not full history) by default like any half decent backup solution?
Yes who needs generics and a proper error handling system.

When you can have Go where the boilerplate is so bad you literally have to rely on generating source code files in order to maintain a sane level of productivity.

I use idiomatic Go every day and it's like being back in the 90s.
And you could even use SSS (Shamir's Secret Sharing - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamir%27s_secret_sharing) to split the key to decrypt your confidential information across n people, such that some k (where k < n) of those people need to provide their share to get the key.

Then, for example, consider n = 5, k = 3 - if any 3 of 5 selected friends decide the trigger has been met, they can work together to decrypt the information. But a group of 2 of the 5 could not - reducing the chance of it leaking early if a key share is stolen / someone betrays or so on. It also reduces the chance of it not being released when it should, due someone refusing or being unable to act (in that case, up to 2 friends could be incapacitated, unwilling to follow the instructions, or whatever, and it could still be released).
> Using Rust enables uv to install Python interpreters.

It could be built with Python and ship with a standalone Python interpreter to bootstrap though.

More likely, it’s easier to write fast and correct Rust code.
It’d be hard to draw any conclusion. A whistleblower must be under extreme stress and pressure which in itself in some way or other will increase the risk of death — so that has to be taken account before saying the plausible cause for the excess deaths is assassination.
It seems to be written by someone who doesn't understand BlueSky. It isn't twitter or Facebook where the posts you see are determined by some hidden algorithm. You get to choose the algorithm that chooses what posts you see. Many of them are open source.

So if you want BlueSky to be a nice safe place without Jesse Signal and his ilk, just choose the right feed. There is no need to ban him.

If your goal isn't to create a safe space for yourself and your friends, but rather to cancel Jesse from the entire internet then yep, demanding BlueSky ban him is the right course of action.
Yes, huge monoliths
uv is cool, no doubt—super fast, love the idea of managing Python versions + deps all in one place. But VC funding... Rust... unofficial Python builds... lots of red flags here if you think about the long-term impact on the ecosystem.

VC-backed tools always make me a little nervous. Sure, Astral says the tools will stay free, and I get that they're targeting enterprise for revenue (private package registries, etc.). But how many times have we heard this before? “Don’t be evil,” right? We’ve seen companies pivot to paywalls or watered-down open-source tools after funding dries up. What guarantees do we have here that uv won't eventually fall into that same trap?

Yeah, Rust is amazing (ruff is a beast), but it’s still a small subset of devs compared to Python. If Astral folds or just loses interest, how easy is this really going to be for the Python community to maintain? Forkable? Sure. But forkable ≠ maintainable when the dev pool is tiny.

Also, what's with using unofficial Python builds by default? Even on platforms where official builds exist (macOS/Windows)? I get that these standalone builds solve certain problems (like bootstrapping), but it feels like a risky shortcut. If those unofficial builds go unsupported or change directions, where does that leave "uv"? Why not at least give users the option to rely on official binaries?

And fragmentation... Python tooling is already a mess. Pip, poetry, conda, pyenv, rye, flit, etc.—do we really need another tool in the mix? Feels like every new tool just promises to "fix packaging forever" but ends up adding another layer of complexity. Why not contribute these improvements to existing tools like pip? Sure, innovation is great, but at what point does it become too much choice and not enough cohesion?

uv looks great, and I love the speed + features. But the ecosystem-level risks here... hard to ignore. Would love to see some stronger guarantees around open-source sustainability, community governance, and alignment with Python standards before jumping in fully. Otherwise, it’s just one more shiny tool that could end up abandoned or locked behind a paywall in 5 years.
I concur.

Python was essentially dead for me outside of simple scripts, because of constant friction: pip, pyenv, poetry, pyproject.toml, rye - wtf? Now it's python3 -m pip3 install --user uv; uv init; uv add <package> and I'm good to go.
Or amazing uvx <package>.
Finally someone understands how it is supposed to be done.
Why can't you use HTMX with a static back end?

It's a front end library?
Molex Micro Lock is the new (old) hot shit.
Lovely article. The subjective nature of entropy and information immediately makes me think of the IIT theory (integrated information theory) of consciousness and its foundational futility. Information cannot be discussed without perspective. Someone has to define the states. A die have 6 states only to us humans. What about an ant that's likely to have the die land on it? Bringing the observer back into discussions of information is fascinating because it then begs the question: How is the observer put together? And how does a perspective, an I, emerge in a multi-trillion-cell entity?
For those interested in this detour, you might like reading this and our book (mentioned in there)

https://saigaddam.medium.com/consciousness-is-a-consensus-me...
Tecnically yes but slow as hell and you are using a software you are not licensed for in this case.
Hasn't IT told you that you shouldn't write your password on basalt tablets? Time for another IT Security compliance e-training...
Launch meetups at $X per seat. Provide drinks, food, whatever and a whiteboard space where people can discuss ideas. Personally, I would love to talk to other startup minded (even if working at the local bank for 30 years) type people.
I think he meant iOS.
> History teaches us that end to end learned system beats human designed mechanisms

I think this may need some qualifiers

Even byte representations are human designed encodings. I would think a human designed decoder of such encodings must be more efficient than learning. Sure bytes encoding a stream of unicode code points maps fairly easy to useful information. But bytes representing a zip compressed collection of PDF files?

I did wonder though, training on text encoding vs pixel encoding, perhaps brute forcing OCR, like humans, will be more flexible in the end then being limited to text encodings.
Platforms that lack MS Teams are doing the user a favor.
That is just basic resistance to change.

People keep recommending Krita or photopea against Gimp but I am using both (Krita for digital painting, gimp for other stuff) and have made back to back test with all 3 software and the UI is almost identica[1] so that is just ignorance talking.

[1] just a handful of menus in a different order woaaaaa torture indeed!!!
The 50-50 probability is way overused. It is like ppl subconsciously think that two outcomes make the odds 1:1.
Cohesion and simplicity of use.

uv init; uv add

No more pip freeze, source .venv/bin/activate, deactivate bullcrap.
The alphabet is so cool, strong resemblance to Tolkien's elvish. Especially when you find a ruined castle or monastery in the mountains with that script on the gate.

Though I recall on my first trip there being told that the origin of the Georgian script was the developer of the Armenian script tossing some spaghetti on the wall.
oh, my apologies executive chef, now I understand, you appears to insinuate the data is not stored, they are a handful of unaligned logic gates spontaneously generating data.
Classic software problem. "This thing is so great, its never been faster. Now if only it didn't break everything for my users"
I poured soup into a glass bowl that contained many shards from a chipped rim that I failed to notice. I had consumed nearly the entire bowl when I bit into the largest shard.
I strained the remaining soup for glass, found more shards, but many were unaccounted for. Only possibility left was that I had slurped them down
Then you just make those friends a target. They only need to buy-off or kill 3. It is unlikely the general public would know of them, so it likely wouldn’t be reported on.
Its actually a good question on who needs generics. It makes code unreadable and was never really useful in commercial products.
Yeah my bad, good point, didn't realise! Two great tools from one company though :)
Correct me if I'm wrong but all he was whiltleblowing is that OpenAI trained on copyrighted content, which is completely normal and expected although its legality is yet to be determined.
You use it everyday, yet have not figured out that it has had generics for almost 3 years?
@type phpdocs are no longer required in almost all cases.
> Ha, that gives a pretty good picture how "open" Openai is.

"Any country with 'democratic' in its name, isn't".

The fight to claim a word's meaning can sometimes be fascinating to observe. We've started with "Free Software", but it was easily confused with "freeware", and in the meantime the meaning of "open source" was being put to test by "source available" / "look but do not touch" - so we ended up with atrocities like "FLOSS", which are too cringe for a serious-looking company to try to take over. I think "open" is becoming meaningless (unless you're explicitly referring to open(2)). With the advent of smart locks, even the definition of an open door is getting muddy.

Same for "AI". There's nothing intelligent about LLMs, not while humans continue to supervise the process. I like to include creativity and self-reflection in my working definition of intelligence, traits which LLMs are incapable of.
I like to use the the 0.1% cya too, but that makes you sound 99.9% less sure.
The main reason is that it’s impossible to trademark a model number.

Also, Weird Al would not have been able to make a song, “It’s All About the 586es.” It just doesn’t scan.
If I had a penny for every time I try to dissuade a dev from busing a huge k8s system for a business that does not have a single user yet - I would have a bunch of pennies
This is all given, however, through Sanskrit, so you are proving to me that the language itself shows the hierarchal dominance that the culture imposed, and that hierarchal dominance shows itself in the philosophy.
Jailing people just for having a stake in a company that did something illegal could kill the economy. People would be affraid to invest in companies, and move money to simple things like real estate (or to foreign investments).
Apple doesn’t care. They want you to subscribe to their iCloud plans and “abstract” away backups so that you lose the ability to own your backups.
Try writing Go without generics. No typed maps, arrays, slices, channels or function types. Only `interface{}`. Go always had generics, you just weren’t allowed to write your own until recently.
Im going to go out a limb here and say: if you’re going to respond to this with “lol Java” or “but you’ll like go if you try it for long enough”, you’re doing yourself and your community a disservice.

Responding to detailed critique with trite offhand dismissal just comes off as a massive Kool Aid Drinker. Don’t be that guy!

Anyway, here my take!

Go! It is beyond frustrating that the core team has walked back on a number of stubborn decision that they were wrong about and that they appear to have made in a stubborn opinionated way based on good intentions and a deep failure to listen to people who really do know what they’re talking about.

…until it becomes overwhelming apparent that they were wrong; buuut, I still use it, and I don’t dislike it that much and maybe taking a long time to get to a good position isn’t a bad thing?

It is frustrating; but what do you want? There’s a good package system now. Some of the missing tools are there now. Generics. That’s good right? Why is that a bad thing?

Frustrating? Ok. But bad? Bad enough to not use go?

How is having good things now a reason not to use them?

Also, when you look at other kitchen-sync languages that are eager to embrace new things, there’s a bloated complexity that comes with it. That’s also frustrating and draining.

You can’t have everything.

A lot of people use go and it’s fine.

If you’re building a big complicated ERP system, maybe Java is a better choice for you. It’s a good choice for some people. Java is also a great programming language and it has a massive, excellent third party ecosystem.

…

If go makes you sad, don’t use it.

Some of the critique is probably fair, but it’s still a great language with an excellent set of tools around it (not debugging, or c ffi, but static binaries and cross compiling :)

The critique of the “go way” and the go core team is probably unfair; it can feel frustrating. I get frustrated. …but you get a pile of shiny crap when you design by committee. These people are doing a lot of work and it’s going… pretty ok, I think?

Strong, opinionated maintainers are a good thing.
I use it for cooking, proofreading, learning German, skimming long documents, shopping advice (by uploading photos), and asking dumb questions about physics that get me [closed] if I were to post on physics stack exchange, in addition to being a coding assistant.
Tried Htmx a while back... mixed feelings. Love how easy it is to get basic interactivity—honestly, adding a filter or an upvote button in a couple of lines of HTML feels like magic. No messing with a frontend framework, no bundlers - just works.

But I hit walls when I needed more complex stuff. Like, if I want to keep state on the client (e.g., a live calculator or sliders updating a table), Htmx feels clunky. Sending a request to the server every time a user adjusts a slider—yeah, no. React or Svelte is a better fit there. And if you're already using those tools. Htmx starts to feel redundant. Why add more when you've got everything in one place?

Also, not sure about the recent patch release - Changing default behavior in a minor update? Feels risky, even if it's "fixing a bug." Imagine waking up to find your body tag wiped because you updated without reading the changelog, yikes. Makes me think twice about trusting it in production.

Butfor MPAs or projects that lean heavily on server-side rendering, it’s a game-changer. You’re not rebuilding the wheel, just enhancing it. Htmx has a sweet spot—it’s just not always the right tool for every job. Depends what you're building, I guess...