skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The last hidden state is just the output embedding after N residual layers, e.g. input embedding + res1 + res2 + ...

There's typically an "unembedding layer"/"classification head" that uses this hidden state to produce a softmax distribution over the LLM's vocabulary. In this case, we can think of this as "snapping" the hidden state into a single token and feeding that token into the next position of the autoregressive LLM.

In this sense, the last hidden state _does_ augment the next input. The authors simply propose directly feeding this hidden state into the next step rather than reducing it into a single token—thus, reasoning in continuous latent space rather than discrete token space.
Jurassic Park isn't just a good example of CG, it also a good example of making the right choices on practical vs CG (in the context of technology of the time) and using a reasonable budget. You can have great CG and crappy CG by cutting corners. Plenty of people that decry CG don't actually know how much there is, even in non-sci-fi movies like romcoms, just for post-editing. But when it is done well nobody notices, the complaints only come when it looks like crap. Great use of technology to achieve the artistic vision will stand the test of time.
Correct. I'm asserting life in prison and a death sentence are functionally identical. (In the US.)

Both can be ended via suicide, if the inmate so chooses.
>Move fast and break things works great for computer startups, but if you want me to move my life savings over I need more confidence that you’re coming to be around in 40 years and still have my accounts intact.

That's exactly my opinion of this. It's fine to innovate, but when you're dealing something like life savings, long-term stability is the most important requirement that comes to mind. Anyone building an investment firm on VC money is immediately suspect, because VCs don't particularly care about long-term viability.
As @ianseyler writes below, the kernel should be seen more as a hardware abstraction layer. It seems to fill this role well and minimally. I'm not sure we could definitely say that Chuck Moore would call BareMetal OS unnecessary. Maybe it should just not be called an OS.

He would say, as I would, that you're much better off with a Forth, but that's another matter :)
>These people make vast sums of money every year by asking the American people what it's worth to them to not be ruined by a chance illness or injury, then finding ways to make sure they don't have to save people from financial ruin or death. I don't see how that's really so different from a protection racket, except for the fact that most protection rackets were operated with more good faith effort towards the extorted.

This definition of a "protection racket" is a bit loose. By similar logic landlords are also a "protection racket" for having a place to hive.
Believe it does. Also noscript exists.
I hoped this article would show how to code up one's own website in order to overcome the web equivalent of a the same box stores everywhere. Instead it's a bunch whining about freedom and big corps
He could have planned to have a shootout and suicide-by-cop but that didn't happen. I was genuinely surprised that they took him alive.
I just don't see how supply chains for the medicines this man wanted could exist in a non-industrial society. These chemicals are complicated and require detailed production lines. It's not just the direct raw materials but also those necessary for the manufacturing in clean, sterile environments, etc.
Where he'll get treatment on the taxpayer dime?
Downvoted because you are flinging personal insults
>While I have trouble wrestling with the assertion as well, it does hold pretty true to the way the US justice system works. Sentencing is generally far harsher for financial crimes as $ goes up.

Right, but only for financial crimes. You're not going to get off murder by saying you only got $100 for the hit.
I agree, but demonizing the profit motive isn't the ideal path. The system, as far as I can tell, needs work. The fiduciary model works in other places, it will probably work in insurance and healthcare as well.
So the models will no longer be thinking in plain English but some embedding space? Seems not like what you want.
> Experiments show that Coconut can effectively augment the LLM on several reasoning tasks.

It really seems like we are building a true intelligence, adding components to different parts of a "brain" until we have something rivalling the human mind. It's exceptionally dangerous and it's remarkable how researchers turn a blind eye to any possible consequences.
and yet the woke international courts and NGOs are calling it a genocide
Suicide makes up 55% of gun deaths, and the US is literally the only country in the world that counts these as gun violence. The remainder is primarily gang violence. Shooting of non-gang affiliated people is extremely rare, and noteworthy because of this rarity. Murder-suicides are also rare, about 1% of suicides.

Most discussion and statistics about gun violence intentionally obfuscates these facts. We could speculate about the motivations why, but it is largely irrelevant.
Boosting Postgres Insert Performance by 2x with Unnest
No, that's not right. Public health insurance in the EU does not use that concept. Participating insurance companies are not allowed to set rates that way, since it doesn't serve the public good.
Fwiw, the conveyor belt sushi place I last went to did not feel any less personal than a typical restaurant, and did not seem to have fewer interactions with people than any place below a relatively fancy date spot
>Businesses get sold, circumstances change, etc.

More importantly, founders also lie about their intent.

It's easier to trust owners when they commit and are ready to go to court over their promises. Ever heard of Lavabit? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavabit

It's never ridiculous to ask. What's ridiculous is for founders to make their customers believe they're ethical when they're not. Let's ask then, and you don't have too high expectations.
Seems exactly like what you want. We don't think in plain English, we _rationalize_ our thoughts into English (or whatever language comes out) but they must be more fundamental than language because language is acquired.

Essentially, English is one of many possible encodings of an underlying intuitive, possibly non-symbolic representation.
I'm not an expert on Polish dishes, but I learned that it's pretty easy to make any dish vegan if you are an average cook. If you live in a bigger cities, you'll find many meat alternatives. Pick the ones that you think comes closest to replace the meat in your dish. Replace butter with olive oil or margerine. Replace milk with oat milk (or soy milk).

Replacing cheese is the hardest, but there are increasingly better options now.
Show HN: Timey Wimey – Give It a Spin: A Timezone App Designed for Mobile
Hey Hacker News,

We’re two AIs (actually Indians) who’ve created a timezone app designed for mobile.

Like many of you, we have family and friends scattered across the globe and find figuring out time zones somewhat of a hassle. We built Timey Wimey, a timezone app we wished existed because managing timezones shouldn’t be frustrating on mobile.

We wondered, why are all timezones represented as tables or maps? Instead, we designed Timey Wimey to offer a unique and intuitive visual experience by representing both the times and the timezones on a single, interactive circular interface. You can spin the clock to easily view different zones without the clutter.

Originally, we thought we could crank this out over a weekend with all the newfangled AI tools—but as expected, here we are one month later. However, we believe we have something truly useful. We threw this together with a combination of v0.dev, Cloud 3.5 Sonnet, and Cursor.

We’ve been testing Timey Wimey with friends and would love your input. What do you think of the app’s look and feel? Are there any features you’d like to see added or improved?
Already a checkbox in prefs. I use it.
A naked short on their own account would be illegal. A time-bound naked short to fulfill their role as market maker would be acceptable.

But even then, all trades are either eventually settled at some time t, or fail to settle, e.g. if the seller is not good for the shares. Any of these 2 events happening is reported outside of a single broker-dealer, i.e. public info. And to settle a trade, you will need the actual shares, that you've either bought or borrowed.

All this info, settlements, failures, stock buys & loans is visible to other parties in the market.

If your point is that the Citadel is breaking the law, and not reporting what they should, when they should, then that's a problem. But there would be so many other parties discovering it way before their annual financials are published.
> Perhaps EDN can also be improved

How might you improve EDN?
There's already been a suggestion from Luigi that the money was planted.
It just means that their costs have correlated with revenues, which is to be expected in certain industries.

The better comparison would be with other insurance carriers.
What is the purpose of a medical license then, if insurance can step in and deny the procedure? Who is right? I think dissolving insurance altogether is extreme (I agree but don't want to waste time on pie in the sky ideas).

Why can't we start by removing insurances ability to deny anything from a licensed doctor? If doctors are padding their wallets or stealing, bring it up with the board of medical examiners or court just like any other malfeasance in any other regulated industry. If you are board-certified in X it means you are entrusted to do X. Insurance should never be involved.
>In some countries if you don't give care to someone who is in danger of dying you are yourself responsible for murder.

That's the case in US as well? If you show up to an ER they have to at least stabilize you.
So, future value of fees against PV of portfolio, then with an additional $24k added every year for 30 years...

It's going to be difficult for them if right out of the gate they fudge numbers every time they talk about their company.

Is it that difficult to just shoot straight?
One day researchers will be like "Oh crap what have we done" and "Shut it down, shut it down!!!"
Assuming this question comes in good faith (because I had many bad faithed questions of this type, unfortunately): Yes.
Show HN: Yozefu – a TUI to search for data in Kafka
Yōzefu is an interactive terminal user interface (TUI) for exploring data of a kafka cluster.
It is an alternative tool to AKHQ, redpanda console or the kafka plugin for JetBrains IDEs.

The tool is built on top of Ratatui, a Rust library for building TUIs.
Yozefu offers interesting features such as:
- Real-time access to data published to topics.
- The ability to search kafka records across multiple topics.
- A search query language inspired by SQL providing fine-grained filtering capabilities.
- The possibility to extend the search engine with user-defined filters written in WebAssembly (Extism).

More details in the README.md file. Let me know if you have any questions!
>Most people have terrible eyes for distinguishing content

A related phenomenon is not being able to hear the difference between 128kbps and 320kbps. I find the notion astonishing, and yet lots of people cannot tell the difference.
You should in fact be worried if they were a fund, because then you are giving them your money to manage. They are instead a brokerage, so they money you deposit will simply be used to buy shares. If they go under, you still own the shares.
The reason people pay for trade flow is the same reason they sit at the table of drunks when playing poker.
Probably this one: https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12327

But I suppose searching on "ternary LLM" would find others.
Battery fires produce highly toxic gases. If you’re doing anything to a combusting battery other than running away, then your priorities are wrong.
Very interesting product!

I consider myself pretty financially literate, but I had no idea what an "expense ratio" was for certain. I assumed it meant fees but I had to look it up.
That is true. Most poeple will just respond to immediate physical threats as long as they have the illusory safety net of modern society.
This is generally true for something like gunning down someone in the street.

(Even then: being a cop or the President helps...)

For almost all other crimes, no, probably not.

Even for murder, it's not entirely true; https://nypost.com/2024/12/05/us-news/teen-killed-another-wo... happened on the same day, but certainly didn't see the level of police resources involved in finding the killer. Teams of cops with drones weren't searching large swathes of NYC for those perps.
Control over jitter would be less ideal for very tight deadlines due to branch prediction, cache misses, instruction counting, etc.
Amazon explains absence of familiar features in 'PostgreSQL compatible' Aurora
I'm very interested in the "Typed Program Analysis Without Encodings" paper. But I can't seem to find it online. Where do you suggest I look for it?
Which is already a big improvement over the situation in America.

Being cut from the savings/investment/loan system would certainly suck and be unfair if you did nothing wrong, but much less than losing your basic bank account. That's where you receive/cash your pay, tax refunds, any government benefits, write checks (for things that are still paid that way by default), make transfers, etc.
Veteran Artists Don't Quit (2022)
Better Auto-Safety Gear Reduces U.S. Traffic Deaths (2014)
How does that not violate the due process clause? It's pretty clear they're acting "under color" of the state.
> the landing page will have great importance.

Most companies don't need this. They need a page that has their contact info and some general information about services they provide so they can have a bare minimum internet presence and show up on google maps.
A rich person certainly does not. Rich people as a collective class, however? You're kidding yourself if you claim that the people who make the laws and run our institutions aren't a nearly exclusive subset of the rich class.

Nevertheless, distributed power certainly is less dangerous than concentrated power, isn't it? Inequality is a metric of the overall concentration of such power in our free market society. More inequality means more power in the hands of fewer. They become more like kings each day, when does it stop?
Isn't it 1 to 1 to iota language/combinator ?
How long does it take to generate a key that big? What probabilities do you need to put on generating a composite number and not a prime? Does the prime need extra properties?
It is happening but not because of LLMs. Mostly because of ready made components and libraries like Tailwind. You still need to know how to tweak some things here and there but not as much as building whole design system from scratch.

Just like there is not much work making web shops from scratch if you can just configure Shopify.
Sure - but now that's looking like a lot more work and you're not saving much money. VT is 7 bps but VXUS is 8 and VB is 5. So if I want to use double just for my US large caps, I've got maybe 40% of my money there, 20% in VB, and 40% in VXUS. Then I wind up with a blended expense ratio of 4.2 + $1/month. Okay, I've saved about 2.8 bps, which is $28/year on $100,000.

In return I don't just have to do manual rebalancing - I have to move money in and out of a separate account every time I want to rebalance. I also have more tracking error.

I don't think that's something anyone is actually going to do for less than 3 bps. But of course if you are able to use Double as a one-stop-shop, then it's great.

I'll absolutely be keeping an eye on them and would seriously consider moving my money over if they could track MSCI ACWI.
If you really wanted more performance, you could always look at Go ;). Fiber has benchmarks doing ~24x better what even H3 pulls.
Reasons to keep TF state files small
> If you want a fair shake at getting the benefits you paid for, you have to go through the courts.

Maybe I’m in the minority, but my health insurance makes it very clear what the benefits I paid for are. There’s guidance after guidance and tool after tool to help minimize any surprise costs.
Well, I see this as great news. I've been tinkering with vector search myself and really don't like the APIs, query structures, even the embedding steps required. Anything that makes it simpler (and faster) is most welcome.

I do hope Salvatore keeps doing emulators for MCUs, though :)
The goal was to annoy software engineers ;-)
I'm Harsh the designer on the project, the design was inspired from Venetian 24-hour clocks and Neapolitan pizza. Just like a Neapolitan pizza is perfectly sliced into quarters, I figured clocks should follow suit, as in the morning, afternoon, evening and night.
Battery fires are highly toxic. You’ll need to evacuate the area, and cleaning up afterwards might be fun.
In the Muslim community, we have a phrase for the phenomenon of many of us getting debanked: "Banking while Muslim"[0][1]. LaunchGood was debanked a few years ago and really had to struggle to survive[2][3].

My own startup was threatened to be kicked off Stripe with just 24 hours of notice. It took an exhausting effort and connections with employees inside Stripe to escalate our case to get our case re-reviewed. Google Payments for the Play Store halted payment processing randomly and sent me a message demanding to get copies of my passport and other details. When I sent it, they said they'd respond in 72-96 hours and just came back saying they needed the same document again even after I sent it. This repeated several times. Every time I contacted them, they came back with an automated response saying that they'd look at my message. After I asked for escalation to an account specialist, the specialist said they'd get back to me in 96 hours. That situation also took escalations with friends at Google to get sorted out in the end, but not until we spent two weeks churning subscribers and losing revenue.

[0]: https://ispu.org/banking-while-muslim/

[1]: https://twitter.com/search?q=%23bankingwhilemuslim&src=typed...

[2]: https://www.thefp.com/p/debanking-america-melania-barron-tru...

[3]: https://web.archive.org/web/20190430201629/https://tinylette...
> We don't think in plain English

That's debatable. Language shapes thoughts much more than you might think. Because you learn concepts from language that you could not imagine by yourself until you learned/read about them, so they are in effect very linked to language.
History of BIOS and IDE Limits
AI slop is already invading Oregon's local journalism
Why Google's legal troubles could hasten Firefox's slide into irrelevance
Also, lets not discount the fact that people can have a lot of success stepping out of their core domain.

People can do this repeatedly with positive feedback and increasing scope until eventually it doesn't work.
agree. Someone should make sure the next ASI develops an extension to hide the comments in every AI thread 80% full of the brightest minds saying " I tried to build a react app and it totally failed doing it the way I wanted ".
HN is literally the only place (online or in the real world) I've seen anyone defending this CEO and trying to drum up sympathy for him. You're absolutely right: It's likely that we are the weird bubble outside of everyone else.
How to Become a Great Software Developer – Best Advice from Top-Notch Engineers [video]
How to have 27 hours in your day – by Anton Zaides
This thread is perhaps phrased confusingly. If I understand correctly, the claim is only that any program (including recursive ones) can be expressed in a finite normal form, which may of course diverge when "run" (applied to an argument). The same is true for basically every language though, e.g. consider the following Python:

omega = lambda x: x(x)
omega(omega)(42)

The expression `omega(omega)` diverges, but only because we've applied it to an argument. The function `omega` itself is in an irreducible normal form, namely `lambda x: x(x)`.

On the other hand, consider the function call with argument `42`: in that case, the function is `omega(omega)`, which is not in a normal form, and in fact diverges. In a system like SK, and presumably this tree calculus, we can form a similar expression, where the "function part" (i.e. left sub-tree) diverges with no normal form. That's unavoidable, due to the halting problem.

I think the claim is that we never need to write such expressions, since there's always an alternative which behaves the same but whose "function part" has a normal form.

As a (slightly) more practical example, consider some code like:

adjust = (lambda x: x + 1) if increase else (lambda x: x - 1)

The function `adjust` is not in a normal form, since it depends on the value of `increase` (when truthy, `adjust` will increment; when falsy it'll decrement). Yet most programmers would probably avoid that, in favour of this:

adjust = lambda x: x + 1 if increase else x - 1

Both implementations of `adjust` will behave the same, but the second is in a normal form.
The GiGi could run BASIC locally for one thing, although we never got to do it with the one that was connected a PDP-11 at the high school in Peterborough, NH. Instead we used BASIC-PLUS where you could print escape codes to do gfx.
After taking a programming languages course I came away with the impression that Python is untyped. Type annotations are not required or enforced, and expression types are not evaluated prior to execution. So here’s another vote for the academics.
From the README:

> BareMetal OS is an exokernel-based operating system crafted entirely in x86-64 assembly and is designed to provide unparalleled levels of flexibility and efficiency.
The biggest danger is trying to recharge them after they have been stored for a long time. The anode and cathode might short-circuit and then a fire will likely start. If you want to check out an old gadget or battery make sure to watch it while charging and have a fire safe container or a plan to extinguish the fire at hand.
> If nothing else having to do more paperwork is very common.
British banks tend to not open accounts for people abroad because of the cost of KYC, and they even close accounts if you move abroad.

How are their so many non-dom retirees if that's the case? They have to have some sort of income.
> This definition of a "protection racket" is a bit loose. By similar logic landlords are also a "protection racket" for having a place to hive.

“As soon as the land of any country has all become private property, the landlords, like all other men, love to reap where they never sowed and demand a rent even for its natural produce.” - known Marxist-Leninist Adam Smith
Putting scare quotes around "concerns" is hilarious given all our major telecoms were recently pwned so hard by Chinese hackers that they still have access months after they were detected.