skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Quick summary:

It's a programming language whose programs (and whose values) are unlabeled trees.

An unlabeled tree is a tree-shaped data structure whose nodes hold no data. The children of a node are ordered, though. The "Tree Calculus" defines a set of rules by which you can "evaluate" an unlabeled tree to get another unlabeled tree. If you apply these rules repeatedly, either you'll get into an infinite loop, or you'll get a tree that the rules say doesn't change anymore. The rules are designed so that the rules don't effect binary trees, so if you evaluate a binary tree you'll get the same tree back out and the computation is "done". These rules are written as a small-step semantics (a standard way to write down evaluation rules in PL) in the "specifications" page.

They claim that:

- The evaluation rules for trees are Turing Complete, meaning that you can express any computation, e.g. any JS program, using the Tree Calculus. More precisely, the claim is that there's a straightforward way to convert any (say) JS Program into a tree, and any tree into a JS value, and now you can use tree evaluation to run a JS program by doing (i) convert the JS program into a tree, (ii) evaluate the tree to get another tree, and finally (iii) convert the tree into a JS value, which is the correct output of the JS program. To prove this you wouldn't actually use JS as the language, you'd use something simpler that we already know is Turing complete like the lambda calculus, but it's the same idea. Though glancing at the page they might have actually done this for JS.

- The evaluation is asymptotically optimal, meaning that for any programming language P (like JS), there's a conversion f(prog) from programs in P to Tree Calculus trees and constants a and b such that running_time(f(prog)) <= a+b*running_time(prog). That is, you can run programs in any language using the Tree Calculus with ~constant overhead. This is true for all the programming languages you love, e.g. you could write a JS program that takes a Java program, compiles it to bytecode, and run that bytecode, and unless you did this reasonably badly the running time won't be worse than a factor of 1,000,000.

- A whole bunch of other stuff too. It's all plausible at first glance (i.e., I don't think they're making any of it up), but not obviously consequential.

What's it good for:

Some PL people might think it's cool. Conceivably useful to simplify some theory of computation proofs.

If you find this sort of thing interesting, though, I'd recommend learning the lambda calculus instead. The lambda calculus is simpler, more well known, and more useful (it's a model of functions, instead of some made up rules about trees).
While most of these are great, none of them seem to have support for 4x NVMe drives which Hetzner has.
Hmm… maybe we could train /tune a model on symbolic logic similar to or even using CycL instead of python, and then when we have it “write code” it would be solving the problem we want it to think about, using symbolic logic?

You might be on to something here. The problem being there isn’t billions of tokens worth of CycL out there to train on, or is there?
average humans don't know what "column spaces" are or what "orthogonal" means
First you are wrong from the very start. Although the original source is usually the same many cases the radio-edit was not the same audio as the album version. It was usually much shorter. There is a reason it was called radio edit.

> So my idea is, why don't bands produce a dozen or so "radio edits" of their better songs? I bet they'd increase sales, especially to people like me.

In no particular order:

- because concert recordings already achieve this purpose.

- because time in the studio is costly, and you are not touring or composing while you are doing it.

- because every single person will have her favorite studio version, the same way they may have their favorite concert radio and most would not buy n versions of the same song and would dislike the slightly modified one. Some have already produced n version, uncensored and censored versions. Usually you like the one you heard first the most.

- Producing many different SKUs does not magically equal to making significantly more sales and can reduce revenues if stock of the less popular ones do not sell.
You should read it, It did not cite Ellul.
There are a couple of things here making it worth me checking it out again, thanks :)

But yes you're right, most of these are in the Terminal+Tmux combo already.
Sorcerer is an incredible film that very few know about for a handful of reasons as discussed in the article.

Beautiful cinematography, excellent soundtrack, suspenseful premise. You will never forget the bridge scene.

Highly highly recommend
There's a lot of flaws with Chenoweth & Steph's widely-lauded study; in many respects it tells a certain class of people what they want to hear.

https://roarmag.org/essays/chenoweth-stephan-nonviolence-myt...

Chenoweth's own subsequent research indicates the issue is far more nuanced, and that states have to some extended adapted to/exploited the strategic challenges posed by nonviolent resistance.

https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annur...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002234332210929... (paywalled, sorry)
Wow, that's amazing..
I think this is the first time I've felt sick to my stomach watching AI generated content.. A sadness rush over me. Because these look so good, like every soul-less super-high quality shovel-ware asset ever made.

I'm not putting it down, it truly is an amazing achievement, and it feels like it marks the end of hand-made assets. I don't even feel bad for the artists, I just feel bad for myself, because I want things made by people, for the inherent property that they were made by people. This is the same reason I don't care for procedurally generated games, I want to walk worlds that arose in the minds of others, not just worlds, if I wanted a procedually generated world that just exist for no reason in particular, I'd walk outside..

I don't want content, I don't just want stuff to sift through, I want pieces of art, made by my peers with their own visions, ideas, values, insights and personalities. They don't need to look that good, they just need to have been made with purpose.
Violence creates a lot of problems, but it does solve some issues. Morals is a totally different topic, and whether "political opponents" will resort to violence is yet another topic.

Heck, even the mere fact that the suspect was arrested was based on state-sanctioned "violence". If the police didn't have guns and weren't allowed to use force to arrest people, no amount of non-violent actions would convince a murder suspect to voluntarily present themselves and subject themselves to trial in court.

Violence is probably generally bad overall, but the original statement that "Violence never solved anything" is just plainly false and a lie. It's not a defensible position.

> A social contract regarding the times and places where it's acceptable to use violence is actually a really valuable thing.

Right, this statement itself shows violence does work in a particular context and situation. Far from "violence never solved anything".
You’re missing my point. I’m not saying that she as a consumer doesn’t have the right to those expectations. She is absolutely in the moral right. I’m saying that it was obvious those expectations wouldn’t be fulfilled and she pretended to still believe in them anyway
Haha, you are right, I just asked Copilot, and it replied this:

> This is a classic riddle! The surgeon is actually the boy's mother. The riddle plays on the assumption that a surgeon is typically male, but in this case, the surgeon is the boy's mother.

> Did you enjoy this riddle? Do you have any more you'd like to share or solve?
A small technical point:

Tastes are almost never normally distributed along a spectrum, but multi-modal. So the more dimensions you explore in, the more you end up with “islands of taste” on the surface of a hyper sphere and nothing like the normal distribution at all. This phenomenon is deeply tied to why “design by committee” (eg, in movies) always makes financial estimates happy but flops with audiences — there is almost no customer for average anything.

I agree with your conclusion.
Yes, but... First, it is what it is. Second, it's not that C++ people made bad decisions in the 80s but the decisions were great afterwards. Let's take C++ metaprogramming in general, which templates are part of. Let's take if constexpr (or static if) as an example, which C++ took straight from Dlang. It is useful for introspection which is almost indispensable for metaprogramming.

Walter Bright and Andrei Alexandrescu introduced static if in Dlang early and around 2012, they co-authored a static if proposal for C++ (https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n33...). Bjarne Stroustrup, in his infinite wisdom, co-authored a rebuttal that rejected it, only to realize long overdue that it's an incredibly useful feature and introduce it in C++17.
Interesting, I tried to convert Z combinator in SKI to this using the lambda calculus example then print out the tree. Untested:

z = (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t)) (t t))) (t (t (t t)) (t t))))) (t (t (t t (t (t (t t (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t)))) (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t)) (t t)))))) (t t))))) (t t (t (t (t (t (t t))))))))) (t (t (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t (t (t (t t (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t)))) (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t (t t))))) (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t (t (t (t t (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t)))) (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t (t t))))) (t (t (t t (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t))))) (t t (t (t (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t)) (t t))) (t (t (t t)) (t t))))) (t (t (t t (t (t (t t (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t)))) (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t)) (t t)))))) (t t))))) (t t (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t (t (t (t t (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t)))) (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t (t t))))) (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t (t (t (t t (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t)))) (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t (t t))))) (t (t (t t (t (t (t (t (t t)) (t t)))))) (t t)))))))) (t t)))))))

Original tested but unoptimized and also converted using tool:

var K = a => b => a;
var S = a => b => c => a(c)(b(c));
var Z = S(K(S(S(K(S(S(K)(K))(S(K)(K))))(S(K(S(K(S))(K)))(S(K(S(S(K)(K))))(K))))(K(S(S(K))))))(S(S(K(S(S(K(S(K(S))(K)))(S))(K(K))))(S(K(S(S(K(S(K(S))(K)))(S))(K(K))))(S(K(S))(K))))(K(S(S(K(S(S(K)(K))(S(K)(K))))(S(K(S(K(S))(K)))(S(K(S(S(K)(K))))(K))))(K(S(K(S(S(K(S(S(K(S(K(S))(K)))(S))(K(K))))(S(K(S(S(K(S(K(S))(K)))(S))(K(K))))(S(K(S(S(K)(K))))(K))))))(K))))));

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_combinator
This is a valid point. Banks should compete for customers by providing value. They should also be free to decline customers to ensure quality. However, debanking due to perceived or real regulatory risk is ultimately a political act. The banks may not be exclusively political actors, but they are incentivized to act outside of market concerns by state pressure.

Similarly, one of the alleged intentions of the cryptocurrency movement was to decouple the state from monetary control.
15 Times to use AI, and 5 Not to
PyPIM: Integrating Digital Processing-in-Memory from Microarchitectural Design
No, it's not akin to that. You can live without loans but you can't leave without a debit bank account.

As the parent points out there's indeed such a law in France but from personal experience I can tell that it doesn't prevent the bank from closing your account without an explanation (the explanation I was given off-record was my citizenship). The law merely forces the bank to open you an account which can later be closed. So definitely the right direction but IMO not far enough.
> TDD often doesn’t work for greenfield development because you have no idea how the software will be designed and structured until after you’ve done substantial implementation to prove out the viability of the software architecture and how implementation details interact.

I don't agree. TDD is only relevant regarding the interfaces used by units of behavior. Software architecture isn't something that you design or verify or even assess with unit tests. Software architecture is purely a design task, and redoing software architecture is a kin to rewriting the whole project.
Stickers and pins too

If you wanna know what sells for tech, go to the merch stands at an underground show =)

Both of them could do with more beanies
The whole point of AI stuff is not to produce exactly what you have in mind, but what you are describing. Same with text, code, images, video...
Location / remote / hybrid would be interesting to visualize.
Well I had to download it obviously, but I don't think it required internet access after that, except maybe you enable the weather forecast and other add-ons.
What about those eye brows though?
If the vast majority of the public actually agreed on something, they could non-violently change anything in days.

This might be more persuasive if you supplied some examples.
Novelty, it's not that hard to understand.
There are domesticated species that depend on human for their survival.

Think crops like maize, pets like dogs (some breeds more so than others), etc.
I can't speak to any of those videos in a technical sense but personally, I don't feel like any of them are good?

The vibe they give me is similar to the iPhone photography commercials where yes, in theory, a picnic in the park could look exactly like this except for all the parts that seem movie perfect.

I guess it's really more of a colour grading question where most of the Sora colour grading triggers that part of my brain that says "I'm watching a movie and this isn't real" without quite realising why.

A few of the Hunyuan videos in contrast seem a bit more believable even though they have some obvious glitches at times.

The other thing I think Sora has is that thing in commercials where no one else except the protagonist exists and nothing is ever inconvenient. The video of the teacher in a classroom with no students reminds me of that as well as the picnic in the park where there's wide open space with no one around.

I suppose it depends if the goal is to generate believable video and how you define believable.
The thing about Hollywood is that movies aren't made by a producer or director creating a description and an army of actors, tech and etc doing exactly that.

What happens is a description becomes a longer specification or script that's still good and hangs together in itself and then further iterations involving professionals who can't do "exactly what the director wants" but rather do something further that's good and close enough to what the director wants.
I'm not the person you originally replied to, but I tend to agree with them in the sense of the writings not having much to do with the bombings.

There can exist a corpus of ideas, and there can be actions people take due to their beliefs in those ideas, but if those actions don't particularly have much to do with the actual ideas, we can say one doesn't have much to do with the other. I'd give the New Testament as another example where the idea corpus and actions taken in its name tend to diverge.
can be both killer's and police's setup too
I'm making photography software: https://heliographe.net

Right now my work is Apple platforms only (revenue through App Store), but I'm actively looking into ways to expand to other platforms.

As a long time photographer, my philosophy is to make tools that are useful to me first and foremost, and to build smaller scope things that compose well (UNIX philosophy). I've got some exciting new things planned for 2025.

These are all side projects right now, as my official full time occupation is Japanese language school student (I moved to Japan at the end of 2023 year after almost 15 years in SF Bay Area tech companies/startups, becoming a full time student at 34 surrounded by 21 year olds from a very different background has been an interesting experience on its own).

Since the revenue has been increasing the last few months, I incorporated to keep things organized, but for now these projects are still "side projects". It'd be cool if I could justify financially to do this full time after I finish language school in 2026.
A debit bank account is a line of credit. It effectively is a loan.
Starlink in Iran and Venezuela
Valedictorian in high school, from a well-off family, studied computer science in college that too from a pretty good college, founded / involved-in a game dev club in college, had people around him refer to him as nice, also had familial relations to someone in a good post such as in his case in a state legislature.

He unfortunately sounds very similar to people like you and I here on Hacker News, rather than what we all had in mind about his possible persona.
My only experience with Intel graphics are with their integrated graphics, which they seem to believe should have a life of about six months before they stop updating drivers. It's made several tablets I had become ewaste due to no longer supported OSes being the only ones with drivers available for the Intel graphics. Makes me wary of how long Intel will support these full blown graphics cards.
The Pi 500 does definitely swing in the direction of the computer.

IMO the target demographic of the Pi 500 are people who want, first and foremost, a desktop PC, but one that is well suited to hobbyist computing and/or computing education.

Yeah, if you JUST want to run a word processor, browser, etc. one of those N100 PC's might make more sense. If you open up an issue of MagPi magazine and feel inspired, then the Pi 500 might make more sense. And that's what it really comes down to. Is computing, itself, a hobby or interest to you, or not?
Please Stop Using Barrel Files
Iran and Venezuela
Uh, the GOOPS interface is gone. No CLOS in the Shepherd. https://www.gnu.org/software/shepherd/manual/html_node/Legac...
Chrome, edge, opera, brave and many more. Just Safari doesn't support it, as always lagging behind. Firefox is out of the equation long ago.
The only parts that really need to be metal are the barrel and bolt to contain the burning of the powder, and springs. Although, you can get by with plastic barrel and bolt if your design is sufficiently strong, and you don't have to have non-manual reloading, obviating the need for springs. The silencer's important parts are simply pressure baffles that don't need to be metal (although it helps significantly).

In this case, the design was replicating that of a Glock 43 IIRC, which is already mostly plastic. Guns are modular of course, and so there's a part that's legally designated the firearm to avoid ship-of-Theseus problems. For the Glock that's the frame, which includes the handle. That part's made out of plastic (except for a metal plate that has the serial number and can be detected by metal detectors). Since the frame on the original gun is plastic, it's designed not to have much force put on it, so it's not a technically difficult 3d print either. In the US (federally; states may have further restrictions) it's not illegal to manufacture your own firearm as long as it's for your own use. All the other parts, like the barrel, trigger, etc (not the silencer though), are unregulated, so it's perfectly legal to 3d print your own or just buy them and have them shipped to your house. (There's also the concept of an "80% lower": at what point does a piece of metal become a gun? Generally it's held to be that before the gun's than 80% complete then it's just a piece of metal, so you can buy <80% complete guns with no regulation that include a jig and instructions for completing the last 20% work yourself to make a ghost gun at home. Selling any unregistered firearm is very legally fraught.) Silencers (aka suppressors) are heavily regulated and it's not legal for just anyone to make one, but if you're not concerned with longevity or legality you can make one out of plastic easily with a minimum of design work.

The Glock uses a tilting barrel system: the barrel and slide are joined by a set of lugs on the barrel that fit into recesses in the slide, and after the bullet is fired are pushed back together by the force of recoil. The slide slides on linear rails, but the barrel has a pivot, so eventually as the barrel and slide travel back together, the barrel will tilt out of the recesses in the slide and allow the slide to continue backwards, opening space between the barrel and slide for the previous round to be extracted and a new round to be loaded automatically. You can imagine that hanging a big heavy tube off the barrel in the form of a silencer can be detrimental to the working of this system. In fact, you're supposed to use a recoil booster to increase recoil while using a silencer on tilting-barrel pistols to ensure more reliable operation. It's unlikely that malfunctions were because any parts were 3d printed in this case.
Making Chinese EV cars more expensive seems less efficient as people will have to spend more money for the same commodity.
"The rate of dangerous incidents is unacceptable, and above industry averages"

Amazon took their rooftop solar offline temporarily to inspect and safety work after a string of fires in in 2020. They replaced some of the more shoddy installations, but Amazon warehouse rooftop solar is back online for years since.
I think the key point that makes the quoted statement sciencey gibberish is that the Many Worlds Interpretation is just that - an interpretation. There is no way to prove or disprove it (except if you proved that the world is not actually quantum mechanical, in which case MWI might not be a valid interpretation of the new theory). Saying "this is more evidence for MWI" is thus true of any quantum mechanical experiment, but anything that is evidence for MWI is also exactly as much evidence for Pilot Waves (well, assuming it is possible to reconcile with quantum field theory), the Copenhagen Interpretation, QBism, and so on.

As a side note, there is still a huge gap between the largest system we've ever observed in a superposition and the smallest system we've ever observed to behave only classically. So there is still a lot of room for objective collapse theories, even though that space has shrunk by some orders of magnitude since it was first proposed. Of course, objective collapse has other, much bigger, problems, such as being incompatible with Bell's inequalities.

Edit: I'd also note some things about MWI. First, there are many versions of it, some historical, some current. Some versions, at least older ones, absolutely did involve explicit branching. And the ones that don't have a big problem still with explaining why, out of the many ways to choose the basis vectors for a measurement, we always end up with the same classical measurables in every experiment we perform on the world at large. Especially given that we know we can measure quantum systems in another other basis if we want to. It also ultimately doesn't answer the question of why we need the Born rule at all, it still postulates that an observer only has access to one possible value of the wave function and not to all at once. And of course, the problem of defining probabilities in a world where everything happens with probability 1 is another philosophically thorny issue, especially when you need the probabilities to match the amplitude of the wave function.

So the MWI is nice, and it did spawn a very useful and measurable observation, decoherence. But it's far from a single, satisfying, complete, self-consistent account of the world.
Most Profitable Industries in the US in 2024
And how successful the RPi 400 was? not saying it wasn’t but I doubt it was (after all it’s mainly a device for enthusiasts/toy) compared to their other products.

> Maybe

Maybe, maybe not. Certainly not saying they don’t but do you think that’s true about every single company by default?
Conflicts of interest didn't seem to bother the President elect.
> Here’s a rule of thumb I follow. If I comment out a line of code in your module (assuming it still compiles and runs), and ALL your tests still pass, something’s wrong.

So they rigorously test all those logging calls?