skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The design of some software, even in substantial detail, is not sufficient to design tests of an implementation. Good tests can be completely dependent on the implementation details far below the level of design because those implementation details determine how the thing you are testing can even be measured. How it is measured isn’t actually important. You can get closer with extreme (over-)specification of the implementation, which almost no one does because it comes with an inordinate cost, but even that can fail because software properties are also a function of the hardware it runs on. To some extent, modeling the interaction of software on hardware for the purposes of building good tests is by actually measuring running code on real hardware.

Hardcoding specific implementation detail assumptions into the design of complex non-trivial systems so that you can write a test is a brittle way to go about writing software. There is a reason that waterfall-style never seems to produce good systems in a reasonable amount of time or money.

I write non-trivial greenfield systems and put inordinate amounts of design work into them (literally years in some cases). I have never found a case where that allowed me to write useful tests prior to implementation. At a minimum you need a complete architectural skeleton that runs and has had its non-functional properties verified analytically before you can write tests that you’ll likely use.

I’m not against writing tests. I invest far more in testing than most devs due to atypically high reliability and robustness requirements. I’m against the complete waste of time that would be writing tests before there is sufficient implementation to design maximally efficient and appropriate tests. Testing of some software is extremely expensive in both time and money, so optimizing test effectiveness and efficiency becomes valuable.
It's a stripped down model of computation like the SKI calculus [0] or its cousin the lambda calculus, which are formal systems with precise rules for mechanically evaluating or reducing expressions.

It differs from the SKI calculus in that it can reflect on its own program structure, especially in ways the SKI calculus cannot - deciding if two programs are equal, for instance [1]. Further, unlike the lambda calculus, reducing a program with the reduction rules given [2] eventually converges upon a stable "normal form" of the program, which is expressed in irreducible terms, instead of leading to possibly infinite chains of reduction [3]. This allows for reflection without needing to "quote" or serialize the program into a stable data structure or other representation to sidestep the possibility of infinite reduction. This is similar to the notion of homoiconicity as in Lisp.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKI_combinator_calculus

[1] https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/tree-calculus/blob/mas...

[2] https://treecalcul.us/specification/

[3] https://sci-hub.se/https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1016/j.tcs....
> debanking happens, or has happened, to _almost_ everybody who has some assets and cash

I don't think this is true. I know many people with assets and as far as I know, none of them has been debanked. Surely I would know someone who has been debanked if almost everybody with assets has been.
> The only thing that should be said about TDD is that it's incredibly polarizing, one of the most polarizing things in software development in fact.

I'm afraid that's not a TDD problem, but a problem created by nitpickers who love petty gatekeeping.
No, they are completely orthogonal.

LLM are likelyhood completers, and classifiers. OpenCYC brings some logic and rationale into the classifiers. Without rationale LLM will continue hallucinating, spitting out nonsense.
and it's not Cisco?
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They have body cams don't they? If they just shoot a suspect and the body cam suggests no threat to the officer's life, they're in trouble.
It's not a solution to anything, it's simply just money. If they don't release a for-profit video generator, someone else will
>Japan is one of the richest nations in the world, they can (and do) run their own payments systems.

Indeed. JCB and certain western credit cards contracted with them for access into Japan (namely AMEX and Discover) have no problems (and why should they) with what Visa/MC want to censor.

>Also, it's risible to call that stuff Japan's "very culture". It's not. Otaku culture is fringe there, too. Japan is not anime.

Tentacle hentai goes back at least as far as Katsushika Hokusai[1], so you are mistaken. Otaku culture is very much a part of Japanese culture and inseparable.

>Also, there are plenty of legal things that are (rightly) publicly shamed and ostracized.

When legal tender cannot be used for legal transactions, there is a problem.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dream_of_the_Fisherman%27s...
any books for beginners that you recommend?
> The accounts you are thinking about are all, under the hood, lines of credit, even though they don't look like that.

You present this statement as though it's an immutable law of nature, rather than a design feature of the US banking system that allows them to offer an excuse for closing accounts that's convenient for those banks. (The fact that someone on HN can read about it and feel smart because they think they understood the deep reality that lesser people don't get is also a convenient design feature).
no - poor design, lack of organization to fix them were issues.

But a key issue seems to be that EA went crazy and made their chargers out of lots of different components in a panic to get started, analogous to the PC world where there are huge numbers of different parts configurations, and even if you have only 6 major charger models, your fix it tech probably doesn't have parts of all 6. It seems obvious this was a bad strategy, but they wanted to get their chargers working as fast as possible. Instead they created a permanent bad quality reputation that may never be fixed for EA.

But it's not just EA, other companies seemed to have no plan for fixing their chargers when they break.
Curious if you have better pointers to understand the fundamentals of the field?
Everything falls into place if you think of the arguments as aimed at reducing resistance to the abolition of copyright rather than actually helping musicians.
An adequate prompter (human at the prompt) knows when to stop.
Honeywell 316 Kitchen Computer (5 points, 3 years ago, 4 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30421628

When Americans dreamed of kitchen computers (2021) (50 points, 3 years ago, 60 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31108439

The oldest problem in computing - Recipes - How do you solve it? (6 points, 16 years ago, 10 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=544666
> Jury nullification wouldn't have mattered

Why is that? Was it just the sentencing phase?
It's sometimes asked about whether you'd follow the evidence - people aren't excluded (at least by the judge) for just knowing what the concept is.

As for "lying" here, it's an interesting metaphysical question. Because you're not lying (or telling the truth) about some observable event, it's simply your own state of mind. If somebody asks "Why did you vote not guilty", you simply say "I didn't believe the evidence was convincing". There is literally no way for anyone else to say otherwise.
tesla has a factory that makes their chargers and equipment. They have standardized chargers, mass production can lead to refining the design, fixing common pain points. Most other companies seem to have taken the pc organ bank strategy where they made it out of almost careless combination of available parts - EA is the poster child.

I'm sure careful people tried to make a plan but they all ended up being such a dumpster fire of failures and low quality with no visible plan to fix them it's hard to understand.
Why would substack scrub it? I thought they were anti censorship.
I recommend the book "Spillover" about zoonotic diseases. Given it was written pre-covid, it was insanely prescient - it expressed, for example, huge concern about bat viruses and RNA viruses.

Aanyway, it writes a lot about how these diseases are investigated, at the frontline in remote African villages. It gives a great idea of just how hard they are to investigate.

By the time researchers get news of an outbreak and arrive, the outbreak might well be over, the patients recovered or, well, dead. No one remembers what they were doing 4-6 weeks prior, when they would have contracted the virus. The village may also also be a site, still, of a medical disaster, with inadequate medical facilities, and you don't know how the germs spread - via air, water, contact, contaminated food? It's like investigating a crime while it is still being committed.

I'm not sure what my point is, other than, kudos to the people who do it. Also, this painstaking work gets to an answer eventually, but it necessarily takes a long time, and probably goes down few dead ends too.
I think his ideas come across more clearly and coherently in his later work than in his manifesto, but that's often the case.

I don't regard him as a philosopher but rather an agitator, not unlike Thomas Paine or (insert your preferred historical figure here). This largely because his writing is not in a spirit of inquiry over where technology might go, rather it is conclusory - industrialism is path-dependent and net negative, with the only open questions being how to undermine it effectively.
If Fox News moves to the center, will its audience move along with it? Or will they just migrate to competing outlets such as Newsmax?
You're not participating in a good faith discussion. Yes, it is technically a line of credit but it's not the reason why you're being refused service. Overdraft risks for a personal account are small and can easily be accounted-for in the service fee or via insurance (which is the same in the end).

The reason for account closure is the fear of anti-AML laws and sanctions that have nothing to do with loans. Banks in fact love offering small loans and it's not uncommon to have your account closed while having a pre-approved loan at the same time — these are different bank divisions in action.

And in any case, turning personal debit accounts into credit accounts is not something that was asked for. I lived long enough to have used Visa Electron and Maestro cards that made most of overdraft scenarios impossible. It was the banking industry decision to get rid of them.
The compilers were fine, even if not producing maximally optimized code. Intel’s decision to add x86 compatibility circuitry to the die was probably the fatal one, it slowed everything down; made for terrible comparisons with existing x86 performance and generally signalled a lack of confidence. Something like Rosetta was out of the question, but they could have just had better transitioning tools for those code bases that couldn’t be recompiled easily.
And why would the "average human" count?!

"Support, the calculator gave a bad result for 345987*14569" // "Yes, well, also your average human would"

...That why we do not ask "average humans"!
It's awesome that you are sharing your writing, but it should probably be a regular submission because "Show HN" is for things people can play with or try out.
Bangladesh's leap from poverty to textile powerhouse offers lessons for Africa
People can't just say or do any old random thing and get as much support as this gets. It does have to strike an actual nerve.

And even if a major tech CEOs like Zuckerberg or Bezos got shot, while there would be plenty people joking about that, too, it wouldn't be anywhere remotely like this, I'm 100% sure of it. There's something about denying care for profit to people screaming in agony that pushes a whole other set of buttons.
Tesla was using CATL batteries in part. Tesla uses different batteries in diff cars, also some come from China, some other places.

Tesla said they'd have amazing new 4680 batteries but that didn't really succeed, a reason why the ct has lower range than planned is the new higher density batteries didn't arrive.

Tesla has one advantage left, they can make their cars at mass quantities and make a profit. Most of the western auto companies can't do that, unless they charge very high prices.
> does TDD force you to comply with a target coverage metric?

Of course it does. You only write production code to make tests pass. Hence 100% coverage.

When would any not-covered code be written in TDD?
Although it might turn out to be a waste of everyone's time, it is quite sincere (not a hoax).
This is the Git repo https://github.com/oleitersdorf/PyPIM
I also have a Pixel 8, stock Android 15 and the app is unavailable for me as well
The entire article is about why that isn't true in the cases he's talking about.
As long as we agree that it's a basic feature of the US financial system I don't think there's much for us to argue about.
Respectfully, none of what you’re describing is real life. Police don’t go around fingerprinting random pieces of plastic.

You can just deface it in any way and throw it out the window on a highway or into any trash can and it will quite literally never be found.
Even his tweets are often indecipherable...
It's a sign of the times here when people decry computer science constructs they can't understand as hoaxes.
> While bids for the Sicilian properties started at 1 euro, Tabbone placed a bid of 5,555 euros for her building. With taxes and fees, she spent 5,900 euros (roughly $6,200) to take ownership of the property.

> After seeing the space, she also bought the vacant home next door through a private sale with the owner for 22,000 euros (just over $23,000).

So nowhere close to the $1 claimed in the title. It's a decent writeup either way, but why is every bit of online media nowadays obligated to be clickbait?
Disagree, in fact TDD forces you to face your API ergonomics very soon.

If anything it helps.
I wonder if anyone has made a compiler that goes from TypeScript sources to binaries directly, taking advantage of types to create something much faster than Node could?

Also, would it be possible to keep types in JS bytecode so that an JIT can take advantage of that (similar to JVM bytecode)?
Any ideas on what the font is in the 3rd image? I like it.

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LiteVAE: Lightweight and Efficient VAE for Latent Diffusion Models [video]
What, tcc -run?
In which Pierre Schaeffer admits that Musique Concrete is not music, and that he has never been a real musician. Ouch… I wonder if he knows there are internet music genres that have not only kept the ideas of Musique Concrete alive, but made them culturally relevant and musically valuable in a way that he and other 20th century “serious” musical thinkers never managed to. Some of the more obscure vaporwave subgenres are basically turntable pieces.
So Hetzer is not recommended for business. They cancelled themselves out of professional services.
What type of audiance is reading Hacker News?
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I'm not sure how to interpret your comment. Do you think kids should be exposed to proper computers or do you think it doesn't matter and can always be picked up later.
do you have examples i can refer to? i’d love to learn to write better docs
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Zugzwang: When any legal move is bad (Chess)
Neat setup. I would point out that this shows some of the problems with the way bazel is managed as a project. You had to fix your build for bazel 8, which isn't great. But the bigger issue is you were forced to adopt rules_cc, which because of their weird adherence to "semantic versioning" means you are now subject to unannounced breaking changes, because rules_cc hasn't hit 1.0.

Rules_pkg went through the same problem: it was built in to bazel, then they moved it out into rules_pkg 0.0.1, then the maintainer of rules_pkg felt free to break everything multiple times, mostly for unjustifiable aesthetic reasons.
Because it was the only widely used generic text format for structured data.
Is there any study that shows any significant evidence of less bugs in python when using types?
It looks very nice in the examples, but I tested it by dropping a Chrono Trigger character art in, and it generated some 2D planes instead of a 3D mesh..so ugh.. what?
> Letting the adversary know that you know can be a useful move.

Taking into account the latest wave of hardcoded passwords in Cisco, Fortinet and Palo Alto, i don't think that was the intention.
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Re: Why does link-time optimization (LTO) happen at link-time?

I think maybe LLVM's ThinLTO is what you're looking for where whole-program optimization (more or less) happens in middle end.
What exactly isn't true? That compliance is the reason why accounts get closed?

As far as I understood the article this is the main reason he gives. Loans or other objective reasons that can make the interaction with the client unprofitable are only drawn as (bad) analogies and not as the actual explanation.
You don't keep track of it as extra state - positions are already processed in increasing order of shortest mate, you stop once you hit 50.
> Police don’t go around fingerprinting random pieces of plastic

No. But you don't know how far behind they are when you dispose of it. It only becomes random plastic after they've lost your trail.

> can just deface it in any way and throw it out the window on a highway or into any trash can

Sure. Or you can keep it until it can be safely disposed of. Which carries fewer risks? We don't even have to hypothesise, we know for a fact that the IDs on his person didn't cause him to get caught. We also know him not having the IDs on him wouldn't have caused him to be less caught.
There's a youtube channel analysing exactly that: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8rMNMURShM&pp=ygUiZmlsIHdpb...
Surely if the cause is important to them they should sign with their legal name.

If I signed an ink-and-paper petition as CuddleBunny227 it would be rightly disregarded and stricken even if I insisted that was my username on Reddit. Does that change if it's "on the Internet"?
It depends on the accepted downtime.
Tesla lobbied UK to strengthen rules on carbon emissions from cars and lorries
Are they? Paid leave for a few years while it’s investigated, then back to work.
Just an interesting observation: There are a lot of netlabels that host their releases on IA. Some go back all the way to the early 2000s:

https://archive.org/details/netlabels

https://archive.org/details/monotonik?sort=-downloads
Maneki-neko: The fascinating history behind the popular waving lucky cat
Lambda abstraction (which is used by this “tree calculus”) is a form of quotation.

Nit picky point: quote/eval is an integral part of Lisp, not a later addon.
Most non-trivial systems software has minimal unit testing. It doesn’t measure anything important in those systems. Integration tests are everything because the main functional properties being designed are the dynamic behavior of interactions between components and the hardware.

In performance-engineered systems, a component’s behavior in isolation is not its behavior in the system, and that behavior determines correctness. Basically the same fallacy as most micro-benchmarking. Resource availability and locality vary dynamically, and the software design has to account for this, which is extremely non-trivial to do without code you can measure in the system context.

And yes, modifying software architectures to address design issues that show up in implementation details or to slice some non-obvious tradeoffs differently is expensive, but is almost always required to some extent. That’s a cost of business if you are doing non-trivial greenfield software, it comes with the territory.
Some people just don't respond, period
What a fool is firing a missile worth millions of dollars to destroy a building with no soldiers at all?
I think you're confusing an argument about violence's effectiveness with one about its morality.
They're technically still hold the #1 ballot but now they need other parties to form a coalition, just like in other European countries (Germany, The Nederlands). Which is not that bad, because this party was founded by those trained by Gorbachev's KGB to replace Romania's communist leadership and took the clothes of social democracy. How they came to turn against Russia is not entirely clear. Maybe they tried a balancing act between NATO/EU and Russia as Moldova did in the past, but some factions saw the writing on the wall.
> Like all software you run it and see if it works.

"Oh my god, where are my files gone ?"