skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
What are some real-world practical applications of array programming? Because as far as I know, APL did not catch on, and its subsequent versions like J and K and BNQ also did not become useful in industry. Maybe there's something I'm missing. Why would you want to do array programming in Python? What are the advantages over regular Python programming?
The US does it, too, but it's often separate sheets of printed paper and a few standard-issue laminated posters. Plus a few briefer notices posted to the doors, especially at larger businesses.

It's possible EU states have gotten worse ("worse"—I mean, it's basically harmless, which is why it just fades into the background and it's easy to not even notice it, aside from that the whole thing's a little bit of wasted work) about this since his writing and since I've been there, as the latest of his posts I read were probably from travel in the late '00s, and I haven't been to any part of Europe myself since not long after that.
> sum::{+/x}

> count::{#x}

These two expressions are not valid in R or Python. They are implicitly declaring a function without declaring the arguments, it is implicitly iterating over the array and returning the result (all features of array languages to make it more concise).

Python’s + and / are a function of two objects (dyadic) and are syntactic sugar (they can’t be treated as function values, thats what the operator module is for): https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__...

The array languages optimize for concise code so a lot of things are done implicitly that are done explicitly in Python.

The python equivalent:

> _sum = lambda x : functools.reduce(operator.add, x)

> _count = lambda x: functools.reduce(lambda acc, _: acc + 1, x, 0)

Of course in python and R there are built ins for these already (sum(x) and len(x)) but this is just to show what array languages are doing for you.
that's too bad because I've been getting a lot of bot registrations on my site
Pietra Pulse
Show HN: I created a platform to automate SEO for Indie Hackers
Klong is a different language than Python. Python using numpy would look broadly similar for the first few examples, yes. However, this is a way of executing a different language on numpy arrays. Array languages are a different paradigm. Klong is an array language, while Python + numpy allows some array paradigms, but isn't an array language.

Notice how they're _defining_ the "sum" operation there. Instead of being something builtin, they defined "sum" as {+/x}.

{+/x} is the interesting part. That's Klong. It's not being able to define a "sum" operation, it's that "sum" can be expressed as {+/x}. That's very different than both R and python.
Israel's New Approach to Tunnels: A Paradigm Shift in Underground Warfare
My reference to kickstarter was a metaphor, so I’m using kickstarter to describe a similar situation that occurred when people bought a capability that didn’t exist in the hopes that it would.
Location: Colorado, US

Remote: Yes

Willing to relocate: To EU only

Technologies: Kubernetes, Ansible, Prometheus, Grafana, Kafka, Redis, Expect, Bash, Python

Résumé/CV: https://www.linkedin.com/in/carleton-sawyer/

Email: carletonsawyer@gmail.com

I am a DevOps Engineer with 10+ years experience working in telecommunications. I focus on network optimization and minimizing downtime to keep things running as smoothly as possible. I'm great in fast paced and ever changing environments, and always eager to learn new technologies and practices. I currently have a Comp TIA Network+ certificate.

Currently, I am only interested in Global Remote jobs or companies located in the EU that are willing to sponsor visas.
Swords, Lances, Spears, and Unique Chainmail: Iron Age Weapon Sacrifice
Kurzgesagt teached me that at some point between Big Bang and now, the universe had an average temperature equalling comfortable room temperature. Having realized that, it feels likely life could have formed basically anywhere.
You forget that there is value in having moneyed consumers. You can sell them more things that cost more money than you could poor consumers. Arguably when you empower a doctors and lawyers class driving bmws and buying flights to aspen, they are spending proportionally more of their money in the economy than the billionaire class ahead of them that would have sat on this money if they extracted it by now and dumped it into gold bonds and land or something stupid like that instead of something that generates actual economic activity. And if you had them so poor they could barely afford food then there would be no BMW and no Aspen.
Cool, we only produced 37 000 000 000 tonnes of co2 in the last 100 years
And by making all of those changes you'll lower carbon emissions by about 10%.

OTOH, switching to zero-carbon electricity and zero-carbon transportation would lower carbon emissions by 60%.
I suspect that D.J. Bernstein's preferred apples are of the silicon variety, but I could be mistaken. He is from New York, one of the early states where Honeycrisps were grown, but Long Island, which doesn't have much agriculture.

Maybe he'll see this and can chime in.
Can you set breakpoints within templates using PyCharm?
>What you said are also anecdotes which also prove nothing.

No, it was an actual paper (unfortunately I can't find it now).

>The hedonistic treadmill does not exist.

I never referred to that in my original answer, although it is related it seems straw man like in this context.
Well, seeing as GPU is important across all client segments, in workstation and datacenter, in console where AMD has been dominant, and in emerging markets like automotive self-driving, not having one means exiting the industry in a different way.

I brought up Intel's insane chiplet [non-]strategy elsewhere in the thread as an example where it's clear to me that Intel screwed up. AMD made one chiplet and binned it across their entire product spectrum. Intel made dozens of chiplets, sometimes mirror images of otherwise identical chiplets, which provides none of the yield and binning benefits of AMD's strategy. Having a GPU in house is a no-brainer, whatever the cost. Many other decisions going on at Intel were not. I don't know of another chip manufacturer that makes as many unique dies as Intel, or has as many SKUs. A dGPU is only two or three of those and opens up worlds of possibility across the product line.
It is truly sad, my friend, that you have to deal with misguided people who believe their religiosity is enough to countermand the Greatest Command(ment): "To love God with all your being, and then to love your neighbor as yourself."

Your family's views are unequivocally wrong. Acting upon homosexual desires, like all other choices we make, is a personal choice; so long as no one is being forced to do anything, and the object of one's desire is sexually mature (each society must define that, itself, but let them be adults, respect their choices, and help them understand the situation), there is no sin there that I know of, except for, perhaps, a bit of greedy waste of sexual energy, but that is ubiquitous, AFAICT.

No, what makes a person deserving of hell is to disregard the happiness of others, or to even cruelly create unhappiness via oppression. We are to love one another, not judge them for their personal choices. Besides, it looks to me like many, or perhaps most, gay folks were born that way, in the same way we understand the biology of trans folks' brains likely differ in ways that are counter to "normal" sexually dimorphic structures (Dr. Robert Sapolsky details this in his freely available Human Behavioral Biology class from Stanford). Regardless, one's sexuality (and gender identification) is one's own business, so long as what we do is consensual with other adult participants.

No one is truly practicing religion if universal compassion is not the teaching or the goal. Of course, liars and hypocrites and the willfully ignorant say otherwise, but what they say doesn't count for sh_t. You can identify them because, beyond their ebullient, self-satisfied faces of perceived self-superiority, they are deeply unhappy and very likely to have no power over their own demons. Such is the fate of the cruel hypocrites. When we sow unhappiness, that is what we reap.

I disagree with your last paragraph, though. There is only one kind of compassion: gentle, kind, and respectful (at least to some extent), and it is not any one religion's purview to determine it. It is a human potential, and a human requirement, required for our personal and societal evolution towards peace and happiness, each and every one of us. Anyone who tells you "their" compassion is special or solely of one path or another is just another over-confident fool who has been deceived into believing their false sense of self-superiority. That way is the way of the oppressors, the tyrants, and their followers who cause so much mischief and misery in this world.

But, no, there is no compulsion in religion, so it should never be baked into any govt, but we can and should bake fairness in regulations regarding taxes, income reporting, and even minimum and maximum wages, so that the whole of society is, if not benefitting, at least not harmed by their commerce. No company can operate without either the consent of the state or this world's entire cultural and technological apparatus. We can at least ensure that their profit is not wholly destructive.
Working for Robots
I'm new too, so take my opinion with a grain of salt, but I think you're right with one minor correction:

name::{body} :" function declaration

This isn't necessarily niladic or monadic or dyadic on it's own, it depends on the body. The bodies from the example all just happened to be monadic.

+/x :" monadic : sum over argument x
#x :" monadic : count of the argument x
+ :" dyadic : sum
!10 :" niladic : an array from 0 to 9

I had to look up how calling a dyadic function looks in Klong:

add::{+}
add(2;3)
Location: San Antonio

Remote: Yes

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Technologies:
Rails https://www.vudmaska.com/#mblz

Astro https://voodoo.github.io/ https://voodoo.github.io/

Framer https://www.vudmaska.com/ https://www.vudmaska.com/

Résumé/CV: https://voodoo.github.io/Resume.pdf

Email: Paul.vudmaska@gmail.com

Github: [https://github.com/voodoo](https://github.com/voodoo)

- I'm an experienced (10+) full stack Ruby on Rails developer

- I've deployed to Digital Ocean(static/backup) and Linode (the Rails app)

- I'm familiar with the Github ecosystem

- I've deployed Astro sites using Netlify and Github pages

- I have working knowledge of many AI apps: Midjourney, Cursor, Windsurf
I think it would be possible and practical to use refinement types to statically prevent all divisions by 0. I think you could also do this to detect and prevent integer overflow.
plus, it's gotta be a killer word score in Scrabble
Yes and this is a great example of how open A-Frame is compared to OP example. You can inspect every part of the experience from the code to the actual runtime inspector to see how Akbartus achieved the effect -- and then help to make it even better! :)

I do think there is the possibility to use something like this eventually to do all the processing in the browser for Depth Anywhere + Splat reconstruction to fill in the holes of the current point cloud approach: https://github.com/ArthurBrussee/brush
In the looking ahead section of the post it says:

“We are hard at work improving the size and fidelity of our generated worlds”

I imagine the further you move from the input image, the more the model has to make up information and the harder to keep it consistent. Similar problem with video generation.
Show HN: I made a book about Rails default testing stack
Hi all,

I just epublished my new book on testing Rails applications using Minitest and fixtures called Test Driving Rails[0].

= Why, but why

Rails default testing stack is probably the least used of the framework's default features, yet I fail to understand why. It's remarkably simple, elegant, and fast. And I want more people to discover it.

Originally the idea for the book was more about somebody else writing it. Time passed and nobody did. There is only one related Minitest book I know of and it’s from 2016. So I wanted to do something about it.

= Writing

The writing started with my summer move to Bangkok. You can say I write more abroad than at home and it’s true. I like to pair writing with good life experiences and have a good time. Writing is already difficult, so you need to make it easier. I would hate myself for hiding in the dark closet and write by force.

The original plan was to finish the book during this time, but of course I didn’t. The good news was that it gave me more time to make it better and get a feedback by Steven R. Baker and other readers, so the book is much better for it!

= Foreword

Steven R. Baker wrote a foreword to Test Driving Rails. Steven is a testing legend, author of minitest/mock and RSpec. The whole thing happened by accident on X when Steven got interested in my book. To my surprise Steven defaults to Minitest as well. If you want to know something about RSpec beginnings, you should go read his post History of RSpec[1]. Thanks Steven!

= Preview

You can read a small preview I cut out of the beginning of the book[2]

= SHOW HN

I am giving out 20% launch discount with code "launch"

[0] https://testdrivingrails.com/
[1] https://stevenrbaker.com/tech/history-of-rspec.html
[2] https://testdrivingrails.com/preview.pdf
[3] https://strzibny.gumroad.com/l/testdrivingrails/launch
Archie | Remote (US + EU) | Full-Time | Equity | Roles: [Lead Product Engineer (Ruby on Rails), Senior Full-Stack Developer (Ruby on Rails), Technical Product Manager]

Hi, my name is Marius and I am the CTO at Archie (https://www.archiehub.com/).

Archie is here to make buying a home easier, faster, and more transparent by reducing paperwork and improving efficiency. We are well-funded, growing quickly, and led by founders with over 20 years of combined experience in real estate and tech.

We are now looking to hire Lead Product Engineers, Senior Full-Stack Developers and Technical Product Managers with at least 8 years of experience. If you're excited about building meaningful products in the real estate space from the ground up using AI, these roles are for you.

Backend Stack: Ruby / Rails (8.x), StimulusJS / Hotwire / Turbo, AlpineJS, Postgres, Docker, DigitalOcean, OpenAPI, LLMs

Perks: Fully remote roles in (Eastern) US and (Western) Europe, work when and where you are most productive, sizeable equity in a rapidly growing company, flat hierarchies, no-ego work environment

Apply here: marius[at]archiehub.com and mention “HN - Who is hiring?” and the role you are applying for in the subject.
Or my personal favorite, people who upload videos to youtube with the disclaimer "I don't own this video". I have no idea how that meme took hold, or how those people don't realize that it makes it worse for you if you admit to knowingly infringing copyright.
> Actually, I have a negative example for FOSS for you. I have a laptop with an Nvidia GPU on it from 2012. I cannot use it under Linux since Linux world is terrible at API / ABI stability. So Nvidia driver has stopped working.

Your example of FOSS not working... is the proprietary nvidia driver breaking? Even though it would almost certainly work if your card were supported by the open source drivers?
Vendoring.
Seems like an effort to stick video en/decoding behind graphics drivers as a vendor neutral approach instead of relying on VDPAU or VA-API. These efforts should equally apply to Windows and Android as well as Linux.
If AMD can come back from the brink of bankruptcy, then Intel can too. I believe.

[Edit]: Though it might have to be that Intel literally has to come to the brink of bankruptcy in order for that comeback to happen.
> There's already a panoply of CUDA alternatives

Is there?

10 years ago, I burned about 6 months of project time slogging through AMD / OpenCL bugs before realizing that I was being an absolute idiot and that the green tax was far cheaper than the time I was wasting. If you asked AMD, they would tell you that OpenCL was ready for new applications and support was right around the corner for old applications. This was incorrect on both counts. Disastrously so, if you trusted them. I learned not to trust them. Over the years, they kept making the same false promises and failing to deliver, year after year, generation after generation of grad students and HPC experts, filling the industry with once-burned-twice-shy received wisdom.

When NVDA pumped and AMD didn't, presumably AMD could no longer deny the inadequacy of their offerings and launched an effort to fix their shit. Eventually I am sure it will bear fruit. But is their shit actually fixed? Keeping in mind that they have proven time and time and time and time again that they cannot be trusted to answer this question themselves?

80% margins won't last forever, but the trust deficit that needs to be crossed first shouldn't be understated.
Yeah, if they used Z instead of X, the Brits would have said Zedenomorph and that's just not right in any language
> For example, erythrocytes (RBCs) don't have nucleus and mitochondria.

They are less of an outlier when you find out that they start out with a nucleus but pinch it off and let white blood cells eat it when they near maturity.

https://wi.mit.edu/news/how-red-blood-cells-nuke-their-nucle...

They also shed their mitochondria at about the same time. Both make more room for hemoglobin, optimizing them for oxygen transport.
This is a good point (the "could work if comm tech is good enough"). We can't forget that some management is things like "how do I reset my password", "how much vacation do I have left", which is all totally automatable IF YOU BOTHER TO FO IT. Most places do not, in my experience, even if they could.

If companies "flatten" and do not automate as much as possible, they will just overlap the managers remaining with trivial interruptions.
I think if you're CEO of Intel, some foresight might be in order. Or else the ability to find a solution fast when things turn impredictibly sour. What did he get a $16mil salary for?
what would be the business model?
Software Freedom Conservancy release router expressly for open-source firmware
Does any of us have any belief that anyone at Microsoft is cognizant enough to add a "feature" like this that won't eventually be used to brute force passwords and/or can be used as a denial of service vector? I can't imagine Microsoft thinking this through properly.
> The xenomorph’s multicellular structure serves as a cornerstone for its classification within Animalia (Ros-Rocher et al., 2021). Its intricate organization of cells, tissues, and organs reflects a level of biological complexity commonly associated with animals. Xenomorphs can be included into the Arthropoda phylum due to the morphological similarities shared with certain terrestrial arthropods such as an exoskeletal structure, a segmented body plan, the presence of hemolymph, etc.

I don't understand the logic of this argument. If Xenomorph has evolved on a different planet, it will surely not have the same common ancestor as Animalia, let alone Arthropoda. Why would anyone classify it under those taxons?

P.S.: Ah, I see this has already been commented on: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42297139
Is there a discord every year? Interested in joining that if you don’t mind sharing
Location: New York, USA
Remote: Remote/Hybrid/Office
Willing to relocate: Yes
Technologies
Programming: Python, C, Go, Java, JavaScript, SQL
Frameworks: Django, Flask, React,
Databases: PostgreSQL, MySQL, Redis, SQLite
Misc: Docker, GDB, AWS

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Email: arjun.hm.misc@gmail.com

Backend developer with 4 years of experience mainly focusing on Python/Django. Currently exploring systems/database internals.

Looking for full-time SDE roles and also looking to break into database development.
This year I will run my AoC solutions on my toaster and write them in ALGOL 58 using only my feet.
If all the inputs to the expression are not null, you should get some not null result so long as your well defined inputs meet other criteria of the expression (in bounds, etc.); I'd consider this a validation question and, failing validation, I'd want an exception. By simply returning NULL, you're really saying something else... that the inputs to the expression are valid, but result in something that cannot be determined. I don't think this is the case in 1/0; an exception is the proper signal since the construction of the expression itself is wrong (or the inputs invalid).

"SQL dialects typically return NULL for erroneous operations." I disagree with this. NULL does not mean erroneous, it simply means the definition is not yet known and therefore cannot be discussed beyond saying you don't know. That could be erroneous, but you don't know yet, all you have is a NULL.

If it's any comfort, I do agree that NULL is better than 0 or some other non-null result. I just don't think it's best and clouds the nature of the expression, the inputs to the expression, and ultimately is an incorrect result.

Also to be fair, MySQL had many more grievous foot-gun data quality issues in the past than this... though these things certainly did make it easier for a non-expert database developer to get something working without blow-up-everything errors.
Communities without one can build a local library
SPA was never made to solve those problems in my opinion. They are basically unfortunate side effects that introduced when SPA was made to resolve it's original targets. (And without SPA, we would probably never know mess with routes is so damn problematic.)
While it's true that these systems are a holdover from colonialism, it's also true that Kenya has been an independent country for over 50 years with sovereignty and agency over internal affairs like how the coffee market works. I feel at some point the blame needs to be shifted accordingly.
In the methods sections they might actually do this with what is called a CAS number. This ensures you can order the that exact chemical from Sigma Aldrich when you try that experiment yourself.
> Same question about covid/flu tests - a lot of people act like taking a test is part of a treatment regimen, but it kinda isn't.

First line treatment for covid/cold/flu is fluids, rest, and at least a bit of isolation.

But if you need more than that, it's useful to test for what you might have, as further treatments vary.
AREO | Remote (EU) | Full-Time | Equity | Roles: [Lead Product Engineer (Ruby on Rails), Senior Full-Stack Developer (Ruby on Rails), Technical Product Manager]

My name is Marius and I am the CTO at AREO (https://goareo.com/).

AREO, founded in January 2023 by a team with 20+ years of combined experience in retail and startups, is a young software startup specializing in developing innovative solutions for supermarkets and grocery retail stores. Our cutting-edge B2B SaaS platform optimizes workflows for employees by providing real-time access to inventory, product information, and customer inquiries. We serve large supermarket chains in Germany and across the EU.

We are now looking to hire Lead Product Engineers, Senior Full-Stack Developers, and Technical Product Managers with at least 8 years of experience. For the Technical Product Manager and Lead Product Engineer roles, professional knowledge of German is required. If you're looking to build great new products for retail from scratch, these roles are for you.

Backend Stack: Ruby / Rails (8.x), StimulusJS / Hotwire / Turbo, AlpineJS, Postgres, Docker, DigitalOcean, OpenAPI, LLMs

Perks: Fully remote roles (Europe), work when and where you are most productive, sizeable equity in a rapidly growing company, flat hierarchies, no-ego work environment, work in a lean but highly experienced team

Apply here: marius[at]goareo.com and mention “HN - Who is hiring?” and the role you are applying for in the subject. We’ll respond to every complete application.