skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
What actions can you take by the time you are at closing ?

I'm a licensed real estate agent, I actually got my license not just to learn about the business but to be able to save myself on agent commissions if I want to make an offer (if you can pass a CS data structures class you should be able to get a real estate license online in a matter of months), and I still would not try to optimize on closing costs.

Do I shop loans ? Absolutely. Are closing costs a scam ? Absolutely.

Would I try to optimize closing costs in the context of making a purchase ?

No.

In the time you have to decide the one really important question (whether to proceed or not) you need to spent it understanding the worst possible parts of the transaction you are about to make, NOT focusing on the closing costs.

Some class action lawyers should be worrying about optimizing these fees. Shop your loan, but spend your time investigating the property.

Pretending to be a site helping mortgage borrowers not get scammed while actually being a mortgage lead gen portal though : chef's kiss.
I agree with most of the technical points of the article.

But there may still be value in YC calling for innovation in that space. The article is correctly showing that there is no easy win in applying LLMs to chip design. Either the market for a given application is too small, then LLMs can help but who cares, or the chip is too important, in which case you'd rather use the best engineers. Unlike software, we're not getting much of a long tail effect in chip design. Taping out a chip is just not something a hacker can do, and even playing with an FPGA has a high cost of entry compared to hacking on your PC.

But if there was an obvious path forward, YC wouldn't need to ask for an innovative approach.
I see the vision.

I would replace the Monteserrat font with something like Work Sans (or just go with Inter like a lot of people do) and maybe go down to `font-weight: 500` (Medium) for your header elements that appear in the cards that also use Montserrat (the font size is too small to be that bold and the letters end up looking like a fat man in a dress shirt with the buttons holding on for dear life).

Your page design is real groovy and Montserrat lacks that groove. Work Sans is a good medium between groove and money maker. No one will notice the difference (apparently they aren't supposed to), but I bet you the groove will hit harder and the money may follow.

Also consider decreasing the font weight for Meshed Display to something like 200-300, like how you set it to 100 at the top. The font takes on an entirely different personality at lighter weights in a way that matches the rest of the design you've made. When it's bold (i.e., 700) it looks real formal and business like, at least compared to the rest of the page.

Also on mobile, some of the entries in the FAQ appear centered and some don't.

But yeah man check out Work Sans (https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Work+Sans)

and maybe change

b, strong {
font-weight: bolder;
}

to

b, strong {
font-weight: 500;
}

Your email address in the FAQ is nearly unreadable. Again, "fat man in a dress shirt that's too small".

In your CSS and see how that works.

Check out these books from Anna's Archive Library

* https://book.webtypography.net

* https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Practical_Guide_to_De...

Hope this helps.
Fun story: I quit my previous job due to health reasons (as far as everyone there knew). I later hear from a friend who works there that during the retro the CEO just said "He couldn't handle the small amount of work that was on his plate." I had never had a one on one with this guy since I started working. He didn't exit interview me. Just a piece of shit truly.
I appreciate the effort that has gone into organising the tech radars, each time. But whether by export group or review panel, I've come to belief that (blindly) following 'best practices' or 'industry standards' based on prospective adoption is moot.

Tools, languages and technology take their place after a significant share of people have adopted them, not before. Trying to steer industry towards certain tools and away from others, ignores the irrational choices that belie them, and how resistant we may sometimes be to purported technical fixes.

We are creatures of habit, and will break those habits on occasion, but ideally not because of an imbibed fear of losing out---the tools need to be proven in practice, not on promise.
For better or worse it's never been Apples MO to keep software working forever, that's Microsoft's schtick. PPC OSX software is gone, x86-32 OSX software is gone even on hardware that could still run it natively, AArch32 iOS software is gone, and if history is any indication it's only a matter of time before x86-64 OSX software is gone too.
32bit ARM and aarch64 are wildly different instruction sets. 32bit ARM may as well be x86 or MIPS as far as running it on aarch64 hardware, it is going to require just about the same level of emulation(memory models may be similar which would help, but that's about it).

Unlike x86/64, the 32bit silicon is entirely gone in most aarch64.
Genes of ancient animal relatives grew a mouse: Hidden history of stem cells
To bring a drug to market it has to be demonstrated as being more effective than a placebo
Working towards it more than on it.

People use the term in different ways. It generally implies being able to think like a human or better. OpenAI have always said they are working towards it, I think deepmind too. It'll probably take more than an LLM.

It's economically a big deal because if it can out think humans you can set it to develop the next improved model and basically make humans redundant.
> Is that with or without the external costs of additional CO2 releases?

Without. But on a global scale those externalities aren't priced in. Particularly at the margin.
The hardening mode we enabled is quite recent added to libc++. It was proposed in 2022: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-c-buffer-hardening/65734. It was designed to run in prod, so it's quite fast. Previous debug modes I've seen came with a much higher costs, and therefore weren't (usually) enabled in prod.
There are component libraries, though they're usually much lower level than an ALU. For example Synopsys Designware:

https://www.synopsys.com/dw/buildingblock.php
Eh, the beef that I have is that I am already a paying customer. Why does it seem like I am getting subpar service in terms of delivery? I know it is a tired conversation on this forum, but corporations big and small do what they can do mess with experience to eke out few more cents from customers. It almost does not matter which industry one looks at, it is the same story; the only difference is typically how egregious things get[1].

[1]https://www.marketwatch.com/story/i-opt-to-fly-private-no-ma...
"The goal of OpenAI is to make the future good and to avoid an AGI dictatorship. You are concerned that Demis could create an AGI dictatorship. So do we. So it is a bad idea to create a structure where you could become a dictator if you chose to, especially given that we can create some other structure that avoids this possibility."

Today I became a fan of Ilya Sutskever
Haha, I love it! I wear the gold calculator watch because it's fun and peculiar. I'd love to get a gold casio ring.
Data point: I have a medium-complexity data transformation use case that I still prefer pandas for.

Reason: I can speed things up fairly easily with Cython functions, and do multithreading using the Python module. With polars I would have to learn Rust for that.
It's useful in hinting which commit I should use to blame a file. I use blame to trace back to the pull request that introduced the changes that I'm interested in seeing. Commit messages themselves are rarely helpful to me since git hosts put way more useful context around sets of changes
I'm not seeing it explicitly stated in this post but there is an important detail that other comments seem to be ignoring/assuming. There's a difference between a class that requires students "to consider that the idea that relentless progress that steamrolls all other concerns might not be the right way to think about progress"(from one of my sibling comments), and a class that requires students to not believe in relentless progress. Like a class that assigns an essay with the prompt "explain why building more datacenters is bad" or a class that assigns "are more datacenters good" are two very different classes. My sibling comments seem to be assuming that the later is happening. I suspect the OP thinks the former is happening.
I would say that it's not just a Python problem, Node.js or Ruby seems to have almost the same problems. I'd say Docker exists because packaging C/C++ dependencies is an impossible problem that hasn't been solved in 5 decades. The build tools absolutely suck.
this however was back when incentives were not so messed up, but sure.
You can toggle to only show free content. Still get ads but theyre obvious.
> The current scientific consensus is that the placebo effect is a real healing effect operating through belief and suggestion.

Wait what? I’ve never heard this being the scientific consensus. It’s more like the lay person’s view. I think that many scientists agree that the placebo effect is primarily a combination of regression to the mean and participant’s desire to please the experimenter (ie the literal definition of “placebo”).
Thank you, but it still doesn't.

> the client will send a request to the server (GPU memory cache in this case)

What's inside the request? is the request a piece of gpu memory (for example, you want to backup machine learning weights)? or is the server using gpu memory as cache?

I know gpu is fast, but it doesn't have network io. you will need to move things back to cpu memory eventually if you need to send things to s3?

moving things between cpu and gpu is not efficient.

and what request needs gpu's power to preprocess? why can't I just simply save things on s3?

unless you chunk a large piece of data into smaller chunks and access them on demand?

what if the server/gpu experiences power outage suddenly? how to guarantee data integrity?
> Much easier to click than dial.

I've been dialing from a click for 20 years now.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3966
China tests building Moon base with lunar soil bricks
I don't think almost anyone actually want a headphone jack anymore. Just the consumer reality in 2024. I do obviously, but it's clearly too rare for them to bother with.
You could say the same about ZIP (it uses deflate by default but optionally supports things like zstd)
It’s not an echo chamber to refuse to accept hate speech and shitty right wing media. It’s an interesting but continuous claim that if you don’t accept far right and increasingly fascist viewpoints, you live in an echo chamber. This is a lie.
I wonder why Intel and AMD still keep the 32 bit and even 16 bit parts. Are there people still running many legacy apps?
I have to assume this is some snarky way of saying "violating copyright is Bad, m'kay".

Because taken at face value it's false. Any technical challenges involved in distributing a stream cannot possibly be affected by the legal status of the bits being pushed across the network.
> Apple should virtualize older iPhones within the latest iPhone system software, so you could seamlessly open old apps and games (32-bit, anyone?) in their own containerized environments

What is the practical, broad use case for this? (And can't you virtualize older iOS version on a Mac?)

> bring back the headphone jack

The article is about Macs. If you want a headphone jack, get a 3.5mm:USB-C converter.
China just builds any energy sources it possibly can.
Has it really been 20 years? The days are long. But the years are shorter. Still holding my breath on HL3. VR releases don't count.
Indeed. I have to wonder: if being able to authenticate to GitHub, upload one's code there, and then coordinate a transfer from there to PyPI through the approved mechanisms is good enough... then why can't PyPI just use the same authentication method GitHub does?

It seems hard to justify "we want to ensure the build is reproducible" when there is no system to attempt the build on PyPI's end and the default installer is perfectly happy to attempt the build (when no prebuilt version is available) on the user's machine - orchestrated by arbitrary code, and without confirmation as a default - without a chance to review the downloaded source first.

It seems hard to justify "we want to limit the scope of the authentication" when "a few minutes" is more than enough time for someone who somehow MITMed a major package to insert pre-prepared malware, and access to a single package from a major project affects far more machines than access to every repo of some random unimportant developer.

(The wheel format has hashes, but the sdist format doesn't. If these sorts of attacks aren't meaningfully mitigated by wheel hashes, what is the RECORD file actually accomplishing? If they are, shouldn't sdists have them too?)
I do not think twitch has the amount of concurrent users netflix might have had today morning for the fight.
Not that it’s a strictly uninteresting topic but it 1) was presented in a way that will cause many people to be defensive and 2) has an unclear association with the topic of these comments. Both of those are common reasons for downvotes on a comment here.
Playing Doom over DNS [video]
Arm+Mac+Arc,

chrome worked, but the image quality is low. very blurry
"Ongoing efforts". Great.

> a federal judge recently found Flint in civil contempt for failing to meet a deadline to remove all of the city's lead service lines.

> There are an estimated nine million lead service lines in need of replacement across the U.S.

- https://www.npr.org/2024/04/25/1247095068/its-been-10-years-...

> Flint residents have yet to see a penny of the $625 million class-action settlement that came from a lawsuit against the state

- https://eu.freep.com/story/news/local/2024/04/25/flint-water...

And it's not just Flint, like I said:

> CR and the Guardian selected 120 people from around the US, out of a pool of more than 6,000 volunteers, to test for arsenic, lead, PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), and other contaminants. The samples came from water systems that together service more than 19 million people.

> A total of 118 of the 120 samples had concerning levels of PFAS or arsenic above CR’s recommended maximum, or detectable amounts of lead.

- https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/mar/31/americas-tap...

Specific criteria you ask: How about just living up to our own standards, for a start. Holding polluters and enablers accountable.

Then we can get those standards up to where other, more densely populated, less wealthy countries already have them.
> It seems that M4 chips can’t virtualise any version of macOS before 13.4 Ventura

13.4 was released on May 18, 2023. That's actually not very far into the past.

Anyway, what would be the most common use cases for this? And how common are those?
This right here is where I'd expect the failure to occur. This isn't Joey Beercan running OBS using their home internet connectivity.

This is a major broadcast. I'd expect a full on broadcast truck/trailer. If they were attempting to broadcast this with the ($) option directly to a server from onsite, then I would demand my money back. Broadcasting a live IP signal just falls on its face so many times it's only the cheap bastard option. Get the video signal as a video signal away from the live location to a facility with stable redundant networking.

This is the kind of thinking someone only familiar with computers/software/networking would think of rather than someone in broadcasting. It's nice to think about disrupting, but this is the kind of failure that disruptors never think about. Broadcasters have been there done that with ensuring live broadcasts don't go down because an internet connection wasn't able to keep up.
A marketing rule is that you cannot pick the same combination of colors as the incumbent product. Because looking at your website, I am thinking of DeScript all the time. So your website is now an ad for DeScript. This is why Pepsi cannot pick red and Xbox cannot pick Blue.

Congrats but please change the color if you want to compare yourself to DeScript.
I think it's more due to political ignorance and the overton window shifting right the last 50 years. People tend to equate modern liberalism, which is very much pro-markets and pro-capital, with leftism.
I think this whole article is predicated on misinterpreting the ask. It wasn't for the chip to take 100x less power, it was for the algorithm the chip implements. Modern synthesis tools and optimisers extensively look for design patterns the same way software compilers do. That's why there's recommended inference patterns. I think it's not impossible to expect an LLM to expand the capture range of these patterns to maybe suboptimal HDL. As a simple example, maybe a designer got really turned around and is doing some crazy math, and the LLM can go "uh, that's just addition my guy, I'll fix that for you."
The article seems to be be based on the current limitations of LLMs. I don't think YC and other VCs are betting on what LLMs can do today, I think they are betting on what they might be able to do in the future.

As we've seen in the recent past, it's difficult to predict what the possibilities are for LLMS and what limitations will hold. Currently it seems pure scaling won't be enough, but I don't think we've reached the limits with synthetic data and reasoning.
The standard textbooks by historians are:

A History of Modern Computing by Paul Ceruzzi

There is a completely rewritten version of this with an additional author:

A New History of Modern Computing by Thomas Haigh and Paul Ceruzzi

Also:

Computer: A History of the Information Machine by Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray

There are good books by journalists and popular writers. Favorites on HN are:

The Dream Machine -- you are already reading this. Also:

Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution by Steven Levy

Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet by Katie Hafner and Matthey Lyon

These and many many other books are recomended and described in
this HN thread from a few years ago:

Ask HN: Computer Science/History Books?
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22692281
So, is it assumed as a bug more than a removed feature? If this is a bug and could be fixed I would treat this different to "no more support for older macOSes".
I just thought we were believers in the free market, making business decisions on business grounds, not frippery like DEI, spending based on data, not sucking up to aristocrats, so that capital is intelligently allotted.
I agree. It is nice to see what others are using though (I hadn't heard of a lot of stuff they list), and see if there's anything that might be useful to investigate.
In order to access the internet you are required to enter into a contract with a corporate entity. That's not because the internet is "theirs" (like Facebook's servers and systems are Meta's), but because the network layer was design with the assumption that companies would do the work of setting up ISPs, core routers, peering agreements, etc.

I'd like to see a P2P protocol that doesn't assume this but instead is designed to be completely decentralized, and anyone running the protocol can join. This protocol would provide addressing routing like our current IP protocol, and TCP/UDP etc can run on top of it. Would this be a separate "internet" or could it have gateways to the proper internet? Preferably the latter. There are obvious technical challenges with routing, addressing, mobility, all in a decentralized way but are they truly impossible?
That's exactly right. We've had extra hardening enabled in tests, and that does catch many issues. But tests can't exercise every potential out-of-bounds issue, which is why enabling it prod enabled us to find & fix additional issues.
I think "trust" is the wrong word I see for how commentators are treated. It's more of a blind faith.

I can think very specifically of an example where a political commentator, in private, said what they were publicly saying was crazy garbage. When I brought that up to my parents, it did not change their view of him. Effectively the response was "Well, all commentators lie" and they continued following him.

At least in my case, I think this is mainly a religion thing. I grew up mormon and one quote that sticks in my mind is the following:

> When our leaders speak, the thinking has been done. When they propose a plan–it is God’s plan. When they point the way, there is no other which is safe. When they give direction, it should mark the end of controversy. God works in no other way. To think otherwise, without immediate repentance, may cost one his faith, may destroy his testimony, and leave him a stranger to the kingdom of God.

I've seen this sort of mentality extend in non-religious contexts. Basically "Well, don't you think X would have already thought about Y? Why are you questioning?"
Engrams and the endocannabinoid system inform new PTSD treatments
not necessarily. It can be against another existing drug.
If you watch it over cable, you're live streaming it. Let's face it, that's where the vast majority of viewers see it. Few people view OTA even if the quality is better.

Live sports do not broadcast the event directly to a streamer. They push it to their broadcast centers. It then gets distributed from there to whatever avenues it needs to go. Trying to push a live IP stream directly from the remote live venue rarely works as expected. That's precisely why the broadcasters/networks do not do it that way
Ask HN: How to Build RAG?
I am building another 'ask PDF a question' RAG.

I have successfully converted PDF to markdown.

Then I used Jina segmenter to split it into chunks.

Each chunk is ~1000 characters long, but sometimes it is as short as just the title of the section.

I have then stored all of these chunks in a vector database and use cosine distance to sort chunks, pick the first 100, and include the associated chunks into LLM prompt that's used to answer user's question.

However...

I feel like I am missing a step.

The chunks that are returned by the query, while mostly relevant, they ...

* do not include the full recipe
* include snippets of unrelated recipes

Is there a step am I missing?
For some value of 'old' perhaps.

In terms of length of official support, and aftermarket value, Apple is at the top of the game. Those strike me as the most important metrics here.

And while you might think that once official support is over, that's the end of the story, this is far from true. Those phones end up in developing markets, where there's an entire cottage industry dedicated to keeping them going. Jailbreaking is getting harder, so that might stop being an option eventually, but so far it's viable, and that's what happens.
It seems to be about a GRE tunnel implementation too:

From https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux...

> The device stores IPv6 addresses that are used for encapsulation in
linear memory that is managed by the driver.

> Changing the remote address of an ip6gre net device never worked
properly, but since cited commit the following reproducer [1] would
result in a warning [2] and a memory leak [3]. The problem is that the
new remote address is never added by the driver to its hash table (and
therefore the device) and the old address is never removed from it.

I wasn't familiar with the 'mlxsw' module so I found this on GitHub which was quite helpful: https://github.com/Mellanox/mlxsw/wiki. Seems the impact is even more niche (i.e. this won't be affecting most people's cloud VMs and regular linux desktop/mobile users):

> mlxsw: Mellanox Technologies is the first hardware vendor to use the switchdev API to offload the kernel's forwarding plane to a real ASIC. Mellanox's/Nvidia's current switchdev-based solution is focused on Spectrum ASICs.