skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
University students in Poland, under russian occupation no less, managed to clone and manufacture Intel 8080 using 6um Uni lab in 1982. Writeup in Polish http://retrokolekcja.pl/MCY7880.php

In 1983 cult Polish science education TV program SONDA documented design and manufacturing of first batches in a humorous lets bake a cake fashion. Paper plotters, light pens, developing/rinsing dies by hand, electron microscope debugging, the whole nine yards!

part 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJGp7keIA_o

part 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHl6m93Hay0

part 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcOTwkT-PDU
No, not least because the panspermia hypothesis says that DNA is in fact not originally from Earth.
> To clarify, it is pretty much the cafeteria kitchen

Well, the college refectory - canteen
Given the historical trend of blood lead levels, they're probably right. Airborne lead is more problematic and it wasn't boomers it was Gen X who were poisoned the most.
Most likely yes. I don't think companies can be blamed for not wanting to subject themselves to EU regulations or uncertainty.

Edit: Also, if you don't want to follow or deal with EU law, you don't do business in the EU. People here regularly say if you do business in a country, you have to follow its laws. The opposite also applies.
I'm not sold that it's possible to do any form of colonization without some kind of eventual contamination.
All I'm saying is if their reasons are so good, then those reasons should be the argument itself, not that amazon decided to go that path.

I'd rather hear the case, than hear that some judge heard the case in secret and trust their conclusion.Especially as what is a strong case for amazon may including things irrelevant or outright mis-aligned to the public interest though.
Here's an article I like about that: https://eukaryotewritesblog.com/2021/05/02/theres-no-such-th...
I will again ask the obligatory question: are model weights even copyrightable? And if not, does the "license" still matter?
It takes a surprising amount of time and effort to write fewer, simpler lines of code. (Until you have to use and maintain it...)

"I would have written a shorter letter, but I did not have the time." - Pascal
Great crate! Why use a hashmap instead of a Btreemap which is usually advised in rust?
Not the actual chip layout, no, but you can very plausibly get the circuit design to work. If you're doing this you presumably want something you can't do on an FPGA, which probably means analog, so you probably don't want the super-high-end process nodes like 10nm, 7nm, or 4nm anyway; those are generally not going to be very useful for analog signals.

Right now Tiny Tapeout seems to be the best option.
The point is that Fearless Concurrency comes with some footnotes when doing the full spectrum of systems programming.

Which tend to be ignored when talking about how Rust is so much better than anything else.

Ye it has improved some concurrency/parallelism scenarios, not all of them.
From the guidelines, first two:

> On-Topic: Anything that good hackers would find interesting. That includes more than hacking and startups. If you had to reduce it to a sentence, the answer might be: anything that gratifies one's intellectual curiosity.

> Off-Topic: Most stories about politics, or crime, or sports, or celebrities, unless they're evidence of some interesting new phenomenon. Videos of pratfalls or disasters, or cute animal pictures. If they'd cover it on TV news, it's probably off-topic.

This topic by far does not gratify one’s intellectual curiosity, which is what I opened my thread with. It is dog-piling and that can be done elsewhere. The discussions don’t provide anything interesting nor anything new that a curious mind can grab and hold onto.
Nonsense. Theological concepts of original sin don't apply to contract law. Just because there were racist HOAs in the 1950s or whatever doesn't mean a new HOA is tainted. You're not even trying to make a logical argument
I do not. However, the authors of this study are hardly a disinterested party.
This is a great point too - I definitely want to run some more varied benchmarks to get a better idea of how this performs in different settings. We'll also be using it in prod soon, so we'll see how it does in a real use setting too :)
I agree, however, Meta is also guilty of this crime as well.
Given the costs and benefits involved, under what circumstances would you not simply run all of your drinking water through a Brita filter? They are inexpensive, solve problems aside from lead, and solve lead problems that emerged after your test (like what happened in Flint).
I love python and I found diagrams fine but after tried for a few time , it comes down to me that diagrams as code only good for diagrams that are already sketched out on how it would look like in design tools like draw.io . Diagrams need a Visual editor. Designing using code is very hard to visualize how it will look like by just looking at code and running , editing , looking back is not fun.
Since code provides easy versioning and search and replace , refactoring is easy , what we need is visual editor that generates code and so we can keep that code versioned in github.
Part of the challenge is that most developers are not engineers. In proper engineering training, there are best practices and safety guidelines taught across the board by accredited schools. In software any cowboy with a keyboard can produce code. Unsurprisingly, most of it is shite.
Javascript's `this` is the gift that keeps giving...
I actually built a Chrome extension that runs Claude computer use if you’d like to try it out! [0] It’s currently awaiting approval in the Chrome Web Store.

After having spent the last several years building a popular Chrome extension for browser automation [1], I was excited to see if LLMs could actually build automations end-to-end based on a high-level description. Unfortunately, they still get confused quite easily so the holy grail has yet to come. Still fun to play around with though!

[0] https://autobrowser.ai/

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29254147
You're conflating two different things here.

One is, what does the law say? Did they violate it? Is it illegal for a foreign subsidiary to temporarily shut off access to a branch office? How would we like this to work? Policy arguments about law enforcement vs. due process and government overreach.

The other is, politics. If the local government is captured by a cartel of taxi medallion holders who don't like Uber, the government is going to find a way to screw Uber, regardless of whether Uber is complying with existing law. But then it's politics and Uber is a multi-billion dollar corporation, so they have the option to capture the government themselves.

Of course, that leaves the meta argument. Maybe deciding what should happen based on the second method is worse than the first, so how do we prevent that from being what happens?
This could be rolled out nationally soon. Our lead service line survey was due Oct 16th.
Read that link. The BLS says "yes we try to adjust for the substitution, but really we are trying to calculate a basic level of satisfaction:

> In January 1999, the BLS began using a geometric mean formula in the CPI that reflects the fact that consumers shift their purchases toward products that have fallen in relative price. [It continues by saying it allows substitution withing categories and not between categories.]

This is exactly what I was saying. It has become a cost of living index, not a measure of inflation anymore. The hedonic adjustments can be laughably hand-wavy (it is a very difficult problem on how you measure inflation when using CPUs -- the real answer is you shouldn't and CPI's basked is a bad bad way to do it). That FAQ is always pretty funny and defensive (a lot of "give us a break -- it doesn't really affect anything much").

> Even for people who don't own their home, new york has rent control, which provides similar inflation protections compared to owning a home.

This is one of the huge issues. (1) Not sure if you live near NYC, but ask any new yorker about how much rent control has helped -- the answer is usually pretty low. don't have a heart attack looking at this rental rise in the last 5 years https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/spotlight-new-york-citys...

However that isn't the important part - rent control shouldn't effect measures of inflation -- this is precisely why CPI is bad. You can't legislate away inflation, you mere push the money around and prices rise asymmetrically but you still have the fundamental issue that CPI no longer even tries to measure -- too many dollas chasing too few goods. So you stop some of using those dollars on housing -- they just bid of something else instead.

CPI is a terrible horrible very bad measure of inflation. Its been that way since the 70s at least when the concept was turned on its head.
>> MoE model with 52 billion activated parameters means its more comparable to a (dense) 70b model and not a dense 405b model

Only when talking about how fast it can produce output. From a capability point of view it makes sense to compare the larger number of parameters. I suppose there's also a "total storage" comparison too, since didn't they say this is 8bit model weights, where llama is 16bit?
They all look the same in the codebase unless you have deep prior context.
you can get a long way on something with 41% less performance than your favorite supercar...
Hmm, in fairness I don't see where Tencent is claiming this is open source (at least in this repo; I haven't checked elsewhere). The title of the HN post does make the claim, and that may be controversial or simply incorrect.
Every other YouTube video I watch tells me two or three times that Their Sponsor JLCPCB (or, equivalently, their competitor PCBWay) will fabricate five copies of your PCB for US$10 and ship them to you in a week, though the non-promotional price seems to be more like US$80. Tiny Tapeout, MOSIS, and CMP do similar things for chips, at a much higher cost and longer timescale.
I believe the EU has (or is drafting) laws about LLMs of a certain size which this release would not comply with.
FPGAs mostly aren't useful for analog.
They probably trained on data protected by privacy laws, similar to Meta.
Professional Engineer licensure to be able to actually charge for software (this carves out exception for FOSS and freeware) could raise the costs enough to make this kind of software engineering viable. The problem today is competitors will iterate with piles of temporary solutions and eat your lunch while you're still designing your abstractions. If they got sued into oblivion for shipping broken crap, they wouldn't be so quick to iterate on junk!

PE licensure could also foster a security culture in software like none other, as no PE is going to put his fortunes on the line to save a buck skipping formal verifications and avoiding inconvenient best practices!
PatternBoost: Constructions in Mathematics with a Little Help from AI
"We introduce PatternBoost, a flexible method for finding interesting constructions in mathematics. Our algorithm alternates between two phases. In the first ``local'' phase, a classical search algorithm is used to produce many desirable constructions. In the second ``global'' phase, a transformer neural network is trained on the best such constructions. Samples from the trained transformer are then used as seeds for the first phase, and the process is repeated. We give a detailed introduction to this technique, and discuss the results of its application to several problems in extremal combinatorics. The performance of PatternBoost varies across different problems, but there are many situations where its performance is quite impressive. Using our technique, we find the best known solutions to several long-standing problems, including the construction of a counterexample to a conjecture that had remained open for 30 years."
I often refer to the website... This story should be posted there. It's a great piece of software history.
https://apps.npr.org/2024-election-results/

https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-elections/president-re...

https://www.politico.com/2024-election/results/

I didn't make any of these, of course, but these are among the usual suspects
Brita filters solve lead problems? Carbon alone doesn't do it, Brita filters are basically just for taste and large particulate matter.*

Brita filters don't typically remove bacteria, viruses, or anything truly worrisome from water. If your water is unsafe to drink before a Brita jug, it's unsafe after too.

If you want to remove lead, a little brita filter jug won't do it. You need reverse osmosis, or maybe a fancy super-large, regularly renewed, incredibly expensive filter.

* see followup posts
All they had to do was to focus on doing the best browser, and email client.
It's funny that you bring up PTO, since all your examples could be applied to PTO as well (all-hands meeting when you're on vacation, on-call rotation throughout the year, 24 legally guaranteed minimum vacation days straining budgets, parents timing their vacation to coincide with school break) and the European solution is to have a minimum number of days everyone gets off, but they're free to choose when.
I don't understand there to be anything deeper about it, though happy to be corrected. In a consistent system, there are three kinds of statements: the provable ones, the disprovable ones, and the independent ones. This is straight from Godel Incompleteness I. The sin of LEM is exactly that it overlooks the reality of incompleteness. But, if course, you also can't fix it with an axiom encoding the trichotomy I just stated, because the independence of a statement is itself a statement that lives in a higher ambient system.
I imagine they trained on data that is protected by privacy laws, similar to Meta.
Show HN: Never Type Twice. One-Click Prompt Reuse for ChatGPT
I agree. In this case, we felt that use of a particular word in a particular context reflected a mindset that many of us were trying to avoid. And, it became a fun game.
I tried, actually! It didn't work correctly, so I assumed support had been dropped, but instead it seems like it was some other technical issue.
> Why use a hashmap instead of a Btreemap which is usually advised in rust?

Is this actually the case? I can't say I've seen the same.
> where your retirement income is subject to the vagaries and collusions of the market

Isn’t this normal and expected? Pensions are also subject to the same thing since they’re invested in the same stock market, right? It is why most pensions don’t have enough money. You simply can’t make something totally risk free. I think pensions are misleading by offering this guarantee and it always results in the company having difficulties for unrealistic obligations or people not getting their pension that they expected when the company collapses.

> as well as your own investment choices and skills over time

401k plans usually have a default investment suggestion that provides a reasonable place to start. People can choose to stick with those recommendations or not. But the 401k is required by some regulation to make responsible choices as a default strategy. Not all companies have the same flexibility in what you can invest in, but mine have always had low cost funds available. I do agree they should have the ability to freely invest in anything though.
There are a few reasons - For one, I'm not sure BTreeMap is always faster in Rust... it may be sometimes but lookups are still O(log(n)) due to the searching where with a HashMap it's (mostly) O(1). They both have their uses - I usually go for BTreeMap when I explicitly need the collection to be ordered.

A second reason is sharding - sharding based on a hash is quite simple to do, but sharding an ordered collection would be quite difficult since some reads would need to search across multiple shards and thus take multiple locks.

If you mean internally (like for each shard), we're using hashbrown's raw HashTable API because it allows us to manage hashing entirely ourselves, and avoid recomputing the hash when determining the shard and looking up a key within a shard.
CH definitely has more installations. not sure about which pulls in more revenue. KDB installations will run you $250,000/yr on the low-end for just the software license. Not sure how that compares.
What about the derivative operator in maths? When you write say d^nf/dx^n in Leibniz notation (or the equivalent in Lagrange notation f^(n)(x)), you have 3 arguments. The "f" is the function you are taking the derivative of, the n is what derivative to take and then the (x) is what to name the argument in the resulting function.

Obviously in the common case you're just writing something like f'(x) or f''(x) where the ' stands for ^(1) but it's still a ternary operator.

Another common example in maths is the "limit" operator where you have lim_x->a <someexpr> and the arguments are x, a and someexpr.
>It just isn't an obstacle. I don't know what the article author was thinking.

Probably googling a term, learning how it applies to mammals and assuming that's true for plants as well.
> I'd think that a self replicating life form will need something to carry it's program,

Well yes, for sure, a replicator needs some sort of 'program', and if you go for carbon+water, amino acids are a good bet.

> and this is what DNA is

Yes, on Earth. But the actual horrendously weird and complex molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid is not the only way of implementing such a program. Check out a text such as 'How Life Works: A User’s Guide to the New Biology', by Philip Ball to see why I'm being picky here.
TIL. I've only ever heard the term PINN (physics-informed neural networks) before.
A)
For Mind2Web: because there are multiple ways to reach a goal state - any thoughts how to evaluate if a task was successful? Should we let the LLM/ other LLM evaluate it?
Benchmarks will always look good when using a spin-lock like you seem to be using here https://github.com/fortress-build/whirlwind/blob/0e4ae5a2aba...
New Jersey man admits shipping sanctions-busting tech to Russia
Also existing privacy laws (GDPR) and AI Act (foundational models have to disclose and document their training data)
More of the same; just follow our idea and it wo 't hurt your future outcome....
Training an LLM is a rudimentary exercise at this point, so maybe not the best example.
I think you misunderstand, you don't need 90% of workers to act against a factory to sabotage or shut it down. You need one to do significant damage. Not percent, one employee.

If you think about where you work, I'm sure you can quickly figure out how you could cause significant harm to it. I'm sure if you think for a bit you could figure out how to do more and maybe how to avoid getting caught or at least caught quickly.

> Reality is, as with all war, collaborators will be richly rewarded, sabeteurs will be shot.

Not correct at all. Collaborators do not typically become richly rewarded. There are examples, but there is not a single instance of an occupied country where that country's people all got rich corroborating. Nor even high rates of collaboration.

Thing is, people aren't very different from you or I. If another country performed a hostile takeover of your country, do you think you'd happily collaborate? Maybe you would. Would you do so without reservation? Do you think your decision will be common? Have you considered that this is a hostile takeover and there's a very good chance that at least one of your friends or family members has been killed.

There's an old saying that was popular during the initial invasion of Iraq:

How do you create a terrorist?
You kill his brother.

In case you missed the context, it is a critique on the invasion itself and how the actions being taken were creating more adversaries.

Yes, people caught will be shot. But this creates two types of people, not one. Those that are afraid and reluctantly comply and people who are afraid and are catalyzed to fight back. Don't believe me?

Look at the history of literally any occupation effort. Hanging onto occupied territories is very difficult. Take Ukraine as an example if you want to understand things from a real life evolving situation. There is still resistance in Donetsk, resistance in Luhansk. Hell, resistance has not stopped in Crimea, a decade after occupation.

If you think the Taiwanese will just roll over and comply, then I think you are being naive. I think you haven't even though of what the impact of losing a loved one will do to you.

> PRC is losing a finger, west is losing the hands and feet.

Again, these are not turnkey operations. I'd also suggest you attempt reverse engineering something before making such strong claims. I'll even make the bar low: just reverse engineer hardware. If you can do that, you're 20% of the way to success! (even adding the software won't get you to 90%). China is losing a lot more than a few fingers, and taking Taiwan doesn't get them Samsung. The Koreans aren't big allies of China (btw, they still hold a grudge with Japan more than 70 years later). It doesn't get them Intel. It doesn't get them Broadcom, Qualcomm, Hynix, ASML, or even AMAT. HiS isn't even close to Samsung. Yes, global chip production will fall and be hit hard. But remember which country buys 54% of chips...

> Unless there's replacement/substitute, which so far PRC is the only country trying to replicate entire supply chain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSMC#Arizona
We might be overestimating coding agent performance on SWE-Bench
Hey everyone! We recently came across a ICLR submission highlighting dataset contamination issues with SWE-Bench. After filtering out those issues, the authors saw the performance of SWE-Agent + GPT-4 drop significantly, from 12.47% to 3.97%.

This led us to think more deeply about SWE-Bench as an evaluation tool. We've put together a blog post that reviews this paper, other relevant research, and also our thoughts on additional gaps in SWE-Bench.

Blog: https://www.cgft.io/blog/swe-bench-evals

Paper: https://openreview.net/forum?id=pwIGnH2LHJ

Would love your thoughts as well! This post isn’t meant to criticize SWE-Bench; it’s still the best dataset out there for evaluating coding agents. Instead, we hope this discussion can spark ideas on how to make it even better!

We might be overestimating coding agent performance on SWE-Bench
Forcing companies to open source their software is certainly possible for some senses of the word "possible". You could go a long way in that direction just by changing the copyright law to not cover software, or to only cover software if the source code is deposited with the Library of Congress. Or you could change product liability law to declare products shipped without complete, compilable source code for their firmware to be "defective". Right now the political support for such changes isn't there, but that can change over time.

More likely we're going to go in the opposite direction, though.
> “The charges in this case should be a wakeup call for American companies and government agencies that employ remote IT workers,” Nicole Argentieri, head of the Justice Department's Criminal Division, said.

I really hope this doesn’t become ammunition for companies who force unjust and unnecessary return to office policies.
"Unary" and "binary" were used exactly how they are used when talking about programming languages.