skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
With today's (good) sensitivity to not letting ethnicity guide us to whether someone is a friend or an enemy, the rise of the nation state can seem like a bad idea. However, it should also be kept in mind that prior to nation states emerging, ethnicities were combined in states through the force of Royal or Imperial power; Bourbons, Hohenzollerns, Angevins, Carolingians DnGAF what nations they were ruling over, just as many as possible; and often times there still were ethnicities with greater power at the center who simply wanted to take your mind off of that.

then of course, prior to the age of empires, nations formed where there were geographical boudaries between them and their neighbors, and they did exist as nation-states. The modern rise of nation-states took place in the context of the downfall of nobility/aristocracy. Democracy and free speech do, by their nature, unlock the expression of vulgar passions.
Yes, I do :)

https://medium.com/build-ideas/newsletter
the “objective state of scientific and technical knowledge”

snort
Easy Way to Generate Complete Project Source Code with ChatGPT / Claude.ai
Ask HN: A way to record any video on the web?
There are many "recorder" program on (say) osX, which can take the "loopback audio" and video and record it conveniently, why is it so hard to make an "os-level" / "chrome-level" plugin which would allow recording a video on any website? (and not just have to "reverse" the source of the video and download it, like youtube-dl does)
The ip2asn-v4-u32.tsv file has

996520704 996520959 4294901931 Unknown AS4294901931

3523770368 3523770623 4294901931 Unknown AS4294901931

3523771136 3523771391 4294901931 Unknown AS4294901931
@mentions don’t work. If you want to contact dang, use the email at the bottom of the page: hn@ycombinator.com
Is that supposed to be latex? How to display the formulas?
Nutrition researcher here. The combination of free acids and free sugars seems to have a synergistically terrible effect on metabolism. The man who discovered diabetes tried to warn about this. The bottom line is you don't want processed carbs or processed fats. They aren't in a form that is much available in the environment, even supposed similar items like pure honey or cream don't show the same effects. Eat starches, fruit, and natural fats (animal, fish, nuts).
More intellectual dishonesty. My comment was about marijuana addiction. You chose to ignore that and address other claims.
That's the point I was trying to get across. It's not that they're perfect or even right. They're just the best we have. Like aether and 4 elements and miasma. It wasn't great but it's what we had.
But you know what's even better? Having a choice.

Want to lock down Windows? You should have that power. It would be absolutely idiotic if you couldn't secure a computer. But, do you want to fuck with the kernel, patch out something you think should never be called by anything because there is no legitimate use case? You should also have that power.

Because one thing that stuff like this doesn't do is "make it easier for the bad guys": want to deliver a malicious payload by exploiting Windows, either because of its design or a recently found vector? I hope you die in a fire but you already have so many options that this one really doesn't give you more power than before. It's just another option in a litany of options. After all, Windows is only as safe as its users with admin powers, which is literally every home user thanks to elevated access being a single "ok" button, if they even have UAC still turned on "because it's so annoying".
They don't.

Back in the day, it wasn't uncommon for pirate radio stations to drum up listeners by using TA to advertise short snippets.
This is not an inherent problem with trains though - it should absolutely be possible to implement a continent wide railway system, which I believe will happen sooner rather than later.

Switzerland already has a unified system, where the main train operator SBB and the local public transport operators use the same ticketing system. Both monthly passes are available and a half fare card, which reduces the price by a lot(not half, as is suggested by the name of the card). The Swiss people are so used to travel by train they pretty much treat it like their own living room.
I don't think anybody is proposing that Chinese people are not normal humans making normal mistakes. The difference is that if somebody asked people to spell "unnecessary", there would only be three common mistakes they would make (based on whether letters are arbitrarily duplicated or not), and all would be easily understood by readers if written.

English orthography is terrible (i.e. a single vowel can be a half-dozen letters), but there's a limit to how complicated it can be to write a word that one knows how to say.
Solving Global Lyapunov functions: open problem in mathematics with transformers
Previous: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41847420
Indeed, and this is a reason why, traditionally, electrons are studied using linear accelerators, rather than rings. It was the main purpose of Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC) as I understand it.

When electrons are accelerated in rings, it's usually because you want to do something with the radiation, and not the electrons.
And when numbers are just rethorical devices you can pull them out of thin air.
> Keeping politics out of your job is a sign of professionalism

I guess Microsoft as a whole is an unprofessional organisation, then.

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/corporate-responsibility/pub...

> Microsoft actively engages with governments, policy makers, and civil society partners across the world (…)

> In the US, the Microsoft Corporation Stakeholders Voluntary Political Action Committee (MSVPAC) (…)
PocketPages: Write your web apps like old-school PHP
What would that do to you? Sunburn?
I can think of a bunch of similarities just off the top of my head: throughput management is probably the most critical skill in factorio, and obviously comes up all over software engineering. Managing production belt chains is not unlike managing your program's call stack. Ensuring the right resource reaches a production facility is like managing input types.
What makes you say that? California had a problem with attracting homeless drifters as far back as the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Why did all those homeless former farmers from Oklahoma and Arkansas trek all the way to California? Why not stop in, oh, say, Arizona, or scamper on down to cozy South Texas?
It is a security nightmare by today’s standards, and was hard to secure back then as well.

Apple devices provide a good exemplar because of their significant investments in security, but it’s not the only company making devices about which you can say physical control is no longer an absolute proxy for logical control.

Take for instance an Apple silicon Mac (or for that matter an iPhone). Generally speaking you could steal it from someone but without the credentials it’s more or less a brick.

Apple silicon Macs in particular have firmware that requires certain base actions to be authorized with the password of the “Owner” account, which is (typically) the first user account created on the machine. Without that, it will just stare back at you.

Are there vulnerabilities that could enable a bypass? Probably. Are those in the hands of any given evil maid or thief? Exceedingly unlikely.
> However, where software is supplied in exchange for a price, or for personal data used other than exclusively for improving the security, compatibility or interoperability of the software

I'm really glad that the legislation treats the exploitation of private information as a price.
A New Pattern in Nature
Primary source is

https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=222117 ("High-Voltage Gun Accelerates Electrons from Zero to 80 … Percent the Speed of Light")

This one's the same article, but in excerpted form.
The ones not used to judge people.

You can look at revenue and decide "hey, we have a problem here" and go research what's causing the problem. That's a perfectly valid used for a KPI.

You can do some change by something like the Toyota process, saying "we will improve X", make the change, and track X out to see if you must revert or keep it. That is another perfectly valid use for a KPI.

What you can't do is use them to judge people.
> Git is weird and bizarre

The core of Git is incredibly simple and elegant (content addressable database). It's an amazing approach to how to represent the data that needs representing.

The UI is the challenging bit, and that's because Linus just slapped something on to demonstrate it, expecting that a proper UI would be built over the plumbing he'd created.
The resource savings will be enormous once this drug is legalized nationally and the make work program for law enforcement around these violations ends.
I originally thought that the nhtsa would perform some tests of this kind but I was disappointed to find out that this doesn't seem to be the case. Most focus on pedestrian safety seems to be on automatic emergency braking and other ADAS systems. In this regard I claim that by default one should expect the Cybertruck to be at least decent. Not the best but surely not terrible.
While the shape of the hood and the visibility obviously matter of course it seems to be the case that such evaluations are basically done by eyeballing it. Pedestrian dummy crash tests with collection of force data etc. seem to not at all be standard. Which sucks, but it again shows that the Cybertruck is not an outlier on some well-established metric.

I predict if after some years a statistical analysis is done on pedestrian crashes by car model the Cybertruck will just be some kind of average. It has decent AEB and it is a new car driven by young people. Would other cars have caused less injury in the crashes that do occur? Probably. To a degree that it justifies calling it a pedestrian killer? I doubt it.
I can forgive price and range, because those are the sort of things that come with a company's first generation of EVs. But they didn't get anything else about it right. It's almost as though they were trying to have it fail so they could say "look, nobody wants EVs".
And often when you have to implement what you've written in code you notice the written thought wasn't so legitimate after all.
This was exactly my first thought as well. This seems like an entirely self-manufactured problem.
Saying that a whole style of learning for neurodivergent folks like Temple Grandin is kinda misguided. They don't need to learn by doing by everything, and I'm sure you knew that.
I got a little more than halfway into this long article, so I apologize if this was answered at some point. So what?

Many native English speakers can't pick up a pen and paper and write intelligibly and would be in real trouble if they lost their phones; an increasingly annoying number TALK into their phones, not even pretending to type and just spewing auto-corrected crap out into the world.
Is the joke accurate in this example? Are there many tenths?
Tone matters.

I'm much more likely to listen to a person who has a calm, neutral or positive tone than someone who is screaming the same words at me.

Words are only a part of human communication, and arguably not the most important part.

"Can I help you?" Has a vastly different meaning depending on the tone and body language of the speaker.
Just tried it. "Remind me tomorrow to get energy drinks at Costco" returns "Sorry, I can't help with that" and instructions for creating a reminder.

Edit: it looks like I need to turn "app activity" on, which means I need to opt in to someone being allowed to read my interactions and annotate them, making them undeletable. Then I need to connect Google Workspace. Then it creates a reminder but tapping on it prompts me to install the Google Tasks app. It's absolutely clown shoes for something that could be done on the device with existing APIs.
I think that was for "mundane" CRT tubes for old TVs and stuff. X-ray tubes for machines like baggage scanners can reach 150 kV or so, and it's nothing particularly special. Google seems to show papers for 400 kV tubes. 350 kV sounds high but not ludicrously so, so I'm probably missing something.
Android Translation Layer
Had the same issue with restic taking up a lock in the event of an unsuccessful operation. I have a very simple workaround for it.

ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/restic unlock

ExecStart=/usr/bin/restic backup
Each time a new LLM version comes out, I give it another try at generating tests. However, even with the latest models, tailored GPTs, and well-crafted prompts with code examples, the same issues keep surfacing:

- The models often create several tests within the same equivalence class, which barely expands test coverage

- They either skip parameterization, creating multiple redundant tests, or go overboard with 5+ parameters that make tests hard to read and maintain

- The model seems focused on "writing a test at any cost" often resorting to excessive mocking or monkey-patching without much thought

- The models don’t leverage existing helper functions or classes in the project, requiring me to upload the whole project context each time or customize GPTs for every individual project

Given these limitations, I primarily use LLMs for refactoring tests where IDE isn’t as efficient:

- Extracting repetitive code in tests into helpers or fixtures

- Merging multiple tests into a single parameterized test

- Breaking up overly complex parameterized tests for readability

- Renaming tests to maintain a consistent style across a module, without getting stuck on names
> I’m confused as to how this argues that precocious kids’ situation today is different from the past.

Later I invite the counterfactual:

"Imagine if Carnegie and Da Vinci were instead compelled to stay in school for 10 more years. What would have happened?"

and,

"A 13-year-old Steve Jobs once called Bill Hewlett—whose number was simply listed in the phone book–and received a summer job at Hewlett Packard. This would be unsurprising in Carnegie’s time, was certainly surprising for 1968, and is culturally verboten today."
In this case I think it's mostly about using different sub-carriers (kind of a "channel in the channel"), so that the data information and the audio are separated in frequency and do not disturb each other. That's generally called Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), IIRC.

Another more advanced technique is Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), e.g. used by GPS and some mobile communication modulation schemes. It allows you to have multiple senders on a single radio carrier frequency, and the receiver "selects" which sender to listen to by knowing its "code".

There's also Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), i.e. senders take turns sending content in allocated time slots.
Mother sues AI chatbot company Character.AI, Google over son's suicide
You should be able to see when someone is gaslighting you. They charge because they want and can.

The above justification might apply to some of their standards but certainly not to PDF.

PDF was developed by Adobe. They make lots money selling PDF tools and licensing PDF software.

PDF didn't have to be a standard. It could be a proprietary format.

Adobe wanted the adoption of PDF so they made PDF a standards so that they can sell more PDF tools.

It didn't have to an ISO standard. Adobe could have released it as an open spec with some sort of permissive license.

Adobe wanted it to be ISO standard to piggy back on "respectability" of International Standards Organization, to buy the impression that it's an open standard.

But ISO makes money by selling standards so we ended up in this situation when the spec for "open" standard that Adobe wants to be adapted costs $100+ to buy.

I guess Adobe at some point figured out this is stupid and made the spec available for free.
Usually they aren't because of timestamps, processor features etc. After quite a bit of work Debian is now at 96% (or 93% when varying a few more things)

https://tests.reproducible-builds.org/debian/reproducible.ht...
Or this (used share search feature in Kagi, which works for everyone)

https://kagi.com/search?q=criticism+of+git&r=us&sh=-Tk-oKViO...
A Mastodon instance is kind of heavyweight. The caching/media seems painful. I seem to recall it is a Rails app which is not the most efficient.

Akkoma was a forward and more resource-efficient variant built in Elixir. Last I checked.

There are a gajillion *key forks. Think Misskey was the starting point.

Honk seems fun and is in Go.

Fediverse is not one software package. Mastodon is. Many are Mastodon-compatible.
Good article!

“Therefore, the detailed visual information you’re getting is from the car in front of you, but the information of interest is outside of your focus.”

This must be one of the reasons you get fatigue and exhaustion during traffic rush hour due to so much visual information.
not your fault, the computer security community and crypto defi community just say "nation-state nation-state nation-state" as often as they can these days. I think it's because "the United States" which is made up of little states that-are-not-states internationally, has ruined the word "state" for the thing they want to talk about, the financial equivalent of state-sponsored-terrorism for example.
See the thing is they do and you don’t. If you don’t know and understand why waymo is far ahead of elons lies and will never catch up with its current tech direction and strategy for supervised fsd (which is an oxymoron) then you should only be disappointed in yourself.
If you’re so confident of the tech go jump in the back of a Tesla and let it drive you 100kms. Let’s see if you live to tell the tale. I’m happy to also do the same but in a waymo.
The sole possible privacy are mandatory FLOSS and open hardware.
Kirill Gerstein played it Friday in his Tschaikowsky concert in Dresden. I didn't like it that much, compared to Tschaikowsky's 1st and a Rachmaninoff. And the two modern pieces by Fagerlund and Lutosławski. Esp. Fagerlund blew away all the others.
People can push content creator content to the Fediverse to enable consumption off surveillance capitalism platforms.
A good summary of the pain points I have with Nix. I was introduced to it recently at DayJob because one of the engineers I work with is a huge advocate for it.

I think there's a good use case for a small subset of Nix + direnv to manage system packages for repositories. That's essentially what we use at DayJob - but all it does is install system packages necessary for a containerized workflow. However, even that level of complexity, even if it's just a small flake.nix and .envrc, can be cumbersome to end users and we actively seek to hide away that complexity as much as possible because anyone not a Nix expert that is presented to work with Nix is entering a deep rabbit hole of complexity that is probably ultimately unrelated to the problem they are trying to solve.

Part of this I think is a branding and documentation issue with Nix. As a counterexample: I work with Argo a lot and they handle this sort of situation better. There is ArgoCD, Argo Workflows, Argo Events, and Argo Rollouts. They are all under the Argo umbrella that do distinctive things with clearly demarcated roles. Unlike Nix, I never get confused when I'm searching for ArgoCD related docs. I don't have to worry that I'm going to happen on Argo Rollouts related stuff and somehow not understand that Argo Rollouts is not the piece of Argo that I'm trying to use right now. The lines between each of the technologies are clearly demarcated and there is no confusion about the best way to do XYZ in each of them.

Not so with Nix - if I'm new to Nix and I'm looking up how to structure something in a flake, not only is there different setups/configs for a build tooling setup vs a package management setup, but even within a build tooling setup for instance there are probably 4-5 canonical different ways to configure things, all with a ton of decisions. Heck, if I'm new to Nix it is probably not even immediately obvious that I should be doing it with a flake instead of The Old Way, and I might even start implementing something using The Old Way before finding out buried in some Github issue from years ago that I'm Doing it Wrong

Thing that makes Nix amazing: It's infinitely customizable and welcomes that philosophy

Thing that prevents Nix from succeeding: It's infinitely customizable and welcomes that philosophy

TL;DR Nix favors configuration over convention, oftentimes to its detriment

Final footnote. I am writing this on a personal x86 machine managed with nix-darwin. It functions, but the amount of nondeterministic calls out to homebrew and kludges required for it to work essentially defeats the purpose of managing the machine declaratively in the first place. All of the following extremely popular softwares available in nixpkgs - 1Password, VSCode, Firefox, Docker Desktop - don't work out of the box on this machine and require either compiling the package yourself, jumping through some hoops to get it to work with MacOS code signing, or require you to just entirely ignore the Nix aspect and have Nix shell out to Homebrew. There are also quite a few binaries of packages that are simply unavailable in Nix.
What a great article, thank you for sharing it!
This is why Satisfactory works for me, but factorio doesn't: even though it's supposedly also a factory buildering, it's really much more of a world exploration game that happens to have factory building, but you don't have to build "a perfect factory" to get anything done, or unlock things that let you explore better. I can just throw down some buildings and link them up haphazardly and that strategy kind of works all the way up to near-enough-to-the-end to keep the game a fun running/driving/flying with occasional bouts of production line management, rather than feeling like I'm just doing work that a computer could do way better.
Honestly, I knew this before I knew I had ADHD.

I was in a situation that at least felt “life or death” when I was ~15. In retrospect, it wasn’t that big of an issue, but for me at the time it was an absolute emergency. When the situation became apparent to me, it was like flipping a switch: my mind went completely silent, time seemed to slow, and my emotions kinda faded into the background. I knew they were there, but rather than experience them I only saw how I felt about things as data to make a decision.

Since then I’ve been in a handful of situations that made me feel that way. One of those was a potential car accident where I was able to analyze and react to a dangerous situation in time to pull off a crazy maneuver where I drove up on an (empty) sidewalk at ~40MPH and get back on the pavement before hitting a culvert, with about 12” to spare.

In everyday life, the sooner the deadline, the more work I have left to do, and the larger the consequences of not getting it done in time - the less I have to struggle with focus/attention.
I'm pretty sure I know where you are coming from, but I disagree with your interpretation.

The centralized trust model does not require mainframes connected-to by dumb terminals. We need only look at how Visa in its first few decades used carbon copy devices and signatures, along with eventual consistency across a network of mainframes, to gain market power.

"The trust problem is easy to solve" is laughable, as you well understand by the need for "the law enforcing it and the schools teaching it to the masses."
Then jump in the backseat if it’s gobsmacking and just as good as a waymo. Tell it to drive you to the other side of the city while you sleep in the backseat. Put your money where your mouth is.
She does speak of aliasing.
I've only been using it on my test machines (none of which persist for more than a few days or a week or two of testing), but that is concerning. Might go back to just having a few different usb sticks.
You would expect there to be lot more people making their living in many passion fields say sports, gaming, music, art and writing... There is lot of young people there, but in the end those making reasonable living is small fraction...