skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Joe Rogan only shows interest to conspiracy and contraversy, so I don't think he would invite a guest to pontificate about science and medicine that could be benefitial to humankind.

But it is an interesting drug:

>> The protein, now called mTOR, was originally named FRAP by Stuart L. Schreiber and RAFT1 by David M. Sabatini;[6][7] FRAP1 was used as its official gene symbol in humans. Because of these different names, mTOR, which had been first used by Robert T. Abraham,[6] was increasingly adopted by the community of scientists working on the mTOR pathway to refer to the protein and in homage to the original discovery of the TOR protein in yeast that was named TOR, the Target of Rapamycin, by Joe Heitman, Rao Movva, and Mike Hall
I understand where you're coming from, but in the long run it'd be a great thing to see this kind of boom in the U.S. If only a tiny fraction of the gobs of cash that are being shoveled into political ads right now were going to some of these influencers to promote train travel instead...
Related:

Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s FLIP vessel decommissioned after 60 years - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37072588 - Aug 2023 (51 comments)

A ship that flips 90 degrees for precise scientific measurements - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15078094 - Aug 2017 (75 comments)

"Flip", the vertical ship, marks 50 years at sea - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4193185 - July 2012 (34 comments)

I felt sure there was a more recent one but I think I got it confused with this:

The Joides Resolution may have sailed its last expedition - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41785543 - Oct 2024 (3 comments)
Kern Type Game
This may sound clever, but it fails the experimental tests.

In most modern grammar theories and already in some of the works of the Ancient Greeks and Romans, a group of words is recognized as having the same nature if any of those words can be substituted for another of them in a given sentence.

Given the sentences (which have one-to-one correspondences in the ancient languages):

I see zero sheep. (In Latin, "null-" is the word stem for zero.)
I see one sheep.
I see two sheep.
I see three sheep.
...

both a modern grammarian and also some of the ancient ones will conclude that zero, one, two, three ... have the same nature.

So zero was a concept that represented a certain quantity of sheep.

The Romans might have not used the word "number" in reference to zero, but there is no doubt that they understood the concept of a set whose members are 0, 1, 2, 3 and so on.

The proof is that the normal way of saying "some" in Latin, i.e. an unknown number that is at least 1, was to say "not zero", i.e. by identifying the subset 1, 2, 3, ... with the complement of the subset that contains 0 in the set of what now are called natural numbers.

While they did not have standardized words for concepts like set, subset, complement, membership or quantifiers, these concepts of the modern set theory were nevertheless well understood by the educated people in the Ancient World as they were studied within Logic a.k.a. Dialectic.
NimConf 2024 Playlist
You could also employ a different filesystem like ZFS or btrfs in tandem with the symlink-swapping strategy to achieve things like deduplication. Or, once you have deduplication at the filesystem level, just construct a new complete duplicate of the folder to represent the new version and use renaming to swap the old for the new, and poof -- atomic changes and versioning with de-duplication, all while continuing to be able to use standard filesystem paradigms and tools.
A Game Built by Claude
Grammar samplers are clever! But in the case of a missing escape character you’ll end up with a corrupted string.

Take for example:
"A dog says \"Woof!\""

With a grammar, you’ll end up with "A dog says " when the model forgets to escape.

Which is valid JSON, but not what the model intended.

So it’s usually better to catch the exception and ask the model to try again.

Unless you’ve come across a sampler with backtracking? That would be cool
Challenges deploying PostgreSQL (9.2) for high availability
Tired of endlessly highlighting text just to copy it? Now you can copy (and save) any text in just two clicks.

Now, there are similar extensions but none like this as they either require you to manually highlight or have the ability to only copy a line or a paragraph.

This gives you the power to copy any amount of text and the main limitation is how fast YOU make the two clicks! Give it a try and I know you'll be surprised!
You'd think they could give a less-scary warning for like, the first week after expiration. It's not really any less secure 2 days past expiry than it was 2 days before, and a grace period would give the host a bit more time to address these issues.
I often travel from Switzerland to Scandinavia or Finland by train, so a journey of about 30 to 40 hours.

There are frequent delays, especially in Germany [0], but it was always easy to get a confirmation from the railway companies, and I was always able to take a later train. I never had to pay more, and I even got quite a bit of money back if the delay was relevant. Even if I booked the tickets at different operators.

I also usually use a buffer of about 4-5 hours in the middle of the ride. This can compensate some delays, and if on time, it's nice to visit whatever city you are in.

[0] I heard that some Swedish trains are too slow for the express connections in Germany. The trains must take detours or stop every few hours to let the faster trains pass.
> We don't have a clue how to make a computer capable of System 1 thinking.

I think you’re overthinking this. System 1 thinking as the term is being used by AI researchers means making a fast decision based on reasoning processes that are wired into your brain by evolution. For any task that humans have faced for millions of years this works well. It can also work well for experts in a domain who have practiced a task so many times that their brains have adapted to perform it unconsciously.

System 2 thinking is consciously using explicit reasoning techniques to think through a problem, slowly and rigorously, often in ways that feel unnatural due to our cognitive biases but can solve problems that System 1 is unable to.

The analogy to LLMs is straightforward: LLMs learn to solve many kinds of complex problems during training and encode processes for those specific problems. They can then perform these tasks in a single forward pass through their weights. This is System 1 for LLMs and again, works well for any task that they were exposed to repeatedly during training.

However they don’t generalize to tasks that were not well represented in the training data. Training them to use explicit reasoning strategies instead (System 2) is shown to improve performance and let them solve a broader range of problems.
Somehow the comparison with Journada reminded me of Moto Lapdock - designed as a mix of laptop and mobile world and utterly bad at everything.

[0] https://www.slashgear.com/motorola-lapdock-100-review-311918...
LLMs do not write information dense content
Because there is no political gain for him in this story.
The vast majority of Chinese characters aren't ideograms.
/dismissive handwave

I think you and the other person are reading far too deep into one person's contentment with a humble living space. It's clear they are safe and comfortable; that doesn't translate in any way to suggesting other places where this living style (sans electricity or safety) should just pick themselves up by their bootstraps.
> except with very large font size and up close

Yeah, it's hard to say what the determinative factors were because her general visual acuity was so low that she generally needed very large fonts very up close anyway. My mom and my sister and I also have this condition and rely on magnification to varying degrees (and for various reasons— sometimes it's truly about acuity but sometimes larger sizes/bolder fonts are a clumsy way to try to make up for contrast issues). But even those of us with usable central vision generally need large fonts anyway. We're also all, for reasons I think are mostly incidental, naturally myopic (although my mom is no longer nearsighted but farsighted (with low acuity— she's legally blind)).

> Was your aunt able to read normal print besides titles?

No. Even titles, like titles of chapters in a paperback, she could likely only read with magnification. And that's if she could get enough contrast at all. At some point, screens become much easier to read than paper, even at equal sizes.

I should learn more about the precise anatomy because it's interesting, but currently I know more about the subjectivity of it than the mechanics.

> By the way, while it is true that cones are far more densely packed in the fovea, their function is color vision, not central vision. Rods are responsible for motion perception and vision in low-light environments.

There may be other factors in these inherited retinal dystrophies that affect the way their progressions affect field of view, idk. But what I said about which areas are first distorted for cone-rod dystrophies is true, and its reverse is true for rod-cone dystrophies (i.e., retinitis pigmentosa), where people with that condition lose their peripheral vision first and their field of view shrinks from the outside-in. My assumption so far has been that this corresponds to those density differences you mentioned.

> Rods are responsible for motion perception and vision in low-light environments.

I do know that much. :)

One of the features of this illness that's very prevalent for me and my sister right now is extreme light sensitivity, presumably because our eyes rely increasingly on their rods even during the daytime and even in high-light environments. One related I've written about on HN before is how the need for lower total light emission pushes both of us to high-contrast dark themes with the lowest brightness possible. OLED screens are really nice when your rods are in better shape than your cones!

One that I don't think I have is that my colorblindness has been getting worse over time. The last time I took a colorblindness test (administered by a medical professional, at my retinal specialist's office), I could hardly read any of the Ishihara plates at all. (When the doctor came in, he asked me if I only saw in black-and-white, which I found mildly irksome but very amusing. I laughed about it with my family afterwards. I do still see many colors! I just have trouble distinguishing a lot of them, too.) My sister, who was not colorblind at all when she was growing up, is now also colorblind, about as much as me based on her tests.
This problem inspired this program at Williams college. The locals get the opportunity to interact with the students by attending or hosting functions.

One of the functions is each student presenting their country and their interests.

Always got the sense the program is to train public officials on proper methods of government.
I... Don't know how. The wheel cover issue had a service bulletin sent out to owners, and the suspension being stuck in the lowest position got an over the air update with a big notification. Those at least should've been known to you.
Ive been working in healthcare for a few years now and yeah, most of the stacks I encounter are similarly simple and get by fine while generating millions in revenue.
Actually writing the content is usually the easiest part.

98% of writing these articles is research. Current LLMs are nowhere near good enough.
Are you saying people in those countries will have a problem finding worthwhile investments?

The US spent ~$6 trillion in one year, 2023 [0] on ~330 million people. Billions live in the Global South and are in much greater need of resources, due to lack of accumulated capital investments.

[0] https://www.cbo.gov/publication/59727
We've since changed the URL (see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41965323).
I think the top-level spreadsheets are accurate - it's the spreadsheets five layers down that might have errors (intentional and otherwise).
you are right, i changed it to "acceptable visual changes".
To be fair, everyone with a commute who had or has to sit in endless traffic is turned off from driving on public roads and wishes there were fewer vehicles or that they were the only one on the road.
Healthcare, education, housing, food ...
The Next AI Directory
I made a directory of AI directories. Calling it "The Next AI Directory". I'm really bad at names so just copied the name of my previous project "The Next AI Tool".

I've manually curated the directories and added a small DR detail so you can see the domain rating before visiting them.

There are 72 directories right now but I'll be adding more when I come across. If you have an AI directory feel free to submit.
One must always assume anything an LLM outputs is false until proven otherwise, not the opposite.
Everybody will wear Ed Hardy again?
At first glance that seems reasonable, thanks for the reply.

I've seen enough subtle security issues that I still wouldn't trust that despite it seeming ok, but it does seem ok.
Indeed, plenty of countries engage in a bit of strategic development. Plenty of countries aren't belligerent communists though. Communism brings the state direction of industry to another level and with Xi as the new leader for life means they'll be extra implacable.
I have issues with people pushing anti-science that can lead to harms. I have issues with Teicholz for this reason in the same way I have issues with Andrew Wakefield.

By "imaginary interlocutor" I was referring to a misreading of the parent reply, not mine. This was the person who said:
"Anyone else have alternative takes on cholesterol based on personal experience?"

The question is then whether when that person said "alternative takes on cholesterol" they meant "alternative takes on the function of an individual molecule of cholesterol" and not "alternative takes on the significance of high serum cholesterol". Considering their next two bullet points refer to high and low levels of serum cholesterol, I thought it was fairly obvious.

Apparently it wasn't for some people, and those same people are then claiming that making this clear is some sort of dodge/goalpost shift/deceptive behaviour. But it clearly isn't. If you read the above, where someone was obviously referring to high serum cholesterol, and in response someone says "cholesterol by itself isn’t harmful", is it reasonable to quote that claim and ask for evidence, by which you mean "I want evidence that high serum cholesterol isn't harmful"? If it is reasonable, which I believe it is, then no deception, goalpost shifting or correcting has actually taken place here.
> more affordable housing to deflate the market

hard yes

> affordable off-ramp to downsize,

I mean yes, but the hidden cost is moving outside of your support network. Downsizing is often very lucrative.
The vast majority of Chinese characters are phonetic compounds, not ideograms. There are only a few hundred ideograms.
What does HN do about these fake accounts playing some kind of SEO spam game?
Note: doing this manually every day (breaking the circuit) can increase the risk of damaging your installation.
United Airlines did the same to me. Blamed late takeoff on bad weather, but weather was gorgeous that day in SW USA. Resulted in a number of rebookings as well. Was a business trip, so I thankfully did not bear the financial brunt.

Learned that United airlines is not to be trusted. Not viable, in your terms.
This is incredibly unrealistic. Imagine hundreds to thousands of individuals scraping thousands of websites, DDoSing them because their mid-tier “open source” LLM project gave them a list of links to “recreate” their dataset. It’s far more sustainable to create a dataset filled GPL, public domain, and other permissively licensed data rather than nuke half the Internet’s bandwidth. And that’s ignoring the fact that scraping it yourself does not actually grant you a permissive license, that’s like saying that by watching a movie in theaters you have a legal right to sell that movie.
Is it really cookie clicker but you can build your industry with real money?
> it is not WW3

Of course it is.
Nothing left to solve
Definitely. Reckon it'll take a fair while though.
Not judging technically, but there are reasons I wouldn't touch it with a 10 meters pole.

https://archive.ph/TLwch
Ok, but that criterion is true for human-generated output as well.
Ordinary consumer equipment already accelerates electrons enough to produce X-rays. Or at least, it did, back in the CRT era. This accelerator is presumably more powerful than consumer entertainment hardware.
Look at Debian's official instructions for how to upgrade to a new major release. The wiki page begins with this casual disclaimer:

"DANGER!!! DANGER!!! DANGER!!! DANGER!!! DANGER!!!

DANGER!!! DANGER!!! DANGER!!! DANGER!!! DANGER!!!"

The release notes for each version has the detailed instructions for how to upgrade from the previous version. They very strongly emphasize backing up the entire system, because the upgrade process is absolutely not guaranteed to leave the computer in a state that works correctly or boots at all, and there is no way to undo it.

That's what's different about NixOS: if the new configuration doesn't work properly, you can just choose the previous configuration in the bootloader menu. It's as straightforward and foolproof as switching to another branch in a Git repository. The whole point of NixOS is that you can have any number of system configurations in the Nix store and switch between them in a way that's atomic in the transactional sense.

If you know how Nix works, you can feel safe turning off the power supply at any point during a full system upgrade. You'll never end up in a state where half of the packages are upgraded. It's either upgraded or not. As far as I know there's no other distribution that works like this other than GuixSD.
In Appreciation of David Burnham
While Locutus is an improvement on the previous Hyphanet model, I'm still concerned about the caching model. In Hyphanet, data would be cached the more it was used, and peers connected over multiple hops. This had the potential to cause huge headaches as authorities began investigating issues such as CSAM, because their understanding of how caching and requests work did not match up with how it actually worked. While, certainly, one could build a subset darknet, all it takes is one bad peer to expose the whole darknet to prosecution.

I played with Freenet when it first came out, but when I realized the implications of this -- which later turned out to be true -- I destroyed the hard drive I had been using to run Freenet, just in case.

Locutus seems less aggressive about caching data, but it still does some caching. Without really digging into the documentation or source code, I'd still be nervous about running it.
Well, what doesn't make any sense to me is why COMAC let Bombardier sell Airbus the A220.

That jet has lots of sales, and half ownership with production rights would be fantastic for COMAC.
The answer above was apparently 'protectionism'. If we're only putting tariffs on EV cars from one country, then how is protectionism the simple answer?
> until you're confident that no browser could reasonably be still loading version X of the page

During experiments of this stuff at a big company (which saw a large portion of the web during this time):

- we saw most (>80%) of users staying on a web app ~2-3 days (most likely skewed from people leaving tabs open over the weekend).

- 95% was ~2 weeks

- 100% was about 600 day (yes, apparently we had users with a tab open for nearly 2 years)

If you are seeking 100%, you are going to be waiting a while.

: this is 100% from memory, I don't work there anymore.
> Does the fact that a lens has a single focal point get in the way of keeping depth information ?

No, really single lens have separate focal point for each wavelength, but achromatic optical system in SLR have at least two lenses, so they have range of frequencies for which focal points are very close to one designed point.

Mirror optical system don't have chromatic distortions, but in SLR case lens just cheaper to produce.

Lytro using other idea - light field from short distances is not square but rounded (square light field from distant stars, because of very large distance, so radius too large to see rounding), and in Lythro each point seen via prism by few pixels (each angle with other pixel), so could measure distance to light source and using this info, restore distance information.

Unfortunately, Lythro technology means, with few Megapixels CCD, will have just some hundreds Kilo-pixels restored image, so in reality, need some hybrid approach, where will be classic high-resolution 2D and some sort of depth sensor. Plus, need additional processing power to calculate restored image.
So yes, in reality, latest Lythro camera using huge CCD and very powerful processor, all too expensive for COTS (but acceptable in some cinema niches).

Anybody could make Lythro-like setup from ordinary lens and CCD (and make calculations on for example Raspberry), but now Lythro patents prohibited to make money on this.
Genuinely, I'm curious to hear from OP if you explored using filesystems that can provide de-duplication, snapshots, versioning, and compression and compared that to the SQLite approach. It would be interesting to get your take on the comparative benefits of SQLite compared with an approach that uses a more advanced filesystem like ZFS or btrfs. Once you have a filesystem that can de-dup, atomic changes are more or less a matter of building up a directory with the new version first and then swapping one directory for another with a rename. Though I assume there may be a small race condition in between the two directory rename calls. I don't know if there's a standard call to tell the filesystem "mv current old && mv new current" in one shot.
Another good reason to limit Starlink satellites.
Related:

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/05/nyregion/david-burnham-de...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Burnham
> you’re whining, lashing out, and attacking people who are trying to explain it

I think you’re assuming that all of the comments you’re talking about are written by the same person, when they’re not. I haven’t been attacking anyone, and I don’t think I’ve replied to anyone who’s tried to explain it.

> things you purposefully know nothing about and refuse to learn

Why do you still assume I don’t know what they are? I’ve already pointed out that my belief that s-expressions are arcane doesn’t mean I don’t know what they are.

As another illustration of my point, I just stumbled across this comment on another post:

> But maybe the whole "ease of use" budget is blown by using a Lisp in the first place.[0]

The fact is that Lisp syntax is understood by relatively few programmers, which meets the definition of arcane. You immediately flying off the handle when someone calmly points this out will not help your goal.

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41965178
For those handwaving that "it's a dead heat", I'm genuinely curious: how do people explain that national polls are 48% to 48% but everyone expects Trump to lose the popular vote? It's estimated he may lose it by as much as 10 million votes.
so you grab one of everything surrounding your target product you wish to buy and ditch everything else at the endcap. they gonna change the price of a popular product in the store 3 other people grabbed at a lower price at the same time in store?

if they are going to game digital prices, they can be gamed back as well, no?
Like other publications in their category, they occasionally produce a good one that makes for a decent HN submission.

Looking at https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que..., it's clear that a bunch of those were too sensational for good HN threads, but there are definitely some worthy threads in there. The recent one on Google Books, for example: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41917016.