skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
AI researchers need to read more cognitive science. It is genuinely embarrassing how often you see "Thinking Fast and Slow" + some 50-year-old paper as the only citations, because this statement:

In human cognition theory, human thinking is governed by two systems: the fast and intuitive System 1 and the slower but more deliberative System 2.

is intuitive, psychologically seductive, and blatantly wrong.[1] There is no scientific distinction between System 1 and System 2, the very idea is internally incoherent and contradicts the evidence. Yet tons of ignorant people believe it. And apparently AI researchers sincerely believe "ANN inference = System 1 thinking." This is ridiculous: ANN inference = Pavlovian response, as found in nematodes and jellyfish. But System 1 thinking is related to common sense found in all vertebrates, and absent from all existing AI. We don't have a clue how to make a computer capable of System 1 thinking.

This isn't just pedantry: the initial "System 1 = inference" error makes "System 2 = chain-of-thought" especially flawed. CoT in transformer LLMs helps solve O(n) problems but struggles with O(n^2). The observation that a O(n^2) problem can be broken down into n separate O(n) problems is ultimately due to system 1 reasoning: it is obviously true. But it is only obviously true to smart things like humans and pigeons. Transformers do not seem smart enough to grasp it: system 2 thinking must be "glued together" by tautologies or axioms, and we can only recognize tautologies or discover axioms because of system 1. If the problem is more complex than O(n) these tautologies and axioms must be provided to the LLM, either with a careful prompt or exhaustive data.

Kahneman's book has been largely repudiated on the science. That doesn't mean it isn't a useful way to understand the kinds of errors humans make in decision-making. But it does make the book useless for AI researchers: I believe AGI is well over 200 years away, because going all the way back to Alan Turing AI has simply refused to engage with the challenges of cognitive science, preferring fairy tales which confirm intuitions and trivialize human minds.

[1] https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/abstract/S136... and https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/a-hovercraft-full-...
To add to this, when I think of ordering I’m reminded of the NP complete traveling salesman problem. It’s easy to make a program to visit all locations, but optimal order is so much harder.

I suspect thinking is similar, which brings up questions about LLMs as well. We all can now quickly write hundreds of generic business plans, but knowing what to focus on first is still the hard part.
The thruster would quickly die out once the static electricity on the vessel created an energy well that matches the energy of the electrons thrust.

Instead use a powerful laser. Light carries momentum without the need to preserve charge.
Can't say I agree.
This is a very approachable introduction to Perceptrons and Multi-Layer Perceptrons with some minimal-dependency code used to illustrate the main ideas.
BTW if you browse YouTube with Firefox browser on Android you can play back YouTube videos with the screen locked using background player fix extension.
Except in German this is not a problem. The idea that you could say/hear a word and not know how to spell it doesn't even make sense in that context.
> A lot of Hacker News analysis of California reads to me like people who moved there 10 years ago and lack any context.

Exactly! And it's annoying.

In fact, looking at the activity this thread, I think most posters aren't even American, since the hours do not align with American timezones.

Heck, Unherd isn't prominent in the US as it's a uniquely British blog that's part of the UK Culture War.
Sure, that’s fair. I believe that ApoB-tagged lipoproteins are a causal agent in atherosclerosis via the mechanism laid out in the 2019 EAS consensus (that is, the response to retention hypothesis).

The full pathway and supporting evidence can be found here: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/24/2313/573522...
Tesla had $50 whatever billion worth of stock before his deal, they had it after the deal when Delaware ruled in the shareholders’ favor and they granted it to him again following the subsequent shareholder vote. It’s a real ‘flexible’ use of the word confiscate when the confiscating party never had a dollar of the confiscated funds…

I’m sure Elon is annoyed he has to follow basic corporate governance, but that’s kind of the point of governance.
Per the website, there's a GDPR mandate to allow the deletion of personal data.
And even without WAL (which you should absolutely be using if you're serving web content with SQLite) the lock for most writes lasts for a tiny fraction of a second.
All of this IT infrastructure exists to ensure the exact opposite of what you said. It ensures that rich people don't get to ride the bus for free.
All of this is easily done on a filesystem too. I would assume this is a performance tradeoff rather than features?
I don't read articles that skip over the early history of artificial neurons [1][2] and instead begin at a later point in time.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neuron#History

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Rashevsky
You've missed two key points

> I would like the possibility of creating and tweaking my own algorithm for my feed.

This would be really useful, and I think actually should be a right - like data portability. However it doesn't address the issue with the default view not being linear, and hence breaking the utility of such services as a public or community notice board.

> "And to be extra clear, "only show posts from people I follow, in chronological order" is an algorithm."

An algorithm is being used to serve content in that context, but content is not being removed, substituted, inserted or filtered by an algorithm in (the platonic version) of displaying a linear chronological feed. The are the issues which 'the algorithm' has been criticised for in the modern context. If we can acknowledge that's the intended usage here then we can move beyond semantics.

What happened on Facebook in 2012 is that Facebooks product changed from being one that served the affordance 'connecting people', to one that effectively divided people and charged to connect them in more limited ways. The impact of that one change (on FB and mirrored on other services) in creating the sensitisation and polarisation which followed, as well as removing the one major utility of social networks beyond pure entertainment, cannot be overstated.
Scientifically and clinically inaccurate, sorry. I’ve personally lived one of many counterexamples to what you describe, even though my ADHD is both quite clear and professionally diagnosed. Amphetamines have a complicated mixture of effects on me that’s often not positive overall.

My current psychiatrist knows ADHD quite well, and she and I found a better non-amphetamine medication solution for me. There are multiple common medications approved to treat ADHD which are not amphetamines, and for some people those are the best option.

Whenever possible, always discuss this topic with a suitably qualified and informed doctor instead of self-medicating (or self-diagnosing).
AI will help/hinder this depending on individual views.
We had pop tarts and cereals and carnation instant breakfast in the 70's and 80's and kids weren't fat. Not to mention fruit roll ups and koolaid and...
Introducing AI into education will be non trivial. This is difficulty is observable already in my experience.

When offering advice on how to learn how to program, I have to heavily recommend that students try their best to avoid the use of AI. Whereas previously the best advice I could give was to "build something", it is now possible to build a piece of software without understanding it at all. I have observed this myself with Rust; I have built a few programs now by repeatedly prompting AI models. I have even been quite engaged in designing the architecture, guiding the programs towards patterns that my intuition as a programmer says will be good for Rust too. The software works, but I can't help but feel I have learned nothing at all. Building something is now insufficient to learn, at least in the domain of programming.

I feel there will be far more compilations we will have to address in order to benefit from AI in education. That said, I am still optimistic that it will be a net positive force.
Damn, every day must be bleak with a mindset like this.
Contrary to Python, .NET can do plenty on its JIT and AOT compilers, and low level features used to support C++/CLI on the runtime.
In terms of performance, the content hash based file name approach is easier to implement with SQLite storage. The content hash has to be generated just once during file upload, not every time the web server is restarted (or using a build step which does actual file renames). It is possible to do it dynamically for file system files (see https://github.com/benbjohnson/hashfs for a embedFS implementation), but the database makes it a bit easier.
Exactly. Isn't it ironic?!
Do you use WebGL/WebGPU or the DOM?
You've got it backwards. The Heisig method is faster, and less work overall. It takes about 10 seconds or so to set an image in your mind of the scene for a character, then a handful of reviews over the following weeks. Then you never forget it.

Classical methods would have you drilling characters for hours upon hours of wasted time.
I use a dedicated alarm clock.

Recently, I have built my own: <https://masysma.net/37/dcf77_vfd_raspi_clock.xhtml>

Before that (and now for redundancy, I think my own one still has some minor bugs), I used a cheap one by "OK" <https://www.mediamarkt.de/de/product/_ok-ocr-310-2172968.htm...>.

I don't like that I have to mash some tiny buttons to set the "OK" up and also to stop it. The LED that shows that the alarm is active is also hard to read for me. Hence I tried to improve upon this in my own design. I also found a solution to avoid the backup battery, but it is probably not what the "general public" would like to have either :)
> Just like it doesn't matter that I frequently am uncertain about spelling for some words because we have spell check built into everything.

But it does matter that you don't know the spelling for some words. For one, you don't always have a computer to fix it for you. For two, the computer's spelling is often wrong and you need the human knowledge to fill that gap.
Discussed yesterday https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41953314
Yes, specialisation over decades. Perhaps almost as important: I started in the US, and still work almost exclusively for US clients.

In a world where I can work almost as easily 12 time zones away as 2, I'm not sure why these huge continental disparities still exist, but they do.
Deduplication can be achieved the same way as in sqlite, by keeping files indexed by sha256. There are also filesystems who provide transparent compression.

Seeing as you need some kind of layer between web and sqlite, you might as well keep a layer between web and FS who nets you most or all of the benefits.
My understanding is that the long glucose chains in starches are still more readily broken down by the human body than individual glucose-fructose bonds in sugar. I've heard conflicting stories about fructose by itself, too (maybe worse than glucose, maybe not; maybe a positive for satiety but depending on how it's timed etc.)
All boils down to

Your opinion. My Opinion. Legislators Opinion.
Not too hard to build your own. Lots of tutorials based on i.e. ESP32 chips, various blinky light options. Google "Adafruit clock" to get started.
> I am loading the file from disk. However, my disk has bandwidth higher than 1.2 GB/s, and the file is small enough to end up in cache. Thus we are already limited by the processor. And we are not yet doing any parsing!

I really wish the author would show some proof for claims like this. io is a complicated beast and it's not certain that the subsystem could go faster with the patterns the code is doing or not. Plus there's no indication of what else is going on simultaneously on the system, so perhaps a background job spin up and the disk is io bound. We don't know and it appears that neither does the author.
How would you compare this to existing tools in the space like https://github.com/FiloSottile/age?

Seems like age has multiple implementations (rust, go), has a permissive license, a public specification (https://github.com/C2SP/C2SP/blob/main/age.md) and the spec/core implementation is developed by someone with a history with cryptography (I don't know if you do, but there is no indication or name attached to the repo).

While many things can be built as a hobby or learning project I feel like cryptography is one of those spaces where you should be clear if it is that and if it is not you need to expressively argue its bona fides up front.
In the example at the start of the article, 烹, the contestant wrote "child" when the proper grapheme was "complete." That's a non-trivial error, even if it is only one stroke difference.
Ha, this is exactly right! It's 100% in u32 range and part of the private use reservations so wouldn't appear in the internet table unless such values aren't filtered by the provider and/or it's being used locally.

Originally I went to write your exact comment because it seemed the value in the article should fit at a glance and then I must have done the comparison check backwards because I started pasting the 2^32 value in the rest of my comment concluded it was actually too large when really I had just jumbled things about.

Thanks for setting my mind straight!
There’s not really anyone to endorse that doesn’t support it.
Personal anecdote only, but I'd suggest lack of sleep. Every time a kid is born, the total amount of quality sleep extant adults get drops.

(Kids, if you ever see this, I'm not saying it wasn't worth it. But seriously, 2AM every night for months?)
Israel launched way more attacks agaibst Lebanon than hezbollah ever did.

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/bfa9/liv...

Stop lying.
You are comparing a paramilitary with an literally commiting a holocaust, with shaban Al-dalou as a clear example.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/15/shaban-al-dalou-th...
DietPi released a new version 9.8
DietPi is a lightweight Debian based Linux distribution for SBCs and server systems, with the option to install desktop environments, too. It ships as minimal image but allows to install complete and ready-to-use software stacks with a set of console based shell dialogs and scripts.

The source code is hosted on GitHub: https://github.com/MichaIng/DietPi
The main website can be found at: https://dietpi.com/
Wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DietPi

The project released the new version DietPi v9.8 on October 17th, 2024.

The highlights of this version are:

NanoPi M3/T3/R5S/R5C, ROCK 4/4 SE, Orange Pi 3B/Zero 3/Zero 2W: Fixes for these boards
NoMachine: Upgraded to newest version installation
HomeAssistant: Start problems fixed
Raspotify: Start problems fixed
Folding@Home: Installation problem fixed
Fixes for Portainer, DietPi-Drive_Manager, DietPi-Services, DietPi-Config

The full release notes can be found at: https://dietpi.com/docs/releases/v9_8/
I don't disagree, just want to mention that as someone married to someone who supervises Phd students, they're not by any means "far beyond average professional"... but perhaps you're on a exceptionally highly regarded faculty where that may be the case.
Slightly OT, but really good to see London Centric on the front page of HN. Britain's local media has basically collapsed in recent years - it's now owned by three conglomerates (Reach, Gannett/Newsquest, National World) who are completely uninterested in any form of journalism, only in the sort of clickbait that would have embarrassed even Buzzfeed in its 2012 pomp.

The London Evening Standard was one of the last remnants of even slightly decent local writing, and that too has now been shut down in favour of a weekly lifestyle paper called "The Standard". But there's a small number of indie publishers who are trying to fill the gap: the Manchester Mill and Liverpool Post, Bristol Cable, Oxford Clarion, and so on. London Centric is an attempt by an ex-Guardian writer to do the same for London and I hope it succeeds.
Companies whose products’ licenses permit rugpulls exist because the company wants to have the option to rugpull. If you don’t want to have the rug pulled on you, don’t use products with such licenses.
Others in this thread are likely using their own metrics; my responses were all based on declining Flesch-Kincaid score of State of the Union addresses (from "20th" grade to 8th grade over 200+ years): https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41961710
Tangential value is still value :)

I agree in principle, just want to add a bit of nuance.

Lets take famous “lines of code” metric.

It would be counterproductive to reward it (as proxy of productivity). But it is a good metric to know.

For the same reason why it’s good to know the weight of ships you produce.
"Dreck" means worthless rubbish. Code that solves useless toy problems is worthless rubbish.
> Use git to manage versions of the static files

bad match -- git stores every version in the history forever. Do you really need every revision of a binary file, completely duplicated? big files, more bad
ChatGPT advanced voice mode can attempt Spanish with a Russian accent
The answer to your question is literally answered by my comment that you’re replying to. Frequentist statistics cannot be used to affirm the null. That is, you cannot say “cardiovascular deaths was not significantly associated, therefore SFA does not cause CVD mortality”.

So I’m not disagreeing with or omitting anything in the study. The study said no significant association with CVD mortality. Ok, no problem. That doesn’t mean SFA doesn’t cause CVD mortality.

However, the study does show that SFA is associated with CVD events. So there’s a significant finding. It’s not cherry picking, this is just how frequentist statistics works.
This is far more analogous to spelling mistakes.
This reminds me of some of the early linting tools that emerged around the time ES5 / node.js was blowing up. I found the defaults to be insanely distracting, giving me warnings about unused variables etc as I was still typing the code (of course it's unused, I just defined it!)

GitHub Copilot is similar, defaulting to provide suggestions to finish your LOC whenever you stop typing. While the AI tools can be very useful, the benefit is lost if I can't focus on what I'm writing.
Talking about fat seems to have been more attractive because it's more "obvious" (see also: how long we were stuck on wrong ideas about dietary cholesterol, and still seem to be about sodium). Also because there's more chemical variety in fats to argue about. You can have complete fats vs. fatty acids separated from a triglyceride backbone; you can have saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids; and each point of "unsaturation" (where there is a double bond between carbons in the "backbone" of the molecule) allows for cis/trans isomerism. With sugar you basically only have glucose and fructose, and chains thereof, to think about; and that also covers starches automatically.
One benefit they list is storing associated metadata in the database (specifically different types of hashes are mentioned) which is not so easy with a file system.

I think the bigger benefit though is the increased read performance on many small files (saving system call overhead). To which amount that applies to static files that a smart server might keep in cache, I don't know.
This. It's by @dansup@mastodon.social and if there's anything I've learned about this internaut it's that dansup delivers. The work on Pixelfed is exceptional.

Here's a development update from 10 hours ago:

https://mastodon.social/@dansup/113378164241466277

> I'm still working hard on @loops@pixelfed.social and aim to get the TestFlight and APK in your hands ASAP
Not the opposite, but the complementary, to be precise.
This is interesting as a toy and I'm sure the authors are having a lot of fun implementing their idea.

On the other hand, the state of art when it comes to performance is zero-copy from disk to NIC using io_uring and DMA, combined with NICs that support TLS & checksumming offloading and separated header and payload that can be filled independently by the OS and user-space.

I wonder if the authors of these projects ask themselves: what reasons are there to not do it like this? This thread has a few answers.
This sounds like a dismissal based on a personal anecdote, rather than knowledge of what can be (and increasingly is!) done in a school. Many working in education have encouraged more interactive and project-based learning, such as PLTW[1] in STEM, and others[2] in other areas. Of course, it turns out that designing that while also teaching 6-8 classes a day to a couple hundred students is rather challenging.

I wouldn't disagree that school isn't a place for being productive, if productivity is defined as "making something people want." By that definition all learning is unproductive.

[1] https://www.pltw.org/

[2] For maths, reference the works of Jo Boaler, Peter Liljedahl, etc.; most standards I have seen in social studies in recent years have inquiry as a key component, and I know several teachers who make use of projects there; there is often agency in choosing projects in art, particularly in upper grades; and so on.
Fonts you only pay for once
You can find many professional fonts in https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36793029, but almost all of them require expensive licenses or even monthly fees. swisstypefaces.com licenses include all formats with unlimited usage for a one-time fee.
Actually 4294967296 couldn't ever appear as the maximum value you can fit in the protocol field is 1 less than that... my problem here was I couldn't manage to keep the 2 numbers I was comparing (the one in the article and 2^32) straight haha! This was mistake was noted by a commenter here https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41963745

That said you're ultimately right that my upstream provider is filtering the 4294901866 value from the article as well anyways for the reasons you stated.
I have a (IMO bad) habit of looking away from my computer screen (at visual nothingness) when having concentrated discussions over video calls.

For whatever reason it’s just easier to talk when staring out the window at a tree than staring at a face on a screen. I call it a bad habit because it results in accidentally ignoring body language of the person on the other end

100% with phone calls. I typically just slowly pace around around my house when on a phone call without video.
That's absolutely false.

Australia and New Zealand are both in the sun and King Charles III is still head of the government of both Australia and New Zealand, and both are thus part of the British Empire.

The government of Australia is led on his behalf by governor-general Sam Mostyn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia) and the government of New Zealand is led on his behalf by governor-general Cindy Kuro (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand)
NewPipe can do this very nicely, it even lets you build a playlist of videos.
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https://varun.ch/posts/history/ :)