skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
1. Yes, the core of the algorithm is the modular squaring. The squaring is similar to a multiplication, of course. In general, the fast multiplication is implemented via convolution, via FFTs which results in a N x log(N) time complexity of the multiplication.

What we do is modular squaring iterations:

x := x^2 mod M,

where M== 2^p - 1, i.e. M is the Mersenne number that we test.

Realize that working modulo 2^p - 1 means that 2^p == 1, which corresponds to a circular convolution of size p bits. We use the "Irrational Base Discrete Weighted Transform", IBDWT [1] introduced by Crandall/Fagin to turn this into a convolution of a convenient size N "words", where each word contains about 18bits, so Words ~= p/18. For example our prime of interest M52 was tested with a FFT of size 7.5M == 1024 * 15 * 512.

The FFT is a double precision (FP64) floating point FFT. Depending on the FFT size we can make use of about 18bits per FFT "word", where a "word" corresponds to one FP64 value.

Some tricks involved up to this point are: one FFT size halving and the modular reduction for free because of IBDWT. Another FFT size halving because turning the real input/output values into complex numbers in the FFT.

The FFT implementation that we found appropriate for GPUs is the "matrix FFT", which splits the FFT of size N=A*B into sub-FFTs of size A, one matrix multiplication with about A*B twiddle factors, and sub-FFTs of size B. In practice we split the FFT into three dimensions, e.g. for M52 we used:
7.5M == 1024 * 15 * 512.

We implement in a workgroup one FFT of size 1024 or 512. These are usually base-4 FFTs, with transpositions using LDS (Local Data Share, local per-workgroup memory in OpenCL).

The convolution is formed of:

- forward FFT
- element-wise multiplication
- inverse FFT

After the inverse FFT, we also need to do Carry propagation which properly turns the convolution into a multi-word multiplication.

For performance we merge a few logical kernels that are invoked in succession into a single big kernel, where possible. The main advantage of doing so is that the data does not need to transit through "global memory" (VRAM) anymore but stays local to the workgroup, which is a large gain.

So, to recap:

- multiplication via convolution
- convolution via FP64 FFT, achieving about 18bits per FP64 word
- modular reduction for free through IBDWT

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_base_discrete_weigh...*
> Anyone who says this, has never played StarCraft.

Ha, I actually loved StarCraft back in the day, and RTS (or what's left of it) is still one of my favorite genres today.

> In practice, some things a much faster with the mouse. You see something, and immediately you can move your cursor there.

I get that, and while it may apply for gaming, that's not always the case for editing text or programming. For one, the keyboard is the primary input device you rely on while editing text. Switching away from it to use the mouse (or touchpad, Trackpoint, etc.) requires conscious effort. Whereas in gaming, particularly with RTS games, your hand is on the mouse most of the time, so there's no context switching.

Yet even RTS games rely heavily on keyboard shortcuts. In competitive gaming, skill is measured by APM (Actions Per Minute), and using both keyboard and mouse efficiently is a critical part of that. I would say that the keyboard is even more important than the mouse, though.

Take a look at this video[1]. Notice that the mouse is only used to select units, issue commands on specific targets, and ocasionally scroll the map. The keyboard instead is used constantly, and even exclusively for short periods of time.

Obviously, text editing and programming proficiency is not measured in APM. We spend much more time thinking about the content than how we input and manipulate it. But if we can remove any friction between using our tools and our output, then this is worth pursuing since this friction adds up over long periods of time.

> Text selection is also faster, given the text to be selected fits on the screen.

I'm not so sure. I can select a word, line, sentence, paragraph, or text between braces in a fraction of the time and effort it would take me to do the same with the mouse. It would also be much more precise.

> Some people learned computing before GUIs existed, and that shaped their opinions, but at this point that claim is just a meme repeated over and over on the internet forums.

That could well be the case, but the history of GUIs and mouse input dates as far back as the 1960s and 70s. Vi, Emacs and Vim were created in the 70s, 80s and 90s, after GUIs were popularized or during that process. Maybe there are legitimate reasons for people to prefer keyboard input beyond it being just a meme?

> However, my principal criticism to your point is: any text editor that allows you to use the mouse, also has keyboard shortcuts. It's never one vs the other.

That's true, and viceversa as well: any editor heavily focused on keyboard shortcuts also allows mouse input. My preference for keyboard input has nothing to do with my editor choice, I just never feel the need to rely on the mouse. This is why I wanted to better understand why someone would prefer mouse input, and why text editors like Acme would be specifically built for this kind of workflow.

[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bexWuHmV32A
That's the one where Carrie complains about the fact the shower at the toilet are above each other.
For some niche segments, yes.
I recently began delving into radio bands like SW, MW, and LW again after decades of abstinence. Here in Europe, there's a shocking amount of propaganda on these bands, most of it Chinese in various languages. You will barely find anything in English, German or French that is not leaning towards China or Russia, except for that American christian radio station talking about Jesus.

It appears that the west has decided to leave those air bands to foreign influences. Those propaganda stations also do not appear to care much wether a band is deemed an amateur band in your country or not.
This reminds me of the time I didn't sleep for 36 hours straight to start and complete a Computer Vision course final assignment and aced it with an A+ because I did way better than others consistently working on it for 2 months. I still don't know whether to be happy or sad about it.
It's that the East Coast is particularly dense compared to the rest of the country, and has a lot of walkable cities.

So you can take a train to New York, or DC, or a number of lesser cities, and not need a car when you arrive.
> Social security will be topped up from the general fund, this is a given.

I do not think you understand the magnitude of the funding gap that is coming. It’s on the order of needing to double or quadruple the SS tax, and will be large enough to significantly impact quality of life for workers.

I don’t think it’s out of the realm of possibility that people able to work balk, especially given that previous and future generations were never taxed this hard for the elderly.
That's entirely the fault of the English language. The same term when translated into many other languages (including my first language) creates no such confusion - because they have different words for free as in free beer and free as in free speech.

The point here is that that linguistic peculiarity in just one language doesn't make the word 'free software' invalid or unsuitable, as long as 'free software' is a recognizable term (which it is). This is why FSF makes this explicitly clear with an entire article.
I think any idea about how to avoid this problem could be very valuable, so I don't think anyone is going to give the solution for free. That is why I asked for a way to pay real money for such research, for example establishing a prize when your system is able to resist all attacks during a week. I think that 10 million dollars would be a good prize.
What are you on about? No one thinks being constrained to a 15 minutes radius is a good thing, no one even wants that.

The issue is clearly with maga/qanon right-wingers who were told this benign left-wing talking point was in fact a plot to keep them in their homes.
Wouldn't a potential workaround be to create a new barebones repository and push the repacked one there? Sure, people will have to change their remote origin but if it solves the problem that might be worth the hassle?
https://archive.is/tjk6Q
> I don’t know if I have ADHD (though I recently had some tests done and am waiting on results)

Are those physical tests as in requiring lab results or questionnaires/quizzes?
I wish I had a choice
Or in Germany where now about half of the rides are on time.
Better Java Builds with the Mill Build Tool [video]
Some humans are more resistant than others.

LLMs aren't resistant at all.
If you dismiss valid points addressing the substance of the claim under discussion because of the tone it’s conveyed in, and that’s the epistemic framework you use to understand whether scientific claims are valid or not, then best of luck to you.

Personally, I think that’s hilarious. Enjoy your bacon and butter.
Demystifying Distributed Checkpointing
"producing as many of the components as possible in-house and integrating them."

So the complete opposite of modularity and repairability, and therefore, sustainability. When anything on the e-axle breaks, you'll likely have to replace the entire thing, which might well be uneconomical, so you'll scrap the entire car. Maybe part of the low cost is all the savings they make on repair documentation, etc.
Certainly does sound miserable - worse than in a seat on amtrak, let alone a roomette or bedroom.

However you can take the 1310 from LA to Phoenix, then half an hour wait before the 2245 to St Louis, and a 1h25 wait at 0720 for a St Louis to New York.

66 hours with 64 hours on the actual bus, miserable for both you and your fellow passengers.
What percentage of programmers on Hacker News haven't?

Flaunting your ignorant anti-intellectualism isn't a good look.

You do know this is 2024, you have Internet access, and you can just look shit up or ask ChatGPT to learn new things, instead of cultivating ignorance and pointlessly criticising programmers trying to raise awareness, share their experiences, and educate themselves and other people.

In case you've been living under a rock and didn't realize it, JavaScript, the topic of this discussion, is essentially a dialect of Lisp, with garbage collection, first class functional closures, polymorphic JSON structures instead of s-expressions, a hell of a lot more like and inspired by Lisp and Scheme than C++, and LOTS of people know it.
I am a small blogger and I don't think Google's next policy about "original content" results in killing "small bloggers". For example, since their change of policy, my audience doubled to ~800 visits per day.

My content is mostly not monetized, I have a few (2 or 3) links that are affiliation links and a page asking for donations. Both bring me no money at all. In total, I have ~400 posts about research on neurodegenerative diseases.

My software is a massively rewrite of HTMLy, the code is there:
https://github.com/JPLeRouzic/Coralie

Beware it's a buggy software!

justapack is a Wordpress site.

While I try to comply with Google's PageSpeed insights, it's not an obsession, I look at these results once every 3 months or if Google complains.

My site runs on a cheap shared VPN, its PageSpeed performance is 62%, justapack has 50%.

PageSpeed best practice on my site is 96%, on justapack it is 75%

PageSpeed SEO on my site is 100%, on justapack it is 92%

https://pagespeed.web.dev/analysis/https-padiracinnovation-o...

https://pagespeed.web.dev/analysis/https-justapack-com/4b0xw...
The 'free' in free software has a very relevant meaning that cannot be represented adequately by the alternative word 'fair'.
Very interesting, I have wanted to solve this issue for a while and it actually overlaps with the "routing" feature for pg_flo that I am working on. Basically you can make map what data gets routed to what table and column in the destination DB, example [1].

Would be curious to get your thoughts/early impressions.

[1] https://gist.github.com/shayonj/6105a6c7dde7a093ef55674fa966...
I do agree we are exposing way too many low level details to users these days. Probably because we expect an expert to be setting up these network services. The dream would be to have some low power appliance people can just plug in to provide a data persistence service for applications. Then applications just use that (discovered via zeroconf/avahi) for their "sharing" needs. Everything else should be bundled into the app and invisible to users just like it used to be.
After reading this first comment, is clear to me that it makes no sense to read. Flagged.
Rather than just making a conspiratorial post, could you explain these alternative theories and why you see this article as strong evidence against existing mainstream theories?
but then you'd be back to the problem of coordinating times again. if you want to meet a buddy for lunch at noon but your two noons are different, now you need to communicate your offsets to each other constantly. every time check would require precise location data, that seems bad for privacy.
Nice, micro evolution got demonstrated. Now it's time to show macro-evolution/speciation to actually observe emergence of new species.
How could it stem from anything else?

Agreed, but you need to keep it on a leash, or it will ruin your life.
Most Western European countries have networks of 300km/h trains; assume that’s what they’re referring to.
For mongoose I'll have to reread RTT first...

Assuming everyone gets full marks except for necessary* dings:

foxes 15 A
lions 22 B
leonine foxes 15 AB +haughty +at will
vulpine lions 18 AB ++ambition +at will

* Those in skins are get dings from both sides (AB) but in order to play their public persona must have some desiderata added back. (they are also not living at someone else's will, or they wouldn't be wearing the skin)

A: It is also characteristic of the great-souled man never to ask help from others

and to be haughty towards men of position and fortune,

He must be open both in love and in hate

and care more for the truth than for what people will think;

and speak and act openly

He will be incapable of living at the will of another, unless a friend,

He is not prone to admiration, since nothing is great to him.

He is no gossip,

B: He will not compete for the common objects of ambition,

or go where other people take the first place

He will be incapable of living at the will of another, unless a friend,

EDIT: Rikki, the valiant, the true, Tikki, with eyeballs of flame: pure lion (22); vs Nag & Nagaina: pure fox (15)

Note that as a good Victorian, Rikki goes where other people take the first place: ...he sat on all their laps one after the other, because every well-brought-up mongoose always hopes to be a house-mongoose some day and have rooms to run about in, and Rikki-tikki's mother (she used to live in the General's house at Segowlee) had carefully told Rikki what to do if ever he came across white men.
3 hours is about Osaka to Tokyo, a route that sees a massive volume of business travel on the bullet train in Japan, arguably far more than flying. SF to Seattle would be about 1300 km which is more like Hiroshima to Morioka, around 6.5 hours by train including a connection; I think at that point there'd be a split in favour of flying, but around a third of travellers would probably still opt for the train due to its comfort and convenience.
Peer Review: Predicting the Future
Offensiveness is certainly a sliding scale and infused by the culture of the recipients. I agree with OP that some thought should be given to a name to not inflict hurt unnecessarily but also wouldn't have caught moonshine as a term celebrating alcoholism (which is still one of the most damaging drugs available, c.f. David Nutt's Drugs without the hot air).
I've taken the California zephyr a few times over the last few years and it's a phenomenal experience. I'm hoping to do the Chicago-San Francisco trip in the coming years.

My fear is that some influencer/personality is going to start posting about the train system, and then it's going to become a crowded mess :P It feels a bit like a well kept secret right now. I think one of the things that makes it so enjoyable is that it's so uncrowded most of the time. I almost always get two seats to myself every time I take it (in coach). And there's somehow always a table available in the observation car whenever I decide to go there. Or you sit with someone and make a new friend :P

Would highly recommend!
I pay 42USD for 250Mbit in a larger Swedish city. What is that magic ISP I should be using?
A subway set is probably expensive, especially if you want a working train.

Almost everything set in London uses either the disused Aldwych Station on the Piccadilly Line, the disused Charing Cross station on the Jubilee Line, or the Waterloo and City line at weekends when it is normally closed — sometimes even when the setting ought to be a much larger train and style of station elsewhere.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldwych_tube_station#Use_in_me...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_tube_station#Use...

https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/filming-and-photography/fi...
no, people need to be able to program the browser without needing “tooling”
the simplification of speech and writing is a trend that had been going long before the advent of the Internet.
> Finding a way to reduce energy loss as electricity travels over transmission lines and across wires would profoundly change society. It would deliver nearly unlimited energy

Um... No. Transmission lines is not a serious use-cases of super conductors. I believe current loss rates are in the 2-5% range. Super conductors do not provide energy in and of themselves -- though they are likely a critical component to nuclear fusion, which would.
Anticircumvention laws are the backbone of big tech's business models. They're all about creating little digital fiefdoms with us as their serfs. They own the platforms, they have all the keys to the machines and they aren't interested in hackers taking away their control.

Same tech companies that used to reverse engineer and adversarially interoperate whether their competitors liked it or not. They're the ones lobbying now. They don't want others doing the same thing to them.
> just about any other country in the world.

Well the US is the 3rd largest country in the world, with the 3rd largest population, and in terms of rail tonne-km is also 3rd.

I.e. it sits where you'd expect, per sq km and per capita.

Passenger wise though it's 10th.
I think this is about mathematical theorems as in if you reject the axiom of choice, you can't use it to prove any other theorems either.
That’s all very well if you’re going thousands of km. For a plane journey that takes less than 3 hours, though, the train may still win, because the train doesn’t involve… airports. No getting to the airport, security, hanging around because the train is inexplicably an hour late (trains are sometimes late, but even in the worst systems not on the scale/frequency of plane lateness), no half-hour spent boarding the train, no taxi-ing, no sitting around for 20 minutes at the end while they get around to opening the train door, no walking through a km worth of airport.
FWIW I have ADHD and you've described exactly how I work as well. I wish I didn't need to have that pressure in order to get things done -- this work style has definitely been detrimental to my career. Meds do help somewhat but are still far from a complete fix. That's an awesome boss to be able to recognize how you work and maximize your utility. I've yet to have a boss like that. Anyways, good luck out there.
Capturing carbon from the air just got easier
I'd argue the family doesn't have the right to feel better at your expense, over something that was no one's fault.
Human speech is 54 bits per second (and that is surprisingly uniform across languages). Bandwidth from a consumer-grade EEG headband is maybe four bits per second. Something doesn't add up.
2. This was discussed to some length over the years on mersenneforum.org [1]. There is a lot of wisdom stored there but hard to find, and many smart & helpful guys, so feel free to ask there. This is an operation of interest because it's:

- involved in TF (Trial Factoring), including on GPUs
- involved in NTT transforms ("integer FFTs")

[1] http://mersenneforum.org/
But if the spacetime is moving, there’s local curvature. As in the two examples I gave.

So I’m not following.

Perhaps you could explain how either of those operates without being able to identify chunks of spacetime as moving.
Taking amphetamines will work for everyone with or without the extra step of adhd diagnosis
It breaks the issues, PRs, all the tooling and integration, …

For now we’re getting by with partial clones, and employee machines being imaged with a decently up to date repository.
I thought this was because Google don't build the kernel with many USB ethernet drivers?

CyanogenMod used to (I assume LineageOS still does). I recall being able to use a USB ethernet adaptor on my phone with CM because of this.

I haven't tested this in a long time. Perhaps I should!
That doesn't make sense because information is still costly to collect. It only loses value if everyone already knows it, but that's the opposite of what's going on here. Companies that collect and correlate this data keep their results guarded: it's literally the product that they are selling.
I think the separation makes sense. Scheduled meetings spread out through the day rather than grouped together and running efficiently is definitely a bad day for me.

But small, 2-5 minutes interruptions for a quick question never bothered like it seems to do with a lot of people here on HN. I can go back to my focus pretty instantly after a “quick question interruption”.
"(room-temp. superconductivity) would deliver nearly unlimited energy, turbocharge compute speeds, and introduce new and better ways to use computers and other electronics."

How so? It would save a few percent in transmission losses, make various quantum sensors possible/cheaper, just maybe, levitating trains, if it's cheap enough. Unlimited energy? lol.

I did a double-take when I checked the publication. I can't believe this is in the ACM journal.
I too wonder if the writing-is-thinking thesis holds. Does Han Kang (Nobel Prize in Literature, 2024) think through writing? Have I read something thrilling, funny, mysterious, spiritual, or revealing of human nature written by PG? No. He may well be correct about a particular subset of writing, but I do not take his views as authoritative about writing in general (nor am I convinced that hackers are just like painters).
Germany's Mittelstand Is Collapsing
Because Americans prefer to fly?
> but it also made long stops to make way for cargo traffic.

This is a huge issue. Cargo trains legally have to yield to passenger trains, but in recent decades cargo trains have been made longer and longer, so they no longer physically fit into the passing sidings (which usually are built for 75 cars). It's a mess.
This article is wrong on so many levels! Or, you know, the author is optimizing for something else than what I am optimizing for. ;-)

> "House, car, work scenario"

To provide some context know that I live in a place where I've never even seen a car key that is intended to be placed on a key chain and where all offices have access cards.

So my key chain has only the house key. My other keys, which I almost never use, hang in a key cabinet with labels. No unnecessary weight to carry around, no ordering and orientation problems, great for keeping track of which key goes where.

Hope that helps! :)