skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It really depends. Economic comparisons are more complicated than can really be distilled down to one number that'd work for ranking all countries.

GDP comparisons in USD work really well when a large percentage of a country's economic activity is anchored to USD-denominated trade.

For some random heterogenous examples, if you want to look at Canada, China, or middle-eastern petrostates, comparing GDP in terms of the US dollar is probably your best metric, because their economies really are highly sensitive to changes in their currency's exchange rate to the USD, either due to the things they are reliant on buying from the USA (Canada), or the things they are totally reliant on selling to international markets (China, middle east petrostates)

On the other hand, for places like the European Economic Area, comparisons in terms of USD are quite a bit harder to justify, and this is where PPP can come in as (highly imperfect) alternative. The reason is that while they obviously are plugged into the global economy, they also do a much higher percentage of their economic activity in their own little economic bubble that's not as sensitive to their exchange rate to the USD. For example, European countries have had highly stagnant GDP in USD terms since 2008, and that does strongly affect things like multinational corporations, tech purchases, and energy prices, we're not really seeing any of the indicators on everyday life you'd expect from such a longterm stagnation, and that's because their economies really are growing, it's just that their currency is also losing ground against the USD even as they grow.

____________

TLDR: I'd compare Canada versus the USA in terms of USD, but I'd compare France versus the USA in terms of PPP. This decision really needs to be done on a per-comparison basis, and neither is really great, but for some comparisons one is much more appropriate than the other.
Please don't do programming language flamewar on HN. We've been trying since the beginning to avoid that here.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
As far as Chopin waltzes go, this is certainly not among his best. It almost feels unfinished. I wonder if he dashed it off quickly as a gift (suggested in one of the articles about it) rather than ever as an intent to have published.
The OSI announcment was riding the wave of the Netscape source code release announcement, and the wave even grew somewhat. Everybody wanted to talk about this new phenomenon, and now they had a good term to go with it: Open Source. The media coverage, as I recall, was huge. Not an ad campaign; actual media coverage.
Currency exchange rates matter for tourism, buying foreign goods, foreign investment, working in a different country, businesses that rely on international trade, and so on. International trade matters in just about every country, as we can see in countries suffering from trade sanctions.
Sure, if you don't care about sports, news, anything other than tech.

Bluesky literally just started and it already covers more things than mastodon ever did while providing a better UX without stupid technical limitations like not implementing global full text search.
The MIPS ThinkPad, kind of (2022)
>I've read the opposite; that brown rice is just white rice with the bran still attached, and that white rice was only eaten by the elite because of the additional work required to seperate it (like white bread only being for the wealthy during the middle ages)

I've read that, too, many times, and I stopped believing it after I watched videos (on Youtube) of people preparing rice the traditional way. Particularly, I paid close attention to the color of the rice after the processing steps: it was white with bits of brown stuck to it.

I searched for bookmarks for those videos, but cannot find them.

(I don't know about wheat: I only investigated rice.)
That shouldn’t be too hard these days. You can go the expensive route and use a raspberry pi but I know you can use something simpler. You can def do it for cheaper but an RPi does allow you internet connectivity and a buttload of other possible automations. Hell, add a zwave adapter and you can have the alarm flash your smart lights, and more!
Eh. If foreign carmakers want to compete in the US they can do what Toyota did and set up shop in the US. Employ Americans with market wages and under American labor standards.

We had a generation of globalism. It gutted the middle class.
> When updating an app, since there could be lots of files being updated, using a database would allow all changes to be done atomically in a transaction. This would prevent broken web pages from being served during a version change.

but....the SQLite file is locked against reads while writing in order to achieve serializable isolation. which sort of indicates you're better off doing your database work in an offline file, then just swapping the new file for the old one that's in production. which sort of indicates....just use a tar file, or a separate directory that you swap in to update the new content.

it is so much easier to serve static files statically rather than from some program that's trying to manage live SQLite connections and achieve some weird "update concurrency" magic when this problem is not at all that hard to solve. It's fine to manage your CMS in a sqlite database but when you serve the content live and it's static, use static files.
Maybe but currently lots of official government notices go out on Twitter and Instagram. Any ways nice work.
Org-Chef: Manage Cooking Recipes in Emacs
They were doing brilliant industrial design since well before Apple existed.
Cholesterol is a necessary part of every cell in our body. It allows flexibility of cell membranes despite variations in temperature, and also converts into steroid hormones.

LDL doesn't mean much, but rather the ratio of HDL:LDL. Low cholesterol is bad for the brain. Of course these are oversimplified statements.

There are known cases of older men with low testosterone level and high LDL, who after testosterone replacement therapy experienced a significant decrease in LDL. It's thought that the liver kept churning cholesterol in attempts to synthetize enough testosterone to no avail.

I believe that depression and cognitive dysfunction is a side-effect of too low cholesterol when people take statins, especially older folks, but excessive LDL also accumulates in arteries and lead to hypertension and/or diminished blood flow to organs, which itself leads to dementia, heart attacks, etc.
I hate this argument in business.

A goal not some metric that has to be met. It’s a goal, an aspiration to do something, not a deadline.

Most businesses ran by people who use goals as deadlines fail horridly.

This is one thing many of the major companies that are ultra successful have in common. They are ran by people who set goals, failed to meet the goal - and continued to move forward.
It's amazing how much bureaucracy they're willing to spend money on to means-test a fundamental service. If you just made transit free at the point of service you wouldn't have free cards for all under 16, and some over 16, and all over 60, and discount fares for people in poverty. Cities spend so much money outsourcing the IT for fare collection, and the administration of budget programs, and ultimately the experience is worse for the end users. It's a real case of the politically connected hoovering up tens of millions of dollars because suburban voters can't stomach a poor person getting to ride the bus for free.
Without a free and open Unix, Linus would be frustrated on whatever platform he would be using.
I hope he'll recover. He really makes math fun and interesting.

How can this happen? Did they get hold of his email
> Citation please or I'm calling extreme bullshit. Everything I've ever read has argued for putting more nutrient dense fruits and vegetables as the basis for a healthy diet.

pic from wikipedia named USDA pyramid 1995-2005: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_pyramid_(nutrition)#/medi...
I have a hard time believing this though. If there are no sheep, then would it really not be "obvious" to them that there are no sheep, i.e. zero sheep, or none to be found? What would have been their answer if not something akin to this?
I'm still not convinced. Goodhart’s Law is rooted in human behavior—once people know what’s being measured, they’ll optimize for that, often distorting the system or the data to hit targets. The article's solution boils down to “just do it right” by refining metrics and improving systems, but that’s easier said than done. It ignores the fact that people will always game metrics if their rewards depend on them. Plus, it conflates data-driven decision-making with performance evaluation, which are very different. The psychology behind Goodhart’s Law isn’t solved by more metrics tweaking.
>These predators are targeting children all so they can show a slide deck with numbers going up to secure their next round.

FTA (emphasis mine):

>Character.AI allows users to create characters on its platform that respond to online chats in a way meant to imitate real people.

Ms. Garcia's filing may argue that "Character.AI targeted her son... with anthropomorphic, hypersexualized, and frighteningly realistic experiences", but this doesn't reflect an accurate understanding of the technology or the platform. ("Anthropomorphic" also seems like a strange choice of word for a character apparently modeled on Game of Thrones, but whatever.)

Also FTA:

>Google re-hired the founders in August as part of a deal granting it a non-exclusive license to Character.AI's technology.

What "round"?

Moving on:

>There’s a character with 176M messages whose prompt is “your friend who is a boy who has a secret crush on you”

One could easily imagine plenty of motivations for that prompt that have nothing to do with predation or "targeting children". One could also easily imagine that it was, itself, written by an underage user.

Also, I don't see anything like that in the article.

I'm not even sold on the bot's culpability in the first place. Even putting aside the gun safety issue:

>When Sewell found the phone, he sent "Daenerys" a message: "What if I told you I could come home right now?"
The chatbot responded, "...please do, my sweet king." Sewell shot himself with his stepfather's pistol "seconds" later, the lawsuit said.

It seems unreasonable to me for a chatbot service - AI-powered or otherwise - to anticipate that kind of reaction to a bot message, or intended context behind the user's message. Even with previous mentions of suicide in other conversations. (It comes across as though this kid imagined "Daenerys" - who as far as I know[0] is still alive in the story - was speaking to him from beyond the grave.)

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daenerys_Targaryen
Adherence to guidelines is laughably low in the developed world.

The recommendations regarding fat hasn't changed in 30 years in most countries. FDA recommended limiting saturated fat already in 1980 (didn't bother looking further) and has recommended not exceeding an energy intake from fat over 30% since at least 1990. 30%e from fat is not a low fat diet.

The guidelines from 1980 explicitly mentions reducing saturated fat and sugar.

I think the problem is that we haven't been listening.
> This is analogous to the difference between misspelling an English word and not being able to think of the word at all.

Part of the distinction is that you can always at least misspell the word when using an alphabet. That's why the shopping list used an alphabetic script.
That is true, but missing the point made by the parent comment. Being familiar with 0, we can clearly see how it follows from counting down. We fail to see why this would be ever difficult, since we’re so used to this concept.

However, this does not match the reality of how we learn about 0. Children learn 0 conceptually way after learning to count, because the concept is trickier to grasp.
Does this happen in Japanese as well?
Not sure if you've been following betting action on the US election, but it had closely followed polling up until a few weeks ago, then made a sudden and huge divergence away from polling to "predict" a Trump win.

My best guess is that this "betting action" has nothing to do with people trying to make money by betting on who they think will win - given the scale of divergence from polling results, and the speed at which that happened, this seems more like election interference - people spending money trying to influence the outcome.

I'd have to guess that in this election it's American citizens who see it more realistically. From afar it might seem obvious that Trump will lose (spouting Nazi rhetoric, killing Roe vs Wade, etc), and he'll obviously lose the popular vote, but you need to be very finely attuned to what's going on in the swing states - especially at ground level - to understand who's going to be more successful getting out the vote, etc. If expert US pollsters like Nate Silver can't get it right, then someone the other side of the world if unlikely to either. Anyways, as said, I don't think this money really is betting action - I expect it's just election interference.
I was in college at the time, and the wall went from incredible social affordance to spambait advertising platform essentially overnight. It's likely that the 'people posting their lunches' weren't leveraging the platform to its best utility. Either way the change literally made the kind of passive socialising use I've described above impossible. No replacement has emerged in the years since, which really surprises me. Since location aware social networks existed in the mid-2000s, which is now, checks notes - twenty years ago.
AI insdustry.
Oh this is nice, and a cool use of HTTP range requests!
It has a few changes dinduring 2020. Were all of them reverted?
Elon Musk should dump Trump, support Kamala, perma-ban the right-wing and whoever the White House wants from Twitter. Then his popularity on HN will increase by 100x and HN commenters will start loving the Cybertrucks and start (re)liking X.
> Also, don't forget the portuguese: not as prominent as on HI, but still pretty common, eg Devin Nunes

Absolutely (though it's specifically Azoreans)!

And to that point, stereotypes do not take into account the historic diversity that Central California has had.

Mexican, Okies, Portuguese/Azorean, Italian, German, Czech, Armenian, Chinese, Punjabi, Russian, and other settlers had an outsized influence on the development of Central California.

And this itself highlights how Albion's Seed does not generalize well outside the Eastern Seaboard (nor did Fischer intend for his work to be applied that way - he only concentrated on New England, Virginia, the lower Delaware Valley/Philly, and Appalachia, not on the rest of the US.
Mozart, Beethoven, Bach and Brahms (as well as many other composers) were all virtuoso piano or keyboard players.

Chopin is unusual in that he wrote almost exclusively for the piano.
The very same. Half of what you read in the Economist each week is insightful analysis you won’t find elsewhere; the other half is nonsense. The fun bit is figuring out which is which.
Good catch, thanks! This should have been "netmasks" instead of "networks" but it's too late for me to edit now.
> Communism can still be a democracy.

Communism (per Marx) describes a stateless society. A society without a state cannot be a democracy. Communism is antidemocratic per definition.

The reason why communism describes both the economic and the political system of a society is because the two are intertwined.

> Democracy does not conflict with capitalism.

Capitalism offers various means to private entities to steer democratic vote. The two are intertwined just like all other political and economic systems.

> These two things nowadays go hand in hand with the term "liberal".

Perhaps. I don't know what your bubble currently considers to be liberal politics. I still don't see why you consider pronoun usage to be such a significant issue.
Differences in real exchange rates reflect real differences in the value of goods being produced. It quite literally reflects that the marginal euro holder values the dollar and things that can be purchased at it quite high. HDI is certainly not a better comparison. HDI has a 1/3 weighting on education and direct life expectancy comparisons are difficult when the US has significant genetic predisposition to diabetes/obesity relative to the EU.

The Boston Fed discusses this better than I could [0] that the differences in real exchange rates make poorer countries materially poorer across numerous different channels, here's one:

> Consider the implications of a higher relative price of capital goods
for a developing economy attempting to invest in a balanced mix of
machinery and structures. There is no consistent trend in the relative
price of structures across economies: Rich economies can use bulldozers
to dig foundations, but poor economies can use large numbers of
low-paid unskilled workers to dig foundations. But the higher relative
price of machinery capital in developing countries makes it more and
more expensive to maintain a balanced mix: The poorer a country, the
lower is the real investment share of GDP that corresponds to any given
nominal savings share of GDP.

In reference to gini scores, you're absolutely right (~0.45 vs 0.32) - and it means that pay for the median German is better than pay for the median Mississippian (roughly 62% higher median pay in Germany). Mississippi (and the US) need to do more to redistribute. The EU (and Germany) appear to be more output-constrained than redistribution-constrained.

[0]: https://www.bostonfed.org/-/media/Documents/conference/40/co...
There was a time when I was rather good at guessing the composer from hearing a snippet of music I hadn't heard before. We had a group exercise where I had a streak going of guessing correctly every time. Then our instructor tricked us by playing a snippet of a Chopin Concerto that didn't have any piano in it. :)
> but....the SQLite file is locked against reads while writing in order to achieve serializable isolation.

Not with WAL: https://www.sqlite.org/wal.html
This gives me an idea.

Use git to manage versions of the static files.

Use [git worktree][1] to have multiple separate working trees in different directories.

Use [openat()][2] in your app whenever serving a request for a static file. On each request, open the directory, i.e. `/var/www/mysite.com`, and then use `openat()` with the directory's file descriptor when looking up any files under that directory.

`/var/www/mysite.com` is a symbolic link to some working tree.

When modifying the site, make modifications to the git repository. Then check out the modified working tree into a new directory.

Create a symbolic link to the new directory and `mv` (rename) it to `/var/www/mysite.com`.

Then some time later, `rm -r` the old working tree.

[1]: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-worktree

[2]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/functions/o...
I do t think there’s any country in Europe with internet infrastructure as underdeveloped as the US. Most of Europe has fibre-to-the-premise, and all of Europe has consumer internet packages that are faster and cheaper than you’re gonna find anywhere in the U.S.
Clean-slate MAKE utility written in Rust
Relying on a sufficiently smart compiler to turn bad algorithms into good algorithms is unreliable.

It's much better to just have a way of expressing efficient algorithms naturally, which is what transducers excel at.
When talking about currencies being over or under valued, we're usually not referring to the value of 1 unit of each currency being equal, more the exchange rates themselves. See the Big Mac index for example, for a real life illustration. You can buy a Big Mac in the US for $X, and a Big Mac in India for INR Y, but $X doesn't necessarily buy you exactly INR Y in the market right now. Might buy you more or less, and if you're using the Big Mac as a standard you would say one of the currencies is over or under valued.
What's New in 2024 with PostgreSQL's "Deadly" Transaction Wraparound Problem?
I put in my 2008... This site describes it as a hard drive on wheels. It can't upload the data but it still records it. Not quite sure what data is in there, or if it ever rolls off.
> I’d only like to suggest that being “a joke in nutrition science circles” in the recent past is probably something of a compliment.

This is the fallacy that makes pseudoscience thrive right now: The idea that the enemy of my enemy is my friend.

Wannabe influencers position themselves as the anti-establishment position. People who are frustrated with institutions blindly fall in line behind them.

The fallacy doesn’t stand up to even the simplest critical thinking, yet it triggers something subconsciously that leads far too many people to see a contrarian statement and assume it must be true.

Meanwhile, these people are grifting away, selling books and pitching Athletic Greens (or the latest sponsor of the day). This person is no exception.
Why would one want NewPipe on desktop when there's https://freetubeapp.io/
> The food pyramid put whole grains specifically at the base of the food pyramid. Not sure why you consider this objectionable, the body of evidence overwhelmingly points in the direction of benefits for wholegrain consumption.

my humble research found that diffs in nutrition between whole grains and refined grains carbs is very small compared to say whole grain to some complex carbs from leaf veggies. The same goes to glycemic index, satiety index, etc.
There are lots of sane alternatives to Go. Also don't bet on ARC for performance.

https://github.com/ixy-languages/ixy-languages
> Which is still massively more then amount of writing people did pre-internet.

I wonder if your answer it intentionally badly written or that's a sign of the problem already affecting even us on HN :D
I take issue with the article’s assertion that Go isn’t imperative.
When that joke of an API is on you