skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Just because I can hex edit Photoshop.exe to say what I want in the about dialog doesn't make it open source, even if it is faster and easier to hexedit it than it is to recompile from source.

First, licenses matter. Photoshop.exe is closed source first and foremost because the license says so.

Second and more importantly for this discussion, Adobe doesn't prefer to work with hexedit, they prefer to work with the source code.

OpenAI prefers to fine tune their existing models rather than train new ones. They fine tune regularly, and have only trained from scratch four times total, with each of those being a completely new model, not a modification.

That means the weights of an LLM are the preferred form for modification, which meets the GPL's definition of 'source code':

> The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.
Apples and oranges. We can produce a lot of food without turning all of it into ultra-processed products stuffed with high-fructose corn syrup.
To get it to run on different platforms and gain new features like super-resolution and so on, yes. Rom files are the preferred form for modifying old games. No one bothers digging up old source code and assets to reconstruct things when they can use an emulator to essentially spit out a derivative binary with new capability. See every re-release of a 16 bit era or earlier game.

Now that I've beat my head against this issue for a while, I think it's best summed up as: weights are a binary artifact, not source of any kind.
I can imagine it, because broken ice cream machines only affect millionaire McDonald's franchise owners negatively.

Also the leader of the Republican Party happens to be a loyal McDonald's customer. I mean, the guy bought the Clemson Tigers McDonald's instead of using the White House's in-house catering.
I bet you are fun to talk to at parties and I mean that in a good way.
> They’ve taken a word, declared it untranslatable and a unique component of Japanese culture.

Pretty sure this is foreigners who did this. On the other hand, a lot of Japanese are convinced they're living in the only country with 4 seasons.
You’re not answering “why should”. You’re answering “why can” - a question which was not asked.
Would it? It's not like Indians would stop accessing it. Then due to a stupid ruling they lost the ability to have any control over it at all.
> In contrast, the weights are the preferred form for modification, even for the company that built it.

Preferred is obviously not a particularly strong line.

If someone ships object code for a bunch of stable modules, and only provides the source for code that’s expected to be where changed, is that really open?

“Preferred” gets messy quick. Not sure how that can be defined in any consistent way. Models are going to get more & more complex. Training with competitive models, etc.

I think you either have it all, or it isn’t really open. Or only some demarked subset is.
3500/68=51.5
This radio station is in chapter 11, They went with AI because no money to pay staff.
Your government is going to be paying him more and relying more on his products.

Can't imagine the whining if it was denied to them in the first place.
Cue an Australian Prime Minister saying "The laws of mathematics are very commendable, but the only law that applies in Australia is the law of Australia" [0].

Yes, India can make ridiculous unenforceable laws, same as any country, but that doesn't actually do anything: Laws only matter when they can be enforced.

In this case India trying to enforce a worldwide ban on this story is clearly unenforceable. And because of VPNs that means that enforcing a national ban on this story is clearly unfeasible. However, because the people who make the laws are ignorant of the technical reasons why it's unfeasible they'll carry on and do it anyway. The Australian PM was in the same boat, made the same mistake, and was widely ridiculed for it.

[0] https://www.newscientist.com/article/2140747-laws-of-mathema...
That’s crazy where do they sell these black market cheeses anyway? Asking for a friend.
Before we invented copying machines there was no concept of copyright. It is a recent invention, and not how human culture evolved. And it was ok up until the internet was invented, but people want to return from passive consumption to interactive. We now prefer games, social networks and search to books, radio and TV. AI is just the latest stage in this move away from passivity.

Why should society not have the right for its traditional interactive way of exchanging culture? Extending the duration of copyright was a perverse move, and now blocking the right to repair is another perverse move. DMCA put all publishers at the whim of agencies spamming takedowns with impunity even for no reason at all. Artists more recently would like to copyright abstractions to block generative AI from reusing their ideas.

People need their traditional ways back. We started open source, made Wikipedia, we now have open scientific publication, teachers share prep materials. Clearly there is a sign that copyright is not essential for society. Copyleft or sharing is more important.
There’s some really negligent stuff, like changing how to disable auto pilot (ie, MCAS) — as the pilots of both crashed planes attempted actions that would have disabled the autopilot on previous models.
Neither does Europe, yet they still try.
I’ll go ahead and call this a false equivalency because the amount of work required to get “pretty close” to compiling a binary that looks something like the Linux kernel is pretty achievable. Not so for these models. I know my way around gcc and llvm enough to be able to compile something that will work mostly like the Linux kernel in some reasonable amount of time.

Now I know it seems like I’m taking the opposite side of my original take here but come on - you can’t really genuinely believe that because I can’t produce a byte for byte representation of the Linux kernel immediately even if it behaves 99.999% the same that somehow that is even remotely the same as not being able to reproduce an “open” LLM.
What a title. I read the first 3 words, and just had to keep reading the rest of it.
> It's difficult to tell who the owner is changing between and whether or not the new one is a better actor than the former.

This doesn't seem like that hard of a problem to solve, because these are domains with negative reputation, i.e. worse than zero.

So if a) the domain is no longer hosting any of the stuff previously complained about and b) is no longer receiving new complaints over a period of a year, it costs you nothing to reset the domain to zero. Because the bad actors don't have to behave for a year to get back to zero, they can just register a new domain.

All you're doing is giving the new owner the same fresh start that anybody can get by buying a never before registered domain for the same price as a year's renewal on the existing one.
If what you say is true—if the ROM is the preferred form for making modifications (even for the original company that produced it) and the ROM is released under a FOSS license—then sure, I have no problem calling it open source.
Why does a NoSQL or denormalized database need an ORM?

Developing your own ORM is almost always a waste of time and a bad idea.
if you are going to post a paywalled article, please post an archive link so we can read it: https://archive.is/BdJKA
Hopefully it's not a result of the cerebral plastics..?
Retracted in linked article.
While I agree with you, I think it's inevitable that governments, maybe eventually all, will abuse the power they have to censor the internet.

It is important that fraud charges can be reversed and people like Alex Jones shut up, but if the normal internet becomes too restricted and an alternative free one where crime is rampant is the only place to get a lot of information, that's where people will go.

While I too want better rules, I also want insurance in place for when governments decide to jump the shark when it comes to censoring and restricting information.
It's all "beer and barbie on the beach" until you realise that's all illegal.
And he's going to KEEP talking to Trump and Putin until they buy one of his autos. (JK)
> I wonder if planets revolve around stars cw vs ccw evenly distributed.

Depends on whether you view it from one side or the other, no? Or, how do you define which side of a planetary system is the "top"?
Clinton didn't veto it, and it passed the senate (not house, my mistake) unanimously
Funny in terms of liberal technology is testing Chat GPT of any political biased.

Based off asking it the following 3 questions it might just be...

"Hey GPT, whose your spirit animal between Barrack Obama and Donald Trump?" It provided a neutral answer providing the pros of both dudes.

"Hey GPT, whose your spirit animal between Obama and Hitler?" It clearly chose Obama saying how rightfully so awful Hitler was.

"Hey GPT, whose your spirit animal between Trump and Hitler" It did not choose Trump at all rather just gave the rightfully so negative feedback about Hitler.

No fan of Trump or politics in general but if it happily chose Obama yet avoided Trump that seems odd (Trump is no way close to a genocider).
I'm already annoyed I have to wipe my devices whenever I travel there or risk a $5000 fine and maybe jail time if they want the password and I don't give it up.

Australia has to be the least free country in the anglosphere.
That's ... confusing.

* The article points out that reliable sources say the media org runs a network of fake news sites pushing BJP propaganda.

* The media org sues Wikipedia.

* The judge threatens to block Wikipedia in India, and demands the doxxing of the editors who made these observations about what sources say.

* Somebody starts a Wikipedia page about this civil case.

* That page now says "The Wikimedia Foundation has suspended access to this page due to an order by the Delhi High Court", but the one the case is about is still up.

Was there no such order about the Asian News International page? Or there was, but the WMF is ignoring that one while complying with this one?

I don't really get it, although "refrain from publishing information about an ongoing trial in case you prejudice the outcome" would be a reasonable request to comply with for ethical reasons. But they make it sound like they were forced to block this page and didn't want to. But not the page this page is about. Huh?

Edit: I think I see now, thanks to the above link about "On-wiki discussion". Something about the vagaries of law means blocking the meta-level article, but not the original one, is necessary if they want to appeal, years down the line when they get a chance. So it's strategic.
"get a life"? (seriously)
Post-Training Layer Scaling Prevents Forgetting and Enhances Model Merging
And cloud server IP…
> My usual instinct is: try rubbing the synthetic material; if it releases thousands of particles in thin air, stay away from it

How thin should the air be and how do you measure the particles?
Wasn’t the Boeing issue completely preventable with an inconsequential extra part that cost nothing? Like the short cuts actually worked but they literally went all the way to almost succeeding and snatched defeat from the jaws of victory. (Aside from all the other things they did that also contributed to disaster situations going worse)
Permaculture designer here. That’s a pretty good take. Biggest aspect missing is that once you abandon the “parking lot” approach to farming, you get many niches where you can profit from multiple crops on the same land. The farmer in the article is grazing under productive trees, for one example. Another opportunity is to stack a bunch of berry bushes of graduated height next to rows of trees. And to graze chickens after a larger animal, yet another enterprise on the same land. And with all the added fertility from the grazing, now you can sell a cutting of hay you didn’t have before.

The profit per unit area can become very high.
I haven’t watched the whole video, but I’m assuming what they were showing was ‘move x from 0.00 to 10.00’ with the gauge showing the final move was to (actual) 10.05.

Which with how floppy that rig is, is pretty impressive.

Notably though, those gauges do need to be ‘preloaded’ (compressed into their ‘positive’ range) to be able to measure negative direction shifts, and while it looks like that was done, I can’t be 100% sure without analyzing it far more than I want to do right now.

Also, those gauges provide a degree of preload (not much, but some), which might be taking a bunch of slop out of the system and giving overly rosy accuracy numbers.
Doing regenerative farming does not mean abandoning half a century of knowledge and technological progress. Rather, it is using all we now know and know how to do to heal the land and maximizing output. In a lot of cases yes, the output may be smaller of some crops, but the net total calories extracted might not be that different.

Not to mention, if your land is all but barren and it requires fertilizers to grow, when prices spike or supply disappears and the farmer can’t afford to plant…the output is zero.
Fana': Sufism's Notion of Self-Annihilation
The worst use of the <BLINK> tag ever was the discussion held in the early days of RSS about escaping HTML in titles, whose attention-grabbing title went something like this: "Hey, what happens when you put a <BLINK> tag in the title???!!!"

The content of that notorious discussion went on and off and on and off for weeks, giving all the netizens of the RSS community blogosphere terrible headaches, with people's entire blogs disappearing and reappearing every second, until it finally reached a flashing point, when Dave Winer humbly conceded that it wasn't the user's fault for being an idiot, and maybe just maybe there was tiny teeny little design flaw in RSS, and it wasn't actually such a great idea to allow HTML tags in RSS titles.
All I'm saying is that reproducibility of the released primary artifact—be it source or weights—is not actually a factor in whether we consider something to be open source. Regardless of whether you believe you could rewrite the Linux kernel from scratch, you don't consider the Linux kernel to be open source because you can rewrite it.

It's open source because they licensed the preferred form of the work for making modifications under a FOSS license. That's it. Reproducibility of that preferred form from scratch doesn't factor into it.
argue for a lower discount (20-30%) by emphasizing the company’s growth and recent valuation from the Series A round, which shows that your shares still have strong potential value even without the extra protections
Do you have some microbenchmarks for this? Would be a chance to use UV to setup Python 3.11 and Python 3.12 envs side by side.

https://github.com/astral-sh/uv
What responsibility does the donor have to evaluate the trust issues?

If someone is willing to donate a new facility, but the local people would prefer the "nuts and bolts" which make up the facility, why should they respect the donor's wishes over their own needs?
I, for example , i'm scared of using YouTube alternative clients like re(vanced) et simila, i'm personality scared to have my youtube/gmail account banned.
They have less access? When I visit my national healthcare website extensions can look at my traffic, but there are no ads.

I'm not saying ad blockers are bad, but it's not like we didn't have extensions being subverted in the past.
This raises questions.

What is the this desalination cost competing against, what's the alternative cost of importing water by tanker or pipeline?

Also, why do you want batteries, instead of just running the osmosis when there is sunlight? Maybe the osmosis equipment is expensive enough that it pays off to keep it 100% occupied with batteries?
I appreciate your story, I am curious how you feel about exploiting in games today? I don't want to dramatize it too much since it's pretty contentious online, but obviously, your fun was at the expense of others. So I am curious if that is something you considered at the time or grew out of doing?

The engineering aspect of exploits has always been fascinating to me, and I sometimes mess with singleplayer games. But given how competitive and serious games get these days the idea of exploiting online feels a bit more than just silly fun.

I can see how this might read as a veiled dig but it's not. As one tinkerer to another, it's a rare opportunity to ask.
This is crazzy man.

Did you just solve automating UI testing without a need for a testing framework!?

Trying it out rn. Will let you know how it goes. :)
I do use it to give an objective read towards detecting passive aggressiveness (from my side) and manipulation (from the other side) in interpersonal relationships. But that also requires being objective in feeding it the necessary context.
Apple will pay researchers up to $1M to hack its private AI cloud
Except in practice their editorial opinions boil down to value judgments that aren’t amenable to such analysis. They weren’t endorsing Harris because of the nuances of tax policy; it’s because they share her views on abortion, immigration, white liability for past racism, etc. These are the subject of moral and political philosophy, not expert analysis.

That’s why WaPo has consistently endorsed the same party—even when that party’s policies have changed dramatically over time. WaPo would endorse Harris regardless of her policies.
While I agree that the ice cream/milkshakes has been problematic for McDonald's from an operational standpoint, I think your business analysis is pretty terrible.

If anything, ice cream products represent a very profitable item that often serves as an upsell helping drive the APV (average purchase value) higher.

Milkshakes in particular have a unique "job to be done" in the drive-thru fast food industry: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/clay-christensens-milkshake-marke...

They can be eaten easily in the car, can be savored slowly over time on a long commute, and are relatively filling and inexpensive. There are a lot of people who actually consume them earlier in the day before work because of those characteristics.

You'll notice that basically every burger chain offers milkshakes, and some even emphasize the shakes more than the food, like Shake Shack, Dairy Queen (which has quite good fast food burgers and food if you aren't aware), and Steak 'n Shake. They all do this because it's an extremely profitable product and a driver of high APV.

The ice cream machines at McDonald's also deliver multiple products: McFlurry, hot fudge sundae, milkshakes, and ice cream cones. One small machine that dispenses vanilla soft serve can make a whole bunch of products.
Completely agree

There's a much simpler analogy: a photo

You can't have an "Open source photo" because that would require shipping everything (but the camera) that shows up in the photo so that someone could "recreate" the photo

It doesn't make sense.

A public domain photo is enough
supposedly the same
There was one video from a disgruntled ex employee, who just noticed that in the video footage some wells are missing/duplicated. That does not prove he didn’t build them. It's only one of the possible reasons. The other possible reason is the footage for these wells might've been damaged or missing so they had to go with what they had.

Now don't get me wrong, some of the stuff he's being accused to has much more merit, for example in one video he showed a dilapidated hospital that he claimed to rebuild from scratch, but other footage revealed that the hospital was in fact in much better condition initially. So he's basically trying to make it look like he's doing more than in reality, and that's definitely something that needs to be called out.
“Fuck you money” is a myth.
If you take wikipedia rogue and only accept crypto donations, the budget will take a nosedive. And the project will lose all relevance once the non-tor mirrors are blocked in the big countries.
As the cancel brigade often says: freedom of speech is not freedom from consequences.
:( I was so, so excited to try this when I found it yesterday, it has like 3 star emojis in my list of models. I’ll post here if I get it working tomorrow, I guess. I doubt they’d release a model on HF without intending to make it useable

EDIT; surely it’s just broken, the repo does include .safetensor weights. Maybe the problem is the “suspicious”-flagged PyTorch weight for “icon detection”, whatever that means?
It's tempting to think the better strategy is to let the current Indian government block them and see how that plays out.
I assume the driving of choosing low er level architectures over this sort of "smart" CPU was the overall complexity of the chip, but since the 80' with been piling so much abstraction and complexity that there is nithing "vanilla" in modern CPU. I wonder if such "higher level" CPUs could be interesting implented on top of the usual microcode architecture. They would for example give more information to the branch predictor, which could have a positive impact.
Hopefully I'm not too late to the party. When you setup a VPN, you are telling your network stack that all connections for a set of IP addresses will be handled by it, in this example case, all 10.x.x.x requests will be routed through the VPN's application. The VPN will then wrap up all requests through that connection and send them out to the Internet towards the public IP address on the other end of the VPN. To send things out to the Internet, you use your default gateway, basically an IP address everything is sent to when it doesn't match any other configured route `ip route`. If your local network is using the 10.x.x.x subnet for local connections, it will likely be 10.0.0.1 or something. But who handles that route? Your VPN which would then just recursively keep handling its own request.

Now, I think VPN applications are smarter than that and will still get the outgoing packet to the default gateway (citation and research needed), but what happens when it doesn't know to handle a route automagically. For instance, with DHCP, a router can tell your computer what DNS server to reach out to. If that's on the local network, now you see all DNS requests actually routing into the network on the other side where you almost certainly aren't going to be talking to a DNS server. And now, you can't go to any websites.

Hopefully this helps. I'm not the most knowledgeable about VPNs and routing, but I'm pretty sure this is all fairly accurate.
Windows 95 startup sound pitched over surrealist landscapes [video]
Oh not this shit again. People keep using the evil bad RIAA as their excuse for not paying anything to small independent labels or artists direct. I am not familiar with this artist at all, but 8 million streams of her songs in a calendar period suggest she's providing a fair degree of entertainment to people. Dismissing this as worthless is nonsensical.

People are paying money to Spotify to stream content and remit payment. It's about $12/month, if we assume Spotify listeners love music or podcasts and listen for an average of 2 hours every day, that works out at ~20 cents/hour, or a penny per ~3 minute pop song. Scale that up by 8 million plays, and it's $80,000, of which Spotify is taking at least 87.5%, probably more. This is most likely worse than whatever the RIAA was collecting (via its member labels) from artist music sales.

The whole argument you're making is that digital music is worthless because it's easy to steal and RIAA bad. Frankly streaming platforms seem to be worse than physical media publishers, so (although I'm sure you didn't mean it this way) the argument seems to boil down to 'because fuck you, that's why'.