skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Meta AI (FAIR): In human cognition theory, human thinking is governed by two systems: the fast and intuitive System 1 and the slower but more deliberative System 2. Recent studies have shown that incorporating System 2 process into Transformers including large language models (LLMs), significantly enhances their reasoning capabilities. Nevertheless, models that purely resemble System 2 thinking require substantially higher computational costs and are much slower to respond. To address this challenge, we present Dualformer, a single Transformer model that seamlessly integrates both the fast and slow reasoning modes. Dualformer is obtained by training on data with randomized reasoning traces, where different parts of the traces are dropped during training. The dropping strategies are specifically tailored according to the trace structure, analogous to analyzing our thinking process and creating shortcuts with patterns. At inference time, our model can be configured to output only the solutions (fast mode) or both the reasoning chain and the final solution (slow mode), or automatically decide which mode to engage (auto mode). In all cases, Dualformer outperforms the corresponding baseline models in both performance and computational efficiency: (1) in slow mode, Dualformer optimally solves unseen 30 x 30 maze navigation tasks 97.6% of the time, surpassing the Searchformer (trained on data with complete reasoning traces) baseline performance of 93.3%, while only using 45.5% fewer reasoning steps; (2) in fast mode, Dualformer completes those tasks with an 80% optimal rate, significantly outperforming the Solution-Only model (trained on solution-only data), which has an optimal rate of only 30%. For math problems, our techniques have also achieved improved performance with LLM fine-tuning, showing its generalization beyond task-specific models.
NSW = Naval Special Warfare but yes somewhere within the alphabet soup that is US natsec
So, crisis averted?
Wouldn't have said better, devenv and Flox are indeed similar and both uses Nix packages. We can say they are different frontends to the same set of packages, with slightly different features.

Both are great in my opinion.
In context, I think GP meant "open" from a sociopolitical point of view. The "taxi-industrial complex" had minimal political power, so Uber was repeatedly able to steamroll the incumbents - exactly as you describe in your final sentence. Medical interests have immense sociopolitical power, so the same playbook won't work. The differences in your positions are merely semantic.
Is the imagination real? Is it made of fermions or bosons?
I was hoping to hear their thoughts on how Copilot and Cursor compare to Aider, but this is the whole Aider section:

Aider Chat is an exciting CLI alternative:

- Mature and open-source
- Command-line based
- Requires a deeper mental model but offers powerful capabilities
- Perfect for those who prefer terminal-based workflows
> Returning an error has this property, yes.

Only in the same way that returning an email address does. That does not change the color, though. It remains "black". This is just "normal" use of a function.

Yes, you can go out of your way to leak implementation details making the function no longer "black". async/await, use of the "?" operator, "return err", even checked exceptions all introduce leakage. That can result in a colorful rainbow of functions, but "unless you are doing it wrong" was caveated at the very beginning. The very first sentence I wrote, in fact.

Is that the source of your confusion, perhaps? That you somehow forgot to read the very first sentence? async/await is the only one that isn't yet generally considered a bad practice, and only because it is quite a bit newer than all the others, as we always learn in the end that leaking implementation details leads to pain.

> I've tried with much patience and good faith in spite of your aggressiveness

I really don't understand what you are trying to say here. Aggressiveness? Patience? Good faith? These have no applicability to the conversation, so I am, again, not sure what you are trying to say. Further, these are words that are usually used around emotion, which we both seemingly agreed does not shape our reading of the discussion, so I have no idea what else they could be referring to. What do you mean?
US doctors are ridiculously overpaid compared to the rest of the developed world, such as the UK or western EU. There's no evidence that this translates to better care at all. It's all due to their regulatory capture. One possible outcome is that healthcare costs continue to balloon and eventually it pops and the mafia gets disbanded and more immigrant doctors will be allowed to practice, driving prices to saner levels.
Ah ya, I do see how the optics of this could give off that impression. I don't use this library myself, but the issue is with Elixir 1.15.7 & OPT 26.1.26 which is VERY different than "It doesn't work on OTP 26." Certain patch versions of Elixir and OTP have caused problems before (sorry, I don't have a citation) and this particular issue looks like it's related to dependencies not syncing up on the config change?

I do think more libraries should give that little "We're still maintained" notice as people not totally ingrained in this might not realize. To some, the fact that there have been no issues reported now that we're on OPT 27 and Elixir 17 would be an indicator that all is well.
Now go back a few years and take into account the US meddling with Iran. You'll notice some cause -> effect with our intended consequences coming back to bite us for decades.
That's a common misunderstanding. The mind controlling COVID vaccines are being spread by chemtrails. The 5G signal is only used by pilots to decide when to start spraying.
Paul's animation wasn't playing at an even rate for me, for some reason, so I created two video versions (8Hz and 12Hz) with the 16 second on/off period, starting with an off period, running for 254 seconds, as per the paper. These versions end with an an additional off period, as a 'cool down' from the flicker.

Framerate of 24Hz differs from the 120Hz as presented in the paper, but here there is no 40Hz flicker attempt so it shouldn't be an issue.

Compression may affect the edges of the lines, but downloads are enabled.

8Hz version - https://vimeo.com/1023278230/8ad6db6234

12Hz version - https://vimeo.com/1023275135/378186db55
What is "this stuff"? Computer use was released 3 days ago and I would say the opposite is true for LLMs in general: it's overused in production and shoehorned into stuff that doesn't need it.
Yeah, that's cool.

But it's not automation.

GP's point is that it will be really hard to take the specialist out of this process, mainly because of regulatory issues.
> Real 2FA needs to be pick two of: a password in your head, a verifiable biometric signature, a code/key on your phone or separate physical hardware yubikey.

My thumbprint isn't stored on my phone, so I have two factors.

From the PCI Security Standards supplement on MFA,

> The issue with authentication credentials embedded into the device is a potential loss of independence between factors—i.e., physical possession of the device can grant access to a secret (something you know) as well as a token (something you have) such as the device itself, or a certificate or software token stored or generated on the device. As such, independence of authentication factors is often accomplished through physical separation of the factors; however, highly robust and isolated execution environments (such as a Trusted Execution Environment [TEE], Secure Element [SE], and Trusted Platform Module [TPM]) may also be able to meet the independence requirements.

So your phone can constitute a token, while the biometric constitutes the second factor. I don't know about Apple phones, but Google's requirements for biometrics are:

> Capturing and recognizing your fingerprint must happen in a secure part of the hardware known as a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE).

> Hardware access must be limited to the TEE and protected by an SELinux policy.

> Fingerprint data must be secured within sensor hardware or trusted memory so that images of your fingerprint aren't accessible.
This is a step towards a human-machine hybrid world. Putting a human in the loop can do wonders. Sure, it is expensive now, but the subsequent iterations will crush it.
Isn't it too shameless to create a fake named zionistshill?
Why automate the analysis of an MRI when the bottleneck is that they only have two MRI machines in the whole city, for some reason?
TLDR from the initial demands:

- 40% raise

- Reinstate the defined benefit pension plan they lost a decade ago

- Higher contributions to employee 401k retirement funds

Boeing knows this, the workers know this, the media knows this and the public knows this. Yet Boeing plays dumb and proposes deals that fall short of the demands. Boeing could stop the strike whenever they want, if they had some sort of semblance of empathy for their employees.
I think about that as well although I like to imagine that both Atari and Commodore survived as did BeOS, RadioShack/Tandy, OS/2, and all the machines I've only heard about but never used (esp. the European machines).

Although I suspect that even if all that stuff survived well into the internet era, the rise of web-based UIs would have lost everything interesting about each platform and rounded every corner to deliver the boring, ugly cross-platform software that is so popular today.

I think only Evernote did a good job of cross-platform where they wrote a platform specific UI layer onto a common foundation that did all the work and communicated with the servers. Even that didn't last because eventually they also bought into Electron which is basically the gray goo of software.

It's a bummer.
well, yes, you can't eliminate fruits and vegetables if you aren't supplementing micronutrients. I wasn't implying you can. I was just saying that carbohydrates themselves - glucose, fructose, and all the others - are not essential for us to function.
CTRL+L works for that too on Chromium / Firefox.
Ask HN: Can You Solder?
I'm curious how many HN users know how to solder. For those who don't, how come? For those who do, how would you describe your skill level? Do (would) you do it professionally or as a community service?

The reason I am asking this is because I want to delegate the soldering and assembly of modules for my product to a community. I'm here to learn if that is feasible.
Or just anyone who uses `more` or `less` or almost any other pager.
They showed a really cool literal example of what's coming. it's almost a chatgpt like movement.
Absolutely!

Suppose I'm editing a text file, and I'm working through a tradeoff
between data volume and accuracy, where more accuracy requires
more data. I have an array of 14 sensors, and I can configure them
to take either 100-byte samples or 500-byte samples, and I can take
samples at intervals between 1 and 60 seconds.

So I make myself a little table:

sensors size interval
14 100 1
14 100 30
14 100 60

Then I duplicate it:

sensors size interval
14 100 1
14 100 30
14 100 60
14 100 1
14 100 30
14 100 60

I'm using kakoune, so I can put my cursor on the 100 in the first
duplicate row, press C twice, then press r5, and now I have this table:

sensors size interval
14 100 1
14 100 30
14 100 60
14 500 1
14 500 30
14 500 60

Now, I want to know bytes per day, and this is where the math comes in.
I start adding columns. First I duplicate the three existing columns,
since I want to see them next to the result. I can do this by putting
a cursor at the beginning of each row, highlighting the whole thing,
and pasting. I also hit & to line up the pasted selections.

sensors size interval
14 100 1 14 100 1
14 100 30 14 100 30
14 100 60 14 100 60
14 500 1 14 500 1
14 500 30 14 500 30
14 500 60 14 500 60

Now, because I don't want to have to think about the stack too hard,
I put 1440 (minutes per day) and 60 (seconds per minute) in before
the interval column.

sensors size interval
14 100 1 14 100 1440 60 1
14 100 30 14 100 1440 60 30
14 100 60 14 100 1440 60 60
14 500 1 14 500 1440 60 1
14 500 30 14 500 1440 60 30
14 500 60 14 500 1440 60 60

Then I add my operations. And keep in mind I'm still using multiple
cursors, so all this stuff is just getting typed one time.

sensors size interval
14 100 1 14 100 * 1440 * 60 * 1 / p
14 100 30 14 100 * 1440 * 60 * 30 / p
14 100 60 14 100 * 1440 * 60 * 60 / p
14 500 1 14 500 * 1440 * 60 * 1 / p
14 500 30 14 500 * 1440 * 60 * 30 / p
14 500 60 14 500 * 1440 * 60 * 60 / p

Now each line has a little dc program on it, like 14 500 * 1440 *
60 * 60 / p.

I then highlight the back half of each row (again, still working
with the same set of cursors the whole time, it takes way longer to
explain this than it does to actually do it.) I type

| dc

and each of my selections gets run through dc. The result is:

sensors size interval
14 100 1 120960000
14 100 30 4032000
14 100 60 2016000
14 500 1 604800000
14 500 30 20160000
14 500 60 10080000

That's not super readable, so I cursor over three times (multiselection
is still active!) and insert commas, and then I do it again:

sensors size interval
14 100 1 120,960,000
14 100 30 4,032,000
14 100 60 2,016,000
14 500 1 604,800,000
14 500 30 20,160,000
14 500 60 10,080,000

The result is I've done a quick back-of-the-envelope calculation on
how much data I need to handle in each scenario.
For any smooth function (like the conjugate) it makes sense to ask whether there exist holomorphic functions that approximate it arbitrarily well.

However: Suppose that for every n > 0 there exists a holomorphic function f_n such that |f_n(z) - z| < 1/n for all z. Then |f_n(z)| <= |f_n(z) - z| + |z*| = |z| + 1/n by the triangle inequality. A consequence of Liouville's theorem is that any entire holomorphic function with polynomial growth is a polynomial; here in particular we would need to have f_n(z) = a_n z + b_n for some complex numbers a_n and b_n. For real x we would have |(a_n - 1)x + b_n| < 1/n for all x, so a_n = 1. For imaginary iy we would have |(a_n + 1)iy + b_n| < 1/n for all y, so a_n = -1, which is a contradiction.

In fact, if a sequence of holomorphic functions converges uniformely on compact sets, the limit is itself holomorphic because of Cauchy's theorem.
That is explicitly not allowed in the HN Guidelines[1].

[1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
Oh yes they were. "You're killing grandma!" was the battle cry of the isolationists.
Musk is speaking to people who facilitated attacks on U.S. warships. He should not have a security clearance if this is true. If that means him giving up control at SpaceX, so be it.
No, it doesn’t matter. All paths are explored
Wow… this is a gross company.
Goodness, if only someone would enumerate some reasons why the BYD is not broadly comparable to the Model Y.
Gun's don't kill people, people do /s (But I think the gun _helps_).

Have you heard the one about suicide in the UK reducing when they switched to non-toxic cooking gas? https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC478945/pdf/brjprevs...

Not hard to propose that difficulty of killing / dying does decrease likelihood of killing / dying. Lock up your guns.
>What the hell was so important that it couldn’t wait a few months?

How much runway do you think the average service industry business has?

How much runway do you think the people it employs has?

My favorite Chinese buffet is now an armed forces recruiting center. The adjacent movie theater is unoccupied. I can go on.

I'm not saying it should have been business as usual but to ignore that many parties lost big because of what was done is to be misleading at best.
Scumbag only.
Good to see that they don't think that they should do anything differently from Stripe, they just believe that there are more place on the market to grab some cash, and post endless complaints on HN of yet another trendy fintech.
My cousin is an established radiologist. Since I am well-versed in AI, we talked about this at length.

He says that the automated predictions help free up radiologists to focus on the edge cases and more challenging disease types.
Homer describes them as a vapor or smoke I believe
> TOTP is trivially phishable . . . via social engineering

Is it? I've been on the Internet since the 80s and haven't been phished a single time (despite being the recipient of many obvious attempts). Maybe I could be phished, but I think that's evidence it's not trivial.

I have to wonder how many people sophisticated enough to use and pay for a password manager like Bitwarden could be "trivially" phished.
I've built a couple of experiments using it so far and it has been really interesting.

On one hand, it has really helped me with prototyping incredibly fast.

On the other, it is prohibitively expensive today. Essentially you pay per click, in some cases per keystroke. I tried to get it to find a flight for me. So it opened the browser, navigated to Google Flights, entered the origin, destination etc. etc. By the time it saw a price, there had already been more than a dozen LLM calls. And then it crashed due to a rate limit issue. By the time I got a list of flight recommendations it was already $5.

But I think this is intended to be an early demo of what will be possible in the future. And they were very explicit that it's a beta: all of this feedback above will help them make it better. Very quickly it will get more efficient, less expensive, more reliable.

So overall I'm optimistic to see where this goes. There are SO many applications for this once it's working really well.
I think my favorite thing is how people are out there reconsidering their programming careers and doing shit like quitting when you have a bunch of less than quality developers lazily deploying code they pulled out of the ass of an LLM which does no bounds checking, no input validation, none of that basic as can be security shit at all, they just end up deploying all that code to production systems facing the internet and then nobody notices because either the competent developers left for greener pastures or got laid off. I keep on telling people this is going to take like 5 or 10 years to untangle considering how hard it is in a lot of cases to fix code put into tons of stuff like embedded devices mounted up on a light pole or whatever that was considered good enough for a release, but I bet it'll be even more of a pain than that. These are after all security holes in devices that in many cases peoples day or life going well depends on.

What it has done so far for me is put copywriters out of a job. I still find it mostly useful for writing drivel that gets used as page filler or product descriptions for my ecommerce side jobs. Lately the image recognition capabilities lets me generate the kind of stuff I'd never write, which is instagram posts with tons of emojis and other things I'd never have the gumption to do myself but increases engagement. I actually used to use markov chain generator for this going back to 2016 though so the big difference here is that at least it can form more coherent sentences.
Depends what you call "in practice". If i can make my own client, it's decentralized enough.
Does that disable the highlighting too or just the auto-scroll behavior?
I agree. Plain Nix is very complex but highly configurable and allow very complex use case, whereas Flox / devenv are much easier to setup but hide certain Nix features (which are probably not needed in most dev environments anyway, so it's totally worth it given the simpler interface)
Galaxy of Fame
I hear existential despair. Mathematics is indeed a great example. Automation (AI) has made great strides in automating theorem proving in the last 30 years, and LLMs are just a cherry on top of that. A cherry though that will accelerate progress even further, by bringing the attention of people like Terence Tao to the cause. It will not change how mathematics is done within 2 years. It will totally revolutionise how mathematics is done within 20 years (and that is a conservative guess).
Imagination is real; imagined things are not necessarily.

Imaginary numbers are also not real.

The whole situation is quite complex.
Distracted Company. Attentive Company
That'd do it.

P(H|N) != P(T|N)

And

P(H|N) != P(H|N-1) (and visa versa)

Means that

P(HT) = P(H|N-1, T|N) != P(TH)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type–token_distinction :)
"Somebody needed to get promoted"
well now your system doesn't do anything because its stuck in a forever loop checking the time. it's most likely programmed in C so you can remove the OOP as well.
>Personally identifiable information may include, but is not limited to: Email address, First name and last name, Usage Data

>Usage Data is collected automatically when using the Service

>Usage Data may include information such as Your Device's Internet Protocol address (e.g. IP address), browser type, browser version, the pages of our Service that You visit, the time and date of Your visit, the time spent on those pages, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data.

>We may share Your information with Our business partners to offer You certain products, services or promotions.

https://www.eartho.io/legal/privacy-policy

And so on...

Where does this company get the audacity to claim they are privacy-focused?
It's where their target audience is.
Bad for Arm – sure. But that’s because Arm themselves want to be the dominant vendor. Arm’s other customers lose either way.
Don't miss the power play. Giving of a few beautiful birds would be one thing. Now the emperor can create beauty in the realm.

But Lions. Lions are apex predators, and though they hadn't been seen, the trade routes would surely have brought their reputations ahead of them. Lions kill people, they eat camels, they devour. Kill one and you're mighty. Capture one, and you're very powerful, skillful and brave. Double up and you're formidable. Have a breeding pair and you're a warlord with no need for an army.

The Chinese Imperial story has a lot to do with being the presiding authority of knowledge and power. Check out the preoccupation with celestial events. The emperor made sure that he not only knew when and where an eclipse would take place in the realm, but he went there to make sure people knew that the mysteries of the sky were known by the Emperor.

If you want to cozy up to a ruler like that, you show him that you also know similar power, and you have enough to share ~ "tell your people you can make lions now, thanks to your friends in Persia"

Nowadays it just looks more like 5th gen fighter contracts.
LimDB, superfast networkless in-process caching for Nim
Effortless superfast caching with Nim! Network calls like you need for redis really add up.

Instead of using something like redis with its network round trips, you can write to a memory mapped file. You can do that safely and easily with LimDB in Nim.

LimDB is a hashtable-like interface to LMDB, a mature fast thread-safe ACID3 memory-mapped-file database for the Nim programming language.

It's just like using a hash table (the Nim equivalent to Python's dictionary or PHP's associative array) but the data stays put between restarts.
I do my own soldering, but the result is usually something only a mother could love (though I must admit, every once in a while I manage to solder some SMD component half-decently, which makes me proud of myself for weeks - until I try soldering pins on an arduino again). That's what I get for using a cheap Yihua soldering station, and learning to solder from Youtube.
Or alternatively something you are (fingerprint) alongside something you have.