skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
First, you should consider if you even need case folding; for many uses it will be unnecessary, anyways.

Furthermore, the proper way to do case folding will depend on such things as the character set, the language, the specific context of the text being converted (e.g. in some cases specific letters are required, such as abbreviations of the names of SI units), etc. And then, it is not necessarily only "uppercase" and "lowercase", anyways.

There might even be different ways to do by the same language, with possibly disagreements about usage (e.g. the German Eszett did not have an official capital form until 2017, although apparently some type designers did it anyways (and it was in Unicode before then, despite that)).

If the character set is Unicode, then there is not actually the correct way to do it, despite what the Unicode Conspiracy insists otherwise.

Also, for some uses the way that it will need to be done, there will be a specific way that it is required (due to the way that a file format or a protocol or whatever is working), so in such a case if the character set is something other than ASCII then you cannot just assume that it will always work in the same way.

You also cannot necessarily depend on the locale for such a thing, since it might depend on the data, as well.

These things can be as bad as they are, but Unicode just makes these things worse than that. If a program requires a specific case folding and then it will not work because it is the wrong version of Unicode and it is possible to be a security issue and/or other problems.

(Another problem, which applies even if you do not use case folding, is that some people think that all text is or should be Unicode and that one character set is suitable for everything. Actually, one character set cannot be suitable for everything, regardless of what character set it is. Even if it was (which it isn't), it wouldn't be Unicode.)
Subclassing NamedTuple is very ergonomic, and given they're immutable unlike data classes I often reach for them by default. I still use Pydantic when I want custom validation or when it ties into another lib like FastAPI.
Yeah I don't disagree with anything you said.
Real scientists tend to try to be careful about attribution and especially don't just blatantly regurgitate the last thing they read and pass it off as their own. That is highly frowned upon in polite academic society.
Why is Google's statement here? I don't really care about Google's opinion of a newly opened legal proceeding, of course their stance is that the DOJ is doing something bad.
We should hold dinner-table conversations and scientific letters to different standards.
Justice Department calls for sanctions against Google in landmark antitrust case
I tried using it, but beartype quickly became a pain with having to decorate things manually. Then I found typeguard which goes even further and never looked back. Instead of manually decorating each individual function, an import hook can be activated that automatically decorates any function with type annotation. Massive QoL improvement. I have it set to only activate during testing though as I'm unsure of the overhead.
Anthropic launches Message Batches API
It also rarely applies to farms. https://www.cbpp.org/blog/the-myth-that-the-estate-tax-threa...
not really. inetd was an early attempt at avoiding every process dealing with the basics of waiting on a socket for a connection, forking off some process to deal with it and managing the socket and the connection.

inetd waited on "all" the sockets; when a connection came in, it started the configured application to deal with it.

daemonization didn't really figure into it, AFAIR.
Should You Just Give Up?
This is a theoretical benefit which is directly at odds with the benefits of competition in a healthy market. For google, my observation is the "big kahuna" benefit of google basically does not exist and competition needs to be restored. Google is famous for not innovating on anything successfully, they produce graveyards of trash. Instead what they do is buy other companies then enshittify them in an anti competitive dance towards causing more damage than productivity.

You really have to think about exactly how our modern markets work and why buyouts are such dominant strategy. It's only sometimes about taking what you buy then using it, it's mostly about taking what you buy to stifle competition these days.

Look at twitter and Vine, twitter bought then shut down vine as part of a standard operating procedure just to stifle competition, and they had so little interest in capitalizing on what they bought that it left a market gap so wide TikTok filled it instead. But usually these practices do not leave such big market gaps, usually they simply shut down competition successfully and the buyer wins. Then in many cases if the company owners refuse to be bought out, extreme anti-competitive practices begin to destroy their business, which will not be punished until long after the victims get shut down. So owners need to choose between a huge pay out, or their company getting destroyed. Owners tend to choose the former.
https://archive.ph/FROKg
the full forth may not be "printable if you define printable as using toner and ignoring positioning". But they aren't escape codes.
By proving that his two properties hold with probability >1/2 over the distribution of random graphs on n vertices (for sufficiently large n), you _have_ proven that there exists at least one graph of order n with those properties. This is because the intersection of any two properties of measure > 1/2 has positive measure itself (simple inclusion exclusion argument) followed by applying the "tautological" statement I gave earlier.

This is the whole point of the probabilistic method! There are a finite number of graphs of order n - I don't know why you keep claiming that his proof relies on there being infinitely many graphs, when it's clear that the entire proof takes place in that (finite) set.

> We're talking about random subgraphs of size n OR LARGER. We're actually picking from an infinite set here.
entirely possible that NO graphs with n vertices have the two properties; all we've shown is that every graph in a finite set has some positive probability to have our properties.

This is incorrect. We really are picking from the (finite) set of graphs of order n. Erdos picks n carefully so that his properties have the desired probability, but it is fixed!

> entirely possible that NO graphs with n vertices have the two properties; all we've shown is that every graph in a finite set has some positive probability to have our properties.

This is not possible - as I have said, if a property holds with positive probability there is an element of the underlying space (i.e. a particular choice of graph of order n in this case) that satisfies it. If no element of your probability space satisfies P, then the probability that P holds is 0, basically by definition! This is extremely basic stuff - the measure of the empty set is always zero.

I think you really need to learn some mathematical probability theory to get this straight - you seem to be confused about basic definitions here. My question to you - can you define a random graph on n vertices rigorously? Can you define the probability of a property of a random graph of n vertices rigorously? Until you can do that we are just talking in circles - everything I'm saying follows easily (not tautologically) from those definitions.

I feel you are applying some intuitive conception of probability, which is leading you to misinterpret key parts of the proof. Everything here can be formalised precisely using measures and probability spaces, as Erdos himself absolutely knew.
> All that to say, the US definitely needs more unions.

What do unions have to do with industries where not many humans are needed. If you use unions to protect legacy jobs, in the long run investors will just stop investing in them (or let their investments wither as they withdraw capital) and invest in new industries where unions haven’t stuck their hands in things yet. So goodbye cafes, hello drones delivering coffee via your chimney or something (no barista job was replaced by a robot, they just replaced the entire industry instead). You can’t distort the cost of labor for too long without strong government control over the economy; better to just spread the benefits of automation out more evenly via corporate rather than labor taxation (to fund UBI, universal healthcare, etc…).
If external API adds a new field but your software already worked, you didn't need it in the first place, so why should it matter?

Dropping unknown/unused fields makes sense in 99% of cases.
Yes, as time goes on, new features are added, and some are meant to address deficiencies that were unanticipated at the time and the limitations of the earlier designs are discovered.
> No good comes from speculation over the identity of Satoshi.

As Bitcoin gains market value the issue of Satoshi’s coins is becoming more and more serious.

It’s not wildly understood yet but Bitcoin will go fully dark in the future, how to do this, especially with help of L2 systems, is well known in the deep technical circles.

I think all libertarian capitalists believe money should be private. However Satoshi will eventually be the wealthiest human to ever exist and if that wealth is 100% dark it raises some tricky issues.
That article doesn't back up your claim.
they are explicity defined as escape codes in terms of inputting them, but not in terms of receiving them. They are not by any stretch escape codes. See ANSI (which ASCII is a part of) if you want to learn about ESCAPE codes.
Arguably the qr-code based approach would be much safer, as it would be much simpler to implement and audit.

Moving a USB key between two windows machines sounds as bad of an idea as it can get for airgapped data exchange.
Excited to try this out. I recently used lit for a complex SPA (everything from routing through to page templates and smaller components). Overall I found lit just as productive as react, which was unexpected but appreciated.
> "big kahuna" benefit of google basically does not exist

I just given you the deep learning and transformer benefits.

There's a reason why the darling of AI Renaissance namely transformer was not invented at MIT, Stanford or Berkeley.
I'm also seeing a moderate number use javascript to pull activitypub replies, as those APIs are (generally) public and GET-friendly. And don't have the various spam-rolls that other free options add.
> and the most likely thing is that you will neither reinvent it nor pick the best library that an opinionated framework with hundreds of eyeballs has.

Having used Spring has convinced me that framework popularity has no correlation with quality.
> Baristas provide a point of human contact and socialization which cannot be automated while preserving humanity

I’m actually completely happy mobile ordering and never making contact with a barista. Maybe automats will make a reappearance.
I'm a big fan of using Protobuf for the third-party API validation task. After some slightly finniky initial schema definition (helped by things like json-to-proto.github.io), I can be sure the data I'm consuming from an external API is strongly typed, and the functions included in Protobuf which convert JSON to a Proto message instance blows up by default if there's an unexpected field in the API data it's consuming.

I use it to parse and validate incoming webhook data in my Python AWS Lambda functions, then re-use the protobuf types when I later ship the webhook data to our Flutter-based frontend. Adding extensions to the protobuf fields gives me a nice, structured way to add flags and metadata to different fields in the webhook message. For example, I can add table & column names to the protobuf message fields, and have them automatically be populated from the DB with some simple helper functions. Avoids me needing to write many lines of code that look like:

MyProtoClass.field1 = DB.table.column1.val

MyProtoClass.field2 = DB.table.column2.val
> Hampering Google’s AI tools risks holding back American innovation at a critical moment

I would pay money to never see google search AI suggestions. If that’s what they consider innovation, then we definitely need more competing search engines.
>For desktops users, there were other appeals for windows. A solid productivity suite, gaming support, and easier user experience

Really? In 1995-98? I'm pretty sure OS/2 offered a better experience for most things at the time, except gaming. And I don't think MS Office existed at the time; WordPerfect was pretty strong still, as was Lotus.
While I don't work in the automotive field, I've worked on adjacent-esque distributed systems with some of the shared protocols (e.g., CANopen). Part of my lament here is that almost no effort has been put into anything other than running C and C++ on embedded systems. While hard real-time systems are a thing, other pieces have often still been implemented in C and C++, which is a shame. And it's also a shame that more effort hasn't been put into realtime garbage collectors, especially in this age of multicore embedded CPUs.

I fully agree that it's a miracle any of the existing stuff works at all. I honestly have no idea how C and C++ developers make it work. Despite being the oldest and most used languages, the tooling is atrocious.
> But nothing is perfect and this technique has a major achilles heel: It requires a special type of hardware, so the current hardware isn't optimized to take full advantage of it.

> Plans for specialized hardware that natively supports L-Mul calculations may be already in motion. “To unlock the full potential of our proposed method, we will implement the L-Mul and L-Matmul kernel algorithms on hardware level [...]"
Yes, usually my APIs in Elixir receive their arguments as a well-typed map, not stringly keyed, and transform them to structs which the core business logic expects.
Would you give a short explanation of how you would try that?
What's Chat?
There are already coffee and espresso machines that will do this for you, in a wide range of complexity.

There will always be people who don’t want to interact with other humans. There are likely even more who do.
Hm I wonder if it's possible to animate those svg favicons...
That's not saying it can't exist, it's just saying you can't go outside the universe to look at it.
Why the ISO format has to die
Yep, that's more my class of customers. The height limitation is probably because of the gantry crane. In my experience having the truck driver follow the reachstacker is kind of uncommon, you'd ideally either tell the truck driver where to go from the gate, or just have the stacker drive across the terminal. This seems like the worst of both worlds. Perhaps a union or regulation thing about minimizing driving around with a reachstacker holding a box?

Fascinating business nonetheless, this is definitely something different than I'm used to over in NL/BE. Thanks for sharing!
You would still have to update everything if you rename a field in a struct, what do you mean you never have to worry?
interesting - source(s) on Planet 9 black hole theory?
EvenUp, a startup making AI tools for personal injury law firms, raised a $135M
If you write a network-bottlenecked app in a slow language, then the slow execution time is piled on top of the network latency, making things even worse.

I also think people underestimate how much impact their slow code has even in networked applications.
Same. Had to spend a bunch of time on Telegram finding a breakout board in NA, but once I did that, it was just a matter of following directions. It’s my favorite piece of tech at the moment, and it cost me 180 bucks brand new.
It's invested. In infrastructure, schooling, endless wars on foreign soil, etc. You not agreeing with the quality of the investment is a separate issue. You probably don't agree with every investment in the private sector either.
> In gamedev there is simple rule: don't try to do any of that.

I am not in gamedev, but I frequently have to develop middleware that takes in user entered data and formats it in a way that will import into a 3rd party system without errors. And that sometimes means changing the case on strings.

In my experience as a developer, this is very very common requirement.

Luckily I am not forced to use a low level language for any of my work. In C# I can simply do this: "hello world".ToUpper();
Yes. …and, indeed, that used to be a vector for hacking “air gapped” systems back in the day
You can't just arbitrarily set the status quo that way, can't just sneak a premise that the state has default a right to collect a piece of arbitrary appreciation on an asset (as all assets are used for speculation) when the owner hasn't actually gotten cash from that, and that any government that doesn't tax that is just cutting someone a break on something rightfully owed. The state of nature is no tax, and as it's unpleasant, we create societies and fund them with taxes that we must deliberate and determine to be just and reasonable. You don't get to argue from the point that your preferred taxation regime is simply how things should be and that how things are is therefore wrong, especially not without a justification.

I'd also point out that people's assets have gone up in nominal terms in the past few years, but for many that's not reflective of an increase in purchasing power. Much of that increase is due to excess inflation from the profligate overspending of our past two administrations, so the cycle currently looks like this: government prints money and causes inflation -> your assets are "worth more" -> taxman says "give me a piece of that" even though your real wages have fallen or have just barely recovered to pre-2020 levels. And of course, even if we index to inflation, that will necessarily hit the poor harder: food and energy are deemed "too volatile" to include in headline CPI, but as necessities, they comprise a larger part of poor households' spending and so inflation will hit them harder than the numbers suggest.
that is neither up-casing nor-downcasing, but (de)capitalization, which is a significantly more complex task (which ultimately requires up- or down-casing, but a whole lot more before then).
> .NET and Ubuntu are notably not programming languages. C# does not have LTS releases.

As someone else already pointed out, this is incorrect. Installing the .NET SDK is how you install C# and F#, and both the C# and F# language versions are tied to .NET versions. Since .NET has LTS releases, so do C# and F#.

My original comment already addressed why I mentioned Ubuntu. I didn't claim it was a programming language, and it doesn't matter that it isn't. In fact, that was the point of mentioning it.

> Compilers typically don't have LTS releases because there isn't much room for critical bugs which aren't discovered for a long time.

Having an LTS release doesn't mean that it doesn't get any bug or security fixes. It normally just means that it doesn't get new features.
It’s not all hardware encoded - we have huge numbers of transcodes a day and quality matters for our use case.

Certainly for some use cases speed and low CPU matter but not all.
Tetris Played Through Completely
That sounds like an ideal attack vector! Norton and other AV have elevated privileges with an opaque data format ready to be exploited.
Roblox is very active in monitoring, moderating, and reporting that sort of activity. Last year they reported 13,316 incidents of suspected pedos/groomers to NCMEC and law enforcement. Can they do better? Absolutely. But Roblox is a massive global platform with tens of millions of children on it every day. And you know where pedos hang out? Places with kids.

In terms of the other questionable stuff (inappropriate, offensive, racist, and generally hateful stuff) I mean it's again a platform inhabited by edgy kids and teenagers. I'm not very concerned about that content. Roblox does moderate and ban users and content all the time. Beyond that? It's on parents to restrict if they don't want their kids exposed to the reality of people, especially kids, being assholes on the internet. [2]

[1] https://www.missingkids.org/content/dam/missingkids/pdfs/202...

[2] https://www.penny-arcade.com/comic/2004/03/19/green-blackboa...
> The problem is, programmers can't dictate what JSON should look like in the wild.

Not JSONs in general, but a sane API would never return something like that.

> We used to have strict typed XML. Nobody even bothered.

Nowadays there is OpenAPI, GraphQL, protobuf, etc. and people do bother about such things.
There are a number of sites I wouldn't consider using anything but a static site generator for, including marketing websites, blogs, docs, etc.

You can't beat "free hosting" on GitHub Pages CDNs and the reduced maintenance burden of not needing to monitor uptime of static sites, infrastructure dependencies, OS updates, etc. They can also be maintained by editing .md files from GitHub's UI

We use them everywhere we can and maintain a number for Free SSG project templates which include GitHub Actions to publish them to your GitHub Repo's CDN for free hosting.

All templates use the same markdown format and structure to edit content making them easily to move content across different SSG templates built with different tech stacks.

[1] https://razor-ssg.web-templates.io - C# Razor SSG for Marketing Websites/Blogs/Podcasts

[2] https://razor-press.web-templates.io - C# Razor SSG for docs

[3] https://press-vue.servicestack.net - Vue SSG for Marketing Websites/Blogs/Videos

[4] https://press-react.servicestack.net - React SSG for Marketing Websites/Blogs/Videos
No need to apologize, the 4% rule was indeed what I was thinking of here. The lower a % you can aim for, the higher your odds of not running into some variation of gambler's ruin at n years, where n = 10, 100, 1000...

... My real point is simply that eternity is expensive, at least if you have to pay up front.
Because Plex and gamers streaming is not the only use case for transcode
I generally like the idea of most everything being emergent, but where does it stop? Is it emergence all the way down?
There's a problem with collapsing states for back-propagation and the fact that quantum state can't be cloned which makes backdrop not usable there, but maybe something new will come up.
Yeah, my desktop computer is also from 2014. I changed nothing but the graphics card in 2022 and I can play games with pretty good performance, most of the time in 4K.
> Yes. You must also meet your Qt license obligations: either use Qt dynamically-linked dll/so/dylib files under the LGPL, or, purchase a Qt commercial license for static linking.

There is this misconception that you can't statically link under the LGPL. From my reading (non legal advice), LGPL supports static linking - you just have to release your object files alongside the binary to allow people to link them with different versions of Qt.
And this is why God invented tmux.
An optic fiber.
That’s actually a really good point if true.

In my mind all anyone has to do to prove they aren’t Satoshi is prove what they were doing on 2009-01-10 and had no possibility of using an IP from somewhere around Van Nuys California.

https://whoissatoshi.wordpress.com/2016/02/20/satoshi-in-cal...
He may be right, but approximately 75% of the problems he describes are all Microsoft-ecosystem specific.

In Unix-land we don't use wchar_t or UTF-16, and his article is a good demonstrations of why not.
>We used to have strict typed XML. Nobody even bothered.

Yeah, because it was ugly as hell and not human-readable.
Codes 0x00 to 0x1F are called control codes (and in some contexts (such as use of ASCII control codes with TRON character set) 0x20 is also considered to be a control code). The code 0x7F is also a control code. (The PC character set (which is a superset of ASCII) has graphics for those codes as well, although in plain ASCII there are no graphics for the control codes.)
Their first point seems valid. Remember the AOL search logs:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOL_search_log_release

The rest of Google's points are worthless hogwash.