skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
good comment. But I question how much you can package up inherent complexity in a simple interface, due to leaky abstraction.

The biggest benefit of simplicity in design is when the whole system is simple, so it’s easy to hack on and reason about.
Please source.
Most mainstream apps that normies are already familiar with
Einstein’s work on the photoelectric effect was incredibly important, and incredibly influential on other research at the time. He proposed that light was quantised - essentially the foundation of quantum mechanics.

It’s no exaggeration that Einstein’s work on the photoelectric effect was as important as special or general relativity, and it had the advantage of strong experimental verification by 1921.

The main reason that prize is remarkable is that Einstein himself hated quantum mechanics - but that doesn’t dispute the work’s importance.
I'll ensure that from now on my shed is only used for old tins of paint, firelighters, matches, leaky jerrycans of diesel, fireworks, and gas cylinders.

My nitrate film can go in the loft instead.
I see Karthik's point (that small businesses operated by people who just want to make an honest living doesn't grow countries like big businesses can), but:

1. Every big business started as a small business

2. Not everyone who starts a business wants a big business for many valid reasons,

3. The countries he uses as examples are flat or stagnating for many reasons other than firm size or productivity, and

4. In these countries, the only way to have a shot at becoming a big business is to be close to power (that tends to hoard wealth). Given that these countries also tend to have weak workers rights, "killing" small businesses == fewer options and opportunities for workers.
Most of us don’t care about court filing direct links, just that they were filed, to be fair. It’s easy enough to look up on google. I think only the 1% of law nerds who want to read it themselves care if there is a link or not and they already know how to look that stuff up.
++ is for concatenating lists, it's not the only functional language that uses this.

Really though who cares? `=` is already misused in most programming languages.
You need to separate out the LLM, which only produces a set of probabilities, from the system, which includes the LLM and the sampling methodology. Sampling is currently not very intelligent at all.

The next bit of confusion is that the 'probability' isn't 'real'. It's not an actual probability but a weight that sums up to one, which is close enough to how probability works that we call it that. However, sometimes there are several good answers and so all the good answers get a lower probability because there are 5 of them. A fixed threshold is not a good idea in this case. Instead, smarter sampling methods are necessary. One possibility is that if we do have seeming confusion, to put a 'confusion marker' into the text and predict the next output and train models to refine the answer as they go along. Not sure if any work has been done here, but this seems to go along with what you're interested in
thanks for sharing !
"Google also can't:

Offer developers money or perks to launch their apps on the Play Store exclusively or first"

Huh, why does that sound familiar epic games store?
Some of the "prior art" here is ladder networks and to some handwavy extent residual nets, both of which can be interpreted as training the model on reducing the error to its previous predictions as opposed to predicting the final result directly. I think some intuition for why it works has to do with changing the gradient descent landscape to be a bit friendlier towards learning in small baby steps, as you are now explicitly designing the network around the idea that it will start off making lots of errors in its predictions and then get better over time.
He also got it for being half black since by the cutoff date he'd been president for all of 11 days. Had they waited a year they would have had the pleasure of finding out he ordered 50% more drone strikes than Bush did.

Content of his character indeed.
Crazy that Google and Apple are in the top 10 of game revenue companies without making any games.
There's a lot of overlap, and you could certainly use "pragmatic" in the two example contexts I gave. The differences as best as I can sum them up are:

- "Pragmatic" can also be used to describe a person (a pragmatic person) or a mindset (a pragmatic approach to a problem.) "Expedient" isn't used to describe people.

- "Expedient" usually acknowledges the existence of a higher or more demanding standard that the solution does not meet, admitting that the solution is not perfect. You might choose a word like "pragmatic" to praise a solution with known shortcomings, but it doesn't imply known shortcomings as strongly as "expedient" does.

- "Expedient" can be used euphemistically. ("Pragmatic" can, too, but not nearly as often, and not as harshly.) "They took the expedient route" might, depending on the context, mean that they did something lazy or unethical because it was easier. The euphemistic usage is common enough that for some people it has an overall unsavory flavor, but I don't think it's tipped over into the euphemistic usage being the assumed one.
Here is the reasoning: https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2024/09/advanced-physicsp...

I'm surprised Terry Sejnowski isn't included, considering it seems to be for Hopfield Nets and Boltzmann machines, where Terry played a large role in the latter.
It's been a while since I read the belgariad and I don't think I ever picked up the mallorean. Thanks for reminding me about those books!
LLMs can't hallucinate. They generate the next most likely token in a sequence. Whether that sequence matches any kind of objective truth is orthogonal to how models work.

I suppose depending on your point of view, LLMs either can't hallucinate, or that's all they can do.
You would need some kind of referential facts that you hold as true, then some introspection method to align sentences to those. if it can’t be done, the output may be “I don’t know”. But even for programming languages (simplest useful languages), it would be hard to do.
That's a separate agreement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_N....

It cannot be withdrawn mid-conflict:

https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/tpnw-2017/art...

> Such withdrawal shall only take effect 12 months after the date of the receipt of the notification of withdrawal by the Depositary. If, however, on the expiry of that 12-month period, the withdrawing State Party is a party to an armed conflict, the State Party shall continue to be bound by the obligations of this Treaty and of any additional protocols until it is no longer party to an armed conflict.

Ukraine also isn't a signatory to it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parties_to_the_Treaty_...

Which specific agreement are you trying to quote from, because it's not the Budapest Memorandom?
based on the fact unit 4 proved there's positive learning curve (30% faster & cheaper than unit 3) they extrapolated this so it seems pretty normal, much more believable than a continental scale grid that'll not need much overcapacity and storage, including because of v2g, that's a pipedream of a solution.
Just think of dunkelflaute that'll affect a lot of northern countries, think how much overcapacity the other members will need to have to cover it.
They were the first device with a big display and a first-class web browser. That created the smartphone market you now take for granted but was completely revolutionary at the time when most devices had tiny screens and half their physical size was a keyboard.

The other big thing is more subtle: the iPhone was the first major break in the carriers’ value-extraction model. It was common that you’d get phones with half the storage used by promo apps the carrier wouldn’t let you uninstall, and the carrier app stores were both limited and unbelievably expensive. We had multiple clients who were interested in mobile apps but the cost of being in the stores was like $50k per carrier plus half of the proceeds, and that was an improvement over the time Qualcomm demanded to see the balance sheet so they could decide what percentage of their TOTAL revenue was fair – we asked and they confirmed that they expected a cut of every sale, even ones which never involved the mobile app. The energy at WWDC08 was incredible because the app stores were both terms were so much better than anyone had gotten before, and you only had to do it once. I still think it should be better now but it used to be so much worse.
I'm led to believe this is mostly because "known unknowns" are not well-represented in the training datasets... I think, instead of bothering with refusals and enforcing a particular "voice" with excessive RL, they ought to focus more on identifying "gaps" in the datasets and feeding them back, perhaps they're already doing this with synthetic data / distillation.
My guess is the problem is words with high probabilities that happen to be part of a wrong answer.

For one thing the probability of a word occurring is just a probability of the word occurring in a certain sample, it's not an indicator of truth. (e.g. the most problematic concept in philosophy in that just introducing it undermines the truth, see "9/11 truther") It's also not sufficient to pick a "true" word or always pick a "true" word but rather the truthfulness of a statement needs to be evaluated based on the statement as a whole.

A word might have a low probability because it competes with a large number of alternatives that are equally likely which is not a reason to stop generation.
it's not "just" model error

during pre-training, there is never an incentive for the model to say "I don't know" because it would be penalized. the model is incentivized to make an educated guess

large transformer models are really good at approximating their dataset. there is no data on the internet about what LLMs know. and even if there were such data, it would probably become obsolete soon

that being said, maybe a big shift in the architecture could solve this. I hope!
It's unfortunate that the Smart-for-Two didn't do better...

Was it just the price? Or a combination of price, inefficient motor (vs the diesel sold in the EU), and lack of practicality?

In the US you ended up with a car that was slower, more expensive to buy, less useful (2-seats, tiny trunk), and barely more fuel efficient than a Honda Civic. It was doomed from the get-go as spec'ed in the US.
Congratulations on the quality and the speed of the output! As a usual test for any LLM, I ask something I know a bit about, then check to make sure the answer jives. Your tools did a great job on both a literature and programming test.

The only issue I had was with the CSS for the UI, which is always a nightmare, I know. The reasoning steps did not have the proper classes applied and rendered strangely. Also, the prompt input box doesn't expand when you type more than fits on one line. But there are always early issues in any web UI -- so kudos, regardless.

As another commenter said, carry on and do great stuff!
And the second half: https://experimentalliving.substack.com/p/ten-strong-suggest...
As you get older it all starts to blend :) Would have actually been
more like 2010 [0] as I remember the iPhone 4 was the next target [1]
and my job was to get all the DSP running on it. But you're absolutely
right, the idea of GPS games is way, way older. Some of the team then
were into "geocashing" sort of games and that's what inspired the
musical zombies thing. IIRC they didn't all use "smartphones" either
because not all models had GPS then.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RjDj
[1] https://www.iphonelife.com/content/evolution-iphone-every-mo...
Good times!

I fondly remember learning that I could run Linux off of a floppy disk. A GUI session took two. You had to format the disks to hold slightly more data.
tomsrtbt maybe?

Getting my first CD burner and having access to a whole CD worth of data at once was such a jump forward, even if half of them became coasters.
I find that most people who criticize legacy media as a monolith are angry at it because it doesn’t meet their own political leanings. I certainly rank legacy media well above 99% of the drivel on social media and podcasts. But I think it is in fashion to only surround yourself by news sources which confirm your (or my) personal bias. I’m certainly not immune to it, but I read multiple sources from right, left, and center and try to pluck out the truth.
Yes, in linux there is a file system type called tmpfs which is mapped to memory (most of the time iirc).

> Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

> tmpfs 31G 22M 31G 1% /tmp

Try running `cargo build --timings`, it creates a report about build times.
My guess would be storage speed, i would not expect memory speed to be that much of an issue.

edit:

> Windows compilation 8min took less time than Linux 45min?

I dont think i understood this correctly, but in the case you are asking (for clarification) about my compile times, i got around 3m:18s on linux, and around >8 minutes on WSL.
what type of language is kotlin?

Is it functional , OOP or something else, which paradigm does it represent?
> Neural networks are used in tons of data pipelines for physics experiments

With this argument you could even say Bill Gates should get an award for inventing Windows and popularized the desktop computer... Or at least Linus Torvalds since those pipelines are probably running Linux...
How so? There are many grocery store chains in Texas (not that this matters, as they are all merging with each other).
Yeah, I get where you're coming from. For me, though, the interest comes from the different problems we're trying to solve within the domain we're working in, not from learning yet another front-end framework.

(EDIT: Here's a great example of the kind of quirky bullshit I absolutely hate dealing with in JS frameworks: https://www.propelauth.com/post/getting-url-in-next-server-c.... Why do I have to jump through so many hoops just to get the pathname of the URL within a server component? Seriously, why are you making me write all this bullshit unnecessary code that adds no value to my end user to achieve something so simple? Absolutely ridiculous.)

I don't mind picking something up where it makes sense: over the past year I've found myself using Python fairly regularly for more data science type tasks, but in that case - again - it makes sense for the problems I'm trying to solve. It's the right libraries, the right ecosystem, the right tooling, and it's pretty stable and mature. I feel like anything I learn there is still going to be useful in 5 or maybe even 10 years.

The thing with JS and even TypeScript is that they're no longer immature technologies. Yet within the broader ecosystem around the languages we cannot seem to move beyond endlessly reinventing the wheel in very much the way we were already doing a decade ago. And, yes, there is progress, but the benefits versus the costs - to me - seem so minimally incremental nowadays as to be not worth the disruption. And the balance has tipped enough that it seems like really a lot of this churn is simply wasting peoples' time.

Like, if I'm going to learn something, I want it to really transform the capabilities at my disposal. The Python ecosystem is a great example of this but it's not the only one: I've never been a Ruby guy but I'm seriously considering picking up Rails 8 for my own interest simply because it streamlines and simplifies so much and the emphasis on realising and shipping the idea (or the value) is built-in.
Mastodon 4.3 Released
https://archive.ph/rIuX3
uranium can be stockpiled. Or like in japan/france - reprocessed & reenriched. It'll be more expensive but will cover most of temporary problems of uranium supply.
For renewables - if you don't have local factories at scale and a steady supply of materials, incl for energy storage - the problem will be the same
Yeah, I was commenting on the speed from a stop. It was massively outpaced by everything else. If the speed limit had been 35 or so, it wouldn't have been a big deal, but on a 55mph road, it was noticeable. Probably no slower than a vintage VW but you'd notice one of those as well.
This is just weird. Can the Nobel prize committee not find physics it wants to celebrate?
Travel makes life feel longer
Protestors are protesting against things that they think are seriously wrong. What you think about the Israel-Palestine conflict or the history of the abolition of slavery is completely irrelevant to their decision whether or not to protest about something. (But err, yes, popular anti-slavery movements played an important role in the abolition of slavery. The Haitian revolution didn't happen because we 'gained a new non-human resource of raw power'.)
Related: https://worthdoingbadly.com/hv/
(Hardware-accelerated virtual machines on jailbroken iPhone 12 / iOS 14.1)
But your passenger is not driving ;)
Addition Is All You Need for Energy-Efficient Language Models
Gmail and Chrome are on the brink of being unusable and it seems the same problems they solved of readability are noe being reintroduced.
Cool! As underlying values, do you use integers, bigdecimals, or a decimalized double hack like in OpenHFT?
Unfortunately this is an exception not the rule..
Could try with Florence by Microsoft instead of Yolo and Llava, though the results are not going to be as great. Florence will do the inference on CPU. This is just for fun.
Oh come on, blue LEDs were a feat of physics and chemistry mastery.
One project that I keep coming back to again and again is keeping my circa 2011 netbook functional. It was my main computer for most of grad school, and it seems silly that a perfectly functional bit of hardware (for documents, spreadsheets, etc.) like that doesn't work well.

What I've found is mainstream distros seem to have no respect for aging hardware. Especially if they're desktop-focused. I have had some success with Trisquel[0], netBSD, and FreeDOS. I'm confident I could get Gentoo working if I'm picky about ebuild selection and build everything on a more modern computer, but that does sort of feel like it defeats the purpose. Another option would be maybe to install a version of a mainstream distro from 2011, with the caveat that I'd only be able to install software included on the installation media. Debian Squeeze repos are long gone.

I feel like I shouldn't have to stray so far from the beaten path to do something on a computer from 2011 that I could do comfortably on a Packard Bell in 1992.

[0] On recommendation from an FSF employee. Hardware that can run free software top-to-bottom tends to skew a little older, so Trisquel needs to run well on older hardware.
just curious - what is the backend api framework that N26 uses ? is it kotlin specific ? or generically spring boot or something ?
They put in a lot of effort to prevent you from deleting the main executable (you the user that is, malware can probably delete it just fine using the usual methods) however one day I discovered you can delete the .dll files from its folder and it no longer runs, and Windows does not do anything to try and fix it.
Uh, threaded email existed long before Gmail, see mutt.
Really? Why would comp scientists sneer at physicists?
Nobel Prize in Physics to AI Pioneer
Because low flying aircraft are harder to detect than high flying aircraft. More over when their rcs has been significantly reduced. It’s not “invulnerable” no more than any stealth aircraft, submarine, tank, or any other platform is. It’s significantly harder to defeat.
Without the public infrastructure to support this, this is political suicide and a tax on families.
There was a recent story about a medivac helicopter not being able to land to help accident victims because someone had parked their drone over the wreck to check it out/get clicks.
My understanding is that the hallucination is, out of all the possibilities, the most probable one (ignoring temperature). So the hallucination is the most probable sequence of tokens at that point. The model may be able to predict an "I don't have that information" given the right context. But ensuring that in general is an open question.
> I want to be able to be able to code in a more natural back end setting

I think the point the OP is making is that very new frontend frameworks dictate what backend language you use. They just use HTTP requests and consume JSON.
Would load shedding in this case just mean that the server replies with “nope” at a much earlier and cheaper stage?
A wider train sounds like it would be a lot harder to build in rough terrain, since it needs a wider flat spot and probably a wider turning radius.

I suspect building 3x or even 9x standard width trains would be easier.
The Blandness of AI Photography
It’s not a “fake metric”. It exists, measures something, and it has an effect on the world. It is real. It’s a subpar metric¹, probably even a harmful metric², but that doesn’t make it fake or fictional.

¹ At best it only measures those who rate and it can be gamed (true for every media).

² For the bad incentives you mention.
I would retort with, stop trying to chuck a SQL database everywhere.

The issue imho is that multiplayer synchronization (like Jazz) should rely on primitives(CRDT or similar) that you really can't hide under abstractions but should be part of the datamodel to allow for custom synchronization protocols for different parts of the datamodel or even exposing synchronization faults to the user.

An analogy would perhaps be how wrongly abstracted systems like CORBA and DCOM lost out (Even if you can run into them in crevices of enterprise systems) to things centered around HTTP calls or simpler message oriented systems like gRPC.
An abominable default, sadly.
During sentencing, SBF attempted to argue that creditors had experienced "zero harm" as even then it was apparent FTX would be able to pay them back. John Ray himself rebutted that argument: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/66631292/415/united-sta....

> And even taking into account the potential for achieving anticipated
recovery levels, which is by no means assured, customers still will never be in the same position they would have been had they not crossed paths with Mr. Bankman-Fried and his so-called brand of “altruism.”

The opportunity cost is real and cannot be ignored.
Show HN: Open-source, E2E encrypted file storage on Google Drive
Encrypt files in your browser and upload them to your own Google Drive
Kotlin is a multi-paradigm language with OOP and FP support.
Hey he got the Peace Prize for conducting a war in the middle east!
The best cooking YouTube channel I've found are Food Wishes and J. Kenji López-Alt. Both of these channels focus on making a specific dish in each video, but they explain the why of the ingredients, cooking techniques, prep skills. Especially from a food science perspective, their knowledge was so deep and they clearly have a lot of experience in restaurants.

This helped me understand what role each ingredient and cooking step actually does. Similarly, they have great advice on efficiency so that cooking doesn't take as long or as much work.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/@foodwishes

[2] https://www.youtube.com/@JKenjiLopezAlt
I scrolled to find this and add my vote. 'The Making of the Atomic Bomb' is a daunting read, but it does a great job of tackling the physics, politics, project management, the difficulties, triumphs, and consequences of the bomb. I feel like reading it is part of what is necessary to understanding the 20th century.
Rufus: A Fast, Lightweight USB Formatting Utility for Reliable Bootable Drives
Better than nothing but laser based has obvious deficiences.

For example, fog or rain will most likely hinder operation as will a good reflective paint job on the drone. Can it differentiate between a bird and a drone?
No archive.ph link necessary, just disable JS (one click in uBlock Origin).
Fair!

I had just read the transcripts from yesterday’s oral arguments and was feeling annoyed at a longstanding complaint I have about SCOTUS (pre-dating the Roberts Court as well). Mea culpa.