skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
While you are right that it is very rare that a water system will fluoridate their water to levels of 1.5 mg/L, I don't think it's true that all systems fluoridating their water have targets or achieve a level of 0.7mg/L. You can see in the EPA's analysis of their fourth Sixth Year Review (SYR4) (https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-04/syr4_fluo...) that there is a large variation in the fluoride concentrations of fluoridated entry points (from 0.6mg/L to 1.2mg/L, with the 0.6mg/L cut-off being artificial).

The NTP monograph doesn't conclude that fluoridation at levels of 0.7mg/L are safe or unsafe, but it is better to be safe than sorry. With some populations receiving fluoridated water at concentrations of 1.2mg/L and an estimated 2% to 7% of the population receiving water fluoridated above this concentration, I think it's reasonable to be concerned in light of the NTP's monograph on fluoride (even if this just means to increase focus on de-fluoridation of water).

As per the NTP:
> The moderate confidence conclusions may also be relevant to people living in optimally fluoridated areas of the United States depending on the extent of their additional exposures to fluoride from sources other than drinking water.

Also just to note, the EPA's secondary maximum contaminant limit (SMCL) is 2.0mg/L. This isn't the federal limit as set forth by the MCL of 4.0mg/L, but notice is still required by the EPA here.

Taking the recent Cochrane report in mind, which shows a small reduction of 0.24 decayed tooth per child in places practicing fluoridation, and fails to find high quality studies on the effects of fluoridation for adults, it is reasonable to question the EPA's limits and the US's policy of fluoridation.

I can't find any strong evidence for the benefits of systemic ingestion of fluoride which makes me ultimately conclude that the policy is an ineffective one of forced medication (in the name of those who can't brush their teeth).

With no evidence of it being a safe policy, I don't know why the CDC and EPA still advocate nowadays for water fluoridation. Although perhaps costly to change, neither do I know why the EPA sets their limits to levels above where known harms (such as dental fluorosis and neurodevelopmental effects) occur. As Judge Edward Chen says:

> In all, there is substantial and scientifically credible evidence establishing that fluoride poses a risk to human health; it is associated with a reduction in the IQ of children and is hazardous at dosages that are far too close to fluoride levels in the drinking water of the United States.
I honestly can't tell which version of K-9 I am running (because Android) but I can say that it has followed me through at least three phones and I have no plans to upgrade to anything newer. It does what I need it to do and all of the changes since then have just been UI busywork or removal of features that I actually use.
Interop 2025 must drop secret vetos
Engineers are as emotional as anyone else.
So? The FBI seizes a lot of crypto during investigations and probably finds it best to keep it as is until the fate of the assets is known; maybe it goes back to its owner (may or may mot have been holding the “keys”) who might want it as it was. If the government keeps the money they would need a sophisticated trading program to sell large amounts without moving prices against themselves even if their goal was “turn ETH to USD quickly but economically”.
Mastodon Announcement: https://social.treehouse.systems/@AsahiLinux/113283494986056...
When I start typing a string that begins with "https://", disable autocorrect/auto capitalization. It gets frustrating having to fight the keyboard any time you type a url.
I'm working on some other skills aside from drawing at the moment but I'll check this channel out. Thanks!
I guess we are in agreement here. As far as I understand, the word shocking is used, in this context, at the unexpected happening of the event; not that the event happened. If I remember the sequence of events correctly, he was admitted to the hospital for a routine checkup and on Monday, his team had released a statement on his behalf that he was recuperating.

Another reason that a lot of Indians found this news shocking is because of the value and emotions attached to the name, "Tatas". Post India's independence, they were instrumental in helping India industrialized; the other were the Birlas.
Fandom is perfectly usable with adblockers and the "Cleaner Fandom" userscript. But only with those extensions!
The Intel Arrow Lake Ultra 200S CPU range promises high performance with far greater efficiency than the preceding models. Does it?
The existing nuclear arsenal already serves its purpose: deterrence. Not sure why we need to upgrade them. If these start flying, it doesn't matter if a few don't work, the result is the same.
You're delusional to an incredible degree. None of what you wrote has any root in reality.
Wasn't Agile supposed to bring the customer closer to the developers?

The menu is set, the diner complains about the price or the choice of side dishes, the chef iterates.

I don't see a lot of customer feedback in any of these PO loops, I'm witnessing it first-hand in my company. There's nothing Agile in this process anymore.
These short personal blogs make some absolute statement about Existence and how Things Are in order to get across the point that they are not in that great of a space right now.

> Life is cruel. Life is sad. Life is lonely. Sometimes, at home, I just feel like crying.

The point is not to make serious rational argument that we are alone or that being alone is how to live. For us to then counter-argue as if they were seriously adopting this attitude as a conscious life strategy while of a sound-and-stable mind.

So I can’t discern whether your response is tone-deaf or if you’re just doing the usual HN CV hustling, but literal CV this time.
At the levels OP described I’d be at 17% federal and state taxes rate. I’m at about 42% with state and federal but you need to add and zero and double the amounts to get close to our household income.

Not sure if Portugal uses marginal tax rates or not.
Why not billions? If you’re going to lie with statistics, might as well lie big.
A data moat of user provided wiki contents? The thing that this article is advocating for the users themselves to own over the hosting site??

Somehow I don't think that is the solution.
This is a misconception. Even in the poorest state here in the US, the median income is far more than most countries in Europe, pre tax[1,2]. And unlike what the internet says, we do have government programs that provide healthcare for those that cannot afford it or are out of work.

[1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/205960/median-household-...
[2] https://www.euronews.com/business/2024/07/08/european-averag...
Foreign aid for fossil fuel projects quadrupled in a single year
The only wiki in Fandom I actually go to is the Vim Tips Wiki (https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Vim_Tips_Wiki). But how did Vim get in a Fandom in the first place? I hate going to Vim Wiki, even though they have good tips not found anywhere, due to all the things that were mentioned in the article. 50-70% of screen real-estate is filled with ads or distractions. I hope that vim will get its own wiki instead.
This is a bit of a misconception. The US need never formally default on its dollar obligations, as it can simply print dollars. It will never be in formal default, although, it would effectively have defaulted by inflating its debt away.
The consequence for the US economy won't be pretty though.
Depends on the market of course, but scarcity, either natural or artificial, can do wonders.
Plenty of undesirable stuff can live in beer.

Brettanomyces will make your beer taste phenolic. Lactic Acid Bacteria will sour it (Lactobacillus and Pediococcus are two common contaminants).

Oxygenation will gradually make the beer taste like cardboard.

Hop aromatics degrade rapidly, heavily hopped beers are best within a month of brewing.

Very few beers get better over time (generally sours and stouts), most are beginning to degrade immediately and fall off a cliff within a year.
GNAP could be considered the successor to OAuth 2.0

https://oauth.xyz/
I am merely saying that predicting trend out to a century or more is too far out.

Your claim is that this trend doesn't just stay the same, that it might reverse. But it's so much worse than it merely not reversing... the trend becomes more extreme. As fertility falls, there are far fewer examples of high fertility for children to grow up around and be normalized to. They lower their own fertility in adulthood in response. Fertility decline is set to accelerate, not slow.

Big claim you're making. Populations are not homogeneous.
An average of 4.3 isn't too bad? It seems like Google is choosing the worst reviews as "most relevant" (whatever that means?) and is putting them at the top.
Have you ever bought an old cardboard tube of salt? The last time I did was in a tropical location. Somehow over the years it had acquired the scent of wet rot, and the relentless cycles of humidity had effectively recrystalized the contents into a rock.

Luckily the packaging had started to biodegrade, too, so it was easy enough to scrape off the fiber fuzz and hammer down the inner salt rocks into something useful. Better than nothing! But I wish I’d been able to buy it by its sell-by.

(Spoken as a skeptic of deadlines of all sorts, and one who routinely ignores food safety. I still think the dates are mostly silly, but that type of instance reminds me why it’s a hard problem: even if you’re not a dastardly wastemonger, choosing the “right” date depends heavily on handling and climate and factors beyond your control—unknowable at production time.)
Sooo ... are you guys looking to hire? I know an DevOps person (me) who's been knee deep in AWS for 10+ years who might be interested. :grin:
Golly – Explore Conway's Game of Life
This album got me into music!
While I grant you that nobody enjoyed music directly from a Teddy Ruxpin in the 1990s, I think you’re wrong about this. It is nostalgic. And I think you’re missing the point that it’s supposed to be fun - they have player piano rolls and wax tubes for goodness sake.

About the 90s though - people used gameboys. People used PCs. Those devices had tons of music and music culture. Chiptunes, mod music makers and players, the demo scene are all late 80s into early 90s. The very first sound blaster card wasn’t even launched until November 1989; before then it was all pc speakers.

On the streets in the 1990s, people used walkmans, listened to tapes; in cars eight track was nostalgic, people listened to the radio and their tapes a lot. I didn’t have my first portable CD player until 1997 or so.
Sure, but think about something as low stakes as, "Does such-and-such a character from my favorite TV show have any siblings" vs. "Is it safe to consume XYZ"

Even with the great structured and semi-structured data that Wikis can provide with this like infoboxes and other sort of templates, there were definitely limitations to the tech nearly ten years ago. My experience back then is one of the reasons I'm super skeptical of the long-term value of the AI / LLM trend we're going through right now.
The readme has this note.

> Stability
rustic currently is in beta state and misses regression tests. It is not recommended to use it for production backups, yet.
> When the natural interest for start-ups is to scale up and expand in foreign markets, or to leave the country to seek better deals, the proposed 37.8% exit tax on unrealized assets over $46.5 thousand that have been accumulated in Norway, seems to be the last drop for any foreigner or Norwegian with big dreams to set a business in the Nordic country.

As prior art, doesn't the US have something similar where if you want to leave your residency/citizenship, you have to pay up, even for unrealized gains and such? Seems like Norway is modelling something similar to what the US already has, and the US seems to still have tech startups coming out of it.
looks nice, have been looking into fine-tuning for a while, will check it out!
I agree, and more often than not, when Ive mentioned this to folks they get very defensive and insist that news isnt "media", which I definitely disagree with.

I find myself thinking about nutrition a lot after reading this a number of years ago, and trying to be careful about my intake. HN is pretty much my only (vice) news source left at this point.

> All beings subsist on nutriment: edible food, sense-impressions, volitions, and consciousness. [src](https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nyanaponika/whee...)
It is far more likely that electors can do what they need to do. They can be substituted if some candidates become unavailable. However, there is no replacement for voters. Barring an emergency that completely stops a state from having elections, the decision will be made. I've never heard of a state election being delayed due to natural disasters or anything. There is no minimum required voter turnout for a conclusion to be reached, in any case.
I'm assuming the PO isn't technical so git-log, git-blame, etc. are over their head.

Which itself begs why they'd need this level of detail on the codebase.
For me, eating and writing are the few things I'm only good at doing left handed. Knives are left handed as well. Scissor use is always right handed since most scissors are right handed, using left hand scissors is hard for me. Sports are always right handed for me. Tools are usually ambidextrous. My left hand is more dexterous but my right is stronger so my dominant hand just depends on what I'm doing with the tool. Using an xacto blade to carefully scrape solder mask off a board? Left hand. Turning a difficult screw? Right hand.

I think the defining thing for me is that if something is specifically made for right handed use or if you're more likely to encounter a right-hand version, I'm probably right handed when using/doing it. If it's ambidextrous like a pen or fork, I'm usually left handed.
> Which part of the pricing seems high, platform or token pricing? Both?

You said that you do only LoRA finetuning and your pricing for Llama 3.1 8B is $2/1M tokens. To me this does seem high. I can do full finetuning (so not just a LoRA!) of Llama 3.1 8B for something like ~$0.2/M if I rent a 4090 on RunPod, and ~$0.1/M if I just get the cheapest 4090 I can find on the net.
I saw at least once in 2008 that it was done right. I don't remember which institution, but it got taken over, the depositors were protected, the stockholders lost everything, and the management was replaced.

And that's just about what you want, right? You want the depositors protected, both because they didn't make the bad loans, and because wiping them out is going to cause ripple effects that spread the damage. But the stockholders, the ones that profited (temporarily) from the bad loans? Wipe them out. The management? Wipe them out.
What the future holds for those born today
"...people are dying earlier than they would have if the storm hadn’t hit their community”

Which is a fundamentally different statistic. I get why they are trying to draw attention to the impact, and it's important, but when you go this far off the deep end you do your cause huge damage. When the "official" number is 10,000 and yours is a wide range of 3.6 to 5.2 MILLION, I will dismiss you out of hand with only a brief review at the methodology.

"The researchers estimate 25% of infant deaths and 15% of deaths among people aged 1 to 44 in the U.S. are related to tropical cyclones."

It's a weird stretch to go from the highly believable long-term economic impact of a storm, to the reasonable uneven burden across socioeconomic groups, to estimating 1 in 4 infants die related to a tropical storm. That word, "related" is doing a lot of heavy lifting.

here's a map that shows the rough distribution of tropical storms:
https://geography4u.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Distribut...

somehow a country where the majority of the population does not experience direct impact of tropical storms, still loses more people to them than any other cause?
"If we include people in their 20's, teen deaths skyrocket!"
To expand the premise in the title, to be a true heir to that lineage, I would say that WASM needs to be as easy to host and deploy as PHP applications are (or used to be) on the LAMP stack of any random hosting provider. I suspect that’s not quite the case yet?
Not sure if this is exactly the same scope as what you're asking about, but here's an ESSE '21 paper titled "The Impact of Undefined Behavior on Compiler Optimization": https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501781
IIRC this is incorrect, at least for WA and CA. They only allow non recourse loans at least for purchase mortgages.
The licensing on that stuff is complicated, and I haven't looked at it in a while. It does allow you to take your toys and leave, but for those that don't, it would be simple enough to prevent ethical AI scrapers from extracting that content. That's all I mean by data moat in this context.
First thing I thought of seeing the title was the wonderful Old School RuneScape wiki! Whenever I have to use a Fandom wiki I think longingly of the OSRS wiki. I would love if the GTA wiki migrated to you.
It'd be pretty amazing, given that we're omnivores, if our omnivore diet was NOT beneficial to us. All things in moderation of course, and in our evolutionary past meat was a much smaller part of our diet than it is today.
Even a 1 person company has customers.
Digital Freight Brokers Tried AI and Learned a Costly Lesson
You sound like someone that says Chernobyl only killed a few people, the few workers at the site. And ignore the thousands that died later of radiation poisoning, cancer that occurred years later.

People argue about the Chernobyl statistics also, but ask yourself who/why people want to spread uncertainty. To make the risk appear smaller.
Mathematics of Changing One's Mind (2023)
previous discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41683144
To be clear, this is a raffle, and there are limited editions of each item. There is no way this is going to make money directly - it’s a fun fan engagement give away, and super creative. If I win one of 100 game boy cartridges, I will pay $39, which is probably close to the unit cost of making them, and will never pay back the software engineering time to create the cartridge. I assume most of the items are like that.
It could also be that CS is saturated with too many noble-worthy nominations so they had to spill some over to another field with vacant seats.

Another guess is maybe they're trying to divert some of the insane attention in CS/AI to physics to get more people to join that field.

But still really bizarre decision,

AI/ANN/CS != Physics
Because there are certain things that you just learn with that hand because it's traditional. My wife usually uses her mouse in the right hand but she actually prefers using it left handed.
Cloudflare dropped captchas back in 2022 [0], now it's just a checkbox that you check and it lets you it (or does not).

And this mean that my ancient android tablets can no longer visit many cloudflare-enabled sites.. I have a very mixed feelings about this:

I hate that my tablets are no longer usable so I want less Cloudflare;

but also when I visit websites (on modern computers) which provide traditional captchas where you click on picture of hydrants, I hate this even more and think: move to Cloudflare already, so I can stop doing this nonsense!

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33007370
As I understand things, video ads produce more $$$ - the advertiser pays more per view, and per click; and the click-through rate is higher. I've heard claims of video ads making 5x more.

I assume the irrelevant video is included to give Fandom more video ad space to sell.
> The government has no reason, in the medium to long term, to have such high taxes

It does - Debt.

Portugal's debt as percent of GDP skyrocketed during the GFC and Eurozone crisis from 75.8% in 2008 to 129% by 2012.

Unlike economies with a similar debt-to-GDP ratio like Italy, Portugal's economy is a relative minnow, and doesn't have a significant domestic capital market which can at least help stem some of the issues, nor can Portugal attract FDI at the same level as much more business friendly Spain, which made income taxes their only lever.

That said, the Portuguese debt-to-GDP ratio has gotten much better (99.10% in 2023), but that was because of how much of the Portuguese budget was spent on servicing debt.
No idea how it is in the US, but if you have a look at Zürich, Switzerland, something like 20% of the data points are from Google, maybe 50% from FAANG.
Clearly very heavily biased towards high-paying multinational companies.
The article reports about Indian racism in a company, but they are the victims?
Wow. That was an interesting read. The approach was uplifting. Thanks for sharing!
I was approached about a decade ago to combine The Infosphere with then Wikia's Futurama wiki. I asked it was possible to do a no-ads version of the wiki, and while initially they seemed like that might be possible, they eventually said no, and so we said no. So now there are two Futurama wikis online. I still host The Infosphere, haven't checked the Fandom one in years.

Fortunately for me, Futurama isn't as popular as Minecraft (for some reason!), so I've been able to pay out of my own pocket.
> Will Weird Gloop inevitably suffer the same fate? I hope not.

Unless explicitly structured to prevent it, my bet is it will. If it's backed by a for-profit entity, it'll eventually need to turn a profit somehow, and users/visitors are the first to lose their experience at that point.

However, if Weird Gloop is a properly registered non-profit with shared ownership between multiple individuals, I'll be much more likely to bet it won't suffer the same fate.

I skimmed around a bit on the website to try to get an answer to if it is an non-profit, but didn't find anything obvious that says yes/no.
it wouldn’t be a window.alert if it were IA
Tangentially Related: https://arstechnica.com/health/2024/10/your-doctors-office-c...
I think this is a naive view. Language does not develop “organically,” unless your definition of organic includes media corporations, university boards, and hundreds of other institutions which use their wealth to influence society. The idea that individual speakers of a language just independently start using specific words or phrases (or pushing the ideas behind those words) without any input or influence is simply not true.
Just want to highlight this portion:

> or extract value from them

"Only costing 7 dental practices' worth of capital to effectively run 10 practices" is the idealized vision for what PE can and wants to do.

In practice, what ends up happening is extracting value by financial maneuvers like directing the companies they own to sell off assets, but charging a transaction fee so the PE group gets a cut of the sales. Or by owning a company and being its largest creditor -- getting to discharge liabilities as the owner by declaring bankruptcy but subsequently still maintaining control over the company as its largest creditor. [0] (Ctrl+f for "Sun Capital" in the page).

Disclaimer: I am an employee of a firm that was somewhat recently acquired by private equity.

[0]: https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/private-equi...
Title is clickbait; study is somewhat interesting and seems to concern the long-term externalities of hurricanes. But the "millions" pertains to a cumulative total over the past ~90 yrs:

> All told, they estimate tropical storms since 1930 have contributed to between 3.6 million and 5.2 million deaths in the U.S. – more than all deaths nationwide from motor vehicle accidents, infectious diseases, or battle deaths in wars during the same period. Official government statistics put the total death toll from these storms at about 10,000 people.