skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think this somewhat misses an important nuance. Japanese PCs had to be different early on because of the complexities of the written language. All of the important characters could be handled in just a few bits (7 or 8) and low resolution in Western markets, with different fonts and character maps dropped in to support a few different alphabets.

But in CJK countries, things were much harder and the entire I/O system had to be significantly more capable than what might pass for usable elsewhere. This meant larger ROMs, larger framebuffers, higher resolution displays, more complex keyboarding systems, the works. Everything was harder and more expensive for a long time. A common add-on was ROMs with Kanji (Chinese derived characters) support in the same way a person in the West might buy a new sound card or get a VGA card. Except this was just so you could use your new $1200 computer (in today's money) to write things on.

Back then, given limited memory, you also ended up with a ton of different display modes that offered different tradeoffs between color, resolution, and refresh. Because of the complex character sets, these Japanese systems tended to focus on fewer colors and higher resolution while the west focused on more colors at a lower res in the same or less memory space (any fans of mode 13h?). The first PC-98 (the 9801) shipped in 1982 with 128k of RAM and a 640x400 display with special display hardware. The equivalent IBM-PC shipped with 16KB of RAM and CGA graphics which could give you a display no higher than 640x200 with 1-bit colors but was mostly used in 320x200 with 4 (terrible) colors.

Even with similar base architectures, these formative differences meant that lots of the guts of the systems were laid out different to accommodate this -- especially in the memory maps.

By the time "conventional" PCs were able to handle the character display needs (sometime in the mid-90s), they were selling in the millions of units per anum which drove down their per unit prices.

The Japanese market was severely fractured and in a smaller addressable market. Per unit costs were higher, but the software was largely the same. Porting the same businessware to half a dozen platforms cost too much. So now the average user of the Japanese systems had a smaller library of software which was more or less a copy of what was on IBM PCs, on more expensive hardware -- market forces solved the rest.

(btw, the FM Towns, IIR, also had specialized graphics hardware to produce arcade-like graphics with tiles and sprites and so on, making it even more different)

Some of this history also informs why home computing lagged in Japan compared to the West despite having all of the other prerequisites for it to take off.

graphics

https://www.pc98.org/

memory maps

https://radioc.web.fc2.com/column/pc98bas/pc98memmap_en.htm

https://wiki.osdev.org/Memory_Map_(x86)
Isn’t the median price going to be heavily weighted by metropolitan prices since that’s where the vast majority of homes are located?
But I think this is probably still need to be approved by EU and a few asian regulators at the very least.
Sometimes you can't help it, sometimes you are related to those people, and sometimes they also can't help it. If I'm out with a friend who has a severe disorder that means he can't help but make a loud "whoop" sound every minute or so, am I a bad person for feeling embarrassment, even if that feeling is uncontrollable? People don't usually choose to feel embarrassed. It's as helpful to tell somebody to not feel embarrassed as it is to tell somebody with verbal tics to simply not have them.
Everything you are looking for is provided in the Epilogue of Spivak. For instance, in chapter 28, you will be able to show that 0a = 0 in any field. In chapter 29, you will rigorously define the reals as well as the operations on them. You will also show that they form a complete ordered field, which allows you to use the results from chapter 28. In chapter 30 you will show that all complete ordered fields are "essentialy the same" as the real numbers---i.e., the real numbers are "unique."

At the moment I'd advise not worrying much about the construction of the reals. Ideas such as limits, continuity, differentiation, integration, and even fields are much more important for later mathematics and applications (abstract algebra, topology, geometry, physics) than the construction of the reals. Constructing the reals is pretty much something you do a couple of times (traditionally once with Dedkind cuts, as in Spivak, and once more with Cauchy sequences) and then never think about again.

Edit: I'm not sure what you mean by "something I could code." If you want something that you could type in a proof assistant you might have some luck looking at the mathlib library of Lean https://leanprover-community.github.io/mathlib4_docs/Mathlib....
Show HN: I built a Python script uses AI to organize files, runs 100% locally
I wanted a file management tool that actually understands what my files are about. Previous projects like LlamaFS (https://github.com/iyaja/llama-fs) aren't 100% local and require an AI API. So, I created a Python script that leverages AI to organize local files, running entirely on your device for complete privacy. It uses Google Gemma2 2B and llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b models for processing.

Note: You won't need any API key and internet connection to run this project, it runs models entirely on your device.

What it does:

- Scans a specified input directory for files

- Understands the content of your files (text, images, and more) to generate relevant descriptions, folder names, and filenames

- Organizes the files into a new directory structure based on the generated metadata

Supported file types:

- Images: .png, .jpg, .jpeg, .gif, .bmp

- Text Files: .txt, .docx

- PDFs: .pdf

Supported systems:
macOS, Linux, Windows

It's fully open source.

For demo & installation guide - GitHub: (https://github.com/QiuYannnn/Local-File-Organizer)

Shoutout to Nexa SDK (https://github.com/NexaAI/nexa-sdk). I discovered it on Reddit and it made this project possible by allowing LM and VLM running entirely on local devices.

What do you think about this project? Is there anything you would like to see in the future version?

Thank you!
Surely you're not implying that auto manufacturers have never misrepresented anything about their products, and gotten into legal trouble because of it.
It's easier on people emotionally to blame the drug rather than blame the person.
These are basic items, much of it safety gear.

This is a state of the art micro computer. Of course it will require tools to handle correctly.
Yikes. I can't imagine the circumstances where this would be a good option for software that's going to be used beyond a quick one-shot job.
TBF, however, random guys (and gals, and all that lieth betwixt and beyond) are who effect most of HN's moderation through votes and flags.

So if someone such as tptacek suggests that a comment goes beyond HN guidelines, it's generally worth consideration.
Best Police album
Thank you for the reply. I'll take a look at Tech-DNA
I’ve so far regarded MMT as Keynesian but “now with even more very-convenient-for-the-government conclusions!”, but honestly I haven’t read up on it in detail. I will check it out, thanks.

EDIT Wait, haven’t we just reversed the order? If you tax a person the same amount as the government printed, and someone ended up with the printed money, then for the purpose of this topic it’s equivalent to taxing first and just spending the money. So it has the same problem.

The only difference is that the taxation is decoupled from the printing, so the government doesn’t need any special permission from congress to spend. But from an asset ownership perspective the effect is the same, no?
My reading of the research is quite a bit of positive impact of video game usage on mental health, and the negatives come up when they take away from healthy habits due to extreme use (exercise, socialization, education).

And it’s hard to tell causality of the negative side (maybe video games are being used to cope with something terrible)

https://www.charliehealth.com/post/video-games-and-mental-he...
Yes! And it's very interesting to consider two additional things:

1. how seemingly "less capable" technologies win out in this evolutionary environment

2. how plentiful VC (and to some extent government funding for R&D) distorts normal "evolutionary" forces in a market
I consider Tracy the state of the art for profiling C++ applications. It’s straightforward to integrate, toggle, gather data, analyze, and respond. It’s also open source, but rivals any product you’d have to pay for:

https://github.com/wolfpld/tracy
Yes, it stands for "Personal Computer Platform".
That removes a lot of the content. Much of this is inside clickable menus that reader mode doesn't capture.

For a site that is apparently for people with disorders, the accessibility is somewhat appalling.
Sheesh.

What do we do? Are we so apathetic that we don’t care?

I guess we all just feel that caring requires too much effort and lack of a personal return on investment.

My activism will start and end here with this comment.

Maybe things will be better in the future.

More than likely not.
Indeed, a very smart compiler would be necessary, perhaps too much for the current compiler art, like the itaniun.

But...how about specializing to problems with inherent paralelism? LLMs maybe?
Most Dynamic Micropolitans (2022)
This is fascinating. For a lay person, what is a good book to understand this? Or blog?

Edit: found this below to start

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_radio_burst#FRB_220610
Ive always thought that software is a lot more of a creative expression than we give it credit for. As much as we try to think of it as an engineering discipline, code exists primarily to communicate to other humans before machine. There’s a lot of humanity in writing and reading code and therefore a lot of ways to observe art in it.
The definition used on https://wiki.bbchallenge.org/wiki/Collatz-like for a Collatz-like function is:

> a partial function defined piecewise depending on the remainder of an input modulo some number

(for the best known Collatz conjecture specifically: 2)

and

> A Collatz-like problem is a question about the behavior of iterating a Collatz-like function.

(Regarding the first part, there are other functions that do not use modulo to decide on which "path" to take but some other property of the input number (e.g. its primality: https://mathoverflow.net/questions/205911/a-collatz-like-fun...) that may perhaps also be described as Collatz-like.)

The notation for tape states is documented here: https://wiki.bbchallenge.org/wiki/Directed_head_notation

I think part of the reason why it's so difficult to learn more about this kind of problem is that humanity has simply not found the right language for it yet. And in the case of not only describing, but solving them, a terminology/classification for the "shapes" of halting or non-halting behavior of such systems is also still largely missing.
GPUs have wavefronts so I assume it is similar? Here is a page that explains it:

https://gpuopen.com/learn/occupancy-explained/
That's the problem now though. Doctors do not like to prescribe these things anymore, even when they're warranted.

I have a family member going through cancer. This type causes extreme pain. The doctors recommended a Tylenol course first, because they were afraid he was just drug seeking.

So he sat in misery for two months before we finally had a good doctor prescribe appropriate opioid medication. Now he can focus enough to eat and walk instead of just being in pain.

It's almost like there should be a nuanced view of problems.
I got mine from M5Stack and works quite well, I’m submitting data every 5 seconds using EspHome/HomeAssistant
> magnetars, which are just absurd objects.

"I sometimes think the universe is a machine, designed for the perpetual astonishment of astronomers" -Sir Arthur C Clarke (1980)
> You can't use individual functions without knowing the data structures they operate on, and info about data structures is usually not present in the final binary.

It turns out you can. Linkers do not care about types or data structures, all they do is lay out sections (a fancy name for arrays of bytes) inside a virtual address space and fix up relocations.

I've written case studies on my blog where I've successfully carved out whole pieces out of a program and reuse them without reverse-engineering them. I've even made a native port of a ~100 KiB Linux a.out x86 proprietary program from 1995 to Windows and all I had to do was write 50 lines of C to thunk between the glibc 1.xx-flavored object file and the MinGW runtime.

One user of my tooling managed to delink a 7 MiB executable for a 2009 commercial Windows video game in six weeks (including the time required to fix all the bugs in my alpha-quality COFF exporter and x86 analyzer), leaving out the C standard library. They then relinked it at a different base address and the new executable works so well it's functionally indistinguishable from the original one. They didn't reverse-engineer the thousands of functions or the hundreds of kilobytes of data inside that program to do so.

This is complete heresy according to conventional computer sciences, which is why you can't apply it here. I'd be happy to talk at length about it, but without literature on the topic I'm forced to explain this from basic principles every time and Hacker News isn't the place to write a whole thesis.
As someone living with PTSD, distraction is absolutely the best tool for dealing with the effects. I'm lucky enough to have a career that does that job for me, I get really absorbed in what I'm working on and then I don't have to think about the awful things that happened to me.
It definitely fulfills the same itch as painting or photography for me weirdly. But that goes away the more “corporate” and tedious it is. But luckily my job gives me a lot of leeway. It can be and largely is a creative field I’d say. There’s room for traditional and formal engineering in it, but I don’t think that’s the majority
While the Itanium failed the Ageia PPU did succeed with its compiler. It was acquired by NVIDIA and became CUDA.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageia
The United States. That's apparently all of Western society now according to the gp comment.

Canada had a heroin problem for a while. Is that still a thing? And you really don't hear much about European countries having an opioid crisis. Am I just not getting my news from the right places?
I thought this community was against algorithmic feeds? Shows what I know about Hacker News commenters.
Fully prepared to eat these words, but what live service games does Sony have that are in the same realm as Counter-Strike, DOTA, and TF2?

That's why Valve fans will need less convincing than Sony.
Whatsapp doesn't have access to my contact data (which is a pita) because I didn't give that to them, unless you're claiming that there's a bug in the permissions model that Facebook is exploiting to upload it anyway. Which I'm sure the but bounty program at Apple would be delighted to pay you for, if you have any actual evidence of this happening.
Next Frontiers in Game Creation: EA Concept Imagination to Creation [video]
No, this is not at all the obvious explanation. It could, conceivably, be the correct explanation, but it isn't the obvious one.

Someone else mentioned two xx in the Medium name, there are two xx in the email in this post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40335319

So the existence of another Medium account with one x is a fairly weak argument for the case so many people are making here. I'm not sure on what basis you all are coming to the conclusion you're coming to.

Edit: this is fairly persuasive, however: https://x.com/Vjeux/status/1837639825203384412

That had not been posted when I wrote this, just a brand new green-name account talking about an unused Medium account with one of two variations on the name which Vjeux uses online.

It does seem more likely at this point that his HN account, and not his Twitter account, is the compromised one.
I'm going to be a little negative, so please bare with me.

The world needs artisanal programmers like it needs artisanal attorneys. See: https://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/i-am-an-artisanal-attorn...

How is an artisanal attorney different from any other attorney? Like other artisans, I pay close attention to my ingredients and process; I am intimately involved in all stages of creation. Other attorneys print their documents on paper they buy in mass-produced boxes, tens of thousands of sheets at a time, using ink that mechanically jets onto the page. I make my own paper by hand,...

This article is so similar to this satire I couldn't believe so many commenters were taking it so seriously.

If you are new to programming, this is a mostly ridiculous notion which plays to your vanity. While admiring your reflection, be careful not to fall, face first, in the pool.

Now, how do I know? Because this isn't the first time I've encountered this idea. Jonathan Blow, in his own way, has been making the same silly argument for years. As I've said before -- his frame of "programmers were real men once" makes each video/rant seem both one note and self aggrandizing.

For him, it seems to be a marketing exercise, but also an intellectual muddle, which with one breath tells you to romantically forget this is an engineering discipline, with economics and tradeoffs and constraints and compromises, and with the next, which actually helpfully(!), tells you about physical constraints of the machine. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data-oriented_design

The problem as I see it is that Blow and Muratori are half right about most things. They're almost always right about the particulars of programming (strict OOP patterns and "Clean Code" aren't great for performance). It's their frame that "civilization is in decline" (or "programmers were real men once" as here) that is wrong/catastrophic. Civilization simply has different priorities than game engine priorities (performance is a constraint, but not the primary constraint of most software).
The blog has useful entries for C++ 20 Modules & Coroutines plus a series on CMake.
Same here, however minimal. I've also installed openwebui so the instance has a local web interface, and then use tailscale to access my at home LAN when put and about on the cellphone. (Goes16 weather data, ollama, a speed cam setup, and esphome temp sensors around the home / property).

It's been pretty flawless, and honestly pretty darn useful here and there. The big guns go faster and do more, but I'd prefer not having every interaction logged etc.

6core 8th gen i7 I think, with a 1050ti. Old stuff. And it's quick enough on the smaller 7/8b models for sure.
Thinking HN commenters are a singular monolithic group with one shared opinion, in unison, is probably your first mistake.
Is a non-network connected car model at risk of all cars being taken over by a economical sustained assault by highly trained adversaries in a foreign country? No.

Is a network connected car vulnerable to such attacks? Yes.

The product decision to make the car network connected introduced a new, previously non-existent risk. If you want to introduce that new risk, you (and anybody else who wants to introduce such risk) are responsible for the consequences. You can just not do it if that scares you.

“But other people get to profit off of endangering society and I want to do it too but I do not want to be responsible for the consequences” is not a very compelling argument for letting you do that.

That you need to reach higher standards for new functionality you want to add is the entire point. It is how it works in every other industry. Demanding lower standards because you want to do things that are harder and more dangerous is ass backwards.
It probably doesn't sound right, because it's simply not true.

First of all, Noranett isn't a power company - it's a grid operator. It runs the wires, but it doesn't sell electricity. The 20% increase is true, but that only affects the transport fee[0], not the cost of the electricity itself. The price increase is solely because the cost to maintain the infrastructure remains essentially the same, but there are now fewer people paying for it.

Second, it only impacts the municipality of Hadsel, which has a bit over 8000 inhabitants. The current connection costs are about 500-1500 NOK / month, plus 0.24 NOK / kWh[1]. The average household electricity use is about 1400 kWh / month[2], so the average total grid fee for someone in Hadsel would currently be about 1336 NOK, which is $127 - and that's probably an overestimation.

So no, a rise of 20% over ~$130 is not $300. They probably meant a rise of 300 NOK, which is about $28, and indeed a rise of 20% from my very rough $130 grid fee estimate. The impact on their overall electricity bill will of course be quite a bit less.

Besides, the grid fees in Hadsel were actually artificially low: the fees for nearby municipalities were significantly higher, and saw larger price increases[3]. If anything, the Bitcoin mining operation temporarily subsidized the local population's electricity network!

[0]: https://www.noranett.no/media/pressemeldinger/okning-av-nett...

[1]: https://www.noranett.no/nettleiepriser/nettleiepriser-hadsel...

[2]: https://www.ssb.no/en/energi-og-industri/energi/statistikk/e...

[3]: https://www.noranett.no/media/artikler/nettleie-i-hadsel-med...
There has been past coverage of the rare Rh-null "golden blood" type, which lacks all of the Rh family of antigens. Only 9 donors worldwide.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rh_blood_group_system#Rhnull_p...
Work to advocate for the elimination of the death penalty in your state and support groups like the Innocence Project are small but actionable steps.
This applies to mobile apps a lot. If you're not careful (especially when using the iOS/Android simulators too much) you can create tiny awkward hit boxes for buttons that are difficult to tap with fingers
H. P. Williams' book is often recommended for learning MIP formulations.

However, I've found a cheat sheet to be much more helpful and practical for MIPs (not LPs but MIPs):

https://msi-jp.com/xpress/learning/square/10-mipformref.pdf

This contains the primitives you typically use in MIPs.
I do think these are good suggestions for anyone getting started with CLIs. Initially they struck me as a bit redundant, but only because the point I meant to make was that because I've already been doing most of that for ages, I'm happy to delegate that to a good gui if one comes along, since that is both more enjoyable, less error prone (mostly), and less tedious. Notes, comments, and LLM generated commands are lovely, but needing to rely on them less, particularly in situations where you can perform some common subset of tasks with better information layout, interface, and progress/state feedback, is worth paying for sometimes.

FFMpeg is a good example though of one I'm happy to just have my notes on, but since I do literally only ever use it for one or two types of tasks, I'm happy to have that sit behind the scenes. Others might use it in many versatile ways, for which I'd be grateful to have those options readily available in my terminal.
You can also do <label><input> label</input>
You Don't Need Permission to Do Your Job
Which are expensive.
Very interesting! Thanks for posting this!
It's very useful if you don't have access to the original source code.

You can do things like decompiling a program piece by piece like the Ship of Theseus. The linker will mend both original and rewritten parts together into a working executable at each step.

If you change the functionality of the rewritten parts, you have a modding framework that's far more malleable than what traditional binary patching allows.

As for quick one-shot jobs, I've created an assert extractor for a PlayStation video game by stuffing its archive code inside a Linux MIPS executable and calling into it, without figuring out the proprietary archive format or how the code inside the delinked object file actually works.