skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Vapour: A typed superset of the R programming language
Show HN: Extend-O-Matic: Polyphonic Synth and Electric Piano
Hey HN!

Today I wanted to share a project with you that I've been working on called the Extend-o-Matic.

It's a hybrid of a polyphonic synthesizer and electric piano. It can be played like a traditional synth, or with its chord bank tailored to extended chords.

Core Features:
- Screenless Workflow

- Subtractive Synth Engine + Electric Piano Sounds

- Chord Bank with inversion functionality + manual chords

- Effects (Chorus, Phaser, Delay, Reverb, EQ, Compressor, Tremolo, Vibrato)

- 12dB/oct and 24dB/oct Resonant Lowpass Filters

- Note / Chord Arpeggiator

- Mono / Polyphonic Mode (8 voices)

- Glide / Portamento

- Extensive Patch Storage

Happy to answer any questions!
I have had to work very, very, very hard to not be obese. Runs in the family, and I am literally always hungry. A slice of pizza sets off a reaction in my brain like cigarettes used to, and I get a huge buzz. Anything sweet makes me crave something else sweet 10x more. I've had periods of being bigger and periods of being smaller, but I think most people who'd meet me didn't immediately peg me as fat -- I have literally 20 years of weight measurements showing me bouncing between being in great shape and being a little bigger, the same 15kgs being gained and lost over and over.

These drugs are a god-send for me, because I am no longer constantly thinking about food all the fucking time, and I can easily eat normal people portions without having to burn huge amounts of self control on it.

The idea that the drugs are not "fair" is very strange thinking.
I worked at Amazon pre-covid and the funny thing is that even then Friday was WFH for at least 50% of the office.
> supporting interoperability for these protocols is a burden

Also an unprecedented and unacceptable privacy and security risk.

You would be allowing third parties the ability to continuously record your iPhone's screen. Which includes websites you browse, apps you open, health information, text messages etc.

And the Mac is so much open that you could do this, have a local model to transcribe it and ship it to a remote server without the user noticing.

There isn't a government or advertising company on this planet that wouldn't want to get at this information.
Simply not true. I once spoke to an old coworker (who's now a senior executive at a Fortune 500 company, not Apple). And he said in these large companies, there is so much discussion around risk, because the larger the company, the more of a juicy target they are for lawyers and lawsuits.

So the thought that Apple wouldn't have their ducks in a row isn't true. Especially since any feature they release, will be used by millions of people pretty quickly.

Just to be clear, I'm not claiming Apple doesn't give themselves special treatment in the App Store. They absolutely do (as you'd expect). Just pushing back on the notion that they wouldn't have documentation and all their legal stuff taken care of.
But they don’t get attention-public-funding enough to be profitable because of the garbage. The garbage is burying them in search results but also literally.
Pharmacies are absolutely pushing stuff, the DOJ has repeatedly investigated and fined pharmacies for things they did during the opioid epidemic. The entire industry is so incestuous that it's almost not even worth distinguishing as if the singleton Mom and Pop drug stores still exist, even if they do in some form these days.
> choose your team and manager very carefully

how can an outsider possibly do this?
Maybe the store has reasons to pretend they didn't sell you the sneakers.
I think those places need a prescription in order for insurance to pay for the machine, not to buy the machine.
A study cited this month in a Wall Street Journal article has the IT unemployment rate at 6%.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/it-unemployment-hits-6-amid-ove....
That Chevron Deference decision might change the authority that the FTC has in interpreting that.
When is a Minicar as Dangerous as a 3-Ton Truck? (IIHS death-rate data followup)
My experience is that working in an office is _much_ worse for distraction. Even if you're lucky enough not to be in open plan, the shoulder taps and quick chats easily demolish any chance of focus for me. At home I can knuckle down for a few hours and deal with something complex easily.
> I don't buy that the "heart of the game" is at the table. It's at the table where the game is being played, by the rules that the game sets up. In a way that no one had ever really played before, and a way everyone ended up playing since.

To an extent, yes, but while, as I responded to the GP just upthread, I think Gygax's view, at least with AD&D, was that every game should be played a certain way, I don't think that's what actually happened. Every D&D campaign I have been in has had plenty of house rules, ignored some of the standard rules, and in the end, if what the rules said didn't make sense at the table, the rules got thrown out and everyone just roleplayed what made sense at the table. So in the end, I think the heart of the game is at the table; that's where the actual stories are made. The rules are a helpful framework for cooperative storytelling, but they don't and shouldn't be the final determiner of what happens in your world.
dupe: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41558554
I always take a full disk snapshot before full upgrades like this (boot into recovery and this is straightforward with a usb disk, or use carbon copy cloner) but yep updates in the Apple eco system are (knock on wood) very painless.

Back in the day before things like homebrew it was far worse... the days of macports and mod_python to run your Django app are fortunately behind us.
> been doing multiversey stuff for a long time

Yes, everything in the movies/TV is derived from comic book. Comic books are extremely niche so movie content is new and novel to most movie viewers.

Multiverse / reboots / retcons also helped kill comic book popularity. It was a bad idea there as well! https://youtu.be/0PlwDbSYicM?si=iOlB2xYP8Cm1PwXc

> they've milked every bit of nostalgia you may have for their characters

No, it's not nostalgia. Marvel Film's greatest achievement is they took C and D tier characters and made them A tier. Iron Man was not super popular prior to the films. No one had even heard of Guardians of the Galaxy. Prior to the Marvel Cinematic Universe the most popular Marvel characters were Spider-Man and X-men. The film rights of whom had been previously sold to Sony and Fox.

In any case, I don't see how any of this makes them "shady". Not entertaining? Maybe. Shady? I honestly don't even know what that means in this context. Superhero movies strike me as extremely low on the scale of evil. Making mass market entertainment? Oh no the horror! /s
I’ve already upgraded everything in my home. All our phones, our watches, our HomePods, our laptops, and our iPads, and the AppleTv.

It’s pretty cool! Still playing with things but upgrade went smoothly and I like the customizability.
The article steps around the fact that Ozempic encourages poor nutrition and entrenches body dysmorphia. Working out and eating responsibly not only creates far more longevity, but it mentally empowers you to be the custodian of your own wellness.
> This is not the case with Ozempic. If you take it to lose weight then cessation will cause rapid weight gain. You'll be stuck with it for the rest of your life, for something that can [again] usually be permanently solved with other forms of treatment.

This is not true. If you stop taking GLP-1 meds, you will revert back to whatever it was you were like prior to taking them, unless you have made significant lifestyle changes.

So: you take a GLP-1 med, change nothing, lose a bunch of weight, get off it, and still eat McDonald’s every day? Yeah, you’ll gain it back.

But if you exercise regularly (specifically strength training) and adjust your diet, which is what every single doctor worth their salt will tell you you must do, then you can get off of it over time or go to a much lower dose.

These drugs are not and should not be prescribed to people who are simply “temporarily overweight.”

It is not like magically getting off the GLP-1 meds makes you ravenous; it’s all about whether or not you’ve changed anything while on it.
Beware of generalizing behaviors and qualities based off people races and origins. This is what is called racism and is frowned upon or illegal in many places.

If it helps you, I have one counter example handy: I have had an excellent Indian manager.
It’s still kind if garbage content
Written like someone who's never lost weight in their life. You don't lose weight by working out, unless you're at like 4+ hours per day. It only takes a couple minutes to eat more calories than a typical workout session burns.

What matters is convincing your entire body that you're not in danger of starvation. That it's not a dire emergency that you're expending more calories than you're consuming. That that millions of years of evolved emergency systems no longer are leading you in the direction you desire. And keeping your focus on that for every minute of the 6+ hours per day where your body is screaming that you need more food.

GLP-1 agonists very slightly help with that. Ok, they probably help more than slightly if the dosage is tuned carefully, but you do need to worry more about side effects at higher doses as well. Medication is no panacea, but the fact is that we evolved in a very different environment than the one in which we now live. Many people benefit from some help bringing our body's impulses into sync with our new environment.
Most likely the second last version of macOS supporting Intel Macs.

That is what Apple is not telling you with this announcement.
> sui generis creation of Gygax

Isn't it the opposite? Gygax lived in a world of sword and sorcery books, short stories and pulp comics. If you want his model of "medieval world", it's more like that: you have independent characters galore, few concerns about overall world economics or power structure (aside from the immediate interference with the heros).
Let’s call these 2 nodes N1 and N2.
The case you mention only works if N1 is connected to the network only through N2, in which case when the attacker’s nodes receive a new transaction from N2 there is plausible deniability for both N1 and N2.
In any other network topology, N1 and N2 are broadcasting their transactions to attackers node, which can then link then directly to N1 or N2.
So no, this attack doesn’t require to own all the network.

I don’t know which threshold makes the attack practical though. I guess there is probably no threshold: the bigger the share of the network you own, the bigger your percentage of successful IP tagging is.
I think this is heavily life-and-career-stage dependent IMO.

If you're young, early career, and don't have dependents, you should absolutely prioritize in-office.

Otherwise, the calculus varies.
Loved it! I didn't quite get the significance at first, but then it dawned on me when I got to the visual acuity part.

The problem of measuring smaller and smaller things is one of the constant and most important problems in science.

One thing I missed, is there a key formula that is worth remembering here?

My user test: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6HJ6KDWxGA&list=PLnN2hBdpEL...
In software engineering we still haven't developed a good metric for output of our work, so it's hard to see how they could even have decent data. It's an open question how we can measure productivity when each task is substantially different from previous tasks.
looking forward to use userspace filesystems with fskit !
Oncall isn't user support. Amazon (and a lot of services) are supposed to work correctly even outside of office hours and someone needs to be able to fix things. That's one downside of software as a service.
My understanding is that 8GB is plenty enough to play with small models (7B or so) in a lightly quantized version. (Especially since model params are kept on disk and only really "mapped" to RAM, with it acting as a cache.) 4GB is where it gets dicey, as you're constrained to tiny models that just don't do anything very interesting.
I used to look down on Crank like it was the next coming of Flash Lite, but after finishing a project in QML and realizing most of the heavy lifting was connecting the Javascript components to business logic C++ code running underneath through their clunky interface methods... it's pretty much the same thing.

And I bet Crank will actually run on a Cortex-M3.
I thought 3 days/week would settle as the equilibrium -- enough to maintain real estate value while still paying lip service to employee wishes, and still achieving the stealth layoff of blocking full remote work.
The main takeaway is that Sam Altman is not on this committee.
You do not understand how GPT models work. It does more than 'importance weighting' and an absolutely massive amount of knowledge about the world is encoded in those weights.

---

I asked ChatGPT to help you better understand how it works:

There are a few common misconceptions in that comment regarding how large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 actually work, so let's clarify those:

Markov Chain Comparison:

LLMs are not based on Markov chains, though they might seem similar at a high level due to their ability to predict the next word in a sequence.
Markov chains rely on simple probabilistic transitions between states, often based on a very limited "memory" of previous states (e.g., the previous word or two). LLMs, on the other hand, use a transformer architecture, which allows them to consider long-term dependencies and relationships in text. This means they can account for the context of many preceding words, sentences, or even paragraphs when generating responses.
No "Understanding":

While it’s true that LLMs do not have consciousness, self-awareness, or human-like understanding, the term “understanding” can be misleading. They operate by modeling patterns in language, but in a highly sophisticated way.
LLMs capture a deep representation of the relationships between words, sentences, and broader concepts through billions of parameters, giving them a kind of statistical "understanding" of language. This enables them to generate coherent and contextually appropriate responses, even if it’s not the same as human comprehension.
Importance Weighting and Search:

LLMs do not search through predefined sets of phrases or apply “importance-weighting” to words in the way described. They generate text dynamically by using the probabilities derived from the training data they’ve seen.
The model calculates probabilities for each possible next word in the sequence, taking into account the entire context (not just key terms), and selects the next word based on these probabilities. This process is not about tagging words as important but about predicting the next most likely word or phrase given the context.
Not Just "Anti-Nonsense Filtering":

The quality of LLM output doesn’t arise from filtering out nonsense but from the underlying model’s ability to capture the complexity of human language through its learned representations. While there's a certain degree of training that discourages incoherent outputs, the coherent responses you see are mostly due to the model's training on vast, high-quality datasets.
"Thoroughly Stupid":

It's more accurate to say that LLMs are highly specialized in a particular domain: the patterns of human language. They excel at generating contextually relevant responses based on their training data. While they lack human-style cognition, calling them "stupid" overlooks the complexity of what they achieve within their domain.
In summary, LLMs use advanced neural networks to predict and generate language, capturing sophisticated patterns across large datasets. They don't "understand" in a human sense, but their ability to model language goes far beyond simple mechanisms like Markov chains or weighted searches.
We built machines that could do calculations far faster than humans could long before we had any idea what neural configuration humans were using to do them. We gave those machines short and long term memory without understanding how human brains do the same. Then we wrote software on those machines that could outperform the best humans in chess without even the slightest inclination on how human brains do that. And then we started making software that vastly exceeded those early chess bots when we didn't even understand how that software performed its calculations (ie. neural networks). And now we have software that can read and write that we understand even less than we understood earlier NNs.

Empirically, it does not seem necessary to understand one version of a thing to produce a superior version. Why should the remaining unsolved cognitive tasks break that pattern?
PostgreSQL 12.3 Jepsen Analysis (2020)
In the developer section (developer.apple.com) Xcode 16 s available.
Getting results before a doctor can interpret them is a tormenting experience, but I would hesitate using ChatGPT for anything specific, because sometimes the oncologist can ask for a re-do read by the radiologist. ChatGPT will not interpret these situations correctly.
If they hire from india on h1b they are almost guaranteed that person wouldn't be able to leave for amazon for a very long time if they apply for a perm process.

They are getting that retention premium that won't be possible if they hire locally.
You’re bilingual like me?

UG means Universal Grammar? I guess you have me pegged as a Chomskyist because it makes sense to me. But I can’t understand you taking a Chinese class made you an embittered opponent of some advanced, nerdy linguistic theory. For my part I wouldn’t be able to understand it at a technical level.
Exactly the point why Proton exists!
Nobody looks into it because leadership wants to assert dominance. If some top floor, corner office, personal assistant type of person wants to see people suffering, they get to see people suffering. Cubicles, hot desking, howling ventilation and all. Commutes don't matter - the CXO might even have a driver.
The FTC rule banning noncompetes was blocked by the courts: https://www.npr.org/2024/08/21/g-s1-18376/federal-judge-toss...

As explained by the FTC, "A district court issued an order stopping the FTC from enforcing the rule on September 4. The FTC is considering an appeal. The decision does not prevent the FTC from addressing noncompetes through case-by-case enforcement actions." (https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/features/noncompetes)
What you want is a receipt signed by the seller. Most sellers do send confirmation emails, but don't digitally sign them. Maybe they should.
It would help with validating returns.

There's a startup in this. Maybe for B2B commerce.
Just checked: on developer.apple.com in the downoad section, there is, under applications, XCode 16.
If it's so clear then tell us what they need to do.

Because the DMA was designed not to be specific about what companies are required to do to be in compliance.
from what I understand from seeing youtube videos of it in action, you can use python functions libraries for the calculation part, but one of the strenghts of VBA was that you could interact with the Excel software itself, and that bit hasn't been replicated in python.

people liked they could set up scripts in VBA for automating routine tasks, but hated the VBA language syntax, from what I've understood, and wished they could program those functions in some more popular language like Python etc. But that isn't what this is.
> I know people who are slim

Do you know that they were _always_ slim?

> Crabs in a bucket

My attitude has nothing to do with your consumption. I have a negative opinion of the drug. I don't have a negative opinion of people who feel desperate enough to use it.

I mean, turn your thinking around, why is being thin so important to them that they would take a very powerful class of drug just to achieve it? Why then would they waste a minute of their time afterwards being worried about external opinions of how they achieved it?

What's actually important here? Their health and appearance or the opinions of their peers? Are they altering their appearance solely for the opinion of their peers?

> and "if you were a better person, you wouldn't need this".

I think you've accidentally encoded that precise understanding here.
What is is about this site? The style or whatever it is, is seemingly calming. Love it.
All game engines that matter support Metal since it exists, and there are plenty of AAA studios targeting iDevices.

Studios that don't care about Linux, and leave Valve to translate their Windows ports free of charge.
Scientific American Endorses Kamala Harris
High-Density PCBs just got easier with Smart Vias
I know that Apple wants their cake and eat it too, looking for ways to wiggle out of this while still dodging their responsibilities. This is why they need years and a small army of lawyers.
I already own two 2560x1440 non-Apple displays that work flawlessly with my Windows PC, they cost $250 apiece, and there is absolutely no way in hell I am selling them and buying a $1599 display because Apple can't fix their egregiously bad software. I'll just live with slightly blurry icons whenever I want to use them with my Mac.
What's the chemistry? Li-ion, no thanks. LiFePO4, now I'm interested.
Try walking while carrying a heavy load.
And a lot of A players are unique snowflakes so they have to be compatible with other unique snowflakes so it can be hard to fill the gaps. You need a few Bs who are moldable to fill gaps
5 days in office , 2 days work from home. AWS.
There are valid policy-based arguments to be had against student debt loan forgiveness, but the personal grievance of "why should they get a break when I paid off my debt?" is not one.
I've seen these be referred to as "calm companies" which is nice.
In general I'm very optimistic about the usefulness of AI to programmers but I can't think of much worse than an Excel sheet that's bundles a bunch of AI generated Python code from a quality assurance/correctness point of view!
how much difficulty did the adult incarceration cause during your travels?
How's your experience? I'm tempted but have so many questions:

- Which mac are you using?
- Any missing hardware support?
- Dual booting?
- How's Bluetooth?
- Anything else that was surprising, scary, or disappointing?
> Or maybe Bluetooth automatically switching to "reduced audio quality" (I know, I know, it's a feature, not a bug...)

I don't think I've experienced a single system where Bluetooth is working well. Linux, Windows, MacOS, Android, iOS all have their share of Bluetooth issues. The Bluetooth spec must be beyond broken.
I suppose that if you're in a technical track it's more typical to lug a notebook around campus.

But what I observed in community college was classrooms full of desktop systems where the students were expected to log in and do classwork or keep up with a lecture. It was a hassle to shove those aside and interface a personal system with the campus network instead. (No you don't get an Ethernet port!)

Even the coffeehouse had desktop systems where I'd perch to do English homework. It was straightforward to go to the library and find a machine, check out a Chromebook for free, use their WiFi, or must you really bring your own?

In non-tech, General Ed classes, students brought their phones, period. They purchased/rented eBook textbooks and used their phones. I brought a notebook a couple of times and felt ridiculous.

Also, having a mobile phone is practically mandatory for students now, so if you're already carrying/charging/using the smartphone then it's illogical to possess a second device (that happens to be the #1 theft target as well.)
early adopters of java-RT