skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Crystals are very uniform and yet have very low entropy: at 0 K the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero. See <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_law_of_thermodynamics#Ex...>.

Your second paragraph is not a million miles off from Boltzmannian entropy, the log relationship between a macrostate and the set of microstates that match the macrostate. A very carefully layered milk-on-coffee matches no microstates in which there is milk at the bottom of the arrangement or coffee at the top. A fully stirred mix can have a milk molecule and a coffee molecule anywhere in the mix: this matches a much larger set of microstates than the layered case.

It's mostly molecular translation and rotation (hurried up by the stirring) that causes the layered milk-on-coffee to homogenize and come into thermal equilibrium.

But if we take the perfect crystal case, any microscopic rotation or translation within the crystal makes the crystal LESS uniform but also dramatically increases the crystal's entropy.

If we smash the crystal into dust the entropy will become much higher, but the dust will be arranged much less uniformly than when the crystal was intact.

> entropy is a measure of order

Yes.

> or how mixed things are

Maybe.

> Entropy can also be understood as uniformity

Sometimes. There are lots of things in nature which are highly uniform but have very low entropy, with entropy increasing as they become less uniform.
I've downloaded 'ngrams-en-20150817'. Please drop link that can teach me how to apply ngrams file.

Thanks.
It makes apps like Snapchat, Telegram and other apps that detect and prevent / block screenshots useless now.

I heard that Apple knows about this issue (via Feedback Assistant) and their development team said they won’t fix it.
Released my first solo game about humans taking robot jobs, a ludum dare winner
Though I've worked on a few game-sort-of-things professionally (the original 2017 /r/place being the most well known), this is my first solo project. This started as a Ludum Dare game jam entry with a friend, and we got #1 in the Fun category, #1 in the Innovative category, and #6 Overall out of ~2000 entries.

Honestly, I was blown away (called my friend after we finished but before reviews came out and both agreed: we weren't sure if this was even fun), and this was the push I needed to go off on my own and make something bigger.

I've been working on it for about 10 months, but a significant amount of that time was spent in things that didn't feel very productive: trying to figure out marketing / PR, trying to pitch publishers, setting up a business, play testing, and trying to jump through app store hoops. I think a lot of that will be easier next time.
Nobody would be investing in labor intensive industry because it doesn't return as well, so there would be a huge oversupply of labor, so prices would already be at their floor.

That doesn't seem to be what's happening though.
But that would always be the case. Twitter will not last forever; heck, it may not even be long before an open alternative like Bluesky competes with it. Would be interesting to know what percentage of the original mined data was from Twitter.
Man the AI folks really wrecked everything. Reminds me of when those scooter companies started just dumping their scooters everywhere without asking anybody if they wanted this.
> You can trash it all and make your own if you want to.

It is important to note, that if you want to do it, you have to roll up your sleeves and do it. Not to expect free manpower of others to provide it to you.

Or in another words: http://islinuxaboutchoice.com/
Sure, it's readable, but the font size is also set to be twice as big as what I set my font size as (2rem) so I would expect that. Assuming everyone sets their font to what is acceptable for them, what is the reason for setting this page to 2x that size?
Dozens arrested as crime message network dismantled
Ah, and an entire comment section not mentioning the new white whale of college admissions affirmative action:

The white male college student
I'm legitimately trying to understand how influential players like Larry Ellison, Big Tech, The Heritage Foundation, policy makers, etc. sleep at night.
>while their whole expensive engineering team was not

Question is maybe not if they could, but if they were allowed to. If the project is already out of development and a bug is detected, sometimes there's only a barebones team left that barely gets the time to do basic maintenance.
No, that idea has completely eluded me for the two decades I've spent in the workforce.

My bra size isn't even manufactured/sold in my country, and at one point in my life I was a size that was so rare one company in the world made it.

And this is without getting into non bra issues like my shoulders being much smaller than my bust by size and while some alterations are possible, changing the shoulders requires essentially redoing the entire garment if that can be done on a garment at all. Truly fitting professional clothing would essentially require bespoke or made to measure clothes and I'm not rolling in money. (And even if I was, I'd prefer to spend it on weird tinkering hobbies like the rest of you.)

The clothes that fit me best off the rack involve substantial amounts of stretch and are too casual for the workplace. (Mostly tops; skirts are very easily altered).
If you are gonna be a barister, wear gloves when handling receipts. Make sure they aren't flimsy plastic or latex gloves either. Otherwise you're gonna be absorbing all that yummy bpa from the thermal paper used for reciepts into your bloodstream.
Gnome 2.2 Release Notes
There are lots of companies with questionable practices in Hungary. One scam I am aware of is companies that are registered in the names of homeless people whose sole function is to churn out receipts that other companies buy at fractions of their face value in order to run “clean” expenses through their books and effectively launder money.

Would not surprise me if this turned out to be something like that.
Im trying, really trying to understand what BIGFAM is about. Is it related to gut biome, and what the bacteria eats, and trying to find the genes for that? Or am I completely lost.
Single functions and libraries can easily be imported in R, just like Python. It’s not necessary though, because the R community does a good job avoiding name conflicts (MASS aside).

I think the core issue is that the coordination benefits of having everyone use Python are overestimated, and the benefit of better statistical tools in R and SWE skilling up in statistics is underestimated.
Tax law is the highest paid field within law. High pay attracts smart people. Smart people could do something more beneficial to society with their time. (Source: I'm married to a tax lawyer)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41578676

See the last point.
That’s the tricky thing about conservation. These problems have multiple sources!

Every time a completely new energy-hungry product category is introduced, the carbon budget gets harder and harder to balance. In the 19X0s it was television and air conditioning, in the 2010s it was Bitcoin maybe, and now we’re adding AI. In the 2X00s, teleportation will double the typical commute energy usage, until heavy regulation and scientific advances will bring it down again.
You might find these recent posts from me useful;

South Indian Martial Art "Kalarippayattu" - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41540103

On Patanjala Yoga Sutras - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41538322 and https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41554764

In my previous comment i pointed to the essence that you need to focus on whether you are studying under a Master or by Yourself (harder). For actual techniques you can choose books by noted masters (eg. Mas Oyama, Masatoshi Nakayama) in the style you are interested in on Amazon. For insight/details into Martial Arts mental training and theories see the works translated by William Scott Wilson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Scott_Wilson).
> There is no political will to do so. I’ve never even seen it suggested even by the cringiest parties in any country in which I have lived.

No, you've just got MPs proposing to strip "tax exiles" of their citizenship and pointing to the US system at the same time: https://www.sudouest.fr/politique/depardieu-et-les-exiles-fi...

If you phrase it as "taxing expats" then, sure, no other country is proposing it. If you phrase it as "making sure the rich don't skip out on their taxes by moving to a low tax country" then it's going to be a lot more popular.
1 kJ is for reference enough to heat 1 L (33 oz) of water by ~0.25C (~0.5F). The machine will probably heat up a few degrees if you run inference once, but since it's essentially one big heatsink it will dissipate throughout the body and into the air. The problem begins when you run it continuously, as you would in a datacenter.
I agree that Apple being stubborn is part of this, but also the point of the DMA / antitrust in general is that large companies that control their own markets can't do some of the same things that less influential companies in the same space can do.

Apple Intelligence is a set of features for a platform (iOS) which the EU has determined to be a Gatekeeper platform which comes with special restrictions and oversight.

There's a regulatory difference between that and just releasing an LLM accessible via the web or an app download.
23andMe independent directors resign from board
> because it might be used by "the bad guys."

Start with a reality check. It's not "might". If it gets popular, this app will be used by criminals (in an objective way not politics-subjective) and you need to live with that idea. You'll be supporting people fighting for freedom as well as people planning murders for material gains. You don't get to choose and if it works correctly, you won't be able to tell them apart. You may end up running a 100% mafia-supported system. Are you ready for that?

(I'm suggesting that, because your message seems to be still very rose tinted...)
The Lebanese should then have a good answer to what they expected Israel to do with attacks being launched from Lebanese soil without the Lebanese doing anything about it. I understand, they were in the middle of a civil war, but that doesn't mean Israel has to be OK with attacks happening.

The occupation came as a result of continued attacks. And after Israel left in 2000, more and more attacks happened, culminating in the 2006 war.

The fact remains that if no there were no threats against Israel from Lebanon, there would be nothing for Lebanon to fear from Israel. It's repeatedly sought and made peace with every sovereign country with which is has no ongoing disputes.

(There are, as I understand it, some minor territorial disputes along the border. I'm sure these can be quickly resolved through negotiation, if all parties are serious about it.)
They forgot to mention, it specifically only works with snake oil.
People have used all sorts of abbreviations for the SI prefixes and SI units for as long as I can remember. I want to ask—are people not taught this in school? I had multiple introductions and revisions of the SI units and SI prefixes in secondary school, pre-university, and university, and every time, a wrong prefix or a wrong symbol was penalised by half a mark per question. I had classmates who mixed them up regularly and lost something like seven marks each time. They learnt very quickly not to, as those seven marks could make one or two grades' difference.

As someone who champions sole use of the SI units, this annoys me to no end.

I've seen things like 'kgs', 'gm', 'gms', 'mtr', 'mt', 'K' instead of 'k' (note capitals) for 'kilo-', mixing 'm' and 'M' (which are supposed to mean 'milli-' and 'mega-' respectively), usage of 'u' instead of 'μ' for 'micro-' (the one exception I will concede is 'mc' in the medical field, because people apparently confused 'μ' and 'm' which results in a 1000× over/underdose), and don't bother with the degree symbol (Alt+numpad 0176 on Windows, Option-Shift-8 on macOS) for °C, or use °K for kelvins (there is no degree, as it is an absolute scale and not relative to anything else, unlike the Celsius/centigrade and Fahrenheit scales), and so many other typographical errors.
Returning manufacturing to the US is a policy of both major parties right now.
All those writers who'll soon be out of job and/or already are and basically unhireable for their previous tasks should be paid for by the AI hyperscalers to write anything at all on one condition: not a single sentence in their works should be created with AI.

(I initially wanted to say 'paid for by the government' but that'd be socialising losses and we've had quite enough of that in the past.)
Nah

$100/$150 would be the "shelf price" of the Apple chips if they were in a box for sale like an Intel/AMD one

I believe you that the cost of the delivered (roll of) plastic chips is 50% bigger in the US. Probably less but it might be (also need to include the logistic cost to send it back to assembly on iPhone, etc)

Apple (pre-)pays for stuff and probably doesn't have any orders where Qty is under 7 digits with these big vendors.
Sad. I'd love to see by how much the use of world "delve" has increased since 2021...
I don't think anyone, especially civilians, love the idea of militants hiding among the population. I don't know why they must in order to stand up to a more powerful adversary. Regardless, this isn't some kind of rule. It's more of a consideration for that individual, like "should I be hanging out at home with my family while I'm engaged in a dirty war with an adversary that is willing to strike my family to get me?"

1. It's really rather common for active duty military to segregate themselves in combat zones. One of the reasons is that there is mutual benefit in reducing the exposure of civilians.

2. There is no alternative to a powerful entity getting its way. We have the word power simply to describe that capability. It's not an annointed status.
My mother is adopted and 23andMe and Ancestry have both provided me with a way of connecting with relatives as far apart as Canada and Australia. Before “revealing” my connection to them I’ve stated that in doing so I may reveal information about a shared ancestor that doesn’t put that person in the best light (my mum was the result of a short affair between a married man and a much younger woman at the end of World War 2). All have stated they are ok with this and in most cases had no contact to the ancestor involved anyway.
It's such a neat piece of software. But I fear how some of my more exotic hardware will behave (mostly Wooting keyboard and Swiftpoint mice).
Craigslist Founder Pledges $100M to Boost U.S. Cybersecurity
More than the specific list of which RAM is compatible check the table of how many slots/GB is supported at which speed. 1x 8 GB DIMM is a lot easier to drive than 4x 48 for example. Also keep in mind a lot of it depends more on the CPU than the motherboard itself, though both play a part, and the QVL should be a "safe bet". Particularly if you're willing to throw a bit of extra voltage at the RAM.

CUDIMs should help a bit with those scaling tables due to having the clock redrivers, but we'll have to see to be certain how much.
The calculations paper talks about the water cycle and explains that fresh clean water isn't well distributed. I wonder whether big evaporators like data centers might actually help to redistribute water across the planet.
Agreed. This is one reason I am so open and informal in certain digital communications at work. I'm in my mid-30s so I'm old enough to be a 'real adult' in the work place and be the change you want to see and all that.
Reading through their license it is very much open source. It gives the rights to "to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify, redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies" and thus covers the requirements of open source.
The free market is an innocent scapegoat that never existed in any government. As long as the State makes the laws, it is a form of state planning. The only different between Soviet Russia and modern Western countries is how heavy the hand of the state tries to move the needle of the market.

But I agree on the sentiment: everybody seems to have decided the state should control the market even further than it did three decades ago. Free market was never given a chance.
True. I can’t take RTO organizations seriously about productivity
From the submission you're commenting on:

> As one example, Philip Shapira reports that ChatGPT (OpenAI's popular brand of generative language model circa 2024) is obsessed with the word "delve" in a way that people never have been, and caused its overall frequency to increase by an order of magnitude.
Illegal immigration from India has ramped up in very recent years.

About Poles, that makes sense.
A stock retains value even without producing dividends. Allowing wealth tax payments in the form of stock, rather than cash, addresses the liquidity issue, especially for large family-owned companies. The challenge lies in accurately valuing the stock for private companies, but that's where finance experts come in ! Furthermore, an agreement between the taxpayer and the wealth fund could accompany the transaction, including terms like holding the stock for a specified number of years, buyback preferences, or limited voting rights. At a discount on the stock price.

Given the financial and legal complexities, as well as the challenges in standardizing the process, this would only apply to payments of a highly substantial amount. But one could argue that these individuals are no longer equal to others in terms of their tax obligations, as they have some ability to negotiate to a certain extent. That's probably the main problem.

Just thinking out loud !
1) WTF, Jackie Chan was on SNL?!? Ya live and learn...

2) And they had -- remarkably current, today of all days -- pagers.
In my humble opinion as an amateur genealogist, after a year or so with paid services (Ancestry, Myheritage) I find there is really no good reason not to use a combination of Wikitree and Familysearch, both free, if we ignore DNA tests.

Especially familysearch allows private profiles, no need to share. Wikitree has a policy of "do not add living people", but it is possible to do and Ive done it for close family.

Yes, this means sharing fairly freely, but I do not see a reason not to. Unless you want a fantasy tree, sharing your tree will make it higher quality. We all make mistakes here and there.

Wikitree especially requires you add sources to your work, which might feel odd for a personal tree of course.
Rendering 4D Objects
I agree in general but the web was already polluted by Google's unwritten SEO rules. Single-sentence paragraphs, multiple keyword repetitions and focus on "indexability" instead of readability, made the web a less than ideal source for such analysis long before LLMs.

It also made the web a less than ideal source for training. And yet LLMs were still fed articles written for Googlebot, not humans. ML/LLM is the second iteration of writing pollution. The first was humans writing for corporate bots, not other humans.
hardly, pagers might be accessible by the population, but hand delivered pagers distributed by a terror organisation are not exactly the same.

Panasonic Toughbooks are technically available to the civilian population, but booby trapping a shipment of them that would be delivered to the US military would be a pretty sophisticated military strike. Hardly indiscriminite even if people took them home.
> It's downvoted because it's the definition of proportional.

Two wrongs don't make a right... are we really at that level of brain activity on HN of all places ? this is schoolyard level

You can have proportional terrorism, proportional war crimes, proportional crimes against humanity. Proportionality doesn't tell you much, it certainly doesn't tell you anything about it being indiscriminate or not

> Certainly not "indiscriminate".

Cool, go tell that to the two kids who died:
https://www.rte.ie/news/2024/0918/1470609-hezbollah-israel/

Also feel free to read the actual texts defining these things, detonating explosives in supermarkets is indiscriminate by nature, there is just no way around it if you're in good faith : https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/customary-ihl/v1/rule12

Both sides are clearly operating out of the boundaries we defined for conventional wars, is it really that hard to accept ? They're not even trying to hide it really... such a strange allergic reaction to these basic facts
A subprime AI crisis is brewing
>"Now Twitter is gone anyway, its public APIs have shut down, and the site has been replaced with an oligarch's plaything, a spam-infested right-wing cesspool called X. Even if X made its raw data feed available (which it doesn't), there would be no valuable information to be found there.

>Reddit also stopped providing public data archives, and now they sell their archives at a price that only OpenAI will pay.

>And given what's happening to the field, I don't blame them."

What beautiful doublethink.
Why not? Are economists infallible? Even if there’s many of them they may have been taught the same material and risk groupthink.

What position is the US in if all their goods are manufactured abroad? What if the dollar stops being respected?
Are Bugs Disappearing?
Show HN: A browser extension for multi-language content summarization
Hello hackers,

I just experimented with Chrome extensions by developing a tool for content summarization (article/webpage and more to come). It reads the content of the open page and creates a summarized/resumed version with highlights for important points and if needed, in a specific language you can define on Extensions settings.

In the future, choosing the language you want to translate to just in the popup will be possible.

I'd like to know what you think about it and I hope you find it useful.
Google’s TPU energy usage is a well-kept secret / competitive advantage. If energy efficiency isn’t a major concern for them, I bet it will be in a couple years.
I've gone from thinking AI would only further degrade our sources of news and information to thinking perhaps AI is the only thing that can help combat misinformation.

Everything is so siloed & biased now, it's hard to find any presentation of a topic from a source that has no agenda. AI to help surface, aggregate, and summarize real data, expert opinion, and analysis like this would be really powerful and much needed. Essentially on-demand wikipedia articles held to the same editorial standards. Wikipedia isn't perfect by far, but their model has been surprisingly successful considering the challenge.
Jevon's paradox is being rediscovered in a big way!
I don't think this is anywhere near well enough defined.

* I assume you mean that the engine should do configuration work, as opposed to just specifying a configuration - so it will in fact have to "run". What kind of configuration? What sort of flexibility is needed, and why?

* What is an "interpreted language"? Python has fundamentally the same compilation model as Java and C#, it's just invoked on the fly.

* Why shouldn't an "interpreted language" be used? What should be used instead, and why?
Tyranny of Small Decisions
What/who is haxe.io?

The Haxe blog[0] has been quiet since 2021, which I assume the parent comment was referring to. Not sure what the 2024 news is though...

[0] https://haxe.org/blog/
I grew up relatively near 'RAF' Fylingdales and the signal from the US BMEWS was so strong that it would interfere with listening to tapes because the tape heads would pick up the magnetic flux 'thrum.... thrum' of the radar sweeps, whenever you got within about 2km of it.
Got it. One man's Unix philosophy is another man's "rag-tag of tools".
Windmills Are Not Like Dams [video]