skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around the benefit of this - maybe John can elaborate some more.

Taking the CNN front page for example. If you set a TTL of 60 seconds, and you have 14 edge locations (taken from the CloudFlare about page), you've got to satisfy 1440 * 14 = 20160 requests a day. The CNN page is currently 97527 bytes, which gzips down to 20,346 bytes. That's 391 megabytes per day. Serving the edge locations even with this relatively short TTL is trivial.

Now, the TCP connection means the content can be pushed and not pulled, so latency is better. It also means that caching a lot of pages will become cheaper (though still expensive).

But it doesn't seem like a lot of benefit for essentially replacing HTTP (between the content servers and the edge nodes), for all the proprietary software and vendor lockin that entails. For each byte you're sending to edge nodes, it's going to be served up orders of magnitude more from the edge nodes to end users, which seems like where almost all the cost would lay.

I'm sure they know what they're doing, and that their customers have asked for this, but think some real world case studies would help make it click. That the blog post is going on about 'caching the uncacheable' really doesn't help.
Class and function names are case insensitive. But variables are not. Go figure that one out.
Great article! I could have only wished for such fine introductory material when I was starting off with Make. It would be nice if the docs themselves had a similar chapter.

One thing that I've always wanted from Make was a way of writing long commands with less escaping and without continuation characters. Something like heredoc for Make.

For example, the following is just too arcane and I would by all means move the body of the command into a separate file:

compress:
find -iname '*.html' -print0 | \
while IFS="" read -r -d "" fn; do \
old=$$(stat -c "%s" "$$fn"); \
java -jar htmlcompressor.jar "$$fn" -o "$$fn"; \
new=$$(stat -c "%s" "$$fn"); \
delta=$$(echo "scale=2 ; 100 - ($$new/$$old) * 100" | bc); \
echo "compressed $${fn}: $${old}/$${new} $${delta}%"; \
done;

Assuming there is no interpolation between Make and Bash, why not provide a way of writing the command as naturally as possible:

compress:
%cmd -flags -that -control -escaping << EOF
find -iname '*.html' -print0 | while IFS="" read -r -d "" fn; do
old=$(stat -c "%s" "${fn}")

java -jar htmlcompressor.jar "${fn}" -o "${fn}"
new=$(stat -c "%s" "${fn}")

delta=$(echo "scale=2 ; 100 - (${new}/${old}) * 100" | bc)
echo "compressed ${fn}: ${old}/${new} ${delta}%"
done
EOF

Of course, shell and Make have a lot of conflicting syntax that would make this into a hard problem.
> Nearly everything they touch has ugly short and long-term consequences spanning from financial to millions of people dying

err.. you're talking about the Wall Street and big pharma types, right? Oh wait, no.
Kirkville » Apple to Make Big Changes to iTunes?
I have access to CL REPL inside vim without any problem. Slimv work pretty fine for that, even with Clojure...
>Firstly, consumers are denied the chance to purchase a product that exists; it's been made! It's ready to ship! Sure, you might not want one, but it's certainly possible that other people do.

What kind of ridiculous justification is this? "But I had the car! It was ready to sell! I had someone who wanted to buy it! It's not right to stop me just because the car didn't actually belong to me, the guy I stole it from doesn't even know it's gone!"
"What are the odds that such guy would be given a chance to share a piece of himself like he did ? I really don't think the OP was naive. I think there should be more people like him."

I didn't mean he was naive for what he did or for wanting the guy to succeed, even thinking he could. I simply thought he was naive to believe all of the stories the guy told about his great past.

Lots of homeless people tell fantasy stories about what they once were. A huge % of it is BS, though often based in enough reality to be believable.
> We can also sustain closed ecosystem for three generations? Last I heard an attempt to do that on Earth failed.

Most things fail before they succeed.
YES! This means Apple will finally let us sync podcasts between computers wirelessly!
I'm dubious of patent pools. What benefit do they provide beside the protection of other members of the pool?
How to create a Runner Game for mobile with EaselJS
Many websites have adopted the donate-to-see-no-ads model - Slashdot, Reddit, OKCupid etc - but as I understand it none of those have exactly thrived on the donated money.

Has it been more successful than I've heard?
Why Google Chrome on iOS stands a chance
Is this just fantasy? Caught in a landslide, no escape from reality..

Open your eyes, look up to the skies and see...
"politics is the fact that the weakest cat in the street can become the leader of the pack" (paraphrasing Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe in their Retreating the Political)
Remember the Kids for Cash scandal?
QR Encode your [bluescreen] Output
The separate request is not why it's a bad idea.

The reason it's a bad idea is that it needs to be re-rendered every time the user loads that page - which can become significant overhead on devices where CPU resources are constrained e.g. mobile phones.
Explanation of Perlin noise, for those who are unfamiliar (like me): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlin_noise
Unfortunately, the obvious answer (parse code in the C locale) breaks code that's in the wild and relies on PHP's undocumented locale-specific case-insensitivity.

Obviously, case-insensitive identifiers are a bad idea, but PHP is stuck with them at this point.
Firstly, we're not 'replacing HTTP'. HTTP runs over Railgun in the same way that it does over SPDY and the content servers are still running HTTP.

The big benefit is not in terms of bandwidth saved (for us) it's in terms of total time to get the page. That's partly driven by latency and partly by bandwidth. Because we have worldwide data centers we can see high latency from say the data center in Miami and a web server located in Sydney. Railgun helps with that problem.

Also, CNN has a TTL of 60s but many, many web sites have a TTL of 0 because they want no caching at all (see New York Times web site) or because the page is totally personalized.
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For those who missed it:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CW0DUg63lqU
Ask HN: What are your intra-price plan conversion rates?
What is the breakdown between the different account levels (bronze/silver/gold) in your freemium payment model. Cheap customers cost more (http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4035516) so how many profitable customers can you expect?

Knowing this (and which bracket is most profitable) is a great way of modelling a potential revenue strem. Years back Ryan Carson published the numbers for Dropsend:

* Basic ($5): 216 customers
* Standard ($9): 157 customers
* Pro ($19): 90 customers
* Business ($99): 43 customers

The top band generated 4x more revenue and presumably had at least 5x lower support costs than the bottom. Stats like this are very helpful as they help uncover the viability of a business model.

Do you have a paid service and are you willing to share your price-band divisions? If so I and I'm sure the community would be very grateful for your insight. Thank you.
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ด้วยโปรแกรม ท่องเที่ยวต่างประเทศ ทัวร์จีน ที่หลากหลายตอบสนองทุกความต้องการ ผนวกกับความทันสมัย และบริการอันดีเลิศของฝ่ายสำรองที่นั่ง และห้องพัก บริษัท ฯ สามารถทำการสำรองที่นั่งและห้องพักด้วยระบบปฏิบัติการอันทันสมัยที่สุดในโลก เพื่อการ ท่องเที่ยวจีน ที่สมบูรณ์แบบ อีกทั้ง เพื่อตอบสนองทุกความต้องการของคุณ ทั้งนี้รวมถึงราคา ทัวร์จีน ที่บริษัท ฯ ไม่เคยพลาดที่จะสรรหาโปรโมชั่นจากสายการบินไปจีน ที่จะแนะนำคุณทุกท่านที่ใช้บริการ เรามีพันธมิตรทางธุรกิจ ทัวร์จีน ไม่ว่าจะเป็นโรงแรมต่าง ๆ ในประเทศจีนที่มั่นใจให้เอเซียฮอลิเดย์ เป็นหนึ่งใน ตัวแทนจำหน่ายระดับ A++ คุณสามารถติดต่อเพื่อสอบถามข้อมูลตารางบินทุกเส้นทาง , ทัวร์จีน ต่าง ๆ รวมทั้งราคาห้องพักใน ประเทศจีน ได้ทุกวัน
Well, VB.NET is case insensitive yet the problem doesn’t crop up there because it’s not braindead enough to use the same locale while compiling & executing. Yes, I get that PHP code isn’t compiled in a separate step but there still is no reason for it to use a user-defined locale. It should use the C locale, end of story. I don’t understand why this isn’t trivial to fix. Is there any place where PHP depends on a user-defined locale for parsing?

EDIT: “trivial to fix” as in, doesn’t cause regression, not necessarily that it’s a small change to the code base.
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> After 5+ years of eloquent, smart programmers* posting long, well researched screeds about what's deeply broken with PHP's design at the most fundamental levels, there is no other conclusion to be reached.

Issuing holy decrees from their ivory towers more like. Meanwhile, lots of tremendously successful companies doing real work in PHP each and every day, at the coal face, where it matters. Does their hard work deserve this constant ridicule?

> The only way to improve PHP is to replace it, and we have a long way to go to get there.

Agreed. When something better comes along, I'll start using it (like how I switched from Perl to PHP a long time ago). The problem is, many "eloquent, smart programmers" are too busy "posting long, well researched screeds" to spend some time making PHP better (or making a better PHP).
That might be your experience, but I don't agree as for Angular. We are building a "desktop application" using AngularJS just now. The application is a visualization of the status of multiple systems over time - nothing very complex, but still it is a real application. I have not yet been disappointed by Angular - I love being able to build my model, and then bind all my views to the model and all the views update automagically whenever one of the views update the model.
Debian's maintainer stance isn't really an issue since Christian Marillat is the defacto Multimedia maintainer: http://www.deb-multimedia.org/
I don't think there's any push involved:

Each end of the Railgun link keeps track of the last version of a web page that's been requested. When a new request comes in for a page that Railgun has already seen, only the changes are sent across the link. The listener component make an HTTP request to the real, origin web server for the uncacheable page, makes a comparison with the stored version and sends across the differences. The sender then reconstructs the page from its cache and the difference sent by the other side.

I take this to mean that there are two chained proxies, each proxying pages on a per-user basis. Since the upstream server-side proxy knows what the downstream client-side proxy has cached, it can send a very efficient shorthand describing how the page has changed without having to resend the information that's already been sent.

I think it's a smart good approach. So long as the origin-proxy is inside the datacenter, it clearly would save a lot on data charges. But I'm surprised the speedup is as much as JGC reports since you still have to pass the full page over the last-mile to user. I would have thought that was the slowest link. Is the core internet so congested that this is not the case? I'm presuming the data center and the origin server have very good throughput, and that even a very short message would have the same latency.
simonbarker87 makes a great case for us on the comments below. i'd just like to add that it generally skips the (sometimes painful) process of installing and updating the hardware. everyone who has taught a workshop or class on Arduino and had to help about 10 people get set up probably knows what i'm talking about.
Weavrs - autonomous Twitter bots
Awesome, I like it!
The Yahoo/Facebook litigation brought on immediate support from the community. Yammer came out and gave Yahoo employees an ultimatum: quit Yahoo or never work for us. Will we start seeing something similar due to Apple/Android?
I'd say it's enough information to show that most users aren't using Twitter to communicate. 340/140 < 2.5 per day.
> While tricky without context, decoding extraterrestrial signals will inevitably produce something of interest (images, audio) even if understanding e.g. the audio itself will be tricky.

Serious question: How is it presumably simple to decode images and audio, but difficult to understand the audio? Is it because one can assume image representation would tend towards mathematical efficiency, but spoken languages do not?

>While compression formats may reveal a few hints that there is some structured information present, encrypted data will be all but impossible to distinguish from random transmissions. We may be picking up transmissions from alien life but be unaware simply because the data is encrypted.

I would think that encrypted transmissions would be easily distinguishable from background white noise, no? My thinking is, you have the general random noise of space, and then you would have something obviously different, is that totally not the case?
i think you were looking to get more out of the book than the author put into it. personally, i loved the book - i'm a fan of folk-tale and fairy-tale retellings in modern novel form, and "the alchemist" was, i felt, a very well-done example of one.
The numbers I'm reporting here are for the speed of download across Railgun and across HTTP between the origin server and a CloudFlare data center. Not the final download time to the end user.

The issue with the end user number is deciding on what to report. We are currently rolling out a very large system for monitoring timing throughout our network and will be able (later this year) to report on actual end user timings to see how much Railgun makes a difference. Our goal (as usual) is to improve the end user experience because that makes our customers (publishers) happy. Railgun is one small part of improving overall web performance.
I'd love to know how we can "easily" get a spaceship up to 0.1c using "existing" technology.

[NB I wouldn't consider the Project Orion approach "existing" technology, it hardly got off the drawing board and was never tested with anything other than chemical explosives on a very small scale].
Perhaps you lack imagination. The first argument has been addressed by many, and in an interesting way by Alastair Reynolds in his Revelation Universe.

Ships apply 1G of acceleration for many years and thus slowly reach speeds close to that of light. The ships are both "aerodynamic" and encased in a thick layer of ice, so that small, rare impacts are survivable. This becomes a plot mechanism in a few of his stories.
And the target response is http://blog.ircmaxell.com/2012/04/php-sucks-but-i-like-it.ht...
In my experience, clang/LLVM tend to spit out significantly larger (10-20%) binaries than gcc for x86 and ARM. Have you seen size increases on the Arduino as well? That'd be a big concern for me, given the limited space available.
i don't think the creator intended this to be something to actually use in a productive way - i more believe that he/she wanted to do something cool with the css3 - i think it's a pretty cool idea even if there is no practical use for it
For a moment I thought it was. "Look, here in SF even homeless people are hipper than you (they know this designer you've never heard of)!". But after reading the comments here, it's clear OP is legit and means it seriously.
You're not wrong in the confines of the model you're operating in (perfect competition), but be careful about assuming that that model is a complete description of the world. Especially in this case, reality is complicated. So complicated, in fact, that I'm not going to try to address your points at all, but if you are curious to follow up on it I can recommend the following article: http://jurisonline.in/2008/09/parallel-imports/. Scroll down to the section labelled (Economic causes of Parallel Imports) and read from there.
Ken Perlin's page (http://mrl.nyu.edu/~perlin/) has a lot of interesting resources and demos.
Presumably there are some advantages to remaining private since there are plenty of large US corporations which choose to do so:

http://www.forbes.com/private

I couldn't find any reliable sources for what the advantages were though.
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? web.py? Tornado? Any microframework?
Sounds like the vulnerability is in the software (the hardware works as specified): "Intel claims that this vulnerability is a software implementation issue, as their processors are functioning as per their documented specifications. However, software that fails to take the Intel-specific SYSRET behavior into account may be vulnerable."
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Am I the only one who found the whole thing extremely patronising? "A homeless man who could teach me something, who would've thought. I went to MIT!"
So you use a culture-invariant locale for parsing. Still not a problem.
Howard Hughes is very much the same type of man as Musk. He was at the forefront of both movies and aviation, both of which were young industries at the time.

A lot of attention is focussed on Hughes' later years when he turned basically insane, but in his productive years he pushed forwards the design of the airplane and motion pictures.

If anyone is unfamiliar with his work, I'd recommend picking up a biography and giving it a read.
Moin,

> Being homeless myself I can say most homeless people I have met do it on choice.

I had been homeless, both by choice, and without choice. Its good to know that all you need fits into an army sidebag. Being homeless, travel around, playing revolutionary, is a necessary step in youth. imho. The next step after squatting was owning a trailer and tractor. I'm living in a flat now, close to water, and own a boat. ouch I'm getting old lol

We had several squatted houses, and an area called Weidedamm where about 300 people lived in trailers and garden huts. This changed 1995 when the green party became a member of our state government. We currently have 3 much smaller trailer parks in Bremen. One for the ecologic people, one for the punks and alcoholics, and one for trucks and electronic music. We don't have any political squatter scene anymore, no houses, so those who can not afford a trailer, are left on the street or to state help.

So most homeless people don't have a real choice between alcohol, drugs, and state help in our days. This destroys independence, and therefore the freedom you/we remember.

ciao,Michael
And for those that care about this sort of thing: Railgun is about 4,000 lines of Go.
some encodings are virtually indistinguishable from background noise,. e.g. spread spectrum like CDMA used in GPS.
It's already difficult to decode them here on earth if you don't know the sequence key, let alone picking faint signals from distant civilizations.
PHP is to Ruby(Or whatever your hater flavor is) as Christians is to Muslims. Neither of them are going to go away until one of them kills all the others. The more likely alternative is something else coming and destroying them both.
The issue seems to be present in Xen, Windows, and Linuxes -- this suggests that, regardless of technicalities, Intel did something unwise. (Or at least didn't communicate effectively with software vendors)
Well, since those caches run on the same LAN as the webserver, the cost would probably outweigh the benefits.

You can still break up your page into pieces and cache all but the once that change. Believe this is one of the reasons you would use ESI: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_Side_Includes
This is part of a larger tutorial available here: http://ufldl.stanford.edu/wiki/index.php/UFLDL_Tutorial
I've noticed that using bzip, cranked up to it's max level, is really effective for compressing dynamic HTML. I've managed to achieve what I suspect is comparable to Railgun by simply having this compression applied on a multiplexed TCP tunnel in rather large blocks, so that packets from multiple sessions are compressed together. It worked really well, it enabled me to offer reasonable fast content delivery to clients with servers on small leased lines in Africa. I found it a hard service to sell, it takes a lot of explaining ;-)
This is a huge bug. Believe or not, many dev people in Turkey use locale tr_TR (which is perfectly normal) and when they begin to use "any" off-the-shelf PHP library/class with uppercase-I, it does not work at all. A little example, if APC has a class with I, it won't work on your tr_TR configured Windows Server.

PHP is crap. Not even classical ASP had such bugs and it was perfectly passing the Turkey test (http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2008/03/whats-wrong-with-tu...) and Unicode supporting languages didn't have such a bug. E.g. Java, Python.

PHP is crap. This bug is clearly a WONTFIX, it's been 10 years since it is reported. I remember this bug when I was 14, thank God I moved on to other languages afterwards.
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A digression but .. CM Crossroads has gone downhill for a while now.
Recently it took three or four emails from me for them to remove some spam hacked into their site.
If you're on the wrong side of a really long high latency link, it should make a big difference. Slow start, etc.

Leaving a persistent connection between the cache and the server obviously does most of it (especially with latency mitigation tricks/tcp acceleration). It would be interesting to calculate the benefits of nothing vs. a cache with an accelerated persistent tcp connection vs. deltas. I suspect it's something like 500 vs. 50 vs. 45, but every bit helps.
A client could simply provide a way to post semantic data to some location and auto-insert a link to it, and support pulling down documents from those links and act on the data. The downside is a much higher overhead compared for small pieces of data compared to if it was inlined.
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