skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I want to add that when you start testing the tape drives, one of the first things that you need to do is to measure the exact capacity of an 18 TB LTO-9 tape cartridge.

For instance, I write the tapes with "dd bs=131072 if="$file_name" of=/dev/nsa0". This means that I am using 128 kB blocks. I have measured that a 6 TB LTO-7 tape cartridge has a capacity of 45905860 such 128 kB blocks.

The position of the read/write head, measured in blocks from the beginning of the tape, can be obtained with "mt rdspos". After you choose some block size, e.g. 128 kB, you should forever stick with it in all your write commands and on all your tapes, so that you will always get consistent information about the position of the read/write head.

The tape capacity can be measured by writing files, preferably of the same size that you will typically use for archives (in order to write a similar number of file marks), until you get a write error.

With the capacity of the tape known exactly, after any writing of a new file you get the current position and you compute the remaining free space on the tape, to know whether you can still append data or you must change the tape.

The position in blocks can also be used to verify that the tape drive works OK. For example when after rewinding the tape you go to the end of the written part, to append new files, you must see the same position as after your last write. Or when writing a copy of a tape, you must see the same positions on both tapes for any file.

For retrieving files, the position in blocks does not matter, but only the ordinal number of a file. You position the read/write head to the beginning of a file with "mt rewind; mt fsf $file_number". Then you read the file, possibly in a loop if you want to read multiple consecutive files.

For going to the end of the written part of a tape, to append new files, you must use "mt locate -e; mt bsf 2; mt fsf", as I have mentioned in a previous posting. The explanation of why this is needed is buried in the documentation about how tape marks and head positioning really work.

Whenever I start using the tape drive, I use "mt comp off; mt status" and I check the status output to be as expected.

The tape is ejected with "mt -f /dev/esa0 rewind".
> Use 1008 MJ monthly electrical energy consumption instead of 280 kW⋅h monthly electrical energy consumption

> Avoid common non-SI units (suggested)... For serious science and engineering, SI units like metres per second should be used instead.

Yeah good luck with that... electrical power engineering speaks in kWh not MJ

> 150 pJ gamma ray instead of 938 MeV gamma ray

Particle physicists will hate you if you take electron volts from them

While I'm at it, do you know that attaching suffix to SI unit is not allowed by SI / IEC /ISO? So abbreviating megawatt of thermal energy as MWth or decibel referred to 1 milliwatt of power as dBm is technically illegal:

> "When one gives the value of a quantity, it is incorrect to attach letters or other symbols to the unit in order to provide information about the quantity or its conditions of measurement. Instead, the letters or other symbols should be attached to the quantity."

https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf

Yeah... all of my spectrum analyzers, signal generators, software-defined radios, antennas and RF interface control documentation is not ISO/IEC compliant...
Chat I Ching – AI I Ching Master
I think the cli repo went private a while ago.
Read a little further into your link and you'll find that https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calder_v._Bull gives a specific set of criteria for deciding whether a change is ex post facto or a retrospective "mollification". A grant of immunity clearly isn't included.
Honestly, how many of these jobs can be not done by hard working folks in Nigeria, India, or wherever? I understand that outsourcing is a contentious issue, but the fact remains that the most probably outcome is to send these jobs off to people who are happy to do it for 1/5th the price and with 1/100 the number of complaints.

Edit: to those downvoting this, see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41504026#41506801 above. Just one example
This article feels like someone trying to find arguments and justifications in favour of an existing opinion/bias.

> Compare this to functional-style errors, where error handling is manual and super tedious. You have to explicitly check if the return value is an error and propagate it.

No, you don't. You can easily convert a functional style error into an exception on the call site explicitly (e.g. `std::optional<T>::value` in C++, or `.unwrap()` in Rust), propagate via language features (e.g. `?` in Rust) or library abstractions such as monadic operations.

The fact that you explicitly have to check the return value is a massive win in readability and ensuring that the "error case" was considered by the caller. That is paramount for the robustness of any codebase.

> But there’s much more: Allocations can fail, the stack can overflow, and arithmetic operations can overflow. Without throwing exceptions, these failure modes are often simply hidden.

Turns out there is a good use case for exceptions: exceptional and rare errors that cannot be reasonably handled in the immediate vicinity of the call site.

Exceptions and error types can and should coexist nicely.

> The classic example is syscalls, which usually follow C conventions.

Yes, C error handling from decades ago sucks at providing information and context for the source of the errors. This is not an intrinsic issue with error return types, it's just another thing that sucks about C and is the way it is because it's old.

> We parse an int somewhere, and an `IntErrorKind::InvalidDigit` bubbles up at the user.

How is that a bad thing? Either the user provided the string that should have been parsed, therefore it's useful information for them to know why it failed to parse, or they don't care much, and they can explicitly decide to convert the error into an exception and propagate it upwards.

Again, it forces the user to think about the error case, which is excellent!

> The following examples use C++ code, which allows us to compare both versions like for like: [...]

Now show a benchmark where the error rate is 50% or more.
That's not bad if you don't remember ordering those same items off of the 99¢ menu for the first ten years of your adult life
This problem is specific to YAML because it doesn't require quoting.
A few weeks ago I noticed my cheap Toshiba microwave does the same when the door button is partially pressed. Scary! I stood there holding it just right for a very long time to make sure it wouldn't heat a cup of water.
It would have been nice to know the risks of making each of these mistakes, since honestly I only found a few places where a mistake can have real negative consequences.

As with all things, context is king. I'm not going to be confused when my colleague asks me on slack if it's OK to email me a 15mb (millibar) document - I know what they meant. Nor am I going to worry if it's actually MiB vs MB, in this context it does not matter.

Also, although it probably be nice that we all standardised on the correct prefixes, literally nobody speaks in terms of gigameters or teragrams or whatever. We carry with us an internalisation of real world measurements, and use that to compute relativity when we read/hear these numbers. It's roughly 1000km from my home town to the coast, so if if the moon is roughly 400,000 km away, then that's 400x the distance, pretty far. My car weighs roughly 1 ton, so Hafthor's 501kg deadlift record is half my car - pretty impressive!
Because it's open source
Police are enforcers. The watchmen in a democracy are principally journalists.
I never use Lotteries, but I was curious and wanted to test a domestic one, however the bonus number can be from 1 to 5, but I cant put it lower than 10 on your page :'(
So I think we are in agreement that outreach programs to high risk communities are a good idea and that these outreach programs shouldn't be limited to one community.
Yopass⁽¹⁾ is the one I’m familiar with.

⁽¹⁾ https://github.com/jhaals/yopass
> Apple's ignorance of EU law is not an excuse, this doesn't work for individuals, why should it work for big multinational companies?

It’s worse than that. What was being ignored was Irish law. The EU just said that this law should be applied equally without the Irish government cutting special deals.

> Apple's decision to put their trust completely in Ireland officials and sidestep the EU is their own mistake.

Indeed. But it is not a terrible mistake: you should be able to take a tax administration at their word, even though you should also know what you have to pay in taxes. They are not really being punished, they just need to pay what they owe, which I think is fair.
Pretty good post, tbh I gave up on the idea of using Rust for game dev. C++ just let's you be productive, and there are more solid available libraries from the get go. Also just adding all of the dependencies manually is not that big of a deal because they usually don't change much for games (stb, sdl, glfw, etc).
It's just a check for updates and notifies you of it. Standard feature in many modern applications
Libertarian IQ and Programmers
> I've never been bitten by an interface that is too simple.

I've been bitten by strcpy. And errno. And malloc/free. And many others.

In general, simple interfaces are good interfaces, but it takes quite a bit of experience to learn what is a good simple interface.

For example not having to resort to global variables or a lot of state or a tightly coupled mess is not self evidient, but something that comes with practice, and usually the hard way. It doesn't help that many "best practices" aren't very good practices.
Agreed. Another example in the first minute of the "Attention is all you need" one.

"[Transformers .. replaced...] ...the suspects from the time.. recurrent networks, convolution, GRUs".

GRU has no place being mentioned here. It's hallucinated in effect, though, not wrong. Just a misdirecting piece of information not in the original source.

GRU gives a Ben Kenobi vibe: it died out about when this paper was published.

But it's also kind of misinforming the listener to state this. GRUs are a subtype of recurrent networks. It's a small thing, but no actual professor would mention GRUs here I think. It's not relevant (GRUs are not mentioned in the paper itself) and mentioning RNNs and GRUs is a bit like saying "Yes, uses both Ice and Frozen Water"

So while the conversational style gives me podcast-keep-my-attention vibes.. I feel a uncanny valley fear. Yes each small weird decision is not going to rock my world. But it's slightly distorting the importance. Yes a human could list GRUs just the same, and probably, most professors would mistake or others.

But it just feels like this is professing to be the next, all-there thing. I don't see how you can do that and launch this while knowing it produces content like that. At least with humans, you can learn from 5 humans and take the overall picture - if only one mentions GRU, you move on. If there's one AI source, or AI sources that all tend to make the same mistake (e.g. continuing to list an inappropriate item to ensure conversational style), that's very different.

I don't like it.
I agree that there is a chance this could happen. But as a business owner myself it's pretty simple: It's far cheaper for me to take an existing dependency, create SBOMs and patch regularly compared to having to develop and maintain these things myself.
But I do get your point that others might make different decisions.

But the CRA also has provisions here as you have to do a risk assessment for your product as well and publish the result of that on your documentation and hand rolling crypto should definitely go on there as well.

Again... People can just ignore this and probably won't get caught anytime soon....
WW 2

Didn't the propaganda start with deporting Jews as an excuse? ...
Binsider – A TUI for analyzing Linux binaries
For the GDPR, that argument would fail immediately. Since the GDPR requires consent to be explicitly granted, and neither conscious rejection nor automatic rejection would constitute an explicit granting of consent, the site would not have a consent to track.
> 6 tons of wheat 6000 kg of wheat

Why not 6 Mg of wheat?
Could there be other explanations here?
Like marginal cost of one taco when there might be less customers?
I love analogies between fields like this.
Doesn't seem limited to GE Microwaves! My wife uses a cheap Kmart house-brand microwave for waxwork that does the exact same thing.

I have another in the kitchen (Panasonic NNCD997) that has an interlock system which blows the primary fuse if a) The door is open and b) The magnetron is currently active.

Unfortunately, with this model, the incandescent bulb dying kills the inverter PCB.

Edit: The service/repair manual[1] for the Panasonic is an interesting read, if anyone is interested

[1] http://up.orificeworks.com/nn-cd997s_cd987w.pdf
Roughly rhymes with the "vu" in "Déjà vu"
Urban75, now there's a blast from the past....
If I were an Irish citizen paying taxes I'd be incredibly pissed that my own government is fighting against 13 billion from the richest company on the planet. I'm subsidizing fucking Apple of all things!? Absolute buffoonery, whoever made this deal in the first place should be in prison.
Since I sleep with it I find it easier to just have a charger on my desk. Generally only needs about an hour a day to fully charge.
The NY Times is pro-union and anti-big-tech in large part because its journalists are unionized and tech platforms disintermediate unions. The workers that produce articles and create the newsroom culture have a conflict of interest that affects its editorial slant. There is also the factor that tech threatens the ad revenue of traditional news media.
I neither made an argument nor any comment on the value of a product.
Yaak is open source
Yes, completely agree. Also, too many comments make it difficult to see what is in a class/function. If the comments make a class/function that would otherwise fit on one screen no longer fit on one screen there is a readability cost to this.
A lot of things got worse, it's not just nostalgia.

The spread of social media from mid-00's onwards, and especially in 10's was a tragedy, but not for the main reasons people normally think. The way people organized back then (forums, IRC channels, blogs, etc) was more authentic, as there was no tangible corporate interest in keeping you hooked to it through underhanded algorithmic manipulation to drive engagement. There were no sponsored content, no farming of every piece of data about users to feed an endlessly greedy advertisement machine. It was just people and their genuine interests.

Part of the problem is that geek culture became mainstream. When I was a kid in the 90's, me and my friends were considered the weird bunch for liking videogames, computers, tabletop RPG, etc. Sometime around mid-00s it became mainstream, and brought along with it people that prior to that had no interest in that niche of culture, and along with it that culture meaningfully changed for the worse.

There's more to it, but I rambled enough. If there's one positive thing I can think of, is that at least the general positivity surrounding tech is gone. This skepticism is healthy, especially considering how things worsened since then.
I've always assumed "giga" is capitalised because it one might confuse a lower case g for "grams". Technically, 1gm is one gram-meter (grams * metres), whereas 1Gm is a thousand kilometres. You don't often encounter weird combined units like gram-metres outside of physics, except maybe for kWh (kW * 1 hour), but I don't see why you wouldn't be nice to physicists and give them the extra clarity.

Other order of magnitude indicators are capitalised to distinguish them from their smaller counterparts (millimetre/Megametre).

Wikipedia states that the distinction is because units named after a person always start with a capital letter. I've always assumed Hz has to be capitalised to prevent confusion with the hecto prefix (hHz being 100Hz). I don't think there's a unit or order of magnitude that's abbreviated to `z`, so in theory "Hz" could just be "H",

I think Hz is more readable, but that's probably because I'm used to it.
For those who downloaded it:

Aren't those leaves over peoples heads on p.70-71 clearly Cannabis?

Maybe that can tell us something ...

Perhaps noteworthy as well is how he nailed those circles perfectly.

Also what if the work is an attempt by someone to capture for us what he saw on his psychedelic trips?

Just throwing out theories...
> Since the act it became forbidden, you can’t “price discriminate”, so everyone pays the same, Luxembourg users and Bulgarian users too.

We can still get a ~ 30% discount since we don't have to pay, say, the apple tax anymore.
those are unsafe from different perspectives - AFAIR, io_uring just passed some/many filtering mechanics applied to other subsystems in kernel when say reading/writing files, so security frameworks could not be enforced. Something about auditd subsystem as well.
I miss Delphi/C++ Builder for professional application development... :'(
I have paid maybe 10k in my lifetime to be connected to internet. That is why the telecom company has been able to invest in infra. I don't have good fiber thanks to Netflix.
Idealism around privacy and liberty are quite important, otherwise you end up with a worse country and there is a reason for laws to usually grant people these rights.

The law failed here and it is a typical problem for Germany, that historically and still today has problems with liberties in general.

FUD doesn't mean we should do away with liberty. To say otherwise is naive idealism that requires infallible human actors in security related agencies. That is impossible.
The 30% ruling isn't specific to ASML, it's a general tax credit you get if you're a non-EU national that moves to the Netherlands (plus a bunch of other conditions) on a sponsored work visa.

https://business.gov.nl/running-your-business/staff/terms-of...

Whether ASML and their employees get extra benefits on top of the 30% ruling I'm not sure, I wouldn't be surprised if they do though.
This 'empirical research' is highly doubtful. The first question to ask is what the code with summary comments looked like. While summary comments can sometimes be helpful, this is mostly the case in functions that are relatively long. A question that always arises in that case is whether it is a good idea to split them instead of commenting.
I've not heard of this before and upon looking this looks fantastic! Cross Platform and sticking to being good at requests!

Postman really grinds on me as to how it's gone down a path of forcing "collaboration" when sometimes I just want to ping some requests and test things!
Guessing... Yaak stands for Yet Another API ... Klient ... maybe?
see also: https://github.com/haampie/libtree for ldd(1) output as a tree for transitive dependencies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hBRxwQXmCQ This guy recklessly tested various way of getting irradiated by a microwave to see what the effects are.
Slow Growth of Mastodon
I'm using mostly this workflow with GitHub, with the main disadvantages being that it's more work on my side, and not obvious to my collaborators. But it does carry the same advantages of allowing reviewers to view diffs with just their feedback incorporated, without breaking `git blame` and `git bisect`.

When I incorporate a reviewer's feedback, I'll commit that with `git commit --fixup <hash of commit that I want to update>`. I'll then push that up and leave a comment reply to the review feedback sharing the fixup commit hash.

Then when the PR is approved and I'm about to merge, I'll do

git rebase --interactive origin/main --autosquash

This will then combine the fixup commits with the correct original commits. I then do a final `git push --force-with-lease` and merge it. (Make sure to note force push before the review is done, because then reviewers lose the ability to see what you added since their last review.)

This relies heavily on autocomplete in my terminal, so that I only have to type `git re<right arrow>` to get to that long command above, for example. And it's a bit clunky, so using a tool that supports and encourages this workflow would be nice.

But given that I'm stuck with GitHub, it's OK.
"Hallucinate" is just a term we've come up with for LLMs making mistakes. If the LLM knew it was making a mistake, wouldn't it just not make it?

Of course, it's not possible for an LLM to actually "know" anything in that sense of the word.
Why concepts are (probably) vectors [pdf]
If this article triggers a desire to work on an actual problem with graphs try https://leetcode.com/problems/freedom-trail
We're in a very small window in the battle against climate change where people are even allowed to spend money on space programs.

In a few decades at our current rate we're going to see so many natural disasters and mass migrations that the general populace will be far more concerned about food and water for the populace than wasting it on extravagances like space, and then we may end up all dying on this rock.

Once we're able to successfully mine minerals from space and have some hope for colonizing other planets the game changes, because people could see it as a lifeline rather than a waste.
People working minimum wage at fast food restaurants are not "essentially slaves".
Lots of these are country dependent in terms of what is familiar to people. To some degree that matters if your primary communication is not international but domestic.

For e.g. in the UK sqm is very common, particularly when looking at property. On RightMove which is the most popular property website here, for e.g. you can see here that the default is `sq ft` with `sq m` given underneath: https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/140100683#/?channel=C...

In terms of things like mixture of units, I appreciate you want to give in one unit but I think the things chosen are a bit strange. I've never seen anyone write '15070 grams', it'd almost always be given as 1.507 kilograms.
I see you made a current limiter from a mosfet + resistor. I wonder if there are ready-made components that do the same, and also monitor overheating. Maybe not necessary in this case (because you're only limiting the inrush current, not a continuous current). There are current-limiting diodes but as far as I've seen they are only available for smaller currents.
So this guy put a "Why not Open Source" article out there, without even being aware that not accepting contributions is an option?

I guess it is a feature of the Internet that everyone can talk about things they know next to nothing about. But that is easy to forget.
I don’t know if Palm was technically a walled garden, I’m guessing you could load from wherever, but practically it was and I don’t think anyone had a problem with it. Not sure if it’s a counterpoint but something to consider.
Because clearly nobody would understand it.
At the time that's exactly what the Royal Mail was. Requiring identification to send packages is a much more recent development. Society just accepted that bad actors could do this and solved the root problem instead.
good point, and "Six Days on the Road" (1963) suggests that on-label use was more common in those days.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ncw-CwRwRo&t=18s
Mistral AI Pixtral
Does it download an official AMD driver? No. It hasn’t ever done for me across hundreds of Windows installs across hundreds of devices.