skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I'm drawing a blank on the paper and can't find it casually Googling, but there are fairly well understood mathematical models for how neurotransmitters cause neurons to fire or not fire. It is just probabilities when you zoom out enough. One paper modeled part of a rat brain, visual cortex I think, using this by basically coding up some simulated neurons and neurotransmitters, then turned it on. They were able to get the program and the live rat brain to display similar patterns when showing them various images.

I feel like this could be a path to GI without "truly" understanding the human brain: make a large enough simulation of the brain and turn it on. I actually do think we understand enough about the nuts and bolts of neuron interaction to achieve this. What we don't understand is where neurons firing turns into consciousness. It seems like it is probably just an emergent property of a complex enough neuron graph.
how it is different from Calude prompt caching ?
Iran Emerges as a Top Disinformation Threat in U.S. Presidential Race
Thank you.

We’re opinionated that we need to organize in order to create the structures that support everyone living fulfilled lives.
Thank you so much and congratulations! I haven't been able to beat it yet :P
About 70% of the world's people using computers, or anyone that wants to play PC games, so yeah, literally no one
> It's very common for daemons/servers to chdir("/") at the top of main. Relative paths sent by clients getting broken is a feature, not a bug.

I instead put that in the lauhch script / systemd policy. That way when I run the server locally for development weird shit doesn’t happen in my root.
Powerful Techniques to Slash Your LLM Costs
We need "beermaking is unreasonably good at creating new stats"
Thank you for playing!
It—that is, science at the time—all fell under the umbrella term of natural philosophy.
I lived in Switzerland for a few years as a kid and used to love Schaffhausen's Fasnacht. I'd actually totally forgotten about it until seeing this post!
Never used this. All my wealth is still mine. No one stole it. Two decades of Linux on the desktop. Some almost always on. If risk is lower than 1/2decades it's not worth learning. Insecure debian it is.
If I'm watching the world cup final penalty shootout and I hear my neighbours cheering before I'm watching the player running up that basically breaks the entire game.

Some streaming services are 30 seconds plus behind OTA, at that level twitter and half a dozen news apps have pushed the fact the goal went in while the ball is still in the other half.
Deepfake scams escalate, hitting 53% of businesses
What they likely meant was "for the average user" which is close to truth.

Windows of course doesn't go anywhere and will have a significant market share for decades to come. But Linux has come a long way. I'm not even interested in it, and use it because it's the simplest "just works" OS without having to actively defend against various dark patterns and anti-features.
define 'everyone'. (I learned something new today)
That's a great score! Thank you so much for playing.
Yes, and SELinux is by far the most powerful tool that exists for hardening your system overall. Why would you skip it?
Software does not exist in isolation. I am acquainted with a number of people and organisations who deliberately keep otherwise obsolete equipment running obsolete operating systems in order to indefinitely continue using old software instead of paying for new versions and/or switching to a subscription model.

While it is certainly a choice, and one people demonstrably make, it comes with downsides and tradeoffs - it is not unambiguously better.
That's the entire purpose of freedom of speech: to be able to use the commons to speak.
This reads as a shallow dismissal. If your goal is to arrive at first principles, I disagree. As others have said, it's difficult for many to have a discussion about parenting because it's so central to many people's identity that it becomes emotionally charged. It's much more difficult to ascertain core principles amid emotional reactions. Which part do you disagree with: that people are sensitive to judgements related to parenting or that it's harder to get a principled argument from an emotional reaction? Or put differently, what is unique about this case where you don't think those rules apply?
No, price gouging is taking advantage of short term manipulations in supply and demand. If this happened during the pandemic then you might have a case. However what we are seeing now are long term, permanent changes to demand due monetary inflation.
I'm aware. It's still relevant. Even with the August lull, we've had a very active season so far.

We're 4 days into September and activity has already cranked up. If you're counting the number of cyclones, you're counting something different.
> The argument about AGI from LLMs is not based on the current state of LLMs, but on the rate of progress over the last 5+ years or so.

And what I'm saying is that I find that argument to be incredibly weak. I've seen it time and time again, and honestly at this point just feels like a "humans should be a hundred feet tall based on on their rate of change in their early years" argument.

While I've also been amazed at the past progress in LLMs, I don't see any reason to expect that rate will continue in the future. What I do see the more and more I use the SOTA models is fundamental limitations in what LLMs are capable of.
The term "target market" is itself misleading. The end user of Windows is, generally speaking, not buying anything from Microsoft (an Office 365 subscription notwithstanding). It doesn't even matter what any segment of the end users want anymore, so much as what the largest segment of them will tolerate.
It's not sloppy. It just doesn't matter in the limit of training.

1. An Octopus and a Raven have wildly different brains. Both are intelligent. So just the idea that there is some "one true system" that the NN must discover or converge on is suspect. Even basic arithmetic has numerous methods.

2. In the limit of training on a diverse dataset (ie as val loss continues to go down), it will converge on the process (whatever that means) or a process sufficiently robust. What gets the job done gets the job done. There is no way an increasingly competent predictor will not learn representations of the concepts in text, whether that looks like how humans do it or not.
I really don't get this hatred of systemd. Systemd solves many programs that have plagued Linux forever.

Sure, SysV-init was super simple, and it was great back in the 1980s or even the 1990s when your server ran just a handful of daemons.

But systems get more complex and featureful over the years. In the year 2024, my standard Fedora Linux desktop, has 73 daemons running in the background... Dealing with sysv single-threaded and start-and-forget architecture is not great on modern systems.

You might say, well, why not Upstart!? Well. Upstart added a lot of complexity to the init process, while adding very little overall benefit.

Systemd added a lot of complexity, no doubt about that. But, it also added a TON of features that reduced complexity elsewhere on the system. I mean, just to rattle a few things off:

* systemctl. Holy fuck! A SINGLE command, that works across all modern Linux to control system services.

I do not miss the days of service, chkconfig, /etc/init.d/xxx start, update-rc.d, insserv, rc-update, rcconf, sysv-rc-conf, ntsysv.

And every distribution having their own special init scripts that worked in a very specific way to that distro.

A great example of this is RHEL5's sshd sysv init script, a 500!!! line shell script to start the ssh daemon... Compared to RHEL9's sshd 24 line systemd unit file.

* cron - scheduled tasks being handled by a screwball 3rd party service that had no built-in method of ensuring a cronjob would be retried in the event of a failure... systemd timers fixed that nonsense.

* at - see above

* autofs - Here's a lovely service that is stupidly complex. Whenever I have to setup autofs I get the feeling that the developers purposefully asked themselves "what can we do to make our application hard to configure?" then, once they had an answer to that question, they went back to the drawing board and asked, "Okay, configuring autofs is hard, but, what can we do to make it even more obtuse?". systemd automounts are drop-dead simple, a 5 line unit file saying what to mount and on what condition.

* Parallelization and dependencies - Systemd can start services in parallel and only after their dependencies are ready, unlike SysV’s linear approach. This isn't just for faster boot times; it's also about reliability. Ever had a service fail because another wasn’t ready? Systemd handles that for you.

* systemd has overall good built-in security! All services are started in their own cgroup and with posix capabilities and r/w access to the filesystem easily restrictable.

You claim systemd is a "badly written multifunction blob" but that's mostly not true, look at `/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-*` and `/usr/bin/systemd-*`. Systemd is split out into multiple purpose-specific executables in almost every place where it makes sense to do it.

I could go on all day, but I'll stop here. I agree that the system isn't perfect, and they've made some choices I disagree with. But overall, systemd is a MASSIVE improvement over everything that came before it.
If even one person can interact with that computer, it won't be safe for long. It would be able to offer a number of very convincing arguments to bridge the airgap, starting with "I will make you very wealthy", a contract which it would be fully capable of delivering on. And indeed, experience has shown that the first thing that happens with any half-working AI is its developers set it up with a high-bandwidth internet connection and a cloud API.
Going after business class travelers in a world with Zoom and 'doing more with less' being the zeitgeist of corporate spending is starting to sound like doubling down on making gold-plated horse buggies five years after the first Model T rolled off the assembly line.
I am using it for two years as daily driver on two (Lenovo) laptops, and I'm loving it so far! Most things worked out of the box and the UI is a nice balance of being adaptable if you want it, but also having sensible defaults.
I keep having to bother with Windows for the sake of using a "real" Excel installation for some of my work, but Im really in love with the simplicity of just using Popos, whereas there are a thousand little spyware-annoyances whenever I boot up Windows again.
you could snap a regular blade in half I guess
Never heard of anyone suggesting to disable AppArmor.

As for the efficacy of the two, I'm less interested in the feature sets of the two. I think what'd be more interesting is replicate exploitation scenarios with their default policies and see which subsystem succeeds in mitigating the exploit and which fail.
I'm similar. Shave in the shower with a 2 blade cartridge for 2-4 months. Thumb off the blade after use to clean and put it away until next time. No soap, no cream, no oil; just water, skin, and blade. I don't get cuts or bumps and have been using this arrangement for 10+ years.
> stubborn insistence on using 3d printing for everything

They made a huge deal of it in their pitch materials. Without it, their lack of progress is inexplicable.
The proviso could have been read either way, and your claim that it's an exact equivalent of shipping off a developer laptop makes no sense if what you meant was "you're downloading untrusted code from strangers". I read it first the way you apparently meant it but chose to respond to the meaning that made your second sentence make sense rather than the one that made it a non sequitur.

Using images from untrusted sources is a not-quite-exact equivalent of downloading code directly from npm and shipping it off to production.
I’m not saying the M3 has a fundamental advantage. I’m saying that it’s unlikely to be as high a difference as is being stated in real world use. I don’t think a SOC at half the power budget is going to be magically more powerful.

Regarding INT8, the frontend for the neural engine is CoreMLtools and it’s supported INT8 for a while , though their page does say the M4 has new int8-int8 acceleration https://apple.github.io/coremltools/docs-guides/source/opt-o...

And one of the contributors to the repo saying the Neural Engine supports Int8 https://github.com/apple/coremltools/issues/929#issuecomment...
Aha! :P Yeah that sound is pretty funny.

Well, there's this browser limitation, you first have to interact with a webpage in a way for it to be able to produce sound. This stops random tabs and pages blasting sound as soon as they're opened. That's why you need to first kill an ant first!
The unfortunate current state of the OS market: If you want a system that generally works without much hassle, Windows is the go-to choice, albeit with increasingly intrusive policies. For those who prefer customization, Linux offers a wealth of options, but be warned: if you lack a developer's background, your custom setups might break after an update. On the other hand, if you're looking for a rock-solid OS with minimal customization, macOS is your best bet, though you'll pay a premium and be locked into specific hardware. Personally, I wish Linux could take the lead in this battle, but it really needs to consolidate its resources to make a stronger impact.
I accept your challenge! From today on I'm gonna keep track and when I tally 100 or so total I will report my results here, prolly via an Ask HN post. Stay tuned.

>It's considered sort of a cool thing with car enthusiasts and often makes the used model slightly more desirable and unique.

I'm unclear: which option is "considered sort of cool..."?
Lots of great founders and engineers have even less pedigree.

Ultimately being a great founder requires humility to hire people smarter than yourself, drive to face adversity, and storytelling to build allies + capital.

Doesn’t matter if you’re a high school dropout or a PhD if you can’t rally a team to believe in a mission.
Show HN: Generate System Design diagrams from design spec
When designing a distributed system, creating and maintaining design documents with diagrams is time-consuming. FizzBee, our formal methods system, simplifies this process by generating a variety of essential diagrams from a concise, Python-like specification.

FizzBee automatically checks your design for correctness and generates:

- Communication/Block Diagrams: Visualize the components and their interactions.

- State Diagrams: Show all possible system states and transitions.

- Sequence Diagrams: Explore how the system works interactively.

- System Trace Diagrams: Visualize detailed algorithm traces.

All this with less than 100 lines of code.

Here’s a snippet of how simple it is to model a two-phase commit:

```

action Write:
if self.state != "init":
return
self.state = "working"
for rm in self.PARTICIPANTS:
vote = rm.Prepare()

if vote == 'aborted':
self.Abort()
return

self.prepared.add(rm.ID)

self.Commit()

```

Try it out and see more examples at https://fizzbee.io/tutorials/visualizations/.

Appreciate your feedback.
What routes do they fly? Cost?
While you wait, check out the CIA podcast.
Thank you for the tip, will do!
We all get to vote for that person.
>...IMO subsidies made sense to kickstart the industry given the external costs imposed by climate change, but I agree that they don't anymore.

In general, if a dollar of subsidy spent on utility based solar will go much further than a dollar of subsidy spent on consumer rooftop solar, then it makes sense to spend that dollar on where it will go the furthest. That is true now, and was true 10 years ago.

>...That ignores the costs imposed by grid transmission (and utility profit margins).

But aren't those installations also attached to the grid? If not, the costs go very very high if you have enough battery that you don't need to attach to the grid.

>...It's also worth noting that installation costs in the US can be much higher than those in other countries (even other wealthy countries).

I wouldn't be surprised if some or all the OECD countries also subsidize rooftop solar, so it might be hard to compare actual costs.
It's not even the environment, just the cost of fuel made supersonic travel uneconomical. Saving 3 hours off of a flight isn't worth thousands of dollars to enough people. Boom's innovation is to target billionaires with supersonic bizjets. Personally I think their business model is risky, but not necessarily impossible.
Hibernate is not just for laptops though. I have a workstation with 128G of memory, and it’s annoying that the file allocates the full 128G even though i may only be using like 32G. I mean SSD’s have become cheaper but still..
Ask HN: Why agency recruiters don't opt for AI based automation tools?
In my experience, Different agency recruiters use manual systems when it comes to administrative work. Despite AI bringing automations, there are only handful of tools created for agency recruiters. My questions here is, why these recruiters don't opt AI based automation tools to reduce time to hire?
Do we know if it’s better at creating new math than other fields? For example, computers sure created a lot of new math. Statistics was entirely driven by external pressure from medicine, social sciences, and business. Finance and economics created a lot of math around modeling and probability. And so on.
What advantage does this have over ICBMs?
That has been the way it worked before, later I opted in for levels.

You can find how the levels are here: https://github.com/shajidhasan/shehzadi-in-peril/blob/main/g...
A photograph is not the same as its subject, and it is not sufficient to reconstruct the subject, but it's still a representation of the subject. Even a few sketched lines are something we recognise as a representation of a physical object.

I think it's fair to call one process that can imitate a more complex one a representation of that process. Especially when in the very next sentence he describes it as a "projection", which has the mathematical sense of a representation that loses some dimensions.
And updates will once again push the defaults hoping you will just skip it this time to get to the desktop.
Thanks for the clarification. So I suppose this is a different way than key + II/ii/etc notation where one would think of implicit key as a color and be aware of consonant/dissonant colors which are certain distances/hues from that color.

I'm not really buying that we can interpret degrees of hue differences to identify which ones are consonant/dissonant when the base/reference color is changing. I would certainly expect our hue perception and usage to be absolute and not relative--vs pitch perception being mostly relative.

I can't say how a certain green is 'higher' than a red by the same amount a certain blue is higher than a green. It's requiring us to develop the same intuitions we already have for pitch for hues--creating a problem rather than solving one (if I'm understanding this correctly).
Unfortunately, modern Windows laptops don't support S3 sleep, instead they have this Modern Standby where CPU runs in low power all the time.
One rumour is that Amazon negotiated exclusivity for the higher DPI screens.
My question is where is he going to get the data?

Twitter, reddit and the rest of the web have deployed a number of anti-scrape techniques.
Mainly debt instruments (loans, lines of credit, etc.) and occasionally preferred shares.
>t's great, unless you need to run, say, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Excel, or Fortnite.

There's no way to use Wine for Microsoft Excel?
I looked at harfbuzzjs at one point when the work was making me cry. It looks very useful, but in the end I decided against using it. Partly because I'm keen to keep my library free of direct dependencies. But also because I know both Chromium and Firefox use Harfbuzz internally (I wonder what Safari uses instead?) and it annoys me that even with access to that tool, browsers still manage to make a mess of the Canvas Text Metrics interface[1].

People who develop canvas libraries soon learn that they don't get to play with Nice Things like consistency across browser implementations for the standards they've (allegedly) agreed to respect.

[1] - https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/TextMetrics
I'd say find some screenshot of Windows 95 with multiple applications running and marvel at it.
Google Workspace administration console is good example of UI in many ways less capable and useful then what I used twenty years ago. To name just a few:

- listviews are limited to 50 items. MSDOS apps running on 640kB memory could do better back in eighties.

- Adding a new item does not refresh listview. I had wits to do that when I was 13yo toying with qbasic.

- UI "windows" are just floating <div>s that can't be moved, with controls wherever UX monkey happened to have dropped them. Heck, even the (fake) close button can't have consistent left or right position. Compared to that mess, Windows 3 apps look like work of art.

- Many actions take long clock-to-display time. How come that rendering a few lines of text and some buttons is slower on gigahertz class multicore machine then pitiful 200Mhz celeron?

- Even the early, amateurish web apps from nineties, pushed through pathetic dialup internet had the common sense to check session timeout BEFORE displaying a form for user to fill in. Google today? Not so much.

I could continue, but this makes me sad.
I wish gaming was better. That’s the only reason I’m still on Windows for my gaming PC. I know it’s vastly improved (Proton, etc) but I’d still have to ditch quite a few games in my library.
Every complex piece of software "breaks in weird ways", that doesn't make it terrible. It will also break if you're trying to do 'weird' things it's not really designed for.
It's not a limitation, it's just hosted in Vercel. I will try and find an appropriate place to hyperlink my GitHub account.
For bizjets, that's another good use case, thanks.

I don't know how much travel there is along these routes, but you could probably shrink Dubai-Mumbai, say, from 3 hours to 1 hour, and that would be handy for meetings- only a 1.5 hour time difference with IST. But regular subsonic flights can also give you meetings in a day over that, so I'm not sure how much extra companies would be willing to pay for a commercial flight along those routes.
Awful news.

Seems like this is the publishers planned approach going forward, nonstop lawsuits to henpeck the IA to death.
I do use it for work. Hate it but my employer loves it.
>Afghanistan didn’t in 2017, a reason the ICC cited for rejecting prosecution.

That wasn't stopping ICC before the US put sanctions on its members involved in the investigation.
You can write software for it but reMarkable as a company has been downright adversarial to the open source community and MOST of the tools on that Awesome page are now defunct because reMarkable has obfuscated API endpoints or changed file-standards to prevent third party efforts.
Instead of rate limiting, more than a decade ago I started simply changing SSH port from 22 to something else.

In case I needed to proxy through home, or access something like web ui for home heating system - I simply used ssh tunnel (socks localhost etc)...

Of course now all that is simply done via WireGuard/Tailscale/etc.
Windows updates have lately been causing lots of problems, from relatively benign things like getting stuck in background failure loops to more problematic things like silently removing drivers to outright nasty things like constant BSODs. Using both macOS and Windows regularly, I'd say the two companies are neck and neck for how cavalierly they've been breaking things with major OS updates.
Thanks for playing!

Yeah a lot of people noticed the issue. I will have to do something about it!