skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Show HN: Testing AI for Legal Document Classification
Hey HN!

I recently had the chance to experiment with ChatGPT to review legal documents for a client. They wanted to speed up the process of categorizing legal documents and wondered if AI could help.

I've been playing with ChatGPT for a few years and following all the nuances and challenges associated with LLMs, so I advised them to tread carefully. They agreed to a systematic test case to find the best approach and to keep law students and professors in the loop for the final QC.

I carefully developed and revised a pre-prompt to accompany each document via ChatGPT's Assistant tool. This prompt included relevant definitions for elections, document types, and descriptions for each tag. After the results were returned, I analyzed and summarized the findings and provided the data to the client for careful review.

The results were pretty promising!

They reviewed the same documents and came to the same conclusion as the AI the vast majority of the time! Additionally, the tags provided were accurate enough to help speed up the legal evaluation.

tl;dr - here are some other high-level results:

1. Both budget (4o-mini) and full-size (4o) models do a reasonable job determining whether a document is related to elections.

2. The newer, larger models perform adequately for the more complicated task of assigning tags to documents.

3. The mini model struggled to return accurate or relevant document topic tags.

4. By evaluating each document multiple times, we could check for "concurrence" of the AI's evaluation.

5. Cost is a factor, given the length of some of these documents. I estimated the backlog of documents at ~150M tokens. If we evaluate each document multiple times, the costs really add up!
Generics Reification – JVMLS 2024
Well ok, they're as safe as long as we're extremely vigilant but does it then follow that we should be more relaxed about safety concerns? I don't think showing the stats is all that convincing to people when the worst case scenario is so impactful.

My guess is we'll need to see newer safer designs before public options shift.
Very cool to learn where my Linux file manager GUI app came from.

One point that is light on details in the wiki was what exactly their monetization plan was or if they even had one at all? It sounds like they wanted to integrate business/enterprise features and support, or perhaps features that plug into other internet services that they could possibly monetize. It sounds like the "network user experience" with "Eazel Online Storage" and "Software Catalog" were their initial monetization ideas.
The original claim was that it is illegal to study or to publish on such a claim. For pure slander in a non-scientific context without evidence, sure, some countries prohibit that.
I still remember that so many people cheered when legitimate doctors and scientists were banned from Twitter or Facebook, just for questioning either the lockdown or the effectiveness or risks of the vaccines. The doctors may not be correct, but shouldn't we allow people to question science? Our government can do what it does because the people embolden them.
I think the biggest advantage to such a reactor is that it solves two major issues in nuclear power. Containment costs and disposal costs. Containment is solved by the thousands of feet of rock and disposal is just filling in the hole with concrete and dirt.

You are right though that you will never win the safety argument. Nuclear has become entrenched in our culture as a world ending bugbear. Meanwhile the actual possibility of world ending climate change is just scooting along while people picket nuclear facilities and wind turbines.
Is there a no commercial use license?
No it highlights that a right-wing politician known for saying inflammatory things about migrants made a comment for purely political purposes and clearly did not care about the underlying scientific validity of his claim, since it actually does not exist.
Comparing common crawl to video makes no sense. Common crawl is text extracted from webpages. 424 terabytes of pure text contains exponentially more text than I will read in my entire life.
One difficulty with using multiple routes is you'll probably need to spend a lot of bytes on active probing, because the quality of a connection may change during the call and when the active connection loses quality it's not apparent what the other connections will do, so you need recent probing from them as well to make a smart change.

But in theory, you should have several routing options in a well supported calling service. I'll illustrate one direction, but the same options apply in the other direction, and there's no need for both peers to use the same connection to send (although WebRTC will)

Peer A -> Peer B

Peer A -> Relay near A -> Peer B

Peer A -> Relay near B -> Peer B

Peer A -> Relay near A -> Relay near B -> Peer B

If at least two of the four hosts mentioned have IPv4 and IPv6, you can also add those permutations. It's pretty typical to have different routing for v4 and v6.
Not an expert, just searched for it, but this article suggests - just skimmed it - that while most groundwater is indeed not that deep, there is groundwater several miles down and the interaction between deep and shallow ground water is not well understood.

[1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-023-00697-6
Related:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stark_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeeman_effect

Anode ray aka "positive ray" aka "canal ray":

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anode_ray

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron (aka "antielectron")

Paper: "Dual electromagnetism: helicity, spin, momentum and angular momentum":

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/15/3/03...

>"The dual symmetry between electric and magnetic fields is an important intrinsic property of Maxwell equations in free space. This symmetry underlies the conservation of optical helicity and, as we show here, is closely related to the separation of spin and orbital degrees of freedom of light (the helicity flux coincides with the spin angular momentum)." [...]

>"This dual electromagnetism preserves the form of Maxwell equations, yields meaningful canonical energy–momentum and angular-momentum tensors, and ensures a self-consistent separation of the spin and orbital degrees of freedom."
Compilation of JavaScript to WASM, Part 2: Ahead-of-Time vs. JIT
Show HN: A somewhat faster, more lightweight, ripgrep-inspired alternative
And unlike wind and solar can be used on-demand akin to coal, making it an extremely attractive option to run alongside renewables, especially year round. Solar panels are literally useless 75% of the year in at least 1/3rd of the US and we still rely on coal because of that. Sure, batteries may exist in the future that can handle solar, and maybe panels will exist in the future that will be more efficient, but we have technology now that can outpace renewables consistently and on-demand.
I think the novelty is that they don't have to optimise the splats at all, they're directly predicted in a single forward pass.
Second paragraph:

> Versa Director systems are primarily used by Internet service providers (ISPs), as well as managed service providers (MSPs) that cater to the IT needs of many small to mid-sized businesses simultaneously.

From their own website:

> Versa Director is Versa Networks’ virtualization and service creation platform that simplifies the creation, automation and delivery of services using Versa WAN edge software, FlexVNF.

https://versa-networks.com/documents/datasheets/versa-direct...
Buttondown Uses HAProxy
The difference is who gets harmed.
For solar and wind the general public generally can’t be affected by any accidents because the deaths are general work place hazards coming from working aloft with heavy equipment.

For nuclear power the public is on the hook for cleanup fees from hundreds of billions to trillions of dollars and the large scale accidents we have seen caused hundreds of thousands to get evacuated.

It is not even comparable. If I chose to not work in the solar and wind industry my chance of harm is as near zero as it gets. Meanwhile about all consequences from nuclear power afflicts the general public. Both in terms of costs, injuries and life changing evacuations.
Their main product is spam as a service. There's nothing to believe, you just have to look at their website for two seconds.
Offtopic, but this reminds me of a plausible tech support gore story.

An office was experiencing random Internet outages and they were struggling to figure out why. They traced it back to their router rebooting randomly. Tracing it back further, they found the outlet was experiencing big voltage drops. They then realized it was on the same circuit as a pump used to flush a porta potty for a construction team onsite. Everytime they'd flush the toilet, the router would lose power and reboot.
Linux.die.net and JavaScript Kill W3M:'(
Hey boys of the hood, how can you explain to all of (us (linux people that live in a terminal)) that this is the end, we cannot read anymore a manpage from web text browser?

Seriously tell us the interest for us to use linux.die.net if we cannot read a manpage from a terminal in the way we live in terminal.

Written from Emacs-W3M Thanks a lot to YCombinator for their counciousness!
I don't see why 6 is inherently worse than 4 or 8, not all of the layers are exactly equal or a power of 2 in count. 2^2, 2^3, vs 2^1*3^1 might give you more options.

The main issue I run into mainly is flops vs ram in any given card/model.
I had lucid dreams in the past, I can understand why people would call this astral projection, but to me it's pretty obviously brain produced experience. I doubt that anyone would believe in this stuff if they had Sack's experience of patients with brain injuries.
How to Update a TensorFlow Lite Model Remotely
Scientists create form of nuclear antimatter
A New Wave of Underwater Comms Is Coming
Yep. And that Wikipedia article explains, collective nouns are normally taken to be singular in American English:

> In American English, collective nouns almost always take singular verb forms (formal agreement). In cases that a metonymic shift would be revealed nearby, the whole sentence should be recast to avoid the metonymy. (For example, "The team are fighting among themselves" may become "the team members are fighting among themselves" or simply "The team is infighting.") Collective proper nouns are usually taken as singular ("Apple is expected to release a new phone this year"), unless the plural is explicit in the proper noun itself, in which case it is taken as plural ("The Green Bay Packers are scheduled to play the Minnesota Vikings this weekend").

I guess "couple" may be one of the exceptions?
I remember the hype when Nautilus first came out. I was a teenager, but even then, I had my doubts as to how a file manager make sense as the centerpiece for building a business. IIRC there were conversations about how to monetize it using premium add-ons which seemed pretty ridiculous at the time.
No smoking in your own home, California city orders residents
Buy-now-pay-later plans lead to rampant scams and bad debt across Southeast Asia
JuPytR aaaah!

TIL!
Yes

And do not forget rule 0, the rule above all : prohibit password's usage as much as possible. Use private keys or SAML or whatever.
This seems highly useful.

We have this in TS with Zod, Runtypes, and a few others. One may use field level validation or top level validation, irrespective of both!

I do see the validator crate as an existing/similar solve. One could also write a custom deserializer. Regardless, glad to see more energy here
The US is a white-majority country where the power and money are disproportionately in the hands of white people.

When a company (in education!) that makes lots of noise about diversity obviously favors hiring white people, it's noteworthy.

If we were in some brown-majority country where white people were excluded from money and power, yes, that would be noteworthy. Call it out! The US, despite what Trump tells his MAGA followers, is not that country.
Just guessing here, but I think it would have a much smaller footprint.

Google tells me the largest geothermal power plant is in California and it's gigawatt scale and takes up something like 45 sq miles of space.

The other factor might be location flexibility. You can probably dig a mile down just about anywhere but geothermal needs access to magma chambers. Are those everywhere?
Yes, that’s correct. The time is now to convert your Finale files, not a year from now. You could easily get stuck before a year is up due to OS upgrades. And you will get stuck eventually for the exact same reason, OS incompatibilities are coming, guaranteed. Finale is officially dead. Right now while it’s still working is when people should archive the contents of their files.

Circling back to your top comment, my point is that the tools to do this already exist. No new tools or freeware is needed, the exporters are already there.
> Vector stuff is typically hand coded with intrinsics or assembly. Autovectorization has mixed results because there’s no way to request the compiler to promise that it vectorized the code.

Right, but most of the time those are architecture specific and RVV 1.0 is substantially different than say, NEON or SSE2, so you need to change it anyways. You also typically use specialized registers for those, not the general purpose registers. I'm not saying there isn't work to be done (especially in for an application like this one, that is extremely performance sensitive), I'm saying that most applications won't have these problems are be so sensitive that register spills matter much if at all.
Mostly for anti-fingerprinting features, but also just because I like to control the browser, since I spend all day in it.
Which means nuclear and renewables are the worst possible companions imaginable.

Nuclear and renewables compete for the same slice of the grid. The cheapest most inflexible where all other power generation has to adapt to their demands. They are fundamentally incompatible.

For every passing year more existing reactors will spend more time turned off because the power they produce is too expensive.

Let alone insanely expensive new builds.

https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/energy-...

Batteries are here now, and delivering nuclear scale energy day in and day out in California.

https://blog.gridstatus.io/caiso-batteries-apr-2024/
On average, the Earth's crust is over 10 miles thick. There's a pretty big difference between drilling 1 mile and 10 miles - literally an order of magnitude.
How would a third party client make it easier to breach the protocol? You can still study the source of the client, the protocol, make a fork of it and modify it, etc. The official client is fully open source.

The argument for security for disallowing other clients would be being able to modify the protocol to patch out security issues without worrying about compatibility with other clients.
Caltech, long a bastion of male students, enrolls first class of majority women
We don't build nukes because of cost. Anything else is propaganda.
I assume he’s familiar with the transparency standards of his own site. And he still calls whatever happened pressure. So it’s entirely possible it wasn’t as innocuous as you suggest.
> And Win10 on my wife's machine is a salad, reminding me of Linux desktop experience from 1998.

This is pretty funny, because if you just use Gnome apps + desktop environment, you have a consistent experience. But if you only use Microsoft/Windows GUIs, panels and applications, it nowhere near as consistent.

So even the Gnome team can build better UI and UX than Windows themselves can, pretty telling.
Hopefully the person responsible for writing it reads the generated report and signs that it is accurate.
I would not describe the current nuclear power regulatory system as "Extremely Vigilant." More like "Extremely Litigious." I think lawyers have made more on nuclear power than concrete companies and nuclear engineers combined.
Of course. At best it's based on skin color, eye shape, and hair type. But different countries have different notions of what is a race, or what race a person is. And these also vary historically a lot (e.g. Irish people and Italian people used to be considered different races in the USA). And there is nothing objective about the choice of characteristics attributed to "race".

And finally and perhaps most importantly, no studies of race ever look at any genetics to define the races, they look at the regular proxies. A black-skinned child of a black-skinned mother and a white-skinned father is typically considered "black" even if they are just as black as they are white, genetically (or even more, if the black-skinned parent also had a white-skinned parent).
I wonder if systems will ship at some point that are a handful of big RISC-V CPUs, and then a “GPU” implemented as a bunch of little RISC-V CPUs (with the appropriate vector stuff—actually, side-question, can classic vectors, instead of packed SIMD, be useful in a GPU?)
The intent was to strategically react to crises, as opposed to the existing perpetual (60 years and counting) bribe program.

Strategically/rarely buying and dumping excessively cheap grain would bolster farmers' livelihoods, prevent price collapse, and... some fish get fed one time.
Yes, good call out - I actually wrote a bit more about this and how we arrived at our solution with `tach`.

[0] https://www.gauge.sh/blog/the-trouble-with-all
Hydrogen economies imply environmental trade-offs and a supply-demand mismatch
That's like saying I don't understand what vanilla flavour means just because I can't tell you how many hydrogen atoms vanillin contains — my sense of smell just doesn't do that, and an LLM just isn't normally tokenised in a way to count letters.

What I can do, is google it. And an LLM trained on an appropriate source that creates a mapping from nearly-a-whole-word tokens into letter-tokens, that model can (in principle) learn to count the letters in some word.
I'd assume it uses RADV, same as the Steam Deck. For most workloads that's faster than AMD's own driver. And yes, it uses Wine and DXVK. As dar as the game is concerned it's running on a DirectX-capable x86 Windows machine. That's a lot of translation layers.
I do have to say that's about the cleanest shell script of that size I've ever seen. cperciva, if you're reading this, that's pretty.
We can and should domesticate raccoons
ARM64 has approximately 1300 instructions.
Interesting! Does that make it perform worse on some modern hardware due to having, say, worse scheduling for CPUs with multiple CCXs or worse graphics drivers? I'm obviously wandering a bit outside my knowledge here.
We have workshop planned for the middle of September, after that, I hope things will start to stabilize a bit. I already started documenting some stuff in examples app, sort of self-documenting integration tests. Will have normal docs too, of course

https://s.tonsky.me/share/Screenshot%202024-08-27%20at%2017....
Probably because it was simpler and less prone to political interpretation (a dark lord sitting in the east of the continent with a ton of humanoids that work like slaves to wage a war to the rest of the world).
So we are unable to judge, and therefore the null hypothesis must be that humans are genetically similar enough that trait variation is explained by external factors?

I think we can judge, and also that the null hypothesis should be that humans are evolutionary creatures like all other creatures on the planet, with groupings exhibiting different traits based on the genetic makeup.
I would imagine the scale. This would provide much more power compared to geothermal installed in the same square footage.
Reminds me of a lot of the initiatives coming out of big companies. The grander the vision, the more vague they are, the more money and time they hoover up as people try to rephrase the initial vague aims in different ways.

And, bless they even have an architecture document which does nothing to bring this blurry vision into focus.

https://gaia-x.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Gaia-x-Architec...
Starship is rather similar to ASSTO actually.
> When people who haven’t been to America talk about it, they get their ideas from the distorted cliches of the media. A land of gun nuts and COVID deniers, rife with racism and obesity! This annoys me. I’ve lived in the US and have family there. I know these views are absurdly one-sided. People who’ve lived in Africa get a similar twinge when the clichés come out: “Africa, land of rape and lions”, as the Wronging Rights blog puts it. Not going abroad makes people parochial. Their experience is limited, and what they know of other countries is refracted through the biases of the local media

Public relations was invented in US and the whole establishment of the United States is rooted in manipulation of the public opinion. The African examples are not a distraction of real issues but some real issues while in the US there is, I think, much less actual issues than thought. For example there are probably no major racial issues in the US today; localized racism exists but everyone can vote and has roghts. Poverty on other hand is an issue. Of course you can say you have evidence against this point, but note that it's probably just confirmations of the narrative, not a relative comparison of societal challenges.

This would imply there exists a confusion between issues per public opinion and issues per literature. We can further deduce this is probably caused by the lack of separation of these in context of foreign talk about Americans; others satirisize Americans for being fools to falll into focusing on issues of public opinion and others only recognize the social hotness of the issue per public opinion without recognizing they are a distraction.
An LLM, certainly by itself, can't be "as creative and exploratory as any human coder", because it's limited by inability to reason other than by training data mashup, has no curiosity, no ability to learn from it's exploratory mistakes and successes (were it to make them), etc, etc.

It seems we've reached the point that understanding of LLMs would be a great candidate for the beginner/intermediate/expert meme. "It's just autocomplete" -> "It's got a world model, it's thinking for itself" -> "It's just autocomplete".
Not yet, but in theory, sure
TypedSQL: Make your raw SQL queries type-safe with Prisma ORM
I remember when Teamwork's founder bought a round of drinks for everyone at a local tech meetup to celebrate acquiring the domain (teamwork.com).

I think they paid something like half a million quid for it? It was an absolutely eye watering amount to me at the time (and I think them, in fairness), but past a certain size having your .com was and probably still is big for trust.

Which is to say, congratulations! You must be delighted.
> And from an engineering perspective Chornobyl isn't that interesting as an accident example because it's mostly a product of brainwashed egotic manager who had all the power over the engineers.

Pretty sure it's actually extremely interesting.

The test was considered such a non-risk that it required next to no oversight [1] [2]. If something that doesn't require oversight results in a nuclear disaster then something is wildly wrong with your regulations and design.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster#Safety_test

[2]: https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub913e_web.p...
Seems interesting, but as a k8s user this isn’t super clear/intuitive to me. Maybe it’s that im on mobile :)?
the algorithm is cool but it does not scale well.

it's awesome for small things (like mobile-style app GUIs), but not usable for full-scale desktop apps (e.g. a DAW).