skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> the decoder can [...] tolerate unknown fields.

See ASN.1's extensibility rules. If you mark a record type (SEQUENCE, in ASN.1 parlance) as extensible, then when you later add fields (members, in ASN.1 parlance) the encoding rules have to make it possible to skip/ignore those fields when decoded by software implementing the pre-extension type. PER/OER will include a length for all the extension fields for this purpose, but it can be one length for all the extension fields in each round of extensions rather than one per (which would only save on the type "tag" in TLV).

> the decoder can skip decoding fields

This is mainly true for on-line decoders that produce `{path, leaf value}` tuples _and_ which take paths or path filters as arguments.

> Now, you may disagree that tolerating unknown fields is a features (as many people do), but one must understand the context where protobuf has been designed, namely the situation where it takes time to roll out new versions of binaries that process the data (either in API calls or on stored files) and thus the ability to design a schema evolution with backward and forward compatibility is worth a few more cycles during encoding.

This is the sort of thing I mean when I complain about the ignorant reinvention of the wheel that we all seem to engage in. It's natural and easy to do that, but it's not really a good thing.

Extensibility, versioning, and many many other issues in serialization are largely not new, and have been well-known and addressed for decades. ASN.1, for example, had no extensibility functionality in the early 1980s, but the only encoding rules at the time (BER/DER/CER), being TLV encodings, naturally supported extensibility ("skipping over unknown fields"). Later formal support for extensibility was added to ASN.1 so as to support non-TLV encodings.

ASN.1 also has elaborate support for "typed holes", which is what is referred to as "references" in [0].

ASN.1 gets a lot of hate, mainly for

a) its syntax being ugly (true) and hard to parse (true-ish)

b) the standard being non-free (it used to be non-free, but it's free now, in PDF form anyways)

c) lack of tooling (which is not true anymore).

(c) in particular is silly because if one invents a new syntax and encoding rules then one has to write the non-existent tooling.

And every time someone re-invents ASN.1 they miss important features that they were unaware of.

Meanwhile ASN.1 is pluggable as to encoding rules, and it's easy enough to extend the syntax too. So ASN.1 covers XML and JSON even. There's no other syntax/standard that one can say that for!

Next time anyone invents a new syntax and/or encoding rules, do please carefully look at what's come before.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_data-serialization_formats
I did read the article, the author's point is obvious, there is no incentive to boot up a 1000 year old brain. My point is that I think the author missed the family connection.

>1000 years pass. Everyone that ever knew, loved or cared about you die.

Doesn't matter if your descendants never knew you, they still might want you around. I personally would want to boot up my ancestors going back 1000 years, and I think a lot of people would. Purely for filial affinity reasons. And the person that you boot up might want you to boot up THEIR parents and so on.

Beyond curiosity and research purposes, it's obviously not useful to boot up a 1000 year old person and try to educate them to be competent in a future. But I think the author just glossed over the fact that there might be a physical link (genes, family, etc) between you and certain people living 1000 years from now.

Actually it seems fairly likely to me that at least one of your descendants will want to boot you up just based on the sheer number of descendants you end up having factoring in exponential growth of offspring.

Frame it this way: if one of your descendants has a 1% chance of wanting to bring you back and talk to you and see what you're like and you have thousands of descendants, you have a fairly good chance of being brought back at least for some period of time.
I like such studies, a lot.

They state the obvious (like the really obvious anyone working can voice out) but since they come from a consulting company, they suddenly become important and need to be addressed.

Whether the addressing works is another story, but when you say it it has zero value and when they say it it is the greatest discovery after induction plates.

I often use consultants to say the word of god to management - actually the word of me I want to be heard.

It is a pity we trash money this way though.
I was thinking the opposite: it's actually surprising how long 16 GB has remained a useful amount of RAM? At home I use a 10 year old 16 GB laptop and the amount of RAM never seems to be the problem. Any sloth is always due to one or both of the outdated GPU and outdated CPU.

(First time I bought a PC with 16 GB RAM was 2011. It wasn't a ridiculous amount of RAM back then, just usefully more than necessary. 16 GB has probably been a sensible amount for 15 years now.)

(Whether I'd buy a computer today with 16 GB of soldered-in non-upgradeable RAM - that's another question. And my answer would be: I wouldn't. However that is not because it would be useless on day of purchase!)
Terminal Video Player
More likely because others lobby against nuclear energy. I talked to an energy analyst a few years back who knew how to read past the politics and interpret the math. The short of it... energy consumption projections for next 25 years outpace even the most optimistic renewable growth curves. Without a significant increase in nuclear power, the only option left is fossil fuels.

The estimated energy needs of developing countries is massive. Renewables can offset it a bit, but it's a drop in the bucket. Even if nuclear got past political blocks, it still takes 30 years to build.

[Edit] The above is just one analyst's opinion. It may be inaccurate our outdated and lacks sources.
Currently less than 4% of Americans save any money. To assume that any would save enough to compound instead of spend in the absence of taxes is naive.
Try saving the local currency in a country with a government that is actively debasing its currency to fund the ventures of its aristocracy, and you will understand that having access to a secure, transferable store of the value of your work is not universal, but a privilege assured by the power of trillions of dollars of fighter jets.
No, it states Durov was arrested in context of a judicial investigation of a an unnamed person. Durov himself, to my knowledge, has not been charged with any crimes.
It "makes more sense" to use a tablet as a second display when you need it. You just have to set up a headless display and use moonlight/sunshine. But then again, I couldn't tell you how to set up a headless display in Windows, in X11 it's 3 commands to set up and 2 to toggle on/off.
I'd say the pay is on the low side even when comparing outside the FAANG. Globally tech wages went up but Intel didn't budge due to long standing poor financial performance (see stock price since 2000) leading to a slow rot of their core strength.

In a direct dollar to dollar conversion Intel in the Bay Area (the highest paying location) pays pretty much exactly 2x in raw salary for equivalent levels to TSMC roles based in Taiwan. That might sound like a pro-Intel comment but the simple fact is that it's a lot cheaper to live in Taiwan. 2x Taiwanese wages are not going to entice anyone to move to the highest cost of living region in the world. TSMC clearly has amazing talent and Intel are not only failing to compete against the other US tech giants, they can't even entice from lower wage regions of the world right now.

It's pretty obvious that there's talent Intel needs and if we want to onshore the production from Taiwan we need that talent but Intel isn't coming close.
It is not cool to suggest someone goes to jail for many years to prove something while you will be enjoying an online conversation in safety.
Perhaps things aren't so binary on either side.

Some people using crypto are criminals, terrorists, and (perhaps less concerning albeit more numerous) tax-evaders. Some aren't.

And on the other side, some (much?) government spending is inefficient, highly-politicized, and perhaps contrary to someone's moral compass (e.g. the average American citizen sends $11.34 each year to Israel, or sends Uncle Sam a whopping $140/yr -- out of their own pockets -- to fund the 'War on Drugs' which disproportionately puts black men into prison for small amounts of personal cannabis possession). So yes, gov tax spending builds roads and defends property rights - but that doesn't mean it's all good. A reasonable person can take issue with both the size and targets of much of the spending.

Anyways, my point isn't to debate the pros/cons of particular government spending examples, but rather that the average person has not just reason but also a duty to assess how government spending happens, whether or not that aligns with their values, and to vote and organize appropriately to try to change that.

If you're already a bit more libertarian, skeptical of federal monetary policy, morally conflicted about how your tax dollars are spent, in tech with a love of technology, then ya you probably are going to like the fact that crypto is outside of the normal system.
Wordpress still didn't have an official style guide or components when I was developing in it which always irked me. Every plugin looked different and most times you would get jQuery conflicts if 2 plugins needed different versions. Also people not using namespaces and just throwing functions within the global namespace was a nightmare to debug. Don't get me wrong, WordPress has always been great at getting something up quick, but if you're going to be creating an app where you need a separate framework, I don't see why you would pickaxe into WordPress itself. Just create a separate app in your favorite framework of choice and use their API to interface with it. Their API is actually really good and easy to work with.
>But suppose you have an entire forest of logs. Then it may indeed be worth breeding bigger oxen

That’s idiotic unless you have other constraints. The parallelism allows you to also break apart the oxen to do multiple smaller logs at the same time when their combined force isn’t needed.
If they don't have any use for him anymore, he will fall out of a window or get a heart attack.
Russia was NOT a very different country. Sorry, but no.

I remember Putin's rise to power - I was 13 at the time. Now I'm 37 and basically a refugee (made a few stupid decisions, now who knows what happen if I decide to go see my parents). Putin's Russia turned into a brutally authoritarian country around 2011 when there were widespread protests condemning heavily falsified municipal elections.

In 2012, we were almost certain that Putin's days are over... in 2018 I remember myself standing in scalding Moscow sun at the Sakharov square at a protest against Telegram being blocked, wearing a Tor T-shirt and handing over flyers and materials telling people how to evade government blocks on the net.

Now, I just don't care. I feel deeply betrayed by my own country and sometimes I wish Russia was nuked out of existence. And yet, this is the country where my parents live, and many of my friends who couldn't leave.

This all is hell on Earth for me -- I have many Ukrainian and Russian friends -- we try to help each other, but currently I'm losing all hope at at least somewhat sane resolution of it all. My friends are equally desperate - many turned refugees and asylum seekers, many without work or language knowledge in foreign countries...

Sometimes I just wish life on Earth never existed at all.
Here in the UK, they're quite well known, maybe they just aren't in other places?
I second this; have been using Roots “frameworks” for years now and cant state enough how great this is compared to wordpress-traditional-workflow.

It’s great.
Thank you so much for reading that paper and writing this comment.

There definitely are resources that I can recommend. Can't do this at the moment (work awaits!), but will come back to this in the evening.

One book that did a lot for me was What Is Mathematics?[1] by Courant and Robbins. Godel, Escher, Bach[2], while not strictly a math book (and not a book I actually finished reading), was another. These would be my go-to recommendations without thinking much.

There are also many more playful mathematics books that might be an even better fit for what you want, but I'd need to go through my bookshelf to pick some.

> It wasn't until after collage that I stumbled across some gifs showing how/why various formulas in geometry are what they are, and I was really upset that those types of things weren't shown in school.

I know, right? Me too.

BTW, if you have ever stumbled into this one:

https://www.reddit.com/r/math/comments/g15ei/tan_demystified...

...I made it for that exact reason. I need to come back to this stuff.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Is_Mathematics%3F

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del,_Escher,_Bach
> occurred after he visited Azerbaijan, where it was speculated he met Putin. Right after that, he boards his plane and goes directly to Paris

How credible are these claims?
Detectives. You want more detectives. Cops do not solve crimes. They're the foot soldiers -- enforcers -- of domestic politics. Detectives have to get a college degree and actually know the law! At best, cops will cordon off a crime scene and protect it until detectives and CSI arrive.
Landlords also aren’t businesses. They’re a class of parasitic rentiers who siphon off wealth from economic activity around them and use corrupt means to prevent competition (mostly bribing politicians to constrain supply).
No, the reason most voters gave is that the payment was promised, not that it maximized their returns. There are any number of projects that Tesla could spend $50 billion on that would provide a greater return to investors than giving it to Musk. Even giving him a fraction of that would have been enough to retain Musk over giving him nothing, if they really believe Musk's leadership will be positive for future returns.
Moore's SECOND law is the big kicker here.

The cost of a current top end fab is astronomical for experienced semiconductor companies. There is no "skunkworks" to get a top end fab going.

The real prayer is that Moore's FIRST law / node shrinks run fundamentally out of steam in producing efficiency or speed results, and that gives the entire industry time to optimize and drop fab equipment costs for near-top-end fab performance. This may actually start to happen in the next 5-10 years.
That’s my fustration with Telegram. When it comes to ui/ux is beats WhatsApp day and night. But the encryption by default is so so disappointing
A large publicly traded company states expectations that their business model -- which they cannot change -- will still be viable in 25 years.
My 2012 11" MBA is the same, love that machine. It's an issue with 2016-present laptops unfortunately
> and it would be more difficult to have a job that's truly in random far-flung, unpredictable locations. When I was forced to sit with it, I did refuse to live in the city that didn't help me do that.

I have a job that's a 30-minute drive from where I live (or a 7 hour walk, or a questionable 2 hour bike ride). My workplace is in a terrible part of town, and there's no way I'd live in the one (1) apartment complex within walking distance of it. Nobody takes public transportation to my workplace because no public transportation stops are within walking distance of it. On the other hand, I work at this company because I want to; I moved to this city to work at this company.

You're essentially saying people should just not care about where they work or where they live, and/or you're projecting your own privilege of being able to live and work wherever you want to onto everyone else.

> Do you not feel like the only reason you do that is because it's what you've conditioned yourself to do?

No, I did it because it was a foreign country that speaks a language I'm still not great at, and I didn't have any clue where anything was before I got there. I'm glad you and your partner had no actual schedule and had the luxury of just being able to bumble around wherever, whenever in order to fulfill whatever it is you think you got out of your trip.

I did not feel like taking hours in advance to look up and write down the same information that would've been needed to navigate the plethora of train and bus stops to go the places I wanted to go (which would then be rendered useless if I made a wrong turn en-route), or to be stuck within the immediate vicinity of my lodging in the various cities and towns where I stayed.

My earlier comment was not combative, but you're really coming off as a "just roll with it, maaaaan" hippy, which is not applicable to most people and not useful to discuss at a societal level. Do I wish normal people were more social and less tech-reliant? Sure. Me ditching my phone or throwing my career away to avoid driving is not going to fix the world, though. No functioning individual can or should be expected to do that.

(And for all your response, I don't think you strengthened your original case of comparing reliance on smartphones to reliance on cars, which is specifically what I objected to.)
> My parents could recite a 1940s radio comedy sketch about the phonetic alphabet and cockney rhyming slang

Was that the "'Ay for 'Orses" thing? I still know most of it, and never knew where it came from
How much of the tax evasion would disappear if we could pay taxes on crypto in crypto? The fact that the regulators scare banks away from allowing transfers to/from crypto exchanges whilst the IRS and HMRC demand taxes to be paid in USD or GBP makes the space prone to non-compliance and stifles innovation. So, either support legitimate crypto businesses and exchanges or let me pay tax on my meme coin gains in meme coin.
I don’t know enough to have an opinion on that.

I am wondering what would happen to Exxon if they publicly said the opposite though?
With climate change progress being made, sadly I agree with Exxon
I'll take a public anarchist over secret authoritarian any day. Also, your implication that anyone who questions authority or these charges somehow is an anarchist or believes some should be above the law is laughable
> if the goal is to see competitive leading-edge semiconductor fabs owned by U.S. corporations.

I think another efficient goal would be to invite politically friendly asian companies to build fabs in US.

Not clear if US companies can catch up at this point.
I had one of these as a kid, got it as a christmas present because my dad did the give one get one thing. It was a lot of fun and I remember messing around with Python on there because it came with an interpreter, I think.
> How much time did people spend actually engaging with the deep and thoughtful narrative in Skyrim? And how much did they spend just enjoying the world?

Ah, but the world of Skyrim is itself the deep and thoughtful narrative. It has been painstakingly crafted to give the characters, locations, and history meaning and interest. Only the barest minimum amount of freedom is then sprinkled on top in the form of player agency. The consistency is what makes it so interesting!

For an AI generated story, you'll need to find a way to ensure everything stays coherent. If I convince a random farmer that it's in his best interest to try to kill the king or marry the mayor's daughter, but come back the next week to find him contentedly plowing his field again, my immersion is broken and my day is ruined! I suspect that giving this level of freedom to NPCs will make crafting a stable (playable) world difficult to impossible.
The exception proves the rule. In general, we hold providers liable for the damage their goods and services do.
The daylight-readable screen was most interesting to me. Not sure anyone has achieved mainstream success with this, though https://daylightcomputer.com/product is trying.

OLPC seems like a good example of spending too many "innovation tokens" at once. Very difficult to succeed when making a new system with unique hardware components and new software all at once.
>What? Are you saying the person who has least benefited from the current system should also have the least say in how the country is ran?

As much sympathy as I have for the homeless (more than average probably), I'm sticking with that. Just because someone is in a bad position today does not mean that they have benefited the least! Lots of things can make a person homeless, including a deliberate decision to live like that. But let's just say that broadly speaking, and notwithstanding some very awful possibilities of disenfranchisement that are pure fantasy, someone who cannot manage their own life properly should not be telling us how to run ours or how much we owe them out of our pay. The law is the law and this homeless voting issue does not concern me enough to actually fight it. But let's just say I don't care what the homeless think of who should be elected. Before you argue more, just know that I know you don't respect my opinion about how the government should be run either, and neither of us is homeless or a criminal (I assume).

That view of mine is completely aside the point that we need to ensure that only authorized people vote and one person gets one vote. There are lots of people I would rather didn't vote, and whom I would not trust to do anything for me. But that's a separate issue from ensuring the integrity of the election for people we deem fit to vote.
> With compounding, total taxation takes away >99% of income

That does not compute.

Perhaps you could explain that.
It depends on the circles you run in.

If you consume news primarily from, say, Hacker News, then sure.
I subscribe to Bertrand Russell's hypothesis that the earth was created five minutes ago. Events that you remember do not necessarily have to have happened; memories were put in our minds. Impossible to prove wrong.
It's more like it pays better to be on a small team that can create software that is easily scaled to millions of users, running on hardware that is very difficult to produce but done using 2nd world and 3rd world manufacturing and supply chains.
Unless you're a crazy super talented artist, Photoshop doesn't let anyone create super realistic changes to photos like this, lighting/shadows and all.
> I've never found out what "J" stands for

> janky J-map

There you go

> Infinitesimals

Infinitesimals are completely well-founded.
It's just that Archimedes and Newton didn't know a foundation for them.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surreal_number
Sure, though I wonder if we might see areas where the development is similar to cell phone growth: areas with poor infrastructure found it easier to put up towers than to run copper POTS lines. Likewise, localized energy production may be quicker to expand than traditional grids, once prices hit a certain point.
Perhaps Hetzner or OVH?
Or one of them could lower to 4.35 and take all the business. Which is normally what would happen without collusion.
So you think the hardworking 4% should suffer like the rest of them? Even though they pay more taxes? Taxation is supposed to be fair, but your approach isn't.
Memery
Related: IRS requires brokers to report certain sales of digital assets beginning in 2025.

https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/treasury-irs-issue-final-regula...
AGPL3 gets somewhat near this; if someone wants to profit in the cloud from it, they have to share all changes they make (and in theory then anyone else could go run a for profit or free service in the cloud or locally with the same new code).
Not my case, I'm simply lacking the stamina to exercise but push myself through cardio nonetheless. Maybe I need to do a blood test or something like that. I was hoping for some leads on what could cause this.