skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Same thing with exposure to bacteria, too much and you get the bubonic plague, too little you get autoimmune disorders. Moderation is key.
If you click on the timestamp of comments that are dead and you have enough karma(?) you can vouch for them and they sometimes come back.
Humans is the most general intelligence we know about, so that is why we called it general intelligence, because we have made so many intelligences that are specialized on a specific domain like calculators or chess engines we need a word for something that is as general as humans, because being able to replace humans is a very important goal.
> Okay, let's assume we take every last dollar from every billionaire in the U.S. regardless of the legality, feasibility, or morality. We now have $5.5 trillion dollars.

This would be stupid. You collect money from the passive gains that are rising automatically.

If the $1 billion grows automagically to $1.1 billion - that is $100 million earned without doing anything - just tax that $100 million at say 10% which will make their return $90 million instead of the $100 million. They will still end up with $1.09 billion but they also return some value to the rest of the society that is making them wealthy.

Do this over and over for every concentrated billion in existence and keep funding social security deficits.
Love the message when attempting to open a multi-volume rar video.

[libarchive] This appears to be a multi-volume archive.

[libarchive] Support is not very good due to libarchive limitations.

[libarchive] There are known cases of libarchive crashing mpv on these.

[libarchive] This is also an excessively inefficient and stupid way to distribute

[libarchive] media files. People creating them should rethink this.
It's not about population vs. individual. The underlying principle is the assumption that we (the people taking the bus) arrive at a random time. And we're more likely to arrive in a shit interval (because they're longer) than in a lucky interval (because they're shorter).

Here's a trivial example.

Buses are supposed to arrive at a 10 minute interval: 12:00, 12:10 and 12:20. But today the second bus arrives a bit early, at 12:07. So they arrive at 12:00, 12:07 and 12:20. We arrive at the bus stop at a random moment >12:00 and <= 12:20.

If we arrive in the interval 12:00-12:07, our average waiting time will be 3.5 minutes. What's the chance that we do arrive in this interval? 7 mins/20 mins.

If we arrive in the interval 12:07-12:20, our average waiting time will be 6.5 minutes. What's the chance that we do arrive in this interval? 13 mins/20 mins.

So our expected waiting time is not 5 minutes but 3.5 * 7/20 + 6.5 * 13/20 = 5.45.

Basically "the shit intervals are longer so we're more likely to arrive in them. the lucky intervals are shorter so we're less likely to arrive in them.". If we arrive at a random time, which is the core assumption here.

Now you might say "but 5.45 doesn't feel close to 2N". And that's where the other assumption that probably does not reflect reality comes in - the bus arrival times are simulated as uniform random numbers. I mean, it depends on where you live, haha. But it's pretty much a worst case scenario, so in reality it's not as bad. Which the writer shows using the real-world data.

Nevertheless, unless it's the Japanese subway which always arrives exactly on time, it's always going to be bigger than 2N.

And what if we don't arrive at a random time, but arrive according to some pattern guided by the bus schedule? That change everything.

Still, it's actually pretty common to arrive at a random time, and buses (and some subways, or other things in life) do tend to arrive not exactly on time, in which case it holds. To some extent.
Evidently: An open-source ML and LLM observability framework
I don't see any attempt to veil it -- there was specific mention of revenue and competitors

Did SourceGraph make any promises about a community or free support? (honest question)

I think your expectations may be off, perhaps learned from corporate marketing. "Open source" by itself does not mean necessarily

1. you get any support

2. there is a community [1]

3. you're entitled to all future source code by that person or company, whether under the same project name or not.

---

It could be that SourceGraph has broken some promises, and that IS pretty typical of VC-backed companies.

But so far I don't see evidence of that.

Quoting my comment: https://lobste.rs/s/tg5vwi/sourcegraph_went_dark#c_vnaqxu

Even according to Stallman, free software never required any kind of support, open development, or commit history. You can publish a tarball on a web server, and that counts as free software.

i.e. publishing source code doesn’t sign you up for a lifelong obligation. People can fork it, or not fork it.

---

Practically speaking, I might think of SourceGraph as something like Android.

Is Android open source? Yes. [2]

Does it have huge proprietary parts? Yes.

It is designed for collaborative development? Not really unless you work for a big company, and are paid to work on Android. (That said, I'm sure there are hobbyists / "people in their basement" that do meaningful things with Android source code -- and actually I think that is how some open phone companies started)

Is it better than it's open rather than closed? Yes. Multiple competitors to Google use Android source code, e.g. Amazon has built phones off of it. That is good thing IMO.

---

[1] On my own open source projects, there is a community and best-effort support, and I really encourage that! But the point is that there are MULTIPLE valid project models under the name "open source".

Throwing code over the wall is actually valid open source, and it actually benefits society IMO. It's still valuable, even if you STOP doing it, as SourceGraph has done.

It's distinct from "I get free stuff that I like using"

There could be a different name for "unfunded or independently funded open source", but the funny thing is that the term "open source" originated as a corporate-friendly alternative to "free software"

[2] As a tangent, I also think Android has a really suboptimal and cloud-slanted architecture, but for this discussion, let's just use it as a an example of corporate open source
Not really. By definition an inertial guidance or navigation system has to do some sort of integration of inputs over time. Gyroscopes are typically used as part of inertial guidance systems, but connecting a gyro output directly to a rudder input wouldn't by itself be considered as inertial guidance. The device wasn't doing anything to calculate absolute position based on inertia.
Show HN: Pimping Music
A collection of the best albums that make you feel good
In June a related Forbes article projected 50M in revenue in 2024.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2024/06/17/a-robota...
https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradtempleton/2024/08/20/waymos...
Ben Franklin said about the same of older women!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advice_to_a_Friend_on_Choosing...
Ouch. That's also well above the threshold where we'd have to get IT approval to use them as a vendor, complete with security reviews, comparison shopping with other vendors, bringing in the legal team to look at the contract, etc. It's not "just" writing a check for $30K and calling it a day.
This article is bullshit. It fails to mention the many limitations of analog hardware.

> Analog signals are continuous waveforms that vary smoothly over time, capturing every nuance of the original sound.

> The continuous nature of analog signals means they can theoretically capture an infinite amount of detail. When you play an analog record, for example, the sound you hear is a continuous representation of the original performance.

Analog signals get corrupted by noise everywhere. Noise of the read head. Wow-and-flutter in the speed variations of the phonograph or tape player. Noise of the wire. Crosstalk between wires. Noise of the amplifier. Noise of the mixer. Linearity and harmonic distortion. And so on. Digital systems can tightly control the noise and regenerate the signal perfectly.

> digital signals are still approximations of the original analog waveform

And analog waveforms are approximations of the original analog sound wave.

> These [analog] components interact with the signal in real-time, providing an infinite resolution

No, it's limited by noise and bandwidth. For example, an op-amp might only be good for 1 MHz.

> For example, even a simple analog circuit like a passive 1-pole low-pass filter (see figure above) can have output values where digital emulations can't be sure if the result is correct. This non-computability presents a fundamental limitation in achieving perfect digital emulation.

They fail to elaborate on this. Maybe this is a reference to chaos theory and the sensitivity to initial conditions? But that wouldn't imply non-computability.

> As technology evolves, the industry will continue to grapple with the balance between the precision of digital systems and the irreplaceable warmth and character of analog sound.

Don't tell me this is the same argument as "increasing density will change the character of the neighborhood"...

Anyway, the article also fails to mention ideas like:

* It is hard to control the variance of analog devices. This knob might behave noticeably differently from that knob, this transistor different from that one, and so on. If you have two analog guitar amps of the same model, it is legitimately possible for one to behave so differently from the other that you would hate to swap them.

* Digital algorithms are easier to design, implement, and debug. They are reproducible and modular. You can inspect any part of the signal processing chain without disrupting the result. This is not true in the analog domain, because for example, probing a circuit can change the behavior of the circuit.

* A must-see introductory video on digital sampling by Xiph.Org's Monty Montgomery: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIQ9IXSUzuM [2013], https://xiph.org/video/vid2.shtml
I'm fine saying it is complicated. So, Maybe? I have grass right next to some that does not die due to the sun exposure. But it is shaded for large portions of the day, there.

All of that is to say, I don't think you can or should reduce this down to only sun exposure. There is more going on.
Also buses are more likely to let other buses out in traffic so that's another reason why you get clumps of buses arriving rather than regularly spaced ones
there's a popular trend that has been gaining momentum over decades that has people so disconnected from reality that they think a pill can replace proper diet, exercise, and in this case, the sun.

there is an obesity epidemic in this country at the root of many ailments (inflammation is the root of many diseases) and you have politicians pitching policies about bringing the cost of "drugs" down to treat these ailments but we have no mainstream leaders with mainstream policies advocating for health and fitness to fix the root issue.

we're going in the wrong direction and something has to change.
I feel it’s worth remembering that Social Security’s insolvency was created by the Republicans choosing to exempt everything over $125k from taxation. Restoring that would help immensely because there are a lot more millionaires than billionaires, and you should be thinking about cash flow rather than current asset holdings.
It does not seem to be flagged, but down voted.

Personally I wold also down vote it as it is not very well founded. A change of the wording would probably go a long way not to be down-voted and also some support for the ideas.

Furthermore, it represents a sentiment and a direction I think most people on HN do not agree with. As a European I also do not not agree that direction to solve the issue.
Agree! I think people are sooo scared of cancer (which is understandable) and have had 15 years of the sun screen industry beating the “always wear sun screen” drum (not that they are financially incentivised here at all!) that many people now just equate “sun = bad” because grey areas are hard.
> Domain experts and instructional designers working together, in close proximity

I dream of an online community encompassing science researchers, instructional designers and education researchers, software developers, and teachers. So "my students are struggling with" -> "the underlying idea is" -> "maybe represent that as" -> "here's a strawman web interactive" -> "tried it this afternoon, mostly worked, except for" in tight iterative churns.
the article talks about a dozen options.. the one you mention is just one of those
> I'm pretty sure I could fairly easily implement `openapi-fetch` by code generating dumb types and it would avoid all of these bugs, and maybe I should as a reference implementation just for comparison purposes in the future for discussions like this.

FFR: I ended up doing just that: https://github.com/RPGillespie6/typed-fetch
3% comes from traditional FIRE texts which find it to be the withdrawal rate that would survive all historic recessions.
And the fact that general medical advice is often geared towards the common denominator. Folks who are not great an nuance
Especially apropos that the first link in the article is a 404.
> odd hostility between the two extremes

Yeah, I don't know why people care so much about what other people do with their skin but I suppose that's just human nature.

> why people seem so resistant to the idea that some sun is probably beneficial

For me, being outdoors isn't necessarily conducive to an enjoyable time. Very hostile environments like big ass roads, high speed limits, and just the general vibe in the US of questioning why someone could simply be existing without a goal in mind (e.g. Karen's calling the cops)
Yes this is just extreme bike-shedding at this point. But none of this is impossible with more OO principles, like interfaces:

class User {
// Convenience function to check if the user is an adult in their current location
boolean isAdult() {
return this.location.isAdult(this);
}

boolean isOfDrinkingAge() {
return this.location.isOfDrinkingAge(this);
}
}

interface Location {
boolean isAdult(User u);
boolean isOfDrinkingAge(User u);
}

class WeirdLawsLocation implements Location {
boolean isAdult(User u) {
return switch (u.gender()) {
case MALE -> u.age() >= 16;
case FEMALE -> u.age() >= 18;
}
}

boolean isOfDrinkingAge(User u) {
return u.age() >= 21
}
}

In the hypothetical that you want to check somewhere the user is not currently:

class SwedenLocation implements Location {
boolean isAdult(User u) {
return u.age() >= 18;
}

boolean isOfDrinkinAge(User u) {
return u.age() >= 18;
}
}
var sweden = new SwedenLocation();
sweden.isOfDrinkingAge(user);
Same here... it was also pretty similar to the idea the article was about. When I've talked about YIMBY ideas of allowing more housing to be built on here in the past, I also usually get downvoted and get a lot of angry replies.

My take is there are some active YIMBY groups in SF in particular, and for some reason they are strongly and actively disliked by a lot of the local HN crowd- but they generally don't seem to want to say anything about it or explain why. I'm not informed enough to know what is actually going on, as I don't live there, but have been accused of being part of specific groups in specific places that I know nothing about when I've posted.
I recently went 10 years without seeing the sun, and I definitely think it had an anti-aging effect on my skin.

I worry about what aging effects it had inside my body, though, being without for so long.
You seem to be agreeing that our government is not competent enough to handle Boeing from an oversight perspective, let alone actively running the company.

I agree with both of your points, the government should never have allowed the McDonnell Douglas merger (I assume that's what you mean) and I can't possibly agree more that the FAA's "self certification" regime was a hilariously bad concept which was made worse by their implementation.
Specifically this refers to 48 kHz, stereo, 16 bits per sample.
You can control scheduling; that is how many record-replay based time-traveling debuggers do it.

Also, scheduling is independent of deterministic execution unless you are doing inherently non-deterministic things like multithreaded shared memory accesses which you can not simulate faithfully anyways. The only thing that matters in a deterministic execution model is runs of deterministic execution interrupted with non-deterministic events injected at precise points in the execution trace.

When serializing onto a single thread you already need to define some sort of correspondence between "simulated scheduler state" to number of instructions to execute as you are already giving up on the actual scheduler (unless you do not care about correspondence to the actual schedule configuration). You just do that, but you get to execute with all of your cores until you reach the injection point (which is how replay systems can work already). Now you can execute in parallel (multiprocessing only though, no multithreading) and use blocking I/O.
Very clever idea. I wonder if instead of a printed sheet if you could combine it with an e-paper display with an interlaced image and then you could load different image sequences...
I don’t think it’s all that surprising. VRAM is much smaller than all the data the bot was trained on, so some stuff gets dropped or “lossily compressed”. In the case of foundation models, this is likely a bit of everything.

Fine tunes take that and change what gets dropped or compressed. Rather than somewhat evenly forgetting things, it forgets very little of the knowledge they’re targeting (like coding) and in exchange drops much more of “everything else”.

I don’t believe it works this way, but in a sense, it’s like GPT4o is a 400B parameter model but only devotes 20B parameters to coding because the rest are taken up by Wikipedia and knowing French and what not. A 70B coding fine-tune might be able to devote more than 20B parameters to coding, in exchange for only speaking English, having very little encyclopedic knowledge, etc.

It’s kind of like CPUs vs ASICs. CPUs (GPT4o) will perform better on average at random tasks, while ASICs (finetunes) do dramatically better on the task they were built for, even if they have a lower transistor count.
I'll also explain my downvote, it's because of the assertion that LLMs "don't actually understand anything", which to anyone who's actually successfully used LLMs to solve a difficult problem is clearly false, unless you use some contrived definition of the word "understand" that doesn't match how the word is actually used in normal conversation.
Can't have a military training film or newsreel without march cadence intro music. It inherently tells you to "sit still, pay attention, and listen." This means you!

Bagpipes are the same thing. Nowadays, nothing seems official unless it starts or ends with bagpipes.
They are shadowbanned; I couldn't get far enough back in their history to see why, but it was probably for the constant hostility and partisan flamewarring.

Also though, most of the issues they raised (e.g. zoning, permitting, fees, property and sales taxes, demographic sales restrictions [I'm gonna need a cite on that one]) are municipal and state government concerns and not particularly relevant or actionable at the federal level.
Such a great point. As usual, more nuance, and less black-and-white thinking is important here. We need more analogue in this life!

Personally my rule of thumb is:

Be active in the sun.

It’s okay to get some sun but just baking under it for hours isn’t great. Shirt off for a run? Great. Swimming for an hour? Great.

Be active, get some sun
Lets see when you are older. The difference (number of moles, overall skin age) should be visible on most skin types
My TV's YT app is useless and buggy. It doesn't have automatically generated & automatically translated subtitles. The YT app on my mi-box does. So it wouldn't be impossible to have the VTT prescan the audio and "if VTT has the phrase so-and-so then display animation lalala.gif"

(I use the VTT on my Firefox, I use IDM to download the auto-generated English language scripts for lengthy videos).

I remember listening to Chomsky saying that he prefers to read the transcripts than listening/watching speeches.
Automatic memory management seems like an antifeature if you look from a systems language perspective (rust).

And I'd argue the borrow checker reduces the cognitive overhead.
You can host Cardinal inside of Cardinal inside of ..
My 4:

Light that is brighter than is possible inside most homes makes you more alert (almost immediately), and if done during the first 3 hours of wakefulness has benefits that last throughout the day according to Andrew Huberman.

Specific qualities present in sunlight when the sun is very low in the sky (or under the horizon, namely yellow-blue contrasts detected by the intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells) entrain the body's clock, making it easier to get to sleep at a consistent and suitably early time of day.

UVB exposure triggers a skin-brain-gonadal axis through skin p53 activation (nothing to do with vitamin D). I.e., 20 or 30 min every other day of strong sunlight on bare skin and into your eyes increases your levels of the sex hormones.

Certain red and infrared wavelengths help cytochrome c oxidase turn serotonin into melatonin, which is a potent antioxidant right where antioxidant activity is most needed (in the mitochondria).

What's the fifth one?

ADDED. It just occurs to me that with "I know 5" the conversation might have jumped from the object level to a comment on the social and emotional effects of my comment. D'oh!
I am suspicious of that driver effect being caused solely by sun exposure. If that were the case we would see the same effect in all drivers.
That sounds like all bureaucracies.
Thanks for pointing this out, I've seen a lot of flagged dead comments come back and wondered how that happens. It seems the one in question now has as well.
> But I don't understand why people seem so resistant to the idea that some sun is probably beneficial.

There are some people who believe this, but Vitamin D and sun exposure have been a popular topic for a very long time now. It’s getting harder to find people who think that avoiding all sun exposure is a good idea.

The most confusing part appears to be the idea that wearing sunscreen is equivalent to avoiding UV exposure. Sunscreen reduces UV exposure, but does not completely eliminate it. This misconception has produced a lot of people who think “sunscreen bad” because “UV good”. You can get moderate UV exposure while wearing sunscreen.
I meant optimizing for developer time over usability in the context of the story, that mostly shows products from Google. Google being the opposite of a small development team that could be forced to choose developer time over usability.
Simpsons did this one in the Planet of the Apes episode. Here's a musical rendition by Dankmus.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMRcIOjdojU
it's common with all these analytics toolkits. When you're monkeying with such a core api, I have no idea how you can actually test everything.

eg heap analytics still (as of this month) bad touches something inside hotwire and randomly entirely breaks hotwire causing every click to do a full page load. ime, it affects 30-60% of page loads. You can fix it (but thanks for 50+ hours of debugging) but making heap load after all hotwire js.
https://myswamp.substack.com/p/ymxb-is-hard-for-llms

I recently made this blog post showing how y=mx+b is very error prone in GPT4o, and pretty accurate (to a point) in Claude 3.5.

I haven't gone down the rabbit hole yet, but I was wondering if fine tuning could fix math errors in LLMs. My initial hunch and understanding is it will not. I'll have to give your links a read/watch.