> Double charges from taxi drivers is not possible as it's tapping or dipping your card and you are there for that (we are assuming some system that prevents someone stealing your card like biometrics or whatnot)

You'd be surprised - at least in the public transit context with iOS Express Mode, double Apple Pay taps by transit systems have absolutely been recorded plenty of times. I admit I haven't heard about this in the taxi situation, but unless the technical problem is specific to Express Mode and not general to tap-to-pay, I don't know why it wouldn't ever happen.

> products not as delivered is responsibility for the seller to refund/replace and in other cases you go through a process of mediation.

This assumes the seller is willing to do their job or go through the process of mediation, and/or that the buyer has sufficient legal insurance or available cash to cover the up-front cost of lawyers plus any related expenses plus the possible attorney's fees of the other side if the court decides against them.

Even in the EU, this is far from always true, especially for low-price purchases or when dealing with foreign online merchants who are more likely to ignore EU lawsuits or mediation attempts than to cooperate.

Of course, trying to resolve things with the seller is always the right first step, and that's the usual approach even in the US. It's just great to be able to have the leverage of the chargeback option as extra incentive for the merchant to be reasonable. (By the way - the chargeback right is not unconditional even when the reason claimed is one of the allowed reasons. The merchant can dispute it and can sometimes win depending on the circumstances, the evidence, and the bank.)

> It sounds like Americans willy-nilly chargeback whatever because they can (fries were not hot or cold enough)

To be honest, no, the idea that chargebacks are something Americans rush to do is a stereotype and not true. They're pretty rare when neither the buyer nor the seller is doing something shady, but having the option to charge back is pretty important in order to make US single-factor (no-pin / no app-based verification / no meaningful signature verification) credit cards secure enough for customers to rely on, especially for online purchases from random small merchants who can't be relied upon.

And "fries were not hot or cold enough" would pretty much never be a valid reason for a chargeback, since usually a specific temperature isn't promised before purchase.

> seems not very good for the fees

It definitely affects the fees, but honestly, a bigger impact is that the US does not cap what fees credit card issuers can charge the merchants, so the fees are much higher than the typical EU consumer card regardless of chargebacks. Some of that is of course kept by the banks as profit, but much of it is returned to customers as reward points, cash back, or other perks. It's among the reasons why I continue to use my US credit card as my primary form of payment even here in Germany. Zero foreign transaction or currency conversion fees, great perks. (This card does require a decent US credit history and has an annual transaction fee, but I get enough value out of it to outweigh that fee.)

How many chargebacks have I done in my entire life for a reason other than actual fraudulent / unauthorized transactions? Probably under 5, maybe 1-2 at most. Plus most of the fraudulent transactions were noticed proactively by the bank rather than me having to bring it up to them. Because it's a true credit card and not a debit card, I never had to pay for those fraudulent transactions.