skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The operation (filtering an ideal, mathematically perfect image) can be described in two equivalent ways:

- You take a square a single pixel spacing wide by its center and attach it to a sampling point (“center of a pixel”). The value of that pixel is then your mathematically perfect image (of a polygon) integrated over that square (and normalized). This is perhaps the more intuitive definition.

- You take a box kernel (the indicator function of that square, centered, normalized), take the convolution[1] of it with the original perfect image, then sample the result at the final points (“pixel centers”). This is the standard definition, which yields exactly the same result as long as your kernel is symmetric (which the box kernel is).

The connection with the pixel-image filtering case is that you take the perfect image to be composed of delta functions at the original pixel centers and multiplied by the original pixel values. That is, in the first definition above, “integrate” means to sum the original pixel values multiplied by the filter’s value at the original pixel centers (for a box filter, zero if outside the box—i.e. throw away the addend—and a normalization constant if inside it). Alternatively, in the second definition above, “take the convolution” means to attach a copy of the filter (still sized according to the new pixel spacing) multiplied by the original pixel value to the original pixel center and sum up any overlaps. Try proving both of these give the answer you’re already accustomed to.

This is the most honest signal-processing answer, and it might be a bit challenging to work through but my hope is that it’ll be ultimately doable. I’m sure there’ll be neighboring answers in more elementary terms, but this is ultimately a (two-dimensional) signal processing task and there’s value in knowing exactly what those signal processing people are talking about.

[1] (f∗g)(x) = (g∗f)(x) = ∫f(y)g(x-y)dy is the definition you’re most likely to encounter. Equivalently, (f∗g)(x) is f(y)g(z) integrated over the line (plane, etc.) x=y+z, which sounds a bit more vague but exposes the underlying symmetry more directly. Convolving an image with a box filter gives you, at each point, the average of the original over the box centered around that point.
"click here to redeem you free article!"
Why iPhone? Why not another Android—not Google's one? For me, it looks like you wanted to switch to iOS and looked for an excuse to blame something else for your decision. You blamed Google, not Android. In this case the rational decision is to switch to another Android brand—not switch to iOS. So, you seem a bit dishonest here. Maybe even dishonest with your own self.
Maybe I haven't used Rust enough (still at the very beginning of the learning process) but the post fits my experiences.

When first starting a project with a REST interface (using axum and axum-login for auth) everything worked until like 1-2 month later when the login crate changed the interface completely. It wasn't much work to adapt but it feels like many crates are still in pretty active development and the recommendations on whats the current way to go change often.

Also regarding the syntax, it is often very verbose and if you start using async it gets even worse.
I know it's still in development and as far as I know the async part is still far away from a full blown stable implementation but that doesn't make it more usable.
The syntax isn't meant to be precise/easy to read but to encapsulate everything which otherwise might be a trap and fall on your feet later so I think a lot of the verbosity comes from the borrow checker.

Regarding the UUIDs, its a nice anecdote, it feels like it might point to something. On the other hand UUIDs do change (or at least get new features or versions) and the interfaces can be enhanced if the way the library is used changes. So I see why they would need many releases/commits but (without checking the GO library) I would expect it to be a fully functional UUID library with a good interface also.
Hard disagree. Group theory, for example, is not just another language, but is absolutely necessary for proving Abel's theorem. So the question was:

Group theory -> Abel's theorem

Category theory -> ???

(below I got the answer 'Weil conjectures')
I know that's what a lot of people say, but meh, I was hoping for something more exotic, and there's already lots of ways to web. An implementation of the ambient calculus on top of libcluster would be more killerer :) And re: tuple-spacing, elixir's built-in support for pattern-matching fits really well with that.

Such a thing might handle web as a special case, and could maybe evolve towards secure by design / provably-secure in ways that could be new/interesting. Or it might be a more expressive kind of FaaS, or be wildly popular with the "kubernetes is too complex/expensive!" crowd, especially if it can somehow integrate components written in other languages.

Just dreaming though, I only wish this kind of stuff was my day job. And even if I had really concrete ideas, something more solid than a proof of concept for such things probably needs a small army of devs. Phoenix does have the major benefit of actually existing, which is nice!
Rust doesn’t have a very expressive type system. Rust type system would have been at home twenty years ago. Ocaml already had a better type system when I used it professionally in the 2010s and they have added a lot since and you could already type infer everything.

I’m sorry but implying that having typing becoming a bit more popular is a significant step towards formal proof is akin to saying we are getting closer to using efficient heating because we have switched from burning peat to coal.
That isn't what they say though. Their statement reads as “we don't actually fully know how the licence we have chosen works”.

The answer to “can I do X with your product?” shouldn't, in a reasonable world, constitute expensive legal advice. It feels rather shifty to me.
Spot on. This “teacher” is doing a piss-poor job of challenging “conventional wisdom” that saves lives. What are students learning from him cavalierly running a hairdryer underwater and marching into electrified water?

Yes, electricians often have plenty of experience with getting shocked. But all it takes is one dumb mistake and you quickly die a horrible death, with muscles locked up unable to self-rescue in a location where immediate bystanders will risk their own lives to rescue.

What kind of dumbass proudly tells about wading into electrified flooding in front of colleagues when there wasn’t even any urgent reason to do so? What would it have cost to simply wait and cut the power first, calling the power company if necessary if a breaker box could not be safely reached for some reason (unlikely)?

And many/most circuits outside code-compliant kitchens and baths aren’t GFCI, and GFCI doesn’t protect against all electrocutions (you can be electrocuted in a short without a ground fault). Now consider electrical fires from getting sloppy with damaged wiring and electrical devices, which are a leading cause of deaths from fire.
About “Log In to Post”, you are right i should write something like "Create an anonymous account to Post"

And the second point can maybe become a problem if the platform blooms, until then I want some initial users to give me some feedback on what personal data should I ask the poster before the platform lets him post.
God, I wish. Most of us will never see a penny of inheritance with the elderly being bled dry by senior care either. Most of us didn't have the capital for investments they're talking about.
sure - I'll jump in next week (after we've wrapped up Launch Week). What is your discord?
Do you have some recommendations or references about getting data properly out of Excel. I usually avoid using Excel alltogether if possible. But, obviously that is not always an option.
Sadly the paper uses for benchmarks datasets that:
- are known to be pretty useless
- contain mistakes
- can be misleading with a naive F1-score measure. (to be fair they write "we looked at the F1-Score, under which both partial and full anomaly detection are considered correct identification" so this may be mitigated, but it's not clear)

See https://kdd-milets.github.io/milets2021/slides/Irrational%20...
So it's hard to take any benchmark from the paper seriously.
The paper is also ignoring any recent work (like > 2018) on univariate timeseries anomaly detection in the matrix profile space (eg MADRID).

The "practicality of usage" and conclusion sections are pretty correct though: it's expensive, slow, and no-shot is worthless if some other methods can train and infer in orders of magnitude less time.

It would have been interesting to see how the DETECTOR method performs when the LLM forecasting is replaced with some standard forecasting. (eg some auto ETS, if possible robust to anomalies in the training data). It looks like the natural follow up of this article is to remove the LLM altogether.
I once had to build a complex NN based system for this exact task. We also pitted this system against a consultant building a basic xgboost classifier working with a series of sliding windows over sensor data. Xgboost won. It was also faster to run and faster to train.

I'd still love to see how a VLM did with sensor data as it's often quite obvious to spot anomalies visually for humans. Especially if you're allowed to do comparison overlays.
They're pulled from our CDN by default. Only if you use experimental flakes is GitHub in the loop. And even if GitHub isn't down you can't pull nixpkgs more than twice per hour without running into rate limits and get your IP banned. Don't rely on GitHub for critical infrastructure.

https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/6975
I'm dubious. Investing in development and design is one of the more expensive ways for a company to increase returns. Plus, Amazon are in such a dominant e-commerce market position [0] that they don't need to worry about UX beyond the ability to click "buy". Despite the poor design, their share is forecast to continue growing past 40% this year [1].

[0] https://www.statista.com/statistics/274255/market-share-of-t... (I'm not sure why ebay isn't in this chart?)

[1] https://www.emarketer.com/content/amazon-will-surpass-40-of-...
From TFA:

"It took 24 years, but in 2023, MacOS Darwin closed the doors on its BSD-licensed origins."

I have no idea what the author is talking about here - source for the open components of macOS is available at https://opensource.apple.com/releases/ (latest release is 14.5) and the last update to the XNU kernel github mirror (https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/xnu) happened about 5 months ago.
The OP post says that emails in this breach are paired with random names and SSNs, so it's not a good indicator.
Interesting Idea, "Idea to generate and validate ideas" :-P
If connecting over the network doesn't constitute linking in a way that imposes AGPL obligations, then Google's position, or the reason they state for it, (https://opensource.google/documentation/reference/using/agpl...) is simply wrong. No offence, but I'm going to believe their expensive legal team not being able to find a way around this means that your interpretation is not correct.
Show HN: COBOL-REKT, a toolkit for analysing and reverse-engineering COBOL
This is an evolving toolkit of capabilities helpful for analysing and reverse engineering legacy Cobol code. Currently, the following capabilities are available:

- Program / Section-level flowchart generation based on AST (SVG or PNG)
- Parse Tree generation (with export to JSON)
- Control Flow Tree generation (with export to JSON)
- Allows embedding code comments as comment nodes in the graph
- The SMOJOL Interpreter (WIP)
- Injecting AST and Control Flow into Neo4J
- Injecting Cobol data layouts from Data Division into Neo4J (with dependencies like MOVE, COMPUTE, etc.) + export to JSON
- Injecting execution traces from the SMOJOL interpreter into Neo4J
- Integration with OpenAI GPT to summarise nodes using bottom-up node traversal (AST nodes or Data Structure nodes)
- Exposes a unified model (AST, CFG, Data Structures with appropriate interconnections) which can be analysed through [JGraphT](https://jgrapht.org/), together with export to GraphML format and JSON.
- Support for namespaces to allow unique addressing of (possibly same) graphs
- ALPHA: Support for building Glossary of Variables from data structures using LLMs
- ALPHA: Support for extracting Capability Graph from paragraphs of a program using LLMs
- ALPHA: Injecting inter-program dependencies into Neo4J (with export to JSON)
- ALPHA: Paragraph similarity map

Contributions / use cases are welcome!
Yes it can guess body weight and age!
I didn't write the article, I just found it recently and thought it was interesting.
Television? No Good Will Come of This Device. Word Is Half Greek and Half Latin (2020)
> This story wouldn't have happened without AI.

I don't think that's the optimistic take you present it to be. To me the post reads as the story of someone for whom art is the least important part in an art contest and treats the artistic part as an afterthought ("I just wanted to adhere to recording content that prioritized the weighted breakdown").

I'm not going to pretend that the contest attracted the top artistic minds of this generation, but anyone who actually put care into the art part has lost to someone who made an art pipeline. Extrapolate to the art world and suddenly there's less real art because the money out there to fund it is going to AI programmers checking a spreadsheet.
> the Tesla system at peak capacity of 4 passengers will move 2 people per second.

Your analysis is incomplete. A moving sidewalk on the airport can move far more than 2 people per second, and needs no driver. Where is the call to revive that form of travel descried in Heinlein's "The Roads Must Roll" and Asimov's "The Caves of Steel"?

You are missing speed, and acceleration, and load time.

> So it's equivalent with a subway train at crush capacity running every 1000 seconds or 16 minutes.

Well-frequented London lines run with something like 2-3 minute intervals, not 16 minute intervals. And you can easily carry luggage with you, push a stroller, or roll your wheelchair on in.

> and smelling someone else's armpit

Yes, it appeals to rich people who want to use their money to avoid even minor irritations, and don't want to pay taxes to support mass transit that helps everyone. (From the link, "some press and discussion around the Loop figures it as more of a luxury option: something that casinos can comp for high rollers, that will spare people dealing with the general disaster of getting around the strip".)

But that means having an alternative for us poor stinking masses. The Loop is not that solution.

By the time the subway system gets to the crowd level you describe, a Loop-type system would be well over capacity. You'll be stuck in a line waiting for the next Tesla to arrive, surrounded by stinky people.

> was achieved with Tesla cars. If they manage to introduce 8-12 seaters

Why are they using Teslas? As the article notes, "due to their larger seating capacity and faster boarding/deboarding, the Loop would likely achieve a higher capacity if they just shifted operations entirely to the Club Cars".

With "four rows of seats", it's likely something like https://www.clubcar.com/en-us/commercial/transport/villager-... which says "A long time classic on resorts, the Villager 8 moves up to eight passengers in a single trip and can replace expensive vans. Yet it also travels narrow areas not accessible to conventional vehicles."

It seems they could easily increase capacity now by simply changing vehicle type.

Also, since the capacity numbers were achieved with Tesla cars, that means it excluded the GEM carts which the article says is uses for people with wheelchairs. That suggests the "nearly 5000" number does not include people with mobility issues, which would need to be supported under ADA requirements.

At peak capacity, even a small disturbance can greatly reduce flow.

> It seems very irrational not to let them demonstrate what they claim

The page says their claim is that the fully expanded system will target only 90k passengers per day. It seems very irrational to not draw conclusions from that.
Ask HN: How do you Ingest MongoDB data while managing schema and flattening?
Can you please suggest best practices and how to make it more scalable?
Facing issues with constant change in mongo schema.
I like email forwarding services, like ddg, mozilla’s relay, iCloud’s hide my email and simple login. Unique password and email address for every website, plus, like you said if your unique email shows up somewhere it’s a smoking gun.
Answer: No.

You have to be very stingy with your definition of history and writing to ignore the fossil record as a recording of historical events. We'll revisit the question in several hundred million years and see how oral traditions are doing.
> If we were going to do something, we’d make government ID include an NFC token for PKI purposes

Another alternative would be to go the other way: Pass a law prohibiting the use of social security numbers for any purpose other than social security. Don't provide any globally unique identifier for companies to use.

Instead each institution would issue their own identifier which would have no value outside of that institution. If they get breached or you lose your ID, they mail a new one to the address they have on file or some similar recovery method and you don't have to worry about someone using your ID somewhere else because the breached one gets disabled and you get a replacement.

The obvious advantage here is that companies can't use it to correlate your activity across institutions without your knowledge or consent.
We use paper ballots in my jurisdiction (NY) and they’re counted electronically with a scanner. This gives a real time tally, but preserves a paper trail that can be audited.
> there is always something lost in translation.

SPARK is more than 20 years old at that point and allows you to easily use formally proven code next to other ADA code. Sorry but implying that the issue is things “lost in translation” is a complete cope out.

I’m very sour about the disdain for formal proof in the field. I understand the wish to iterate fast for user-facing elements but the fact that we use the same development techniques for the backbone of our infrastructure is nothing short of insane from my point of view.

There is a self defeating attitude with regard to formal tool which is that they are too costly and too complicated to use outside of things for which they are mandatory. It means people are not trained in how to use them so it’s hard and costly to find someone who will prove your code and this vicious cycle somehow feeds itself.
This feels good, thank you for hacking it together!
This is a solved problem, in the third world, in the 80's.

Then the knowledge was lost to man somehow.

I really pitty you if you belive this.
That doesn’t make it useless. It still severely limits the rate of brute force versus having no limit.
I have 80% of my liquidity in QQQ and why it beats the best managers
i guess his ratio of owned vs finished games is even worse then mine ;-)
Have you shipped a multiplayer game yourself?
Women will hate finding out that it can guess their age and weight! It can even guess their socioeconomic group, and if they dye their hair.
Yes, the following is so easy in OCaml, it would be a major undertaking in Python:

type committer =
InnerCircle of string
| NPC of string
| Dissenter of string
;;

type coc_reaction =
DoNothing
| ThreeMonthsWithoutHumiliation
| PublicDefamation
;;

let adjudicate = function
InnerCircle _ -> DoNothing
| NPC _ -> ThreeMonthsWithoutHumiliation
| Dissenter _ -> PublicDefamation
;;

# adjudicate (InnerCircle "Wouters");;
- : coc_reaction = DoNothing
# adjudicate (Dissenter "Peters");;
- : coc_reaction = PublicDefamation

Just use another language, also for social and professional reasons.
The only thing that will stop AI is AI proving less profitable than the alternative.

I see stories that the market is already starting to doubt the hype. Integrating AI into existing workflows or replacing those workflows is often more complex and error-prone than simply having human beings do the thing, and the cost benefit analysis isn't there because the technology just doesn't live up to expectations. So there may be hope.
Really appreciate you for going into so much detail
> I don't agree. They are technically apt, not very accomplished.

I would say they are approximately on the level of Captain Disillusion, which would easily count as very accomplished.
> surpisingly only two sources end up receiving spam

Quite a few of mine get junk:

* A couple that have been subject to leeks or hacks, that I haven't got around to changing yet (linked-in for example)

* A fair few were given to businesses that are no longer in operation (hosting providers, online stores) who presumably sold their contacts databases to make a few pennies before finally closing up

* Also some junk senders seem to have worked out that the sub-domain I use for the per-entity addresses is a catch-all, I need to address that at some point.
I still don't get why people are calling these "religious fears". The parable from the book is because the problem is very old, but the problem is exactly the same as it ever was: If a central authority gives everyone a serial number then it will be used to track them by powerful institutions, which is a tool of oppression. This is the massive mistake we made with social security numbers, and their inherent insecurity is actually mitigating the damage there because it makes people much more hesitant to divulge it.

You do not want to make it easier for every carnivorous for-profit corporation and wannabe apparatchik to pressure every citizen to cough up an identifier that can be used to track their every move.
Kim Dotcom to be extradited from New Zealand to US
If you don't know how to build a house, then build a house. Now you know how to build a house. The same goes for software.
I could not figure out what this article has to do with consciousness.
Frankly, the thought of weapons with a modern 2020s software stack would be a terrifying prospect for humanity.
My answer to this question would be the distribution, experience and trust Microsoft has mastered over the years with enterprise.
In Enterprise sale, one of the biggest blocker I have seen till now is the "FOMU - Fear of Messing Up". So if a more trusted partner comes and gives a solution which is even lets say 20% less performant but I get the benefits of trust and most of the times easy procurement I would go with that partner.
Awesome tool, thx for the recommendation. Also no npm and fancy build steps involved, just throwing it in the corner of a webserver :) Love it!
Just weird.

It really does smell like cow dung and tastes like it too. Are my taste buds somehow misaligned?
Pretty sure this is just a coincidence.. I mean pi literally appears everywhere if you look hard enough lol
So basically Admin work
Yay! I'm currently working on this (slowly, among many other things). Come visit #syndicate on libera.chat, if you would like to chat about this stuff!
In many countries volunteers exist.
Great post! I was worried for a long time about this thing as I'm also working in DeFi field. It's great that governments are taking the quantum computer threat seriously
Simple math tells you just need 10ish times the people counting.

> The last several elections were typically decided within 12-24 hrs of the polls closing on the east coast. Where are you getting your "days" from?

Arizona was still counting 3 or 4 days later. Also 24 hours is a day.
The Early Days of OpenStreetMap
Failures of Gradient-Based Deep Learning (2017) [pdf]
Monitoring the Heart Rate in the Terminal
I watch it multiple times a year :)