skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Dissimilar redundancy only provides safety if you are willing to use it by disabling the option that proves unsafe. The decision to put a crew on Starliner shows that NASA has completely missed the point of contracting multiple providers for ISS access.

Columbia killed people because NASA saw the flaking foam but kept flying the shuttle because they didn't have another option for space access. Afterwards, Commercial Crew was written up with multiple providers to keep this from happening again.

Imagine an alternative timeline where NASA learned that relying on one launcher was dangerous 20 years earlier from Challenger. In that world, apparently NASA would see the foam issues and still sent up a crew on Columbia's last flight to preserve 'dissimilar redundancy.' Nevermind that this was a policy instituted _specifically_ to make it politically easy to ground unsafe vehicles. Utter insanity.
You can strive for perfection and still have a grounded outlook on tradeoffs. Those people would in fact be very good for engineering security-critical aspects IMHO. I don't think "striving for perfection" in itself implies the inability to accept a calculated risk, or some type of paralyzation.

I'd look at this the other way around, there are people who don't strive for perfection, simply delivering something when it just meets expected bars, not giving any thought beyond that. I wouldn't want those people to design my safety systems, they'd just leave possible improvements lying on the ground by not caring to think a little beyond the boundary of their "box".
its been a while since I read some of this book and enjoying it, and I remember it refering to 3bit computing in the soviet era but it might be right up your street https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262534666/how-not-to-network-a-...
Wikipedia has a nice article on this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-integer_base_of_numeration

Edit: layer8 below has a much better link
That's why there is a division of powers but I am not gonna try to explain that to a person who tries to haggle about the meaning of words while calling a freshly elected democratic government a regime. That would just be silly. lmao
Flatpak and PipeWire.

It actually is available as a Flatpak, and it wasn't until these two things converged that I stopped having to put effort into getting it to work under Linux. (This is actually another reason it took me so long to pick this back up.)
Yeah, that quote is just objectively false, and exemplifies Dr. King's words about white moderates in Letter from a Birmingham Jail:

“…that the Negro’s great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen’s Councilor or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to ‘order’ than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice; who constantly says: ‘I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action’; who paternalistically believes he can set the timetable for another man’s freedom; who lives by a mythical concept of time and who constantly advises the Negro to wait for a ‘more convenient season.’ ”

That does not make all civil disobedience well considered or justified. But it's important to recall that we delay and delay and delay justice, and then waggle our fingers when people realize that if justice were really to be given by talking politely it would have already happened.
The wavefunction collapses on the first attempt to plug in: it's always the wrong way.
Thanks for the link.

Bizarrely, the post on Marginal Revolution links to a post from 5 days ago, and it's easy to confirm that Jake was still alive when that post was published. (And, apparently, for almost a week afterwards.) The gofundme appears to be the only source that states he's died, and the MR report doesn't even mention it. (Other than to include a link to it in a quote from someone else.)
[dupe] More discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41184359
"In addition to its numerical efficiency, base 3 offers computational advantages. It suggests a way to reduce the number of queries needed to answer questions with more than two possible answers. A binary logic system can only answer “yes” or “no.”"

Yes... but nobody uses binary systems. We use 64 bit systems (and a number of other systems, but all larger than one bit), which has abundantly more than enough space to represent "greater than/less than/equal".

The main software issue with ternary computing is that with this, the entire advantage goes up in smoke. It is quite hard to articulate an actual advantage a multi-bit system would see since we do not use 1-bit or 1-trit systems in real life. (If you've got some particular small hardware thingy that could use it, by all means go for it; it's no problem to use it in just one little place and have a conventional binary interface.)

Taylodl's hardware issue with ternary circuits sounds like a reasonable one as well. If you've already minimized the voltage difference for your binary circuits to as small as it can reasonably be, the addition of ternary hardware necessarily entails doubling it the maximum voltage in the system.

Is this Quanta Magazine's "Brash And Stupid Claims About Computing Week" or something? https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41155021 The last paragraph is outright crockery, that "trit-based security system" is well known to be from a crackpot who appears to simply not comprehend that our binary systems do not in fact explode the moment they have to represent a "3", despite repeated attempts for people to explain it to the guy.

Programmers and hardware designers are not in fact just total idiots stuck in the mud about digital (vs analog) and binary (vs ternary) representations. They are the way they are for good and solid engineering reasons that aren't going anywhere, and there is basically no space here for someone to displace these things. It isn't just path dependence, these really are the best choices based on current systems.
I think we're witnessing the enshittification of space.
online-bookmarks, by Stefan Frech.

http://www.frech.ch/online-bookmarks/, although I haven't been there for years and it is timing out for me now, so I'm not sure if it's still alive.
Disruption without clear, specific and realistic goals is a distraction.

I think the point is that many modern protests are pure disruption without any redeeming characteristics.
Indeed that's how nearly all NAND flash works nowadays, early SLC media was binary with each cell set to a low or high voltage, but as density increased they started using more voltages inbetween to encode multiple bits per cell. The current densest NAND uses 16 different positive voltage states to encode 4 bits per cell.
You should probably mention in the introduction what the state monad is to those who don't use F#. At first blush it just seems redundant—what is a monad if not a representation of state?
Could you elaborate your points?
I'm particularly interested in "Matrix isn't really decentralized" and on which XMPP client you're using on Linux.

Thanks!
Yes, Ozempic removes the fat (and obesity related health problems) but doesn't remove the need for exercise. Exercise has a whole host of positive effects beyond weight management.

I believe Ozempic will probably lead to a lot of thin, but sarcopenic people.
Great looking API. Are you able to, or do you have plans, for there to be automatic speaker identification based on labeled samples of their voices? It would be great to basically have a library of known speakers that are auto matched when transcribing
> As luck had it that August day, a supervisor returned from her lunch break, noticed the dangerous configuration, and ordered a technician to move the rods apart.
> But in so doing, she violated safety rules calling for a swift evacuation of all personnel in "criticality" events, because bodies — and even hands — can reflect and slow the neutrons emitted by plutonium, increasing the likelihood of a nuclear chain reaction.
> A more senior lab official instead improperly decided that others in the room should keep working, according to a witness and an Energy Department report describing the incident.

This part is confusingly worded.

Once the dangerous configuration was noticed what was the right thing to do?
IIRC the GLP-1 drugs have a black box warning for thyroid cancer, as well as some other potential side effects.

Still, I think NNT < NNH all things considered.
The benefits of ternary computing are best with demonstrated. A simple example:

A waiter walks up to a table of two and asks “is everybody ready to order?”. One of them responds, “I’m not sure”. Then the other says, “Now we are”.

(Edit: I didn’t really ask a question, so it may not seem like a riddle. To some people, when they imagine it, this scene makes perfect sense, so it’s not much of a riddle to them. To others, it’s sort of bizarre, and so the “question” - how is this possible, or what happened - is obvious. Then you can consider the answer. In any case, this is a very simple demonstration of ternary logic, and much more complicated riddles exist that all more or less build off of the same mechanism.)
Interesting! I often use public-domain etchings or wood carvings in my presentation and find them by searching

"angry man site:gutenberg.org"

or

"angry man site:oldbookillustrations.com"

in Brave Search.

It works pretty reliably, but I've been meaning to make a semantic search, because I often have to mess around with the keywords to get results for some more abstract ideas.

Feedback for this site:

- FYI when a search result returns few results, the images repeat in the infini-scroll. This makes it marginally more difficult to evaluate each image, especially not knowing the exact number of hits w/o counting the number of images that haven't repeated.

- I may be wrong but it feels like there are a lot fewer images here than there can be.

- As other have pointed out, while attribution isn't leagally required for PD images, it's extremely important for many potential users as it allows them to validate the license claim you are making.
late to the thread but just ordered The Making of the Atomic Bomb, thanks for the tip!
It's illogical to calculate the thing you are looking for, but lets run with it just for the sake of it.

Let's go with your "one scam a day". The person then has to see it, choose to read it and then act on it (delete/ignore/get scammed). Not even considering the practical effects of receiving 4 before lunch, and none getting past spam filters the rest of the week.

Then you come up with 30 minutes for each individual scam? If it evens goes trough the above mentioned phases, nobody is non-profitable for a full 30 minutes, for every scam attempt, every single day of the year.

Using your 15 cents per minute, we could stick with just a minute of lost value. That translates into 340 000 000 * $0.15 * 365 days = 18 billion.

Still a totaly useless number because it's impossible to measure, but at least much further from 'ridiculous' than 10% of the GDP you came up with.
You're Not Indecisive, You're Unbiased
I think this sentence from the Space Race Wikipedia is funny:

> The conclusion of Apollo 11 is regarded by many Americans as ending the Space Race with an American victory.
I really liked this bit

> The bottom line is that businesses are the guinea pigs testing an experimental drug called "artificial intelligence," and we're not at a point where we know how to make it safe yet.

Like, machine learning models are not secure enough. Nowhere near enough. I wonder if they ever can be because they’re probabilistic.

Yet everyone is throwing everything into LLMs and hoping for the best.

There’s some good practice recommendations out there, but the fact that Microsoft didn’t even set up safe defaults for their enterprise services is just… not good.
> Tonal languages allows individuals to express way more than Latin based languages.

Do you have any evidence of this? I've never heard this claim before.
1) There are very serious long term side effects, people are just either unaware or value weight loss enough to tolerate/accept the risks and harms.

2) Your "aside" there is the whole thing though. Obesity drives a lot of costs sure, but Obamacare legislation enshrined health insurance companies and pharmacy benefit managers as essentially government-backed money printing machines, so it's going to take tremendous effort to change any legislation, because they can and will spend literally billions of dollars to keep their monopolistic position.
The tecmo super bowl NES rom is not that hard to hack from a roster standpoint. Pretty basic with rudimentary knowledge of hex and a hex editor.

Hm, I wonder if they have increased the number of teams on modern roster hacks, I should check on that.
Industrial made problems need pharmaceutical made solutions.

Second week on Mounjaro and it's crazy how all my overeating triggers, hunger pangs and sugar cravings are just gone.
The concept of radix economy assumes that hardware complexity for each logic element is proportional to the number of logic levels. In practice this isn't true, and base 2 is best.

>Ternary circuits: why R=3 is not the Optimal Radix for Computation

https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.06841

Previous HN discussion:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38979356
When you look at outcomes like this and start asking why or how this happens, you can often reach one of these conclusions:

1. Everything is fine. This is working as intended. The system (competition in this case) will "solve" this problem, if there is even a systemic problem; or

2. Therea are a few bad apples but the system is fine; or

3. The system is fundamentally flawed.

When it comes to capitalism, most people fall under (1) or (2). "The markets will solve it" is (1). "We need more or strong regulation" is (2). Even "we need less regulation" is also (2).

We can talk about how the finance people took over Boeing from the engineers and that's where these problems began. I agree with that. However, my view is that putting Boeing back in the hands of engineers won't solve this problem because it's a systemic issue. Financialization, profit-seeking and the lack of accountability at every level of Boeing is (IMHO* inevitable.

Boeing is really two companies right now.

The first is the part that makes commercial airplanes. It's a company that's really still coasting off the success and the ingrained culture from the hugely successful (but now reitred) 747. There are problems already evident however. We've seen it with the 737MAX and even the delays and cost overruns from the 787.

The second face of Boeing is the government and military contractor, which is where Starliner falls. It's the same basket as Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman. These companies sole purpose in existence is to extract wealth from the government and give it to shareholders. It is transferring all of the profits with none of the risk.

The last century really saw this idea take off of "small government" and outsourcing and "public-private partnerships". All of it is simply wealth extraction.

I would honestly be shocked at this point if Boeing was able to turn things around. The problems permeate every pore of the company and we live in a system where that outcome is arguably inevitable.
If the article were trying to make a point about politicians instead of protestors that might be relevant.

FWIW though, politicians have only really gotten appreciably stupider in the US. They’re not great here in Canada but they never have been. Even as far-right politics have gained renewed prominence in Europe (notoriously not new), they’re not being carried by MTG-esque bozos.

This suggests that an analysis that blames a global phenomenon like social media is flawed.
Given that the book opens by defining a recursive datatype, it would be an exercise in frustration to port this to Rust...
Didn't Samuel L. Jackson hold board members hostage at his school, and among the members was MLK Sr.? And he wasn't even part of a radical movement like Fred Hampton and the Black Panthers.
> … but would not bet real money that the colors I'm displaying are close to real life…

You can get there if you have an accurate color profile for your camera and an accurate color profile for your monitor.

> So for this article, I don't see mathematical proof that the negatives have been inverted accurately, regardless of method, even though I'm sure the results are great. I suspect it comes down to subjective impression.

People who work with negatives generally just don’t give a shit about “accurate”. If you care about accurate colors, then maybe you would be shooting color positive film instead, or digital. It is generally accepted that a part of the process of shooting negatives is to make subjective decisions about color, after you develop the film.

That’s not to say that you can’t get accurate colors using negatives. It’s a physical process that records color, and you can make color profiles for negatives.

> For scanning color negatives, the brand of film would be mapped to a colorspace, the light source would have its own colorspace, the two would get multiplied together somehow, and the result would be stored in linear RGB. Inversion would be linear. Then the output linear RGB would get mapped to the display's sRGB or whatever.

What you would do is store a color profile in the image.

You can use linear RGB for storing images, but it’s wasteful. Linear RGB makes poor use of the encoding range.

If you care about correct colors, you can just embed a color profile in the image. It’s easy, and it’s supported by image editors. You just have to go through the tedious process of creating a color profile in the first place, which normally requires colorimetry equipment.

There’s no reason inversion must be linear. The response curve of negative film is, well, a curve. It is not a line. When you shoot negative film and print to paper, the paper has a response curve, too.

The light source does not have a color space. It is just a single color—that’s not really a “space” of colors. It has a spectrum, and the spectrum of light from the light source, combined with the spectral response curve of the dyes in the film, combined with the spectral response curve of your sensor, produces some kind of result which you can combine into a single color profile for the entire process. And you can combine that with the spectral response of the film layers. You can just create a color profile for the entire process—shoot a bunch of test targets under controlled lighting conditions, develop, scan, and then measure the RGB values you get for those test targets. You use test targets with known colors that you buy from the store.
>> Many modern CPUs use different voltage levels for certain components, and everything works fine.

But none of them use more than 2 states. If you've got a circuit at 0.9V or one at 2.5V they both have a single threshold (determined by device physics) that determines the binary 1 or 0 state and voltages tend toward 0 or that upper supply voltage. There is no analog or level-based behavior. A transistor is either on or off - anything in the middle has resistance and leads to extra power dissipation.
Fractyl Healthcare is working on a gene therapy targeting this pathway. Chronic maintenance is a temporary hack imho. Long term fix is patching the genetic bug around a miswired reward center.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38495653
It also doesn't remove the need for a healthy diet. For a bit, I had a personal trainer. He would always tell me stories about guys he trained that were super fit and seemed like they were in great health, but they ate like shit and ended up having heart attacks and all that in their 40's anyways.
The main problem is that if you are minimizing the voltage to the minimum that can be safely distinguished for binary, you must, by necessity, be introducing twice that voltage to introduce another level. You can't just cut your already-minimized voltage in half to introduce another level; you already minimized the voltage for binary.

50 years ago this may not have been such a problem, but now that we care a lot, lot more about the power consumption of our computing, and a lot of that power consumption is based on voltage (and IIRC often super-linearly), so a tech that requires us to introduce additional voltage levels pervasively to our chips is basically disqualified from the very start. You're not sticking one of these in your server farm, phone, or laptop anytime soon.
It's pretty awkward to talk about making people form a lifelong addiction to one drug (semaglutide) to counteract the effects of making people form a lifelong addiction to a poison (sugar).

If we spent half the money involved in this scam in removing added sugar from the grocery store shelves we'd beat that epidemic (don't believe me? Look at pictures of people living before the low-fat high carb poisoning in the 80s and 90s)
The uncommitted movement held a sustained, organized, peaceful protest and recently got a meeting with Harris. Failing to even acknowledge that is one of many issues that moves this piece from hackish to solidly bad faith. Every movement has factions, some more effective, some less. It's not a reason to diagnose your opponents with a personality disorder.
I presume the article was edited to change its headline after it was submitted to HN, but it's interesting that it doesn't match up with the HN title. It's still a subjective but positive title, but somehow feels like it has a different tone to the title on HN:

HN: "I got almost all of my wishes granted with RP2350"

Article: "Why you should fall in love with the RP2350"

title tag: "Introducing the RP2350"
Further related:

How to let go: Jake's life ends as his daughter's begins

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41174621
Jake's writing was on hacker news 4 days ago and he was still replying to the comment at the time: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41157974

Rest in Peace, Jake.
The Sleekcraft test or the Ninth Circuit likelihood of confusion test, is used to determine trademark infringement in the United States, particularly in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. This test evaluates several factors to assess whether there is a likelihood of confusion between two trademarks. Factors considered:

1. Strength of the mark

2. Proximity of the goods

3. Similarity of the marks

4. Evidence of actual confusion

5. Marketing channels used

6. Type of goods and degree of care likely to be exercised by the purchaser

7. Defendant's intent in selecting the mark

8. Likelihood of expansion of the product lines

To apply this test, courts examine each factor and weigh them collectively to determine if there's a likelihood of confusion between the trademarks in question. No single factor is determinative, and the importance of each factor may vary depending on the specific circumstances of the case.

The courts will fudge their reasoning with those eight pillars to fit their opinion.
Postmark-templates: Rock-solid transactional email templates for applications
> Fascinating how two people can read the same article

Two different articles describing things a year apart. Youtube was pushing only Chrome long before they presented the three options to kill IE.
At the heart of the Lua and Python interpreters, there's an evaluation function, written in C, that does something like this:

void evaluate() {
while (1) {
instr = get_next_bytecode_instruction()
switch(instr.type) {
// run the instruction
}
}
}

The question is how to run a CALL bytecode instruction. One way is to use the C stack: call evaluate() recursively. The other way is to have the interpreter maintain its own call stack and the CALL instruction is responsible for updating said call stack. This way the interpreter stays in the same while(1) loop the whole time.

Using the C stack can be faster, because you take advantage of the native instruction pointer & return address instead of emulating them in C. But it can also be slower if calling evaluate() is slow.
Elon Musk's X just sued a nonprofit advertising group out of existence