skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
How do your project and Z3 compare to (1) Logic programming tools like Prolog and (2) optimizers like scipy.optimize?

All of these seem to find solutions to user-provided constraint sets. They must be appropriate for different classes of problems, but it’s not obvious to me how that breaks out.

It’s, uh, been a long time since I last hand-rolled an optimization algorithm…
Both elections were claimed to be won by the person who received fewer votes, regardless of who you believe won either of them.
Super awesome, love the vision, exciting to try something in this space, and agreed with your core observations and conclusions. My only criticism is that the interior / package needs to look way cooler to tempt people across. Working with a decent industrial design firm and making some sexy renders would go a long way!
In what sane healthy market is two choices enough?

Imagine saying that about everything else in your life. Don't want to buy a Ford car? You can buy a Toyota. There are no other car brands in the entire world. IHG, Hyatt, Choice Hotels, Best Western, Wyndham, Radisson, they don't exit.

Don't want to stay at the Hilton? You're in luck, you can go to the Mariott, that's it.

Don't want to buy a t-shirt at Target? Well, Walmart sells t-shirts, and nobody else sells any t-shirts.

This would be astoundingly ridiculous anywhere else but technoloy. Even credit card processing networks have four options (Visa, MasterCard, Discover, and American Express).

As an example of how this works in other industries, US antitrust regulators automatically decline any merger/acquisition US airlines that would put their marketshare above 20%. And that's after deregulation!

IMO any market that has less than ~3-5 viable purchase options for customers needs to have extensive government intervention to keep the market fair and innovative.
Thank you for the compliment! I also understand your concern. I'll be adding a FAQ section to the pricing page soon.

For your reference, the average size of each row is about 66 bytes when compressed. This means that 10MB should accommodate approximately 150,000 rows if your data is of average size.

If pricing is a significant issue due to your current financial situation, please feel free to email me (you can find my contact in my profile). I'd be happy to offer a discount in exchange for your honest feedback.
If you have to put literal liquid metal in a laptop.... I think I'd rather have something with a lower TDP... Seems like it could be a reliability issue and leak eventually.
pardon me.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly

>A monopoly (from Greek μόνος, mónos, 'single, alone' and πωλεῖν, pōleîn, 'to sell'), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situation where a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular thing.

how is Google a monopoly according to the above definition in Wikipedia?

they have competitors like bing, duckduckgo, kagi, and some others that i have read about here on hn recently.

and I do not know about the others, but at least bing and duckduckgo have existed for many years.

so again, how are they a monopoly?
Thank you! Please don't hesitate to reach out if you have any questions. My contact info is on my profile.
I think what you're referring to is code generation or extraction https://coq.inria.fr/doc/V8.11.1/refman/addendum/extraction.... out of knuckledragger? It wouldn't be that difficult to traverse a z3 expression and generate the text of reasonable python code for a subset of possible z3 expressions. It would probably be easiest to extract purely functional code, which would be somewhat non-idiomatic python. I suppose extraction to pytorch, numpy, or pandas could be useful.

If by "Record" you're referring to the Record helper in the blog post, that was nothing clever. Just a helper to define struct-like datatypes (record types).

I did do some experimentation using the python parser to turn python code into z3 expressions but I haven't pushed on that https://www.philipzucker.com/applicative_python/ It is a little annoying to not be able to use the nice native python if-then-else or match syntax.
It comes across as crass to profit off a country's turmoil. Happens all the time, but that it's someone's first thought rubs the wrong way.
This doesn't seem to match up with the timeline. From wikipedia:

> Golden Gate Capital was Red Lobster's parent company after it was acquired from Darden Restaurants on July 28, 2014.[7] Seafood supplier Thai Union acquired a 25 percent stake in the company in 2016 for a reported $575 million, and in 2020 purchased the remaining portion from GGC.[8]

>In 2024, Red Lobster closed many of its restaurants[9] and then filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection [...]

4 years is quite a bit of time before they actually went bankrupt, and that's not including the 4 extra years before that when they sold a 25% stake. Pinning the bankruptcy on the PE firm makes little sense here.
I used to work in a helicopter factory. My company now holds records for some very old aircraft.

I'm well aware about bit rot.
That’s only 25 mpg which is widely considered to be unacceptably unsustainable even in the short term.
From the same paper that reported credulously on Havana Syndrome and Iraqi WMDs
If you've got a lot of carpenter bees in your area, those bee homes are actually a good idea, otherwise they'll burrow into the wood of the house: https://imgur.com/a/cxQFNWG
In some urban and suburban areas, where there aren’t a lot of predators, thick vegetation will harbor pests like mice and rats. I’m not sure if there’s a code against in my town, but I have let certain areas of my back yard get thick, sure enough tons of mice showed up in my sheds and moved indoors, too. Do not recommend.
how are they a monopoly, as I asked another person in this same thread, here:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41166997
https://archive.md/TmDrg
By the time those kids enter the workforce, The latest-greatest-thing won't be AI.
Not to mention that laptops are often used on aircraft, and aluminum airframes are extremely susceptible to gallium infiltration.
Hmmm. You sound very sure of this...

Why don't you trust the output of the voting machines in this case, but do trust it in the prior case?

In both cases, there are reports of numerical anomalies that are claimed to be statistically unlikely. One elicits calls for validation, the other elicits claims of "election denialism" for similar requests. Strange.
Add DualShock/DualSense bindings and I'm sold.
Does this include the emissions portal-to-portal? Airports tend to be nowhere near destinations because people don’t like living near all the pollution airplanes spew.
The better of the amateurs are as good as professionals.

I’ve been very well-taken care of in AirBnb’s, and I’ve been driven around well in Ubers.
russian Chinese bikes and EV scooters are pretty close.
On one hand, I agree that getting outside of one's comfort zones is often good for personal growth — that could be introverts being forced to be extroverted a bit, or extroverts being forced to be introverted a bit, and all sorts of other traits.

Some people don't like dancing — maybe we should force them to dance, regardless? There's a fine line between encouraging/pushing someone to do something or try something for their own good, and letting people live their own lives in their own way.

The way you phrase your question makes me think that you conceive of introversion as a sort of health problem — like being overweight. I'm sure that's true of many people. Just look in this thread for all the overlap that people have between being depressed and being introverted / staying at home / etc. But I do just want to plant the seed in your mind that there can be introverted people who are quite happy and healthy and "living their best life," so to speak, too. They may be dancing, just with nobody looking.
The relevant peak would be the population at the consumption level of Americans/other developed countries.

Probably one of those 80/20 relationships, where 20% of the population is consuming 80%, so if you reduce total population, but there is still plenty of population that can pick up the slack of consumption, then peak population won’t be the beginning or the downward trend.
Europeans, Sorted by Directness
> And folks tend to apply it lots of places it doesn't necessarily need to be used.

Glyphosate is the easiest way to keep a property clear of plants for fire insurance reasons in California, which is really unfortunate. My family had a big conflict with our neighbor over his use of roundup to clear his land because they were trying to grow a bunch of their own stuff.
A $500k aircraft that still requires a PPL solves neither of those, and getting the PPL is contingent on passing the medical, both inititally and at regular intervals thereafter.
I have a silly question: my dad got his private pilot a few years back and in watching him I learned is that, even with engine failure, pilots train to be able to glide the aircraft safely. On a Cessna 150 this is purely mechanical.

In this case, how does the pilot have control to be able to land in a field in the case of engine failure?

(Not a pilot myself, so pardon the naive question!)
linking to my answer in other parts of this thread, since the point and my reply are the same:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41166997
>The Ramones are terrible musicians, but locked into something our collective consciousness liked. You can't practice or engineer that.

I don't have enough perspective to really know, but it seems to me the record companies were a lot better at identifying this ephemeral quality decades ago, and then pushing it into the mainstream. If the Ramones came around these days, they'd probably go nowhere, but back then someone figured out that people would like listening to their music and pulled the strings to get their music into the public consciousness.

>But they are nobodies because they aren't capable of writing music people want to listen to.

Yep. I've even seen this with plenty of well-known musicians over the years. They achieve fame as part of some band, but then they join up with some other top-tier musicians from other bands as part of a "supergroup", and the result is completely underwhelming: technically very good, but just not all that interesting to listen to. So, many times, it seems that the "magic" came from a particular combination of people writing music together, at a particular time.
The article also said

> including falling wages and a challenging real estate market in which rent increases outpace earnings.

> Around the globe, the eldest Gen Z-ers are heading into their late-20s amid undeniable economic headwinds.

> Financial wellness company Brightplan's 2024 Wellness Barometer Survey of 1,400 US-based knowledge workers at global companies found that a majority, regardless of age, report feeling stressed about their financial situation, citing high inflation, rising interest rates and market volatility as complicating factors.

Are we reading the same article?
I think the biggest problem is attitude; in the US, transit is largely viewed as a welfare program for poor people who are not (yet) able to afford cars. To put it in HN terms, Americans see it like a deprecated API; something you're obligated to support somewhat, but only until your users migrate off of it.

If you look at the Honolulu transit project (Formerly HART, now called Skyline), I think it shows everything wrong with US transit projects:

1. It goes nowhere useful, only going to a bunch of random places on the west side of Oahu where no one really goes.

2. It was pitched as an economic uplift project, not a transit project. "If we build a train in these largely-ignored areas, it will help the people there!"

3. It took years and years to build, full of cost overruns, because it was also pitched mainly as a job creation project. You can't sell a transit project based on that alone, so instead they're pitched as welfare or job-creation programs, which creates the wrong set of incentives. After all, if the project takes longer, that's more jobs!
I think this idea is incredibly short-sighted.

Let's think of an alternative where browser are forced to even the playing field: the browser either presents users with a list of search engines in random order, or perhaps it even chooses a random default.

You'd see a world where search engines can run ads that say "click this easy button/download our app/do this really easy thing" to use our search engine.

You would also see smaller search engines being able to get on the Safari search engine list instead of just the ones that can pay Apple what I assume are huge fees.

Let's not forget that iOS and iPadOS commands a huge share of the most affluent customers who would be most willing to use paid search engines. But in the status quo even those willing to do so will find Apple's platforms to be less than accomodating.
Oh man, don't get me started. This was a point in a talk I gave years ago called "Please Please Help the Compiler" (what I thought was a clever cut at the conventional wisdom at the time of "Don't Try to Help the Compiler")

I work on MSVC backend. I argued pretty strenuously at the time that noexcept was costly and being marketed incorrectly. Perhaps the costs are worth it, but none the less there is a cost

The reason is simple: there is a guarantee here that noexcept functions don't throw. std::terminate has to be called. That has to be implemented. There is some cost to that - conceptually every noexcept function (or worse, every call to a noexcept function) is surrounded by a giant try/catch(...) block.

Yes there are optimizations here. But it's still not free

Less obvious; how does inlining work? What happens if you inline a noexcept function into a function that allows exceptions? Do we now have "regions" of noexceptness inside that function (answer: yes). How do you implement that? Again, this is implementable, but this is even harder than the whole function case, and a naive/early implementation might prohibit inlining across degrees of noexcept-ness to be correct/as-if. And guess what, this is what early versions of MSVC did, and this was our biggest problem: a problem which grew release after release as noexcept permeated the standard library.

Anyway. My point is, we need more backend compiler engineers on WG21 and not just front end, library, and language lawyer guys.

I argued then that if instead noexcept violations were undefined, we could ignore all this, and instead just treat it as the pure optimization it was being marketed as (ie, help prove a region can't throw, so we can elide entire try/catch blocks etc). The reaction to my suggestion was not positive.
"then pricing housing out of reach for all but the luckiest"

You're saying this as if the price of housing is decided by some guy/group of guys.
Posts here should inform, or at least attempt to inform. Thiel appears to have a messianic complex, believes that he must 'Save the Shire'. What does that mean?
Perhaps he believes there are cultural roots in America - in Protestant Christianity and many other aspects - that are slowly being bled away by liberalism, capitalism, and multiculturalism.
I think he's essentially correct in this. I just don't believe that he is doing anything to solve this issue. By supporting reactionaries, he's just going to make things worse, and in the end throw the babies, humanism and the enlightenment, out with the bathwater. The last 80 years have proven that while people may not be essentially good, if you give them the benefit of the doubt, they often surprise you. But you need to believe in them.
Cool concept, I hope you're able to make it work.

Do you plan to integrate auto GCAS functionality into the flight control system?

Does the flight control system automatically detect ice buildup? (One common cause of GA crashes is inadvertently flying into icing conditions with the autopilot engaged. The autopilot compensates for the ice buildup to a certain level, then it reaches its limit and disengages at which point loss of control may be inevitable.)

Will the autoland system use Garmin Autonomi or are you building your own?

Will you attempt to detect possible pilot deviations and give them an alert?
i guess the fun thing about this is that we're about to find out if you or the person you're replying to is correct
ATPL here, couldn't agree more with both of your comments.

It's not to say recreational/LS pilots are necessarily inexperienced or hazardous but the odds are certainly higher than someone trained to an IFR standard.

Like you said, raising the systems standards and improving affordability is fantastic. Lowering the barrier to entry in the complex world of aviation would require fundamental changes on so many levels I don't see this project completely achieving it but good luck to them, I think theres more to gain than lose.
I work with a French guy who uses "szheet"
Apple used to represent a small fraction of Intel's volume, but a large fraction of Intel's profit. Which is gone.

Cloud providers used to buy mostly Intel servers, but now have various efforts on buying or making their own CPUs. Amazon is now at the 4th gen graviton, seems nearly inevitable that other cloud providers will follow. Microsoft is well on it's way with the azure cobalt 100. Google has the Axion.
If there’s no rudder controls, how does one do cross wind landings?
> No one would mind if they were building new homes

I get what you're saying - producing new homes is actually what we need and would be more beneficial compared to just buying up existing housing stock - but the same NIMBYs who I mentioned further up would actually be upset about people building new homes.
It's amazing how one person identifies a case where he copied a symphony and then within hours people have found several other cases.
>They simply have a better product and I don't expect anyone to match them anytime soon (cue the DDG "I switched from Google to DDG 78 years ago" crowd)

Google search sucks. I didn't switch to DDG. Any competitor is going to have a hard time breaking in because of Google's paid exclusivity deals. That's part of why Google sucks. Google won easily in the early days because it was considerably better in a wide field of competitors it wiped out. It's not too hard to believe that Google would return better results if anyone was competing.

My web search has degraded to only searching for things I know already exist or occasionally fighting Google to try my damndest to get it to do an exact text search which is a stupid amount of struggle.
So what you’re saying is you can’t have peace and prosperity if the other side doesn’t want it?
Relevant: in 1959 the Army Corps of Engineers predicted SF's 2020 population to be 1,018,000 while the actual 2020 census SF population was 873,965 https://archive.org/details/futuredevelopmen00unit/page/n31/...

The Bay Area as a whole is an even more striking difference — 1959's estimate for 2020 was 14.4 million (same link above), and the actual 2020 population of the nine counties was almost exactly half that at 7.7 million https://vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/indicators/population
This is also ignoring that it’s entirely possible for Amtrak to miss the schedule by literal days.
My guess is internal arguing and different vision paths for things.
uBlock Origin has a few 'Annoyances' lists that you can enable in the settings, e.g. Fanboy's list on https://easylist.to/
Building rqlite 9.0: Cutting disk usage by half
Apple and Google have a duopoly in the mobile OS markets and mobile app markets. The fig-leaf of choice is between two duopolists. That's not healthy competition or an actual choice.
Hahaha oh my lord

State will always err… find a way
I'd guess that people who were doing the YEN/USD carry trade overwhelmingly used the USD to buy US tech stocks (for the same reasons anyone else would). Now that the carry trade is unwinding, they have to sell the stocks to cover their positions. A bunch of people dumping large amounts of stock will cause the price to go down.

Edit: Also, I'd guess that once the tech stock prices started tumbling, it caused a lot of people who have nothing to do with the carry trade to sell, causing further price decline.
> I would wager that most people would not have considered something like Crowdstrike to be a single point of failure. It is not what you would generally think of.

Sure. Most people are not decision-makers for critical IT infrastructure. Should we similarly throw our hands in the air if a bridge or building collapses because the people responsible didn't pay attention to structural safety just because it wasn't obvious to a layperson?

> Hell I would argue that in this particular situation, you could have the best disaster recovery but it wouldn't have done anything since Crowdstrike was probably baked into your images.

It's not really "the best disaster recovery" then, is it?

> Yeah eventually that would have been a non issue, but I can not imagine a scenario that I would have ever thought that I had a baked image and assuming I still had access to it and I could assure that it was the image that I made, that it somehow would itself be a problem.

There are so many other ways this can back-fire I'm not going to try to enumerate them. I really hope no one put you in charge of operating anything critical...
I can’t imagine being this deferential towards the government
Interesting article, but I wonder if the author has gotten carried away with his conclusions: that “classical music ennobles bullshit, encasing turds in gold that glitters without masking the stench” and about “the rot at the heart of the classical music industry, where name-dropping passes as a substitute for ability;... and where a résumé is grounds for utter suspension of disbelief.”

My own contact with classical music these days is limited to listening to recordings I enjoy and occasionally watching concerts on YouTube. From this distance, it doesn’t seem to be bullshit or name-dropping; the performers seem talented and dedicated (and almost certainly underpaid), and the contemporary compositions seem thoughtful, creative, and ambitious. Does anybody here closer to the creation and performance of classical music than I am have any thoughts about this article?
NFL Frequency Coordination Is All Grown Up (2016)
This article does an okay job posing the question, and then stops. Is there an actual answer or work on an answer that people would point to?
Dead Souls (1842)
>how are they a monopoly

they are because a judge just ruled they are. answering questions like this is the reason the courts exist, and they just answered this question.

or they might not actually be a monopoly, there's still a possibility of appeal, but there's really no more definitive answer than a judge's ruling. antitrust law is fuzzy, and depends a lot on the courts to interpret it.
Why is this unique to America? Why doesn’t this apply to the UK?
This is a tough comparison. They are very similar in some respects but also very distinct.

Prolog has some operational flavor to it. You can predict what it'll do. It can be used as "just" a programming language akin to python with fairly little logical/mathemtical content. Declarative Prolog as in constraint logic programming is in the realm of attacking similar logical problems to z3.

scipy.optimize is a grab bag of stuff. Some of it is pretty heuristic. It's all subject to floating point error, which is the devil we live with. The milp and lp solvers are relatives of how z3 handles linear inequality constraints. scipy.optimize doesn't treat logic at all really. It takes in mathematical multivariate functions and finds roots or minima.

Z3 is intended to be mathematically rigorous. It is less operational than prolog. On big combinatorial problems (SAT, bitvector problems), it is probably a superior tool. It does have an optimization interface, I haven't used it much.