skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It's funny that if I could describe my entire career, it would probably be something similar to software janitor/maintenance worker.

I guess I should have pursued a PhD when I was younger.
A Controversy: Data Fetching with Server Actions
The following formula will return the closest moon phase emoji in Excel:

=LET(phase,MOD(ROUND(MOD(NOW(),29.5275)/3.691,0)-2,8)+1,UNICHAR(127760+phase)))
There was a paper about webcrawlers circa 2000 that pointed out that the vast majority of academics who ran webcrawlers never published a paper based on their work.
> Can that "feature" be disabled?

not that I know of, but also she has social pressure to not let her friends "down", its a huge thing who you have "streak" with, and also the longer the streak is the more "important" it is.
Had a conversation with a firm that wanted a distributed scraper built, and they really did not care about site usage policies.

You would be fooling yourselves if you think such a firm cared about robots.txt or page tags.

We warned them they would be sued eventually, to contact the site owners for legal access to the data, and issued a hard pass on the project. Probably they assumed if the indexing process was out of another jurisdiction their domestic firm wouldn't be liable for theft of service or copyright infringement.

It was my understanding AI/ML does not change legal obligations in business, but the firm probably found someone to build that dubious project eventually...

Spider traps and rate-limiting are good options too. =3
Yes we were definitely inspired by SourceTrail! Will add to the feature list!
Rescript?
How do you envision thwsw companies aee discriminaying ans how many manhours goes into disxriminating an hour?

I fine your optimism here delusional at best.
Hmm… consider the following. Your FSM is acyclic iff you can assign each state an integer depth such that a state at depth d only ever transitions to states at depths strictly greater than d. So consider the following tables:

CREATE TABLE states (
state order_state PRIMARY KEY,
depth int NOT NULL,
UNIQUE(state, depth)
);
CREATE TABLE transitions (
start_state order_state NOT NULL,
event order_event NOT NULL,
end_state order_state NOT NULL,
start_depth int NOT NULL,
end_depth int NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT transitions_start_depth_correct
FOREIGN KEY(start_state, start_depth) REFERENCES states(state, depth)
ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT transitions_end_depth_correct
FOREIGN KEY(end_state, end_depth) REFERENCES states(state, depth)
ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT transitions_depth_increases CHECK(end_depth > start_depth),
PRIMARY KEY(start_state, event)
);

Let's bang on it for a quick test. You can define a state machine; here's one that roughly matches the regex `^(AB|BA)$` (I know I'm being a bit sloppy):

fsm=> CREATE DOMAIN order_state AS text;
CREATE DOMAIN
fsm=> CREATE DOMAIN order_event AS text;
CREATE DOMAIN
fsm=> -- "CREATE TABLE"s as above, then:
fsm=> INSERT INTO states(state, depth) VALUES('start', 1), ('a', 2), ('b', 2), ('done', 3), ('error', 3);
INSERT 0 5
fsm=> INSERT INTO transitions(start_state, event, end_state, start_depth, end_depth) VALUES('start', 'A', 'a', 1, 2), ('start', 'B', 'b', 1, 2), ('a', 'B', 'done', 2, 3), ('b', 'A', 'done', 2, 3), ('a', 'A', 'error', 2, 3), ('b', 'B', 'error', 2, 3);
INSERT 0 6

And, as you need to modify it, you can increase a node's depth to make room for intervening nodes:

fsm=> UPDATE states SET depth = 4 WHERE state = 'error';
UPDATE 1
fsm=> TABLE transitions;
start_state | event | end_state | start_depth | end_depth
-------------+-------+-----------+-------------+-----------
start | A | a | 1 | 2
start | B | b | 1 | 2
a | B | done | 2 | 3
b | A | done | 2 | 3
a | A | error | 2 | 4
b | B | error | 2 | 4
(6 rows)

But you can't decrease a node's depth too far:

fsm=> UPDATE states SET depth = 2 WHERE state = 'error';
ERROR: new row for relation "transitions" violates check constraint "transitions_depth_increases"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (a, A, error, 2, 2).
CONTEXT: SQL statement "UPDATE ONLY "public"."transitions" SET "end_state" = $1, "end_depth" = $2 WHERE $3::pg_catalog.text OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) "end_state"::pg_catalog.text AND $4 OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) "end_depth""

And you can't introduce transitions that don't increase depth:

fsm=> INSERT INTO transitions(start_state, event, end_state, start_depth, end_depth) VALUES('done', 'AGAIN!', 'start', 3, 1);
ERROR: new row for relation "transitions" violates check constraint "transitions_depth_increases"
DETAIL: Failing row contains (done, AGAIN!, start, 3, 1).

Now, I don't know that I would immediately recommend this for high-throughput production use. You're storing "unnecessary" state not once but many times (each state's depth appears `1 + \deg(v)` times), plus additional indices and lookups. But I do think it meets the desired consistency goals!
Do those charge pumps use external capacitors? If so, you could disconnect/float those capacitors, or if that would damage or glitch the chip, you could replace the real capacitors with some circuit like a voltage regulator + diode that would be designed to provide the charge pump output rail with a voltage that's high enough not to glitch the chip but low enough to be unsuccessful in writing to the flash. Would one of those ideas work, and allow the retrofit you envision to be designed with existing flash memory silicon + a few additional components?
I don't.

Just 3 AI spiders put more load on our servers than all search engine spiders and all human traffic combined.

Some numbers I have handy from before I blocked the bots:

ClaudeBot drove more requests through our Redmine in a month than it saw in the combined 5 years prior to ClaudeBot.

Bytespider accounted for 59% of the total traffic to our Git server.

Amazonbot accounted for 21% of the total traffic to our Git server.

Google has never even been close to breaking out of the single-digit-percentages of any metric.
Thanks that's great context! I don't think I've been out as long in similarly harsh conditions.

I always carry plenty of backups, usually duplicates, because CGM sensors can fall off and it happens that I screw up the insertion, so having at least one is good. Also I always carry some old-style sticks with me as backup.

To prevent freezing/overheating of insulin, I'd probably pop some vials into a small thermos filled with room temperature water. Just dropping into a bottle of water is also better than leaving exposed to air.
Really good read, in fact all of these discussions are really great.

I liked the linearizable explanation, like when Alice knows the tournament outcome but Bob doesn't. A super extension to this would underscore how important this is, and the danger of Alice knowing the outcome but Bob not knowing, just extend the website a bit and make it a sports gambling website. A system under such a parition would allow Alice to make a "sure thing" bet against Bob, so the constraint should be that when Bob's view is stale, it does not take bets. But how does Bobs view know its stale? It has to query Alices view! Lots of mind games to play!
Sorry it was indeed receiving the hug of death - but it should be alleviated now
Coincidentally, I just posted about how well LLMs handle adding long strings of numbers: https://userfriendly.substack.com/p/discover-how-mistral-lar...
They normally aren't serving from webservices but from subsidized CDNs.
People in Europe have microchips and require permission to move? That’s news to me
it might be easier to just artificially recreate "natural coffee flavor" than to try to remove everything
Show HN: MVP Calculator
Ah this looks fun! I use "dir" all the time with python, and find it more useful than official documentation in some cases where documentation is not great.

Surprised there isn't more innovation and new tools like this around python's interactive shell given it's one of the real strong points the language has.
Yeah, they seen how their product is used and now expanding the use case. Most of their userbase don’t know these tools, and looking for a better search than google.
I honestly think that will be an improvement. SEO is enshittification, it degrades the quality of the product. I would rather pay a couple bucks for something good and vetted.
Be veeeery careful. STM32H QSPI peripheral is FULL OF very nasty bugs, especially the second version (supports writes) that you find in STM32H0B chips . You are currently avoiding them by having QSPI mapped as device memory, but the minute you attempt to use it with cache or run code from it, or (god help you) put your stack, heap, and/or vector table on a QSPI device, you are in for a world of poorly-debuggable 1:1,000,000 failures. STM knows but refuses to publicly acknowledge, even if they privately admit some other customers have "hit similar issues". Issues I've found, demonstrated to them, and wrote reliable replications of:

* non-4-byte-sized writes randomly lost about 1/million writes if QSPI is writeable and not cached

* non-4-byte-sized writes randomly rounded up in size to 2 or 4 bytes with garbage, overwriting nearby data about 1/million writes if QSPI is writeable and cached

* when PC, SP, and VTOR all point to QSPI memory, any interrupt has about a 1/million chance of reading garbage instead of the proper vector from the vector table if it interrupts a LDM/STM instruction targeting the QSPI memory and it is cached and misses the cache

Some of these have workarounds that I found (contact me). I am refusing to disclose them to STM until they acknowledge the bugs publicly.

I recommend NOT using STM32H7 chips in any product where you want QSPI memory to work properly.
The big three cloud providers (AWS/GCP/Azure) have collectively decided that you don't want to set a spending limit actually, so they simply don't let you.
You can write a macro that expands a grammar definition into the appropriate code. Anything a preprocessor can do, a macro can do like that.
The voice interface is present in the mobile apps.

They know how to release to get press coverage.
> we operate in networks where outbound MQTT and HTTPS is simply not allowed (which is why we rely on encrypted DNS traffic for device-to-Console communication)

HTTPS is not allowed (locked down for security!), so communication is smuggled over DNS? uhh ... I suspect that a lot of what the customer "security" departments do, doesn't really make sense ...
If only typescript could avoid changing syntax every 2 weeks.
If I understood correctly, they have a CDN that normally takes care of it, there were just some links that were not ported / covered by the CDN yet?
Previously in 2023 Intel lost it's private UEFI key on the MSI hack. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35843566

This time it's AMI. Cannot get bigger.
Work is such a flimsy word for qhat google currently does with search

As soon as someone shows me a search engine that restores quality of searxh, im getting a subscription for work.

It really cany be hard to whitelist sources and index appropiately.

Get goimg nerds , google has fallen.
If anything Docker is underused. You should have a very good reason to make a deploy that is not Docker, or (if you really need the extra security) a VM that runs one thing only (and so is essentially a more resource requiring Docker).

If you don’t, then it becomes much harder to answer the question of what exactly is deployed on a given server and what it takes to bring it up again if it goes down hard. If you but everything in Docker files, then the answer is whatever is set in the latest docker-compose file.
Flash storage requires high voltage to do an erase (which needs to precede a write operation).

Back in the EPROM days, that was easy, just don’t supply 25V or whatever.

Modern flash still needs those high voltages but generates it on-chip via charge pumps. If your read-only switch physically disconnected the charge pumps, you would have read-only flash.
What makes you think that only a dozen or so foundation AI companies are scraping?
Respect to them for not naming names, that's the classy move, but I wouldn't blame them if they did.
I guess they also donate, but at least they contribute quite substantially: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Organised_Editing/Activi...
It is vastly easier to do the formalization than to actually solve the problem. Any undergraduate with some lean familiarity could do it in minutes.
I quite liked the book actually, but a consistent problem with it is that if you have a half-decent familiarity with some of the relevant background it's basically impossible not to spot that it's full of errors, some of them pretty innocuous and others pretty glaring. Thing is, if you can't help noticing that Apple Computer wasn't, in fact, a non-hierarchical organization formed by ex-IBM engineers working in groups of 20-40 using laptops(!) in their garages and know enough about bond trading to realise than investors aren't getting involved as a means of paying tribute to governments, it's not unreasonable to wonder whether some of the stuff about ancient coinage and unusual tribal approaches to indebtedness might also be embellishments of misunderstood anecdotes or completely the wrong way round.

It's really inconvenient that the general response to this by Graeber and his acolytes has been to insist that anyone with the temerity to suggest it might be flawed must be doing so in bad faith.
I work in the hosting industry (euro) and most people I know never heard or care about this project.

Nextcloud CEO Frank Karlitschek well summarized it:

“I don't think Gaia-X has a future. It's basically a paper monster that will exist but will not have any impact in the market, unfortunately."

https://www.theregister.com/AMP/2024/01/08/gaiax_future/
I think the point is that the lunations vary by a couple of days within a year, so you might confuse users by stating a phase is on the wrong day when they are unaware a low accuracy algorithm is being used. But that algorithm probably would be good enough for just drawing an icon, since the differences would be imperceptable.

Honestly, I recommend people use the most accurate algorithm they practically can, even if it's overkill for the given application. This just avoids user confusion when different apps give different answers, even if it's not significant.

E.g., I have ported VSOP87 which gives the position of the moon and planets to sub-arcsecond accuracy to a couple of dozen languages. They are much, much longer than the "snippets", but are not impractical, and users won't notice much difference in application size or computation time. https://github.com/gmiller123456/vsop87-multilang
But they do ask you only two digits of the pin on each try and they probably will lock your account after three incorrect attempts. Not saying 6 digits is secure, but it's better than everyone using "password" if they have a string policy on incorrect attempts.

And don't hm they have 2FA for executing transactions?

I'm pretty sure banks are some of the most targeted IT systems. I don't trust them blindly, but when it comes to online security, I trust that they built a system that's reasonably well secured and other cases, I'd get my money back, similar to credit cards.
One-page web application to test your colour skills
UsAsk HN: What should I use to build UI interface for an LLM
I want to create an LLM UI interface for my fine-tuned Llama model, similar to a private GPT chat. The interface should allow me to upload multiple documents, add prompts to them, capture the response, and format it with Markdown tags based on one of the attached template documents. What should I use? Preferably something open-source so I can customize it. What do you recommend? I looked at Gradio, but it seems too “modest,” and OpenWebUI is too complex and extensive. I would also like the solution to support PWA technology.
You are correct of course. People fool themselves by pretending there is such a thing as the "regular price" and saying it's okay to charge some people less than the regular price, but not to charge more than the regular price. But really there is no regular price, just the different prices paid by different groups.
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> I would argue capitalism just so happened to be our method of progress

Personally I strong believe that (free) competition was the actual real "force" behind it. It just happened that capitalism (however flawed) provided the best environment for incentivizing individual and groups to compete in a "productive" way, accumulating capital in a reasonably regulated and fair way, instead of treating the world a zero sum game (i.e. in premodern societies usually the only real option you had if you wanted to gain significant wealth besides inheriting it was taking it from other people through force or coercion). Stable legal, societal, economic environments (also things like patents, copyright etc.) created ways to reward innovation and other societally productive enterprises.

When I say "fair" I of course mean it in relative terms (and even then that limited "fairness" was almost exclusive restricted only to members of your own society). But it was a huge improvement over arbitrary despotism, societal and economic, instability and various misaligned incentives that preceded it (e.g. possibly why the Roman empire didn't really progress past the "proto-capitalist" stage).

IMHO Socialism and similar systems have a major flaw (besides the fact than they can't really exists without excessive coercion) in that they stifle competition and don't tend to incentive/reward behaviors leading to growth and innovation.

Not that monopolistic-corporations etc. are any more likely to behave any differently without strong incentives, or that non-profit/government funded/etc. organizations can't produce anything innovative or societally beneficial or are somehow inherently worse at that than profit seeking companies (often the opposite). However again they need incentives to not consume/waste all the resources they get without providing anything in return and the need to compete (or lose funding/end up privatized) with the private sector often (again in relative terms, compared to any alternative systems I can think off) provides those incentives.
I really like that argument.

I've often thought Sun and Solaris also won, since so much of Linux is open source reimaginings of what Solaris had in the mid-late 90s, essentially a few year head start on Linux (which i used in the early 90s and still do, but along with Solaris back then, and NeXTstep).
One thing that makes comparing numbers more challenging is who is defined as homeless in the counts. I'm not sure where your Paris numbers are from, I couldn't find them in the source link. The SF numbers are a PIT count + shelter population for a specific night in January.

Paris homeless point in time count of 4,227 in January 2024 [1]
France for individuals living rough 141,500 [2]

[1] https://www.sortiraparis.com/en/news/in-paris/articles/24790....

[2] https://redcross.eu/projects/mobile-teams-assisting-homeless...
It smells like nail polish remover, well nail polish remover with the acetone subtracted, and it is noticeable well below any toxicity threshold. It's also a characteristic component of some fruit / fermentation aromas
> I'm afraid GPT-5 won't be there any time soon.

Based on nothing but idle speculation.
Show HN: Data Neuron – a framework to create AI data analyst
Data Neuron is a CLI framework to maintain a semantic/context layer and query DB in natural language.

We have been trying to solve the text to sql problem in my company for quite sometime. We have been using a version of semantic layer or the context to get text2sql to some accuracy in our product. The internal framework is UI based and for datawarehouses.

I thought I'll create a quick mini version of it (hence the name "neuron", our company is DataBrain) which is a cli tool.

Currently supports: SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MSSQL

Works well with Claude 3.5 sonnet which is the default, also has support for OpenAI, LLAMA, Mistral..

The objective is to have a framework or approach so one can create, maintain, improve the semantic layer such that an AI agent can answer questions about one's data.

Next set of plans: If one wants to fine tune, transform the context layer to a compatible dataset. And also to create a flask python API to accept incoming questions and return results as json or stream. And to support synthetic query generation based on existing context and to support some form of eval/testing of the generated queries.

I have been wanting it to do this cli for quite sometime. This is just a minimal, quickly put together, early version of it. Any feedback would be appreciated!
Not just AI: here is my current side-quest: https://www.earth.org.uk/RSS-efficiency.html

Over 99% of the bandwidth (and CPU) taken by the biggest podcast / music services simply on polling feeds is completely unnecessary. But ofc pointing this out to them gets some sort of "oh this is normal, we don't care" response because they are big enough to know that eg podcasters need them.
I think the title should make it clear it’s macOS only, before getting my hopes high to test it out, it looks interesting nonetheless.
oh how i wish i had kept my rev1 K&R rather than donate it to my hometown library 20+ years ago.
Sacks, Graham and other big Silicon Valley VCs had a brawl on X over VC behavior
Not the new voice interface, no: https://www.reddit.com/r/ChatGPT/comments/1d80q59/openai_jus...
I wonder if you need to account for body language to get that figured out. A technical conversation on the phone is usually not as fluid as in-person.
And I believe for this reason necessarily SearchGPT might come out on top, at least for higher quality content from partnerships.
Doesn’t work on iPhones, not sure I understand the point?

And doesn’t DDG use Apple Maps already? At least it appears to do so on my iPhone.
> with this current global trend of mass immigration, we are seeing - in every single case - the loss of high-trust cooperating populations of ethnically homogeneous people to ruinous hellscapes of filth, violence, conflict, etc.

You really think this is a modern “problem” (if a problem at all)?All empires throughout history (Egyptian, Persian, Roman) left deep cultural changes that still can be felt today. Thinking that only an “economic globalization” without people moving to more prosperous lands could occur is the pipe dream.
> do folks in the business really simply steal a laptop and try to pull all data? or do they steal the laptop and wipe it and flip it... if they wanted your data wouldnt they steal you, the human, too ?

Governments definitely worry about it, and I’d be shocked if e.g. banks didn’t also put it into requirements. Access can be temporary, too: imagine if you get 15 minute alone in someone’s office or they have a kiosk in the lobby, etc. – not enough time to open the case up but plenty to toss a USB drive in and reboot. Repeat for lost devices or scenarios like the KnowBe4 attack disclosed yesterday where some dude might not be able to explain cracking the case open.

> the signing method only offers buying more time before the innevitable data is "breached" by a theat actor - its the same buying-time for any and all encryption.

You have to think about cost, too. It appears to be safe to buy a used Mac because Apple employs competent cryptographic engineers and very few targets are worth involving a lab with truly serious hardware. This could be the case on the PC side too, but it’s undercut by vendors skimping on execution and until Secure Boot is pervasive and robust, nobody can easily tell whether hardware they’ve lost control of can be trusted. People have been getting malware on used computers for years and a trusted boot process makes it easier both to tell if that’s happened and to be confident that you’ve fully wiped a system.