skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models (2021)
Evolution can happen without mutation. Evolution can happen within species. Species is a pool of genes, and changing environment can change the selection of those genes. Things like sexual selection or distance can make separate species.

Think about dogs or other domesticated animals. They have the same genes as wild ones but they have been selected. Mutation happens, like the cat orange coat, but many are original genes. The domesticated foxes someone mentioned are interesting cause of how fast the breeding and how features similar to dog appeared.
> A CEO, however, does not make products generally. Nor does he come up with new things. He's a face, a leader, and not much beyond that. He could easily be replaced with an algorithm - if humans were receptive to that. They're not, unfortunately. So for now we need a warm body. Who that body actually is... meh, not really important. Best case, pick someone tall, white, and handsome. That usually works out.

And yet, we see companies opt for highly paid CEOs.

Sure, you can claim that boards (or whoever picks CEOs) to be all in cahoots with each other. But we also don't see greedy, activist investors racing each other to force companies to replace highly paid CEOs with the kind of anonymous dolls you describe; even though they are otherwise quite happy to clash with incumbent management, and even replace them wholesale, when they get control. Usually with some other highly paid and experience people.

Do you have any hypothesis as to why?

> I would agree that pay not being proportional is common because as you get closer to the skill ceiling the job becomes more difficult. You need more amount of effort/expertise/knowledge per unit of skill.

I'm not sure that's the right argument to make. I can't look into Usain Bolt's mind, but I don't think he'd be paid any less, even if hypothetically his running wouldn't take him any effort at all?

For the other two (expertise and knowledge), how would you define them in such a way that your statement is not circular?

I tend to see this as more of a case of marginal contribution. If you have a big, complicated machine that needs a tiny screw somewhere to work, and a normal screw costs 5 cents, but there's a fancy screw that enables the whole machine to be 1% more productive, the fancy screw might be worth up to ten million dollar a year, if your machine's output goes from 1 billion dollars a year to 1.01 billion dollars a year.

(I say 'up to', because in practice it depends on the supply of fancy screws. If there are lots of suppliers in the market, competition will drive their price down to close to production costs, even if they still give you ten million dollar in increased productivity.)

Similarly, perhaps a brand name CEO would only increase output by 1% over your hypothetical anonymous handsome guy, but that might still be worth millions a year.

---

In any case, I would be quite baffled if famously greedy and supposedly short-termist shareholders, would leave money on the table by not replacing name brand CEOs with some anonymous doll, if that worked as well as you suggest.
I suppose if the options are "Uncle Bob's Rules" and the straw man of "No Rules" that could be true. That's like if you gave yourself the options of "one hand behind your back" or "two hands behind your back" in a fight when we already knew how to fight with "zero hands behind your back".

But I'm not sure I even believe that, because the worst thing is dogmatism. Uncle Bob convinced young developers to be dogmatic.

I've dealt with code that was a mess with no adherence to rules. I've dealt with teams where everything need to be perfect. The first group shipped products. The second groups had neat looking code bases but had much more trouble shipping. Sometimes it was impossible to get in simple lines of code because it didn't match "the rules".
Fill the Bathtub
Drobbins founded both gentoo and funtoo - so they're bound to be very similar. He basically fell in love with BSD 'ports' back around 2000, and decided to build (two!) distro's based around the idea in it...
Yeah, this is all made up buddy. The dollar value is not a consideration. There’s no such thing as $1M cap. Or any cap.

The salient thing here is how long they are expected to last. Super cheap items are generally not going to last very long so yes they do trend towards expensing.

There is ABSOLUTELY no requirement that a capital asset be sellable or have any market value.

You get an F-
The Role of Skill in Matchmaking [pdf]
spotify has so many user hostile practices that I am completely mystified why the majority of the population seems to prefer them in a world where youtube music exists.
Did I miss anything?

Subtitle says "Poorly designed laws are forcing global firms to leave." I didn't see anything in the article that elaborates on the "poorly designed" part or any company that is forced to leave. Instead, the article uses a number of totally irrelevant examples to argue... nothing. I am really confused.
NY state works the same way too. If you work remotely you're still required to pay NYS income tax on your wages, even though basically no payroll company knows to check for this scenario unless you bug them about it. The technical term for this is the "convenience of the employer" rule, and in the specific case of NYS you are liable for taxes on nonresident income unless your work specifically requires you to be out of state[0] or you work from an employer-run office in another state. Remote employees like me get to pay quarterly estimated tax and then claim refunds from my resident state, which is a pain in the ass.

Aside from New York, Pennsylvania, Arkansas, Delaware, and Nebraska have the same rule. If you work for a company headquartered in any of those states you probably should be paying nonresident income taxes there just in case. My personal opinion is that "convenience of the employer" should only apply to people who regularly travel to and from the state for work, but last time I looked this up, some guy in Connecticut sued NYS and lost over that exact issue.

For the record, the tax credit isn't part of the agreement, it's a constitutional mandate. SCOTUS prohibits two states taxing the same income, they have to divide it up, so every state has a "taxes paid to another state" credit. Though, funnily enough, that credit is taxable, ASK ME HOW I KNOW.

If you wanna see some real double-tax bullshit, wait until you hear about how Americans have to pay both American and Japanese income tax if they live and work in Tokyo...

[0] i.e. it's not at the convenience of the employer
> What people ought do is just undervolt the chip by .05 at least and reduce the clock speed.

What people ought to do is get the processor they paid for.
I heard that they found a Gab account of his where he seemed to be sounding, well, quite Democrat-y? (Maybe do your own research)
I genuinely have no idea whether Figma's current code export is any better than FrontPage or Dreamweaver. I do web design stuff about once every four or five years and it mostly involves me firing up TextMate to edit Wordpress themes.
Yea agree. I feel one of the best books ive read that makes this concrete is Grokking Simplicity by Eric Normand. It’s less about functional programming and more about functional thinking. Lots of concrete great advice in that book.
I'm submitting this because it's interesting content, but unfortunately it's a bit poorly organized by Activision.

This is the second whitepaper, and the most recent in a series [0] of four whitepapers on matchmaking. The first [1] paper was about the role of ping in matchmaking.

[0] https://research.activision.com/publications/2024/07/Call-of... [blog]

[1] https://research.activision.com/content/dam/atvi/activision/... [pdf]
Nope, just generic Bay Area suburbs. And in one of the "cheaper" areas to boot.
Nice speakers! I'm guessing the model, if correct here are some spins for those interested https://www.erinsaudiocorner.com/loudspeakers/jbl_4329p/

Weird you can't limit digital output. I also listen mostly at low volumes and have the same issue. Part of the reason I chose Sonos is this is built in across all products, alongside an effective loudness toggle. This has been particularly helpful with some little Genelec 8010s I use as desktop speakers plugged into a Sonos Port.
There are some very valid points here though:

https://apenwarr.ca/log/20170810
I've never used funtoo but I like their tool keychain.

> Keychain helps you to manage SSH and GPG keys in a convenient and secure manner. It acts as a frontend to ssh-agent and ssh-add, but allows you to easily have one long running ssh-agent process per system, rather than the norm of one ssh-agent per login session.

> This dramatically reduces the number of times you need to enter your passphrase. With keychain, you only need to enter a passphrase once every time your local machine is rebooted.

https://www.funtoo.org/Funtoo:Keychain
Same. I didn't see any explanation or example about "poorly designed" or "leave". And yes Vision Pro is completely irrelevant and very confusing. To me the entire article is just a well-formatted rant adapted from a random reddit post.
That was a very beautiful explanation that creates a good intuition of benefits and limits of storage disagregated systems. Writing here a very very simplified explanation for my future reference;

Naive remote storage 15x-20x slower, Log as db P2 design 20% overhead, Multiple Version Storage (P3) for access from multiple nodes avoiding "torn page" using different version of the pages 40% overhead
From what’s stated they could create a new account but not gain access to an existing account. So they create “totally_the_admin@bigco.com” and then login via google elsewhere and try to use that as a way to gain further access to bigco accounts, presumably by some manual support.
It's not subsidizing, the same money ends up in each hands. The difference is in who needs to bear the burden of reduced cashflow.

Should it be the small, innovative companies that made & make America great? Or the government who spends too much money as it is?

One of the government's jobs is to set rules such that they incentivize certain behaviors. The tax rules can be modified to a middle ground. Put some threshold in $X millions of dollars where you no longer get the choice and let the innovators leverage the money to build more great things. Big tech has the cashflow to weather the transition from 1y to 5y. Companies who spend every dollar that comes in are having a hard time. It means hiring fewer people in one of the most important industries
You’re right that a particular claim like p(X=x)=a can’t be falsified in general. But whole functions p can be compared and we can say one fits the data better than another.

For example, say Nate Silver and Andrew Gelman both publish probabilities for the outcomes of all the races in the election in November. After the election results are in, we can’t say any individual probability was right or wrong. But we will be able to say whether Nate Silver or Andrew Gelman was more accurate.
He's kinda informally blacklisted, due to his bad behavior. He's already being supplanted by other thinkers, although his writings are worth a read.
Kind of. Those that are explicitly trained to do that with consistent formats will do it better. They'll also save you the extra tokens needed to explain the format/method of interacting with functions. But yeah, you can simulate this with any recent model and enough explanation.
> Please don't comment on whether someone read an article. "Did you even read the article? It mentions that" can be shortened to "The article mentions that"

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
It's almost guaranteed there are people trying to sell an AI version of Robodebt right now to the Australian government, even though the last (non-AI) version of it was an absolute cluster fuck:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robodebt_scheme

Other governments around the world have done similar (non-AI) things in the past with similar terrible results. They'll likely try an AI version of things too in the near future, just because "AI" apparently solves all the problems. Ugh.
Discussion (30 points, 4 days ago, 24 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41044952
It does feel like being bought by stripe was the plan all along
Building a Modular PowerShell Profile – Part 1 of 2
> Can anyone elighten me regarding what is different or special about 100.64.0.0/10 vs say, 192.168.0.0 or 10.0.0.0.

A bit of context: if an ISP cannot get enough IPv4 addresses for the WAN-side of people's home routers, some problems exist:

* something in 192.168/16 is generally used for the LAN-side of people's home routers, so that cannot be used on the WAN side

* 10/8 is used for business/enterprise corporate networks, so it also cannot be used on the WAN side because if people VPN connect to the corporate, then the router may get confused

* similarly for 172.12/12: often used for corporate networks

So the IETF/IANA set aside 100.64.0.0/10 as it had no 'legacy' of use anywhere else, and is specifically called out to only be used for ISPs for CG-NAT purposes. This way its routing does not clash with any other use (home or corporate/business).

IPv4 address space is nearly exhausted. However, ISPs must continue
to support IPv4 growth until IPv6 is fully deployed. To that end,
many ISPs will deploy a Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN) device, such as that
described in [RFC6264]. Because CGNs are used on networks where
public address space is expected, and currently available private
address space causes operational issues when used in this context,
ISPs require a new IPv4 /10 address block. This address block will
be called the "Shared Address Space" and will be used to number the
interfaces that connect CGN devices to Customer Premises Equipment (CPE).

* https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6598.html
How does this compare to the JetBrains solution?
And, importantly, that's why Pantone isn't just a freeloader making money off of nothing the way that some of the more clickbaity parts of the internet represent them. They're not solving an easy problem, if they were they wouldn't get paid.
Since 2016, you can use Eigen in CUDA C++ code and it just works: https://eigen.tuxfamily.org/dox/TopicCUDA.html
Amazing book. My favourite parts are the framing of fighting complexity as the main goal of design (strategic vs tactical thinking) and the idea of "deep modules".
Yes. Cantors diagonalisation wasn't just a neat proof for an interesting theorem, but it made Cantor one of the few people to invent an entirely new class of proof technique. I'd give it a similar status to techniques like 'indirect proof' and 'induction'.
How important is technological industry? Pretty damn important I'd say if you're interested in economic growth and hence supporting your social safety net.
The only competitor that I've given a fair shot is Apple Music. I'm not thrilled with either. Between those two, Spotify wins solely for Spotify Connect. I much prefer the way it works to AirPlay.

I haven't really tried YouTube Music, but I'll give it a go. I've been meaning to try out Tidal too but haven't yet.
Ten of the last Olympics all went over budget
Sorry for the odd usage. The idea is taking a shortcut through a field and caking your boots in mud, or cheating in Game of Thrones and caking your sword in blood. I could have worded it better for sure.
There are a few open source projects by the name and we were aware of https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork which is archived. Didn't know of this though.

It's a common noun which works really well for patch-based offerings I guess, and we chose it because we built a 'framework to patch code'. But we'll think more about this - thanks for bringing it up.
One of my all-time favorite Linux distros is a long-defunct Gentoo derivative called Sabayon which I daily drove for years. I don't regret it in the slightest! It was a great distro.

I'd much rather see what a unique or otherwise outstanding distro has to teach me by relying on it thoroughly for a while, even if it's small, and even if it doesn't last a decade. The most established distros are pretty much all the same as each other anyway so it's not like you'll miss much.
US v. Cano: "we hold that manual searches of cell phones at the border are reasonable without individualized suspicion, whereas the forensic examination of a cell phone requires a showing of reasonable suspicion". Neither "without individualized suspicion" nor "a showing of reasonable suspicion" are a warrant requirement. This is not a court "ruling against warantless border searches".

US v Aigbekaen is an individualized suspicion requirement, not a warrant requirement: "individualized suspicion of an offense that bears some nexus to the border search exception’s purposes of protecting national security, collecting duties, blocking the entry of unwanted persons, or disrupting efforts to export or import contraband."
A textualist interpretation of the constitution would likely take a very dim view of the federal government trying to stretch its powers and get around the Fourth Amendment. I don’t think we have much to worry about on this topic from the current court.
Though I may have gone to the college North of them my hat is off to these lads from the University of Michigan for this serious accomplishment.

The engineering lads from Michigan State are more into Grand Prix style racers.

https://www.egr.msu.edu/fsae/
Why can't I stop eating?
How would a recall work, given that half of these chips are soldered onto mobos, not socketed?
I agree -- these comments are bizarre to me. Technology is the single biggest predictor of QoL in human history.

You can only miss out on so many Industrial Revolutions before you begin to lose power (economic, military, financial, social) and fade into irrelevancy. That will certainly hurt QoL more than any short-term gain from preventing Memoji AI from existing in your region, or strangling your next AI startup in the cradle.
> So if I get $1mln in income now, and spend $1mln on say software R&D, i'd end up owing a bunch of taxes on the $1mln of income using cash I just don't have anymore.

Then go get a loan which should be easy because you’ve demonstrated $1M revenue with 100% gross profit margin. A complete non issue and painfully unrealistic because how are you paying for the $1M capitalized expenses before you have the revenues? Yes, you have to raise funds to start a business. Shocking.
You might want to update your browser or reader.. it works for me.
The problem is that Rails is the super power that keeps Ruby alive (in my personal opinion). I’d love to use a Typescript solution that has the power and opinionated style of Rails, but there’s nothing comparable. I think AdonisJS wants to be that, but it’s not battle-tested enough for me to feel comfortable relying on it for production projects.
Taking a Radio Camping
Rapid oxidation is another way of saying "burn".

Unless they have specific evidence to delineate heat damage from excessive voltages and "oxidation" from a manufacturing process, then they're just playing coy at admitting their chips are burning out.
My understanding of HN is the parent comment should be part of the question text.
In some sense, randomness is a modelling choice, not a statement about the underlying mechanism.

Eg we wouldn't be able to tell whether stock prices are truly random (according to some distribution), or governed by a cryptographically secure pseudo random number generator.

Another example: quantum mechanics is a fully deterministic theory. It's even linear, so we don't even get deterministic chaos like from Newtonian billiard balls or the Newtonian three body problem.

But some popular interpretations of quantum mechanics like the Copenhagen Interpretation decide that they need to add randomness to make sense of QM's predictions.

In contrast, some other interpretations like Many Worlds leave QM deterministic.
My radical solution (in addition to build build build).

Tax something like $1,000 per day that a unit is unoccupied (aka not in residential lease or commercial with x number of employees assigned there).

Buy and hold empty is not sustainable. Also Airbnb can go to hell.
At this rate, at what point will types have too many functions to pick from? I'm imagining a decade from now.
There is an issue with that perspective though. The Europeans sell out. Ok. Maybe they are bad at valuation and don't realise that their companies are worth more than they are being paid for. Or maybe an EU company can't capture as much value as a US/Chinese company. And those are really the only two options - either the decision is rational or irrational. If it is an irrational decision then there isn't much to talk about. But it is probably the second case - selling out to someone on a different continent generates value. And there is a good chance that is because it helps avoid EU regulators.

For example, you mentioned Nokia. Nokia was blown out of the market by superior Chinese manufacturing and US design [0]. It wasn't a close battle, the EU contender was crushed. Apple's motivation for entering the market was that among other things that companies like Nokia were so bad at making phones that Apple reckoned it could break in to a new vertical. That is a very EU-led-industry problem to have. The reason they sold out was because the EU turned out to be incapable of incubating a modern, successful phone manufacturer in the 21st century even with an incredible lead and Nokia was being outmanoeuvred everywhere.

[0] Both looked like regulatory issues to me, we've seen how the EU responds to things like micromanaging the iPhone charging port.
The computer you develop on gets amortized, typically over 3 years. It's much more complicated than you realize. It's tied to the useful life of the thing.

What changed is that almost all software development was classified as capital improvements and a forced 5y (15y if international salary). There is not way to classify different software projects by their useful lifespan.
I struggle not to read this in trumps voice
Europe is correct.Taking initiative on the moonlighting of hyper cheating of common citizens by big tech firms.It is investing all conceptual strength on wayward money making by the four tech "giants" at the cost if people.They act as sentinels and gatekeeoers to prevent cheats from secret money making.
That is currently when Netflix hype has faded. But during peak Netflix hype before they had to bring in ad tier world wide the numbers never crossed 250 mil. It's feels like a rough guess of how many globally have disposable income.
I liked this:

>The trouble is that when the truth gets stretched far enough, something eventually breaks.

The chart wasn't as convincing to me. Well, some of it is, e.g. trust in tech industry and public schools is at 40 year lows. Most of the other institutions of society have somewhat higher trust levels now than their all time lows. That seems too cheery to be realistic to me. Of course, the levels have been low for decades, so it is just depressing overall.
Discussed at length by HN 3 days ago

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41046773
Ask HN: How did you convince people to pay for your software
With so many builders and founders here I am hoping to learn early sales. We are building an MVP and reaching out to potential ICPs to see if they would be interested. We mention how our software can add value and help them gain traction.

Since our software is not ready users can not try themselves. However, we execute the process manually behind the scene. We have one person who paid us and others mentioned what could add value.

Our software is for marketing people. How do I convince them that we add value and it is worth paying for.

Looking for ideas, strategies and understand what works.