skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Agreed, we have beamforming.

Beamforming, to recap, uses multiple radio transmitters acting in a coordinated fashion, along with specific fast calculations -- to modify the conditions of the combined radio wave at a specfic point (or points) of space...

So agreed, we have beamforming.

Now with respect to the various arrays of antennas acting in a coordinated fashion, aka "phased arrays" / "phased array antennas" -- if I think about say, a Starlink Dish -- I think about a whole series of antenna circuits -- on a 2D flat plane:

https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=starlink+dish+teard...

This seems very similar to The University Of Alaska's HAARP:

https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=haarp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-frequency_Active_Auroral_...

https://haarp.gi.alaska.edu/

But... that's not my point!

See, these (basically 2D X x Y grid) designs for beamforming radio transmitters are great and all, but I'd be immensely curious if there weren't some interesting 3D antenna geometries that could be couldn't be coupled with beamforming technologies... for example, what happens if someone were to make a 3D phi-spiral phased array transmitting (or receiving?) antenna array?

Some 3D version of something like:

https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=phi+spiral

Or potentially like:

https://cosmometry.net/phi-double-spiral-field-patterning#:~...

Or perhaps like:

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=230792927111973&id=1...

Or even something like:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTS3UsPvxuStfe0VI3M1S...

You know, get something like that working with some Tesla Coils (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=tesla+coil

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_coil) and see what happens!

In other words, perhaps there may be more possibilities to explore here...

But yes, agreed, we have beamforming!
The postgres ltree extension does this beautifully. I'm not sure if similar things exist for sqlite or other rdbmses.

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ltree.html
Game Semantics
I guess this is something people have to make? I wrote one 6 years ago in Golang and rewrote it in Rust last year. I have stopped using it, but I had them running for 6 years without issues.

https://github.com/AndreasBackx/update-dns
> charges that would seem extortionate today.

... per-minute voice, for example.-
You could do it with a cloudflare worker that just returns the ip address of the request
Indeed. But let's not forget that China manufactures a lot of EVs because they manufacture a lot of cars, and contrary to us, they have no fixed dates on transitioning from ICEs to EVs.

And also while the west decrease our usage of coal by X, at the same time they increased theirs by something like 4x, and right now, both China and India are building brand new coal power stations.
I think the fact that OS updates are free now kinda killed a lot of the marketing/promotion since most consumers will only update if their computer is old.
The US has a unique foundational culture of individualist liberalism. It is hard to understand the modern context of the right to self-government without the American precedent. Many of the things we take for granted were created by this philosophy. To compare it to other "modern democracies" is to discount the unique tradition of the US.

Compare America to America rather than expecting that the US adhere to the relatively more collectivist norms of other nations.

The Gilded Age was an even more productive era in terms of growth and upward mobility, with no income taxes levied at the Federal level. It was the progressive era that brought an end to this prosperity and ushered in the IRS, the 3rd central bank and an increasing number of foreign conflicts. Further economic interventions brought about and prolonged the great depression.

After WWII, much of the world's industrial base had been destroyed. Militaries funded by taxes destroyed productive capacity. Attributing this period of relative prosperity to the income tax would be seriously misguided. Instead you might have asked how much more successful the post-war economy would have been with lower taxes and less central planning.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1913

> It also established a one percent tax on income above $3,000 per year; the tax affected approximately three percent of the population.

https://taxfoundation.org/blog/independence-day-taxes-then-a...

>Taxation in the United States in 1776 was incredibly different than what it is today. There were no income taxes, no corporate taxes, and no payroll taxes. Instead, the American Colonies (and to a larger extent, the British Crown) were primarily funded by tariffs and excise taxes.

https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/colonial-life-...

>The average tax rate in colonial America was between 1 and 1.5%

And for that much the colonists fought a war for independence. The "modern democracies" you reach for would most likely not exist as such if not for that precedent.
> First and most importantly: you're imagining a sideloading method that is much less first-class than that the EU wants to impose.

I'm not "imagining" anything. This is the status quo on Android and even setting one switch to "allow installations from this source" (one that already pops up automatically no less!) already freaks users out.

And the EU is fine with this. They didn't specify any technical implementation to Apple so I'm sure they will make it as scary as they can.

> Even aside from that, you can't compare the Play Store to Apple's because the Play Store is a thousand times less restrictive.

Apple has seen a lot of stuff slip by the reviewers too, and it's pretty much a hit and miss based on who you get. Just like with Google.

I'm sure a lot more app providers would love to get out from under Apple's heavy hand but in practice this is just wishful thinking. The tiny amount of friction there is on Android is more than enough for people not to bother.

> There's a reason why people are constantly complaining about the App Store and (aside from Epic) never the Play Store. Apple has a lot of restrictions, and while some of them are there to extract more money most are there to protect their customers.

We'll have to differ in opinion on that. I feel like most of the restrictions are there to protect their cash cow which is the app store.
Nevermind. The other answer is better
The Case for Investing in Vanguard Total World ETF
Matchmaking Series: The Role of Skill in Matchmaking [pdf]
Seven Sisters myth being a coincidence across cultures around the world:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qyjKND3dAE
yes, probably an american thing. i am very much not a fan of these “ghost tours”
macOS shares zero lineage with Linux, which itself shares zero lineage with the UNIX derivatives. It would make zero sense for Apple to call macOS "Apple Linux" when it doesn't use the Linux kernel. Mac OS X is closest to a NeXTStep box with a coat of Mac-like polish on top. Even calling it "Apple Berkeley Unix" wouldn't make sense, because the XNU kernel is a mish mash of both BSD 4.3 and the Mach kernel.

Linux and the UNIX derivates are not even cousins. Not related. Not even the same species. They just both look like crabs a la https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinisation.
“Violin manufacturer Yamaha reveals new motorcycle”
One thing that puzzles me is those people who shudder at comparing Stalin's murderous spree with what Hitler's effects were. Is it the cognitive dissonance of not wanting to believe that we not only allied with a genocidal dictatorship but heavily supplied them with industrial output during the war? My family lived in the USSR and I can say for a fact - knowing it was the NKVD rather than Gestapo that might knock on the door in the middle of the night to disappear your father or uncle was of little consolation.
...except for the vast majority of people - who are too poor, or self-reliant, or kitchen-literate, or un-trendy, or something, to actually use food delivery services.
It's literal clickbait as you're moved to click to figure out who that man is.
"...so he hid it, in the one place he knew he could hide something..."
The audio version of the article at the top isn't.
bash (at least) has a built-in mechanism to do that

diff <(cmd1 | grep foo) <(cmd2 | grep foo)
Jean LeRay invented sheaf theory while he was a POW in Austria in WWII.
A NASA saying; “there is no situation so bad that it cannot possibly be made worse”

Which I think applies to people who think communism will somehow save them from their predicaments.

Communism has that special something that destroys the soul. It’s hard to describe if you haven’t seen it or talked to those who have lived it. The attempt at the impossible in creating the ‘new man’ free of greed in combination with a secret police that pits friends against friends, family member against family member such that all personal relationships are voided.

I get that our current system of ‘capitalism’ is more of an oligarchical corporatism than ‘true capitalism’ and is really failing people. But communism is not the answer because it’ll be the same oligarchs in charge and there will be far fewer ways to escape them. I understand that ‘true communism’ would obviate the need for greed and corruption but in trying to get there from here by crossing a river of blood in an continuous revolution it’s far more likely to get stuck in the corrupt communism state which is far worse than our current corrupt capitalism state.
> Unlike the shipping sector, which pretty much continues to burn raw dinosaurs just because they're based in a jurisdiction that allows, nay, encourages that.

What's a realistic alternative to burning dinosaurs?
It feels like people go to far the other way as well. People don't just need shelter, food, water, and community. Things like entertainment, art, and learning are also essential to having a good life.
Pragmatic realism: towards a reconciliation of enactivism and realism
There's nothing wrong with the Norwegian approach of excessive extraction combined with demand destruction. It just forces the Saudis to cut their production even more as they want to keep prices high.

There's too much focus on supply in environmental circles. The IEA forecasts an excess of a staggering 8 million barrels per day by 2030 due to peaking demand. The only question is who will have to cut this time.
Learning Some Logarithms (2023)
Vacuum tubes would be the perfect thing to generate the clock pulses, as they can be made to withstand the temperatures, vibrations, etc. I'm thinking a nuclear reactor to provide heat via thermopiles might be the way to power it.

However... it's unclear how thermally conductive the "atmosphere" there is, it might make heat engines unworkable, no matter how powerful.
Returning nil in Go, or something else
This would be an effective method against Iran’s scrambling of satellite TV
I feel like it's worth mentioning icanhazip.com [0] as well, since it's now run by Cloudflare [1]. Until recently switching to a custom CF worker, that's been by go-to for ages.

[0]: https://www.icanhazip.com/
[1]: https://major.io/p/a-new-future-for-icanhazip/
I think the back button is fine, it's the keyboard shortcut for Go Back, `alt-left`, that's broken. The `scrollKeyboardNav` element's "press left/right to go to the prev/next language" keydown handler is triggering even when alt is being held is preempting the Go Back shortcut.
I’m not at all familiar with Julia but that sounds interesting. I’ve been thinking recently that with AI we might eventually decouple the style of the source code from the style of the executable code.

That is, let you toggle from DOD to OOP in your IDE. The way you can vary the font in your IDE today. Very non-trivial but in the long term could happen.
> Sorry, I'm talking hypothetically about how this would be designed, not in the context of your specific timeframe!

Oh sure, yeah, I think we just agree then!
> I'm baffled as to why this is an issue.

I am baffled by 1-2 extra keypresses to use numbers or symbols & get back to the letters is such a big issue. The majority of the US & Japan (predominantly iPhone users) function just fine.

Either way it's too late for iOS to change it now because "loyal" iPhone users are used to it now.
From the spinning wheel, to plentiful rags, to cotton paper, to the printing press.-

> ADDED: The Romans did apparently have some knowledge of antibiotics

Fascinating. Worth looking into.-

Sometimes, all it took was one person noticing something (midwives who wash their hands post partum tend to have better outcomes, farmers near cows get less sick, or not at all ...)

... but, you raise another good point: First principles, the search for the facts. Benefits at scale come with, consistently, wanting to go from observation, to general principles, to particular application, to mass application ...

... and, maybe, it took rational thought and the scientific method to get there.-
How do you like using sorbet? Does it feel natural? I’m also running service on rails and considering trying to integrate sorbet but worry about the syntax
Given what OS X has become it's un-obsoleted itself again.

It's kind of ironic that you're using a post from 20 years ago to invalidate an essay from 25 years ago, about an OS that's been substantially dumbed down in the last 10 years.

Bad corporate blood will tell.
> OSX was far closer to a Linux box and a Mac box on the same desk

Setting aside the "more BSD/Mach than Linux", OS X pressed a lot of the same buttons that BeOS did: a GUI system that let you drop to a Unix CLI (in Be's case, Posix rather than Unix, if we're going to be persnickety), but whose GUI was sufficiently complete that users rarely, if ever, had to use the CLI to get things done. Folks who love the CLI (hi, 99% of HN!) find that attitude baffling and shocking, I'm sure, but a lot of people really don't love noodling with text-based UIs. I have friends who've used the Mac for decades -- and I don't mean just use it for email and web browsing, but use it for serious work that generates the bulk of their income (art, desktop publishing, graphic design, music, A/V editing, etc.) -- who almost never open the Terminal app.

> though it has been quite a while since I've seriously used the one-button OS

Given that OS X has supported multi-button mice since 2001, I certainly believe that. :)
I use qemu extensively especially for early-stage kernel debugging when no console is available; one such was just this week with v6.8 where, on arm64, any kernel command-line parameter >= 146 characters hangs the kernel instantly and silently.

Here's how I used qemu + gdb (on Debian 12 Bookworm amd64 host) to emulate and execute the arm64 kernel build to single-step the problematic code to identify the cause.

1. In a prepared kernel build system (i.e; all build dependencies and cross-compile tools installed) build the kernel image. I do this in an unprivileged systemd-nspawn amd64 container to avoid messy -dev package installs on the host. Nspawn bind-mounts the host's source-code tree which includes a separate build directory:

cd "${SRC_DIR}"
# copy/install/configure a suitable ${BUILD_DIR}/.config; review/edit with:
make V=1 ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- O=${BUILD_DIR} -j 4 menuconfig
# build the kernel
export KBUILD_BUILD_USER=linux; export KBUILD_BUILD_HOST=iam.tj; time make V=1 LOCALVERSION="" ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- O=${BUILD_DIR} -j 12 Image
# build gdb helper (Python) scripts
export KBUILD_BUILD_USER=linux; export KBUILD_BUILD_HOST=iam.tj; time make V=1 LOCALVERSION="" ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- O=${BUILD_DIR} scripts_gdb

This will create the debug symbols needed by gdb in ${BUILD_DIR}/vmlinux and the executable kernel in ${BUILD_DIR}/arch/arm64/boot/Image

2. Install "gdb" (and if doing foreign architecture debugging "gdb-multiarch") on the host as well as "qemu-system-arm"

3. Execute the kernel but -S[uspend] it and have QEMU listen for a connection from gdb:

qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max,pauth-impdef=on -smp 2 -m 4096 -nographic -kernel ${BUILD_DIR}/arch/arm64/boot/Image -append "debug $( for l in {144..157}; do echo -n param$l=$(pwgen $((l-9)) 1)' '; done )" -initrd rootfs/boot/initrd.img-6.8.12-arm64-debug -S -gdb tcp::1234

The -append and -initrd shown here are optional; in my case no -initrd is actually needed since the (silent) panic occurs in the first few instructions the kernel executes. If debugging loadable modules however they would be in the initrd and loaded in the usual way. If the problem being diagnosed occurs after the root file-system and userspace proper are active then one would need to add the appropriate qemu options for the emulated storage device where the root file-system lives.

4. In another terminal shell (I use "tmux" and create a new tmux window) start the debugger:

cd ${BUILD_DIR}
# this cd is important - gdb needs to be in the base of the BUILD directory
gdb-multiarch ./vmlinux

5. In the gdb shell:

target remote :1234
break __parse_cmdline
continue

At this point the usual gdb functionality is available to examine memory, variables, single-step, view the stack and so on.

For more details on debugging kernel using gdb and the gdb scripts lx-* see

https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/dev-tools/gdb-kernel-...

Edit: Forgot to note that for gdb to be able to use the lx-* Python scripts it usually needs the path authorising:

echo "add-auto-load-safe-path ${SRC_DIR}/scripts/gdb/vmlinux-gdb.py" > ~/.gdbinit
What are the costs of labor-saving devices and processes?
What do we tend to do with that extra time and/or energy?
Why the US still needs the F-15 [video]
Zen began to be really better than the competition only with Zen 2 (Ryzen 3000), when the production of its CPU chips was transferred to TSMC.

For Zen 1 or Zen 1+, only the Epyc CPUs seem to have been free of problems.

I have a 24-core Zen 1 Epyc that has always worked flawlessly, but when I have preordered the very first Ryzen, the 1750X, I had to dump it as useless garbage after only a couple of weeks, because I was using it in Linux, where any intensive multi-threaded task was crashed by a nasty bug that was not seen on the Ryzens used just for playing games in Windows.

AMD has never given any explanation about their bug, and they did not recall their CPUs, which were completely unusable for professional purposes. However, like Intel today, they at least honored the RMA requests. However I did not bother with an RMA, especially because the procedure would have been complicated, as I do not live in the USA and I would have had to ship internationally the bad CPU. I have just dumped both the Ryzen 1750X and the expensive motherboard, keeping only the DIMMs, and then I have bought a Kaby Lake instead.

Nevertheless, I did not hold a grudge against AMD, despite losing more than EUR 800, and later I have bought an Epyc and then a Zen 2 Ryzen and then a Zen 3 Ryzen, all of which have worked perfectly.
So as someone who teaches robotics to middle school
Students, FIRST lego is still the best program for kids. If you would like to learn CAD, EE, 3D printing, and microcontrollers, then certainly go the battle bots route. However, this will be a steep learning curve for your son and he may get frustrated. With FIRST, he will move from FLL to FRC in late middle school which has much more open road. He will also learn to work as a part of a team and solve problems in concert with peers which is different than a father son team. FLL is intense and almost a year round pursuit. Find a good home school team for him to join and he’ll get the best experience.
When is the government going to start requiring IPv6 more aggressively?

It's that simple.
This rests on the incorrect assumption, pointed out in the post, that most applications need the kind of scale that warrants quickly scaling to more servers.
Ask HN: Why is user 'turdistheword' shadowbanned?
I tried writing a response to the submission ‘https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41081810’

My response was regarding a similar application I built myself, but with IP checking and cross referencing abilities in conjunction with Cloudflare.

Now I have come to realise the ycombinator has been shadow banning me, all along, in such a shoddy way reminiscent of a gaslighting relationship. So I write things, get no engagement at all and trying to create an unethical sense of disconnect in my world.

Why is this appropriate?
I'm talking about people who want to use Tailscale for personal reasons. For example someone can setup a Tailscale instance between their work computer and home computer and circumvent the corporate VPN/MFA policies for remote access. I doubt they being malicious but what if their home PC gets hit with malware? A threat actor could then use the existing Tailscale instance to get into the corporate network.
Move production closer to the point of sale. Ship less stuff. Sell less stuff. All things nobody wants to do unless incentivized.
I think the overwhelming majority of transactions can be characterized as a trade (of goods for money, services for
money, work for money, money for other money (in form or time), etc.)

UBI seems quite different in that regard and, while it doesn’t invalidate everything, it introduces a lot more of money for nothing and a corresponding nothing for money trade that is required to fund it.
@dang, please remove this ageist comment.
Of course, coming from vercel this is kinda disconnected from reality (and quite a bit AI-written) but:

Tightly coupled frontends, or frontends that exist within the same codebase or deployment unit as your backend architecture, limit your ability to adapt.

> The interior of each company’s container is unique, meaning that onboarding developers is tricky and most new features must be built from scratch and continuously maintained.

I agree it's unique, but for "new features must be built"? If in software, that's how that works, and for something in linux, you install a pacjage in your build step

> Maintaining a healthy development lifecycle is a fully manual, resource-intensive process.
As traffic fluctuates, teams must provision the appropriate amount of infrastructure to adapt, or else face downtime or security breaches.

Heard of CI, k8s and autoscaling?

> Self-hosted setups struggle to optimally serve dynamic data to customers halfway around the world.

This can be true, but just purchase PoPs as your business needs scale. If you're some small startup you don't need 9 9's of uptime.
See: Ponzi Scheme
They don’t need to know that.. and the extra 10k for the new role feels derisory. Given the tax situation you want to push past 125k per year so ask for more than 100k but accept 100?
"If this world is a simulation" then anything can follow, which makes it an uninteresting hypothetical.
You need to track and document assets in your books to depreciate them, and in the event of an audit you need to substantiate it.

That is paperwork. Unless your tax folks are just yolo’ing amounts into the appropriate fields in your taxes anyway, in which case you’ve got bigger problems.

You are correct that it doesn’t necessarily require going out and tracking say every individual desk.

But to depreciate it, you would need to be able to show you bought x desks for y $$ (and those were reasonable business expenses), including receipts, and if the IRS got worked up, they might demand to see said desks. Which if you had no idea where they were, is going to be hard eh?

And then you need to track them over the period of time you’re depreciating them (and how much was depreciated).

Which for a small business is not worth the hassle at all.

And it is highly unlikely the amount they spent on said desks is not de minimus.

If you are IBM or sprint or whatever? Then sure. That is why they have massive accounting departments, asset tag everything, etc.

Even they don’t bother with hand tools and the like for tax purposes though.

they can’t do things the easy (and legal) way.