skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Is the Llama 3.1 model open source?
Yes.

Really?
No.

Training Data = Source Code

This time, the Llama 3.1 model was released as open source. However, the training data is not disclosed. In AI and deep learning, training data is the "source code," while the model is like an app. Therefore, Llama is not truly open source. It's more like a free language model app has been released.

When Meta's Zuckerberg released Llama, he mentioned Linux and posted, "Open Source Al is the Path Forward“.

While Zuckerberg looks cool and we appreciate him,

still, we should understand that Llama is not open source. To be open source, the training data must be disclosed. We should not be under the illusion that Llama is open source. (Training data size: approximately 15 trillion tokens)
I like the anonymity.

If I wanted an online presence I’d become an influencer - much better RoI.
I don't think we disagree at a fundamental level. My thought on reducing fragmentation is to reallocate those resources to fix the broken software and to make everything better and smooth. That last 10% to make the UX really good isn't something most people like doing, but it's something that macOS and Windows both spend a lot more time on that Linux.

Due to the fragmentation, I don't think most users make it far enough to run into the application or UX issues. It seems like reducing fragmentation would get more people into the door, and once they are in the door, having those developers work on making the core experience better, is what keeps people around. Once the platform has more users, that will bring in even more developers... the ones who are there as a job, not just enthusiasts, which should lead to an upward spiral for quality.

In terms of the large distributions not being able to be consolidated... I don't think the average user (read: typical Windows and macOS users) care about any of that, other than not having to go to the CLI to change a config. A user should not need to know what glibc is.
I thought magnetic logic was an interesting technology when I first heard of it. It's never going to replace semiconductors, but if you want to compute on the surface of Venus. You just might be able to make it work there.

The basic limit is the curie point of the cores, and the source of clock drive signals.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_logic
For a fully compute-bound workload, you're certainly correct.

That's rare though. All it takes is a couple stalls waiting on memory where a second thread is able to make progress to make that "ideal speedup" certainly be nonzero.
GitMuse: Open-Source AI-Powered Git Commit Messages with Llama 3.1
Had the same first thought (:
Academic? Perhaps, applied:

"When Soviets Won the Cold War: Wading Through Pyotr Ufimstev's Work on Stealth" (26.03.2024)

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39830671

> In the early 1970s, Lockheed Martin engineer Denys Overholser discovered the key to stealth technology hidden in a stack of translated Soviet technical papers. Disregarded by the Soviet academic elite, and unheard of in the United States, Pyotr Ufimstev had worked out calculations that would help win ...

Not sure of the details of this story, but in general having there enough people to grant them time just to search for something interesting seems not unrealistic.
I mean it was given as an internal presentation about the business strategy, it's the kind of thing I would expect.

1. We took a hard-problem, peer-to-peer networking and IdM, and (mostly) solved it.

2. We're hoping this will drive people to build apps that leverage the unique capabilities of authenticated p2p mesh networks. It doesn't even have to be specifically for Tailscale.

3. People will want to use those apps and (if we're good at our jobs) choose to pay us to run the network for them over our competitors or building something in-house.

4. $$$

I'm not sure I would say this is as nefarious as the tone of the comments here suggest. Wanting a "killer app" for your software platform is pretty normal which is really what he's talking about. I would be nervous declaring victory or an inevitability without being to name what that killer app actually is but trying to figure it out/build it is a good strategy. It's one of those times where the desire for engineers to solve their pet-problems, play with shiny new toys, and build Halo LAN Party over Tailscale is aligned with the business.
I'm sure that happens with me (I've noted for awhile that banal comments I write here get upvoted, presumably from a combination name recognition and people who engage with HN by following specific people --- which is how I do it too). What I'll say is if you see this happening with me, call me out on it! Refer back to this comment, if you like, when you do.

Apart from sheer volume (I have been a message board nerd since FIDONet when I was a teenager, it's second nature for me) I attribute what success I've had here to engaging principally on security topics, which is where I've spent my whole career. But I also just like to shoot the shit about stuff! I'm wrong all the time! (Including about security stuff).
You're confusing cooperation like normal countries do with actively supporting murderous regime. Soviets actively supported Nazis during the WW2.

As far as Allied country that did not commit horrific war crimes:

- France

- Poland

- Czechoslovakia

- Belgium

- Luxembourg

- Netherlands

- Norway

- Greece

- Yugoslavia

- Ethiopia

- Philippines

- Canada

- Australia

- New Zealand

- India

- South Africa

- Brazil

- Mexico

- Mongolia
> This is covered in any elementary stats or probability book.

No, it is really not. That you are avoiding giving me a straightforward answer says a lot. If you mean this:

> So any proof that P(X) != 0.5 falsifies it

Then the fact that we got all heads does not prove P(X) != 0.5. We could get a billions heads and still that is not proof that P(X) != 0.5 (although it is evidence in favor of it).

> I addressed this in my last two paragraphs...

No you did not. Again you are avoiding giving a straightforward answer. That tell me you are aware of the paradox and are simply avoiding grappling with it.
They are now :)
Is it really OK now that I know there's a difference in price? What can I do about it? Nothing, really.

> all actors have as much information as possible.

That has about as much relevance as a Turing machine to an actual computer. I don't have the necessary power to process all that information and determine my ideal choice.
like heart bleed?
Building a custom DAG orchestration system for experimentation
I like coding in Ruby a lot more than Python or Typescript. From using the Ruby LSP in the article daily (though I am not on the team) I can say it works quite good and I have very few issues with navigating Ruby source. If I were very worried about types, going to Python or Typescript seems like not a very good solution. Python barely has more type support than Ruby, and Ruby is making a lot of gains in this area. Might as well go to an even more expressive and powerful language like F#, Haskell, Ocaml, Scala, or similar.
Shorter shifts on the street, to allow for more paperwork time and any extra time during the work day goes to self paced training.
In fact, if Uncle Bob really doesn't want 4-line functions, and wants moderation, he should write a better book. Whatever he claims to mean, everyone sure seems to think that's what his book says.

I personally found it to be one of the most needlessly dogmatic things I've read.
And this is why all computer audio should be 24 bit internally. A lot of the newer pro apps are actually using 32 bit floats
Problem is most innovation is in using existing models in new ways. You can't expect these most people to train their own models.

Regulating it the way you say just means "zero innovation!".
They send resumes with the same accomplishments and names that indicate race and observe the relative degrees of acceptance.

Everytime they do this test, considerable bias is found to still exist.
Class D doesn't have any attenuation. This is a big factor in their greater efficiency.
BRT would be a good (and cheap) upgrade for a lot of the absurdly wide stroads covering US cities. Bonus points if you can get the intersections on those roads converted to roundabouts. The whole reason why those stroads got so comically wide is so that all the cars have somewhere to park while they're waiting for the next light. Roundabouts are continuous flow and can handle a lot more traffic than a signaled intersection, so you can take out the center lanes in favor of dedicated bus infrastructure.

The reason why most buses suck to take is because they can never keep to a schedule when they're sharing the same lanes that private cars take, have to wait at the same lights as them, etc.
> I really liked the premise of the post until I got to the last paragraph and had to do a quick double take.

"Be sure to drink your Ovaltine."
The humans will do it unconsciously if they can see the names.

It is like orchestras used to use auditions where the judges could see the people; when they went to auditions where they couldn't see the people, the number of women being hired went right up.
There's not one Zappa, either. There's the one that gave us Hot Rats, which is quite different from The grand wazoo & Waka/Jawaka, which are different from Yellow Shark and Everything is healing nicely. Then there are all the guitar solo albums...
Or the fact that people continue to do a lot of development in these languages would suggest that the benefits are more than marginal, and the lack of a few editor features is not such a terrible hindrance.
Regardless though why would it potentially being higher in newer architectures be viewed as a good thing?
Excellent piece of software. Blazingly fast and highly reliable. I use it on Lightsail server to do hourly backups to S3.
The Paris 2024 Olympics Cauldron's flame is created using water and light
Other than the chips that are significantly damaged prior to the updated microcode, why should this be treated differently from the meltdown saga? Fixes for that required significant slowdowns, except in niche applications with trustworthy code or air-gapped systems such that the vulnerability could be ignored. No Recall. Class actions ongoing, but everyone's mostly forgotten about them.

More conservative voltages will only lead to small (low single-digit) performance decreases, right? Isn't that less significant a performance hit than meltdown countermeasures? The only way I can imagine performance really tanking would be if Intel has to severely down-rate supported memory speeds as well, if the ring bus can't handle higher memory speeds at slightly reduced voltages.
Had no idea about the FABRIK technique, that looks really useful in a lot of different contexts too. I did a little clap irl at the end of the video.
Try to avoid using it until the microcode fix in a week or two. If you bought it last week, you probably haven't used it enough to permanently damage anything from the voltage issue yet.

Keep careful watch of problems in the future: the oxidation issue for the 13th gen is a physical defect not fixable by the microcode update, but we don't know how widespread it is yet (and Intel is keeping mum). If possible, it might well be worth returning and getting a 14th gen chip, which doesn't suffer from the latter problem and the former will be fixed by microcode.
Sure, hence projects like SearchGPT. OpenAIs main advantage is in mass distribution (Apple deal, etc)
Purple totally exists, but isn’t a single wavelength of light. It is multiple wavelengths of light. Physical colors are all blends of wavelengths.

Displays are tricking the eye by showing three single colors that look like real color.
The tricky part would be maintaining the equalization + delay matching in a changing environment - imagine a person suddenly walks in between you and the speaker that's playing the music.

Unless your correction system can respond in real-time, you've accidentally created an audio-frequency bistatic radar :P
Alternatively, when the Supreme court composition has changed and shown a willingness to view old decisions as bad law, its a great time for a district court to break rank with precedent.

We have a couple decades to shape the country however you want, you don’t have to act like a victim because the justices lied during their confirmation hearings on one specific topic, just bring different cases for other various inconveniences you have.
Oh yeah, forgot to mention. On a given tailnet, users can only reach their own machines. Each machine that joins the network has an “owner” shown under the machine name in the admin portal. By default users can only reach their own machines, not everyone’s else’s. As the network admin you can manage that through the ACLs tab.
> This sounds like an argument for never educating people and doing nothing about the problem.

I feel like it's really the opposite.

There is a major problem with using AI to screen CVs, which is that AI is bad at screening CVs. It excludes good candidates and offers mediocre ones, and opens up a bunch of hacks the equivalent of black hat SEO, which gives an undesired advantage to people inclined to dirty tricks.

But "it's racist" is a political hot button, so before people can start to point that out, someone scrambles to push the hot button and suck all the oxygen out of the room. Then the purveyors of snake oil can munge the algorithm until it passes the naive oversimplified racial bias test someone made up (probably making it even worse at its intended purpose), and then claim "the problem" is solved, as if that was the main and only problem.
> why are VC's somehow the cause of "tech industry"

Who else will give private capital for what is purely an idea?

Not Banks giving a business loan - they will demand interest at the current interest rate.

Not Private Equity - they only move private capital into public companies or late stage private companies

Not Hedge Funds - they only deploy capital into public markets

Not Growth Funds - they only deploy capital into late stage companies

The only funds that will deploy private capital into early stage companies are Angel Investors and VC Funds.

> this seems like a very US perspective on tech in general

Israel, India, China, UK, Russia (pre-2022), Ukraine (pre-2022), and ASEAN all developed a VC scene similar to the American scene.

Yet mainland West European investors are nowhere near as dynamic.

If the Western European market was more dynamic, Spotify would not have moved to NYC, Ghodsi would have founded Databricks in Stockholm instead of San Francisco, and Datadog would have remained a purely French company instead of moving most of hiring from Product Leadership to HR to the US a decade ago.

While you can mention ASML, the only reason ASML/Phillips even has EUV IP is because the US Government gave it to them instead of Canon or Nikon due to anti-trust reasons in the early 2000s and can very easily revoke IP access if prodded.

> Very, very cheap money because the status of the US dollar as a reserve currency compared to the euro and other currencies

Then why do high interest rate Israel, India, and China continue to have fairly robust VC scenes despite having high interest rates and currency controls and/or relatively illiquid currency markets?

The reality is "cheap money" as in interest rates don't really matter for early stage funding. Indtutional investors always leave some money on the side for VC funding as a diversification tool.

The difference is American, Israeli, Indian, Chinese, and ASEAN institutional investors will try to fund local VCs to build a local ecosystem, but Western European ones will just hand that money to an American, Israeli, Indian, or Chinese VC instead.
How is this related to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_pasta ?
Did the paper author get a cut from AMD?
Thanks!

Lemon Squeezy is exactly what I needed but failed to find the required keywords to make it surface in Google search results.

Ironically they were just acquired by Stripe today. I'll keep this guide up nonetheless in case the fees start to increase in the future.
> Students who feel pandered to by know-it-alls probably learn worse than students whose skills are being collaboratively built up by enthusiastic mentors

That helps put words to a feeling I've had for quite a while now about certain types of educators. I couldn't put words to it but this makes sense in retrospect. Its almost like they're saying "look what I can do! I'm a mathemagician!" vs putting the students learning first.
I am not a fan of Lisp. However I sure wish all command line tools would use the same Lisp dialect for scripting. Instead of each Linux tool inventing their own awful, badly documented, makes-you-want-to-vomit bad joke of a scripting language.
The original DEI
Apex Jr is more a traditional electronics surplus with components and the the like but also various bits of electronic equipment as well as random weird stuff all surplus stores collect and some prop rental. I could see them operating off of the stuff Apex Surplus gets in bulk lots but is not really suited to their primary trade in props and part of the same business. Unlike Apex Surplus I don't think Apex Jr has ever updated their web design, looks pretty much the same as it was 20 odd years ago.
Hey OP - if your thinking about a smart knob with haptic feedback etc - check this open source project out that you can build yourself - its amazing:

https://github.com/scottbez1/smartknob

Video demo here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ip641WmY4pA&t=1s
> My guess is that people nowadays are gradually moving away from raw CUDA programming and moving towards things like Triton etc

Your guess is wrong. Besides the fact that there's much more to life than matmul (for which triton is just ok), the other obvious fact is that triton has exactly 1 frontend (python) and there's much more to life than that frontend.

I find that basically in every thread about low-level work there's someone making some weird comment about how triton or mojo or XYZ supplants CUDA or assembly or whatever. I can't understand how this comes about because absolutely no one working in these areas thinks XYZ is going to supplant anything. So it's invariably outsiders making these claims and I cannot fathom why any outsider would be motivated to make claims from the outside.
I'd say that having an active Github and Linkedin account is a good idea. Github to show at least something, and Linkedin to collect contacts and skill endorsements.

Endorsements may seem trivial, but if you have a boatload of managers and devs endorsing you it does lend itself to your credibility.
No they won't but okay.
Yall know there’s a popular oss project called patchwork right https://patchwork.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
Even if you did hold this silly belief that the government should subsidize all startups, startups are not the only ones building software
this backfired on me a few years ago, my nvidia shield was connected to my account and then a friend on wifi linked to it, and it nuked both our accounts. lol
Agree 100%. I have never seen the rule to be true in my 30+ year career. And I routinely work on million+ line C++ applications running large international businesses.
Is there a safety issue like fire or just a “I need to buy a new CPU” issue?
GN was quoting L1T and had an interview with Wendell about it, so it’s all the same source effectively.
Is it a deductible repair, if you aren't sure probably amortize? Ask an accountant. Either way you need to be meticulous with record keeping for hours spent on tasks, or default to amortize

It gets interesting when you think of responding to an outage. Are you "repairing" something that is broken, or "fixing" a bug and improving the software?

It's hard to analogize what we do to the historical context in which the laws were written.
> Every device gets an IP address and a DNS name and end-to-end encryption and an identity, and safely bypasses firewalls.

Tailscale can certainly be blocked on NGFW firewalls like Palo Alto. I am not a BOFH, but also can’t have random employees circumventing security policies by setting up tailscale and leaving permanent backdoors in my corporate network.

I remember the good old days when everyone had a public IP on the Internet and how easy it was to setup things. It was cool and fun while it lasted. But now things are different and security is a nightmare when we have to deal with things like ransomware.
I've only ever bought Intel, mostly because I perceived them to be more stable and reliable. I think next time, I will give AMD a try.
They can't buy anything unless Europeans are willing to sell.
Windows recovery environment and bootable USB creator in 200kb
Interesting. I bought a 13900 (non-k) in mid April this year for a new server build. It ran fine for a couple of weeks and then started randomly crashing. Having never had a cpu go bad on me before and not having another one laying around to test with, it took me a long time to figure out what the issue was. Finally, by the end of May, I had ruled everything else out and RMA’d it. The system has been running fine ever since.

I assumed I had just got a bad unit. Now I’m wondering if this might have been the cause.
Living – LongeviQuest Atlas
I don't think reasonable prices are based on what the potential maximum profit per user is. Normally it's based on the expense per user plus a percentage for profit.
I worked with Drobbins way back in like '00 on Stampede Linux. He's been doing cool distro stuff for like 20+ years now. I'm a bit sad its not fun for him anymore, but I look forward to hearing about what he tries next :-)
Don't get me wrong; I think it's fantastic!

Also, I am 100% going to write a paper sometime with a blank rectangle on the left! :tears of joy:
> Youre not deleting your repos every year.

Maybe you aren’t. Corporate America can be extremely inefficient about building software.
That seems like it could be perfect. Thanks!
AAPL's profit is roughly equivalent to the GDP of Slovakia.
The catch is that if you charge less than a small difference to your next closest competitor people will think something is wrong with it. Saw it happen many times working at an antique store for years. It was amazing how often raising prices made things sell that had been sitting there for months, or longer. You rarely want to make something too inexpensive, along with never using the word "cheap". There's also issues with trying to give something away for free. Generally people value something more depending on what they paid for it. Upscale brands like Coach and Channel exploit that aspect of consumer psychology.
I think you're making a mistake confusing the way things are today in terms of market concentration with the way things were in the past. In terms of market concentration in the US at least, things were massively different even 20 years ago.

Adding a link to the Boston Fed report on it from a couple years ago: https://www.bostonfed.org/publications/current-policy-perspe...
Sharks in Brazil Test Positive for a Surprising Contaminant: Cocaine
> You’re building software.

It gets interesting when you think of responding to an outage. Are you "repairing" something that is broken, or "fixing" a bug and improving the software?

It's hard to analogize what we do to the historical context in which the laws were written.

> The startups crying that they shouldn’t have to pay taxes until they’re bigger can deal.

The same amount of taxes get paid, it's just about when / how it is spread out. The rule change means that the youngest and smallest companies have to bear a significant burden. For these companies, the lifespan of software is much shorter, and is arguably much more "researchy" in that we are trying out lots of things to see what works.

Large tech companies like MSFT, GOOG, APPL, ... they can manage this because they have the expert accountants and cashflows to weather the change over
yeah - given his comments about hosting containers and what-not, it sounded like he has some community. I'm guessing after 20 years of doing distro's he's just looking for a new itch to scratch. Looking forward to seeing what it is..