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>Waston pharmaceuticals, one of the largest generic drugs makers in the US has total sales of $4.6B. Pfizer, one of the biggest drug companies in the world, has an R&D budget of $8.5B.

A couple of points:

First off, comparing individual companies to individual companies is pointless. I'm saying that the whole shape of the pharmaceutical industry is wrong, and if sweeping changes were made, it should be possible to increase both the number and size of generic manufacturers out there. Right now there are huge barriers to entry imposed by regulations intended to keep R&D profitable, and those barriers continue to act on existing companies with the expiration of each patent.

Secondly, you could quintuple the price of all of Watson's drugs through a tax and the drugs would cost less than Pfizer's.

>I agree that there are alternatives to the current patent system, but like democracy, "it may not be perfect, but it's the best system so far".

I think that statement is impossible to even speculate about. Yeah, we have much more rapid drug development than we used to, but that could just as well be explained by our civilization's overall technological advancement as by our obviously broken and destructive drug patent, approval, and regulatory systems.
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It is produced naturally in our body by the pituitary gland. It is mainly work as stimulate to our growth. In before 20′s the secretion is too high and most of development of our body occurs during this phase, after 30 the secretion decrease naturally and the aging process start with it. So if we continue leveling the hgh, definitely the aging process becomes slow down.
They do so using metaphor, simile, plot and character, but very rarely direct argument. Remembrance of Things Past is not the same as "nostalgia is powerful."
> I don't get it. Is there a reason for some sites to actually do that?

Yes it's to save space ...

No, wait.

It's so they don't use all the CPU power ...

No, not that either.

It's because the programmer didn't want to use their braincells.

Yeah, that would be it.
Ditto, I've been using Linode for over a year and haven't heard of this.
If the point isn't to "improve" but for each generation of humans to keep asking the same questions and to live with their own answers, what's wrong with not "improving"?
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In childhood the secretion level is high, as this time most of the body development occur. But with the age or age 30, the secretion of hgh decrease, and the human body began to aging. From that period hgh level decrease next through whole life.
While I to some extent agree with your point, it serves as a reminder to those who say Heroku/AWS/whatever is the one-stop solution to all your uptime, stability and scalability needs.

These things goes down as well, and when they do you are powerless to get your stuff back up if you rely on them to operate.
Video services provider Ooyala lands $35M from Australian telco giant
Well, they kind of are.

When OS X came out (both the Mac OS X Server 1.0 and Mac OS X 10.0 varieties), the UI might have looked different, but you were basically running OPENSTEP 5 with a new coat of paint. Haiku could do a new theme fairly easily at this point, and there are already quite a few touch-ups of the new-slab-of-paint variety (e.g., subpixel antialiasing, support for tiled windows, various improvements to OpenTracker).

The other thing that OS X brought to the table were new APIs, but most of these APIs weren't really user-visible per se. (E.g., QuickTime was a genuinely new addition to OPENSTEP, but the end-user would just see it as more videos played now, and they played with lower CPU usage.) Here, too, Haiku has delivered: it has new APIs for component layout, new APIs for end-user notifications, and more.

So your comparison to what Apple did with OS X is actually quite apropos. Be just hasn't felt a need to overhaul the UI as radically as Apple did in going from OPENSTEP to OS X--in large part because, while some of those changes were functional, many of them were more about making a statement than being genuinely easier-to-use. (Note how much OS X 10.6 and 10.7 have largely reverted to a kind of brushed-up version of the old Platinum interface: no more pinstripes, flat grey buttons in most cases, flat grey title bars, etc.) So I think they're doing exactly what they ought to be doing.
The original article (freely accessible via PLoS One):

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjourna...
I'm going to downvote this article because contradicts everything said here.
I have a bunch of programs in my dock and I still prefer to open them with Alfred a lot of the time. If using 'CMD+space, ph, Enter' for Photoshop takes any longer than using quick launch then it's only by a minute amount.
Windows, Linux, and OSX are about equal in terms of ease of driver install. That is, it either has the driver or uses a fall-back driver while it goes online and grabs a new one. Only difference is, most Windows drivers work this way because companies make drivers for Windows. There are a few too many Linux exceptions because companies don't make drivers for Linux.

If you're bringing 20 years of experience into the driver discussion, you're not giving enough weight to Windows 7, where drivers are rarely a problem. For the naive, there's generally a restore DVD/partition with all the drivers included. If you can't hunt for drivers, chances are you didn't built your PC yourself.
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I would save 2 bytes by changing

n=150,x=11325

to

n=632,x=1e6 (or similar)

This increases the board size to 632x632 and saves 2 bytes, which can be used to use onkeydown.

I suppose you only start approximately in the center, though.
While I agree that "Science has been supplanted by money and politics" is going way overboard. I'm going to take the other side of the argument because I think you are way off base. I worked in both an academic lab and a "big pharma" lab(4 years and 6 years respectively).

To say "most big pharma labs" do not have access to the literature is laughable. We had better access than most academic institutions. If we needed a paper we didn't have access to, it took a few hours to get it. The company was more than willing to pay the $50 to get a copy of whatever paper, since we would often blow $50 running one experiment. Many of the smaller biotech might have poor access to journals, but even then, if you could justify the cost, you could get it.

Second of all, yes I trust labs that are trying to recreate data to make a drug out of it. You have to remember that these attempts to recreate data were a very important data point on a potential multi-million (billion?) dollar investment in a new target, these are NOT low priority projects. They WANT the data to be true. They have zero incentive for the data to not be reproducible.

Having worked in both academic and commercial labs, I would say the incentive to "tweak" results in much great in academic labs for the following reasons:

1) Often results are never double checked in an academic lab unless the work is use in a later project. Contrast this with a pharma lab where if the data is positive, you'll have to prove it again and again.
2) Academics (both profs and students) live and die by papers, not so in academic (in fact, in the company I worked in, they preferred if you didn't publish)
3) Work in academic is often performed by relatively inexperienced ungrad and grad students, while big pharma scientists often have years of experience.
And fixed. Thanks for the heads-up.
They produce our civilization. Right now you are speaking philosophically. Why bother?
Most times that the press mention SQL, they actually mean "Relational Database Management System". But in this case, MemSQL seems to be doing two things: reducing locking semantics (the only transaction isolation level is read committed), and doing something or other to speed up query compilation.

Frankly, I can't see how their query compliation is much better than anything Oracle, SQL Server or PG does already. (see here: http://developers.memsql.com/docs/1b/codegen.html) Perhaps there is no plan cache in MySQL, or the plan cache is inadequate?

Incidentally, you don't want to use it if you need to do multi-statement transactions. Can't be done. Check out the documentation here:

http://developers.memsql.com/docs/1b/isolationlevel.html

It has a few extra tricks up its sleeve to enhance indexes in MySQL, but again nothing really particularly spectacular. http://developers.memsql.com/docs/1b/indexes.html

More interesting for me, is that it can be hosted on EC2, which is pretty neat!
And a fresh install of Windows 8 comes with only one screen of apps, no scrolling required. It only starts to scroll when you install more than the one screen can display.

So, moot point.
What cipla is doing can be considered as a legal innovation .And it seems like a legal practice that does very little damage to drug companies , and great benefit to consumers.

In a world rich with technology innovation, marketing innovation, distribution innovation(amazon fulfillment services, etc),organizational innovations(open source,etc) and manufacturing innovation the biggest barriers left in many industries are legal and regulatory issues.

There's immense value to be unlocked using regulatory innovation in education(khan academy in k-12 schools), healthcare(almost everything about it), energy(new nuclear power tech), hotels(the whole airBNB legal questions) and other fields.

Shouldn't we even try ?
Ulcers are not generally caused by diet and anxiety, but rather by bacterial infection. Anecdote is a much more compelling refutation of "common sense" than it is of empirical statistical evidence.

Statistical evidence is not misleading; it's simply the case that if you are seeking outliers, as in your example, then looking at measures of central tendency won't contain what you're looking for. Anecdote has no role in "fill[ing] out the distribution."
Most DBMS products have "Stored Procedures" which, essentially, are compiled chunks of SQL that you can call by name, e.g.

CREATE PROCEDURE foobar
AS
SELECT *
FROM users

On very large queries (many table joins) there can be a noticeable performance hit while the DBMS figures out the optimal query plans. Stored procedure compile and store this plan after first execution (some pre-compile) so the DBMS can just look it up in the cache.

It also removes the need to do runtime parsing (compiled vs. interpreted languages). There are more nuances to Stored Procedures than I can put here, but here's a link to a more in-depth analysis I wrote:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/59880/are-stored-procedur...

In general, MySQL has limited query plan cache (last I read, it was one cache per database connection and was wiped out when the client disconnected), so this is definitely a win. However, since every other DBMS out there already has robust query cache, I don't think the Postgres/Oracle/MS SQL etc. folks are losing any sleep.
My university had a big cogen plant, but it was never designed to power the entire campus (it was only able to do so at around 3 AM). Aside from providing heating and power, because it was run off of natural gas it qualifies for clean energy credits, which the university makes money off of by selling on the market.
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Yes. Babel requires emacs. Quote from the article:

<quote>
VimOrganizer also lets Vim users access Org-babel, a subproject of
Org-mode that allows execution of source-code blocks in org-format
documents. Uses for Org-babel range from writing technical research papers to
simply using a VimOrganizer document as a "language-scratchpad". Over
twenty languages are supported, including C, R, Lisp, Python, Perl, Ruby,
and others. VimOrganizer calls out to a running Emacs server for Org-babel
processing; functionality and speed are essentially the same as
when editing with Org-mode in Emacs.
</quote>

BTW, I love both org-mode and vim. My solution is to use a vim mode in emacs. My preferred one is "evil" (I recently switched from viper+vimpulse, which is also good). Evil lives here: http://gitorious.org/evil/pages/Home
I don't believe this is the case - it's not an in-memory database.

Even if it is (and I can't see anything on their developer website) then if it's ACID compliant, like they say, then it will have to be writing to the disk at some point - at the very least it will need a transaction log. Otherwise, it's not really usable for anything you need to persist to long term storage!
Sure, but I already know ZFS is stable and btrfs is less so.
As a HN non-hacker old-timer, I've read plenty of conversations about security and had a vague idea of what the heck y'all were talking about with hashes, salts etc.

But this post explained it all so clearly, I found it immensely useful to put some of the pieces together. Have already shared it with some of my even-less-technical colleagues so they too can appreciate 1) the complexity, 2) the problem, and 3) the importance of their role in setting passwords. Well written JGC!
Sharded/replicated MemSQL is in the works. And yep, the replication will be compatible with MySQL replication to enable grouping MemSQL and MySQL nodes.
I suspect the writer is just trolling

Is an article in Vice magazine. Their raison d'être is cultural trolling. I tend to like a lot of their articles, but you have to remember that they are a free magazine with a shit ton of very expensive advertising that feeds on controversy in an attempt to appear relevant to the rich bright young things that they try to court.

This is the same magazine that ran a review of the drug adderall by mailing some to a Canadian farmer and asking him how much work he managed to get done while high. - http://www.vice.com/read/farmer-v12n4 - They are not the most serious of people.
Thanks for the kind words.

For those who are interested in how to do the hash upgrade, I wrote a blog post on my personal site here: http://blog.jgc.org/2012/06/one-way-to-fix-your-rubbish-pass...
MVPs are not formulaic, as Ries put it in “The Lean Startup.” “It requires judgment to figure out, for any given context, what MVP makes sense.”
For example, if a close friend goes on and on about how the Ford he bought
was a piece of crap, detailing how the transmission failed at 30k miles
and the rear-view mirror fell off, you’ll be wary about buying a Ford in
the future, even if Consumer Reports rates them highly.

Personal anecdote: I've got a '93 Ford Explorer. It has 237,000 miles on it, and has yet to have a single major component failure. I've been waiting for the goddamn thing to die for the last 70,000 miles, so I can buy a car that does better than 13 miles to the gallon, but no dice.

Don't buy Ford trucks. They're too reliable.
MemSQL does not yet support JOINs on more than 2 tables. [1]

1. http://developers.memsql.com/docs/1b/sql/join.html
Basically I almost never use the Start menu for launching apps. All my day-to-day softwares are pinned or in the Quick Launch. If not the case typing is usually quicker than looking in the start menu.

But as I said : I "ALMOST" never use it. I don't want it to disappear.
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Yes, its not clear on their site, but the gigaom article states: "As its name implies, MemSQL achieves its fast performance in part by keeping data in memory".

Yes, it does write to disk (append only logging I think) but my point was, that if you are keeping ALL your data in memory, you can optimise the storage for fast queries, as opposed to a hybrid / paged memory and disk system.
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Excellent! Good work!

Side note: IMO, If you want to completely dominate this space, make it super easy to add new nodes and replicate the existing DB without having to take a snapshot from the master.
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I guess it depends on the story. If HN is supposed to be about startup culture and technology, the anecdote is essential to being vibrant. What is a startup if not a story whose premise is unproven?

Now if you're telling me that your sister stuck a magnet in her ear and cured her cancer, I'm not going to give that credence without some real data.

Most things on HN are not that, and a good story often compels us to think. So FWIW, I'm not downvoting contrarians, and I'm not downvoting anecdotes for being anecdotes.
I downvoted some contrarian anecdotes once, and my "downvote" button was disabled.
Laptops that split the screen from the laptop? Hardly anyone has one of these.

"Screens that support color? Hardly anyone has one of those."
Got it. I misunderstood how the hybrid part worked.
A few versions back Mac OS X changed to use the same default gamma as Windows. I wonder if that's what they're seeing.

ie, Mac gamma vs. Windows gamma, then Mac gamma vs. new Mac gamma.
It's cool, I'm interested in trying it out.

Rethink the use of Lobster as your logo/text font a bunch of different companies Including Codecademy and HireAry use it. So it's Generic at best.
Without contrary viewpoints there is always a danger of falling into overconfidence and group-think.
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I think none of that really matters until we see the price. There's a trial version and a free version of Microsoft SQL, but their full version can quickly top $20k without much effort - knowing how bad your "ouch" will be is key before I'd spend any time on the "ahhhh."
The developer of a jar can specify a Class-Path entry in the Manifest file to set up the classpath correctly. In this case, "java -jar some.jar" is all you need.

https://blogs.oracle.com/olaf/entry/jdev_including_a_classpa...
Nor transactions with more than one statement. And only read committed isolation level. [1]

1. http://developers.memsql.com/docs/1b/isolationlevel.html
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> Its statistical significance may exceed a graduate student's narrow study.

And thanks to selection bias, its external validity is likely zero. "Our HN poll found that 1 in every 10 people has founded and sold a company."
TRN article, flagged.
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Over what? The big iron DB I use is to all intents and purposes in memory in any case. The only Input requirement is to pull the data in at some point (which can be forced) and the Output requirement is to write to a logical log (which we buffer in any case). It flies.
The thing I keep thinking when I hear about windows 8 is: how should a new windows application be developed? I think it's very confusing. If I were to start an application now, would I do it for desktop or windows RT? If I create for desktop then it will look bad with windows 8, with all the start screen swapping.
Multiple interpretations can also be useful purely as a pedagogical tool though. Using a range of metaphors to tell stories around some formal concept can make it easier to communicate and understand.

That's not to say you should assume every mathematician who communicates their ideas as though the objects 'exist' in some objective sense is a platonist, or that any scientist who talks implicitly about truth when communicating about their work, is committed to a strong philosophical stance on the matter. It can be just a habit one gets into when trying to communicate.

No doubt some philosophical remarks could be made about this too, not that I'm qualified...
Given how many companies are now rushing to get API's ready, opening them up at hackathons and getting developers motivated this seems like a really big own goal.

Consumers just like nice ways to use the services they're on, developers like nice ways to integrated services into their projects. Companies like revenues from people discovering their service outside of their normal channels. So, without knowing their genuine reasons for changing the API access it seems like Netflix basically have made a really stupid decision.
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The desktop is a fallback. Same as 16-bit mode, low graphics mode, XP mode, or the Classic Mac emulator in early versions of OSX. It's not going to be in Windows RT, and it won't be in Windows 9.

Microsoft can't just up and cut all support for programs designed for the previous versions of their OS.
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I think that there's a difference between art today and art a hundred and fifty years ago and I think that it's deeper than you suspect. In the Middle Ages, scholars believed that beauty was representational. They believed that something was beautiful exactly to the degree it represented (religious) truth. The more one depicted virtue in art, the more beautiful that art was, and effective representation was just one aspect of that virtue. The purpose of art was to make this virtue more accessible to the common people.

Fast forward to the beginnings of modern art and what we have is people like Monet and Van Gogh who demonstrate that aesthetics are necessarily tied to photo-realism. This leads to an eventual explosion is aesthetic experimentation, much of who's purpose was not any expression of the 'truth' but rather experimentation for experimentation's sake. As time goes on, the art community develops a tight feedback loop which ultimately leaves behind the idea of clarity in favor of novelty and ultimately forgets about accessibility which used to be one of arts most important attributes.

Art as experimentation isn't a bad thing, but it's an attitude that is radically different from that only a century and a half ago. People of a conservative bent often miss the old attitude and you'll notice that when the Right-Wing governments of the 30's took over, the first thing they did was resurrect it. (Ironically, the Soviet Union also did this.)
Oops, sorry - I'm wrong. Actually, according to their documentation:

"By default, MemSQL runs with full durability enabled: transactions are committed to disk as a log and later compressed into full-database snapshots. The snapshot and log files are stored in the datadir directory configured in memsql.cnf. When MemSQL is restarted, it will recover itself into the state it was in before the shutdown, by reading the snapshot and log files in datadir" [1]

I missed that piece of documentation on their website. I think they could do better to explain better the advantages and how their technology works. Their product overview doesn't really tell you much of anything, except that they have an enhanced query parser. [2]

1. http://developers.memsql.com/docs/1b/durability.html

2. http://developers.memsql.com/
Query compilation works incredibly well for high throughput. If you have a lot of small transaction (OLTP) you can benefit tremendously by dramatically reducing the amount of instruction you burn per query. Lots of database vendors know that, but they don't do it b/c they often have "one size fit all" dbms. BTW you will see some changed from the big db vendors as well.

There is no plan cache in MySQL. SQL Server has it, but it's nearly not as efficient. I know, since I used to work there.

Multistatement transaction are coming. We are beefing up SQL surface area, as well as working on many more exciting things.
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> You entirely undervalue the social context of objects, including objets d'art.

A lot of people might value something because it goes against the grain of social and cultural context. Those things might be more interesting or provoke different thoughts or perspectives.
Show HN: Python Steam API interface