skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> instead of learning how to start and run a business

Because the stress and risks of running a small business as a solo inexperienced first time business owner are insane compared to a regular 9-5.

Especially if you start hiring other people, your liability then increases 10 fold as now anything can happen with them (sick leave, absenteism, low performance, sabotage, etc) but you're still bound to the same deadlines you agreed with your customers or you'll get sued for damages by them.

As an employee you have some basic rights and protections from the state on the limits your employer can squeeze from you, more or less, depending on where you live. As a contractor or company however, you don't, and can be fully liable in court for your failures to deliver regardless of your personal circumstances. Unless you know what you're getting into and have the know-how, experience, or mentorship, it's not worth it in most cases.
> Anyways; good for Ruby! Async/await just seems very faddish to me: it didn't solve any of the hard multithreading/multiprocessing problems, and introduced a bunch of other issues. My guess is that it was interesting type theory that bled over into Real Life.

I think what happened what that JavaScript absolutely necessitated the addition of async/await to avoid callback hell (due to its single-threaded mandate)... just to create a new kind of hell all of its own.

But before the long-term consequences within large code bases could be observed, the cool kids like C# & friends jumped on the bandwagon believing that "more syntax equals more better code".
I was surprised that when he bought 20 cheap "1 or 2 terrabyte" thumb drives, all of them were frauds. This was on Amazon just this past September.
What kind of machine do I need to run 405B local?
Sorry Amazon worker, but Amazon also doesn’t deserve to be in the FAANG for the exact same reason.
I'm not disappointed. This is a classic case of someone who knows nothing about a topic making confident statements that will undoubtedly spread. People who do this should absolutely be ridiculed to discourage spreading total nonsense.

And to be clear we're not talking about some esoteric subject -- this is the most basic part of how your salary is taxed by the US government.
My anecdotal experience is that Markdown usually does work better than HTML. I only leave it as HTML if the LLM needs to understand more about it than just the content, like the attributes on the elements (which would typically be a lot of noise, excess token input). I've found this to be especially true when using AI/LLMs in RAG scenarios.
I was recently wondering if people can still make good money this way, with the proliferation and noise out there of online courses.
I am going by this data: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_fer...

Countries with the highest TFR are also generally the poor ones.
The bolsheviks spared the Romanovs and their servants instead of brutally murdering them all? That is a very novel view of history.
This does absolutely nothing to compare it to violence against men. Without a comparison, for all we know, its far less than the crime against men.

Now, I am not diminishing anything stated in this article. Im purely stating this article does a very poor job of conveying how the numbers they present are statistically significant outside their immediate domain.

Isn't this just pandering?
You could prove to the type checker that you're only allowing input values that, when fed to your operation, results in outputs that remain in bounds. For example, if you're doing addition, you first check that each input is between 1 and 49, and you exhaustively handle the cases where the values are out of those bounds. Then the type checker can see that the output is always between 1 and 100.

For operations/mutations where it's more complex to validate the inputs, you could assign the result to an unbounded variable, and then prove to the type checker that you're exhaustively handling the output before you assign it to a bounded variable. For example, multiply two unbounded numbers, store the result in an unbounded variable, then do "if result >= 1 && result <= 100 then assign result to var[1..100] else .... end"
This is for just audio, though?
My trick to get decently priced computer equipment is to buy used stuff from data centers; generally that stuff will sell for pennies because their goal is to "get rid of it", not "get rid of it for a profit". Desktop network cards and switches are almost always available for very little (sometimes literally just $1 + shipping).
Show HN: VS Code Extension to skip the noisy web tools (JSON Prettify, and more)
Hi HN,

Simple online tools on the web have become unnecessary greedy. For example,

* https://jsonformatter.org/ displays 7 ads on page load

* https://convertcase.net/ had 4 ads plus a Google Vignette.

And many more sites do the same thing.

It's just noisy, which is why I created this VS Code Extension where you don't need to even leave your editor for your small web operations. I also built a Desktop app and an online version, which can be reached or downloaded at smallonlinetools.net. Both of which will be ad-free forever.

So far smallonlinetools.net has over 150 tools and I add more everyday! Give it a try and leave me a review is all I ask! Perhaps, share with your friends so we can rank better on Google!
I'm interested to learn more about these algorithms. Are there any sources you'd recommend?
You can't sign in though, that worked before. Seems like they also check from which country your Facbook/Instagram account is. You can't create images without an account sadly.
I remember this one, not only because it was bad, but it really made me angry when I got it

"Don't go into programming, you're not in Silicon Valley and life isn't like what you see on the internet, you have a good thing with your grandpa, just become a Mechanic like him"

My biggest passion in life have always been with computers, and I know (Now even with empirical experience) that I'm a horrible fit for a mechanic

But lets say I wasn't, and take it that it wasn't said in bad faith; It still enraged me that he didn't thought I'd be capable, I managed to learn and earn enough, escape my birthplace and (Sadly) The good thing my grandpa had going on went down in flames (Due to external circumstances)

It's been years and it still pisses me off, but I'm confident that he doesn't even remember that we ever talked about it
Cool, thanks for showing. Are you planning for any sort of FFI/interop in either direction? I don't see it in your TODO, but I also don't understand why you would write it in C# unless you had this in mind.
Dumb question: let’s say I am in charge of procurement for a significant amount of machines, do I not have the option of ordering machines from three generations back? Are older (proven reliable) processors just not available because they’re no longer made, like my 1989 Camry?
I work on a large multi-threaded ruby code base and it's always a pain to deal with engineers introducing the async usage in it. Most of the time these engineers don't have a grasp on what fibers are good for and we have to painstakingly review their code and provide feedback that no, it's not magical concurrency, we have a limited number of fix sized connection pools for postgres, redis, memcache, etc available in the process and fibers have to respect those limits as much as threaded code. In fact it's better if you don't introduce any additional concurrency below the thread-per-request model if you can. Only in places like concurrent http calls do we allow some async/fiber usage but even then it ends up nominally looking like threaded code and the VM context switching time saved by using fibers instead of threads is trivial. Trying to use fibers instead of threads in typical CRUD workloads feels a little cargo culty to me.

Fibers are cool and performant but usually they should be limited to lightweight work with large concurrency requirements.
Renewables will overtake coal as biggest power source next year – IEA
Yes. This is a bit reductive, but literally everything is out there for the taking -- you just have to go out and get it!

Anecdotally, I've noticed that a disproportionate amount of formally-educated people I've encountered in life are more allergic to this idea than the opposite.. I don't have any solid theories as to why, exactly, but it's curious nonetheless.
That's my thought as well... I remember using them pre-xhr web in order to send data from the server to JS, which I could then split up pretty easily on the client side. I still don't know why we are so tethered to CSV.
I've got a motherboard that will support 8!
You'd still have GP's problem of not finding any decent health insurance offered for a single-employee business. Google "adverse selection."
> I mean a SAAS that solves a boring problem for other businesses with money to spend.

Profitable software-based ideas are increasingly difficult to find. Thousands of people are exploring every niche and trying to start startups in them, which is great, but competition is fierce and unexplored niches are shrinking.

And of course, it's still not straightforward even if you find a relatively unexplored niche. Most people I see who have attempted startups had extensive family support or personal wealth from exits as an employee of a company that had an IPO.
I get that, but if you’re trying to get a job at one of the best paying companies in the world, is the stress level actually that different?

And there are plenty of examples (search on HN for them) of people running one person internet businesses and making a healthy living.
Company makes HW that can potentially harm people, if someone logs in to it remotely and turns all lights green at once. It's possible to find the vulnerability in 15 minutes of getting remote access to the device without any prior knowledge, that gives admin access to the HW. Company rejects the report based on flmisy reasons via a lawyer, threatening with a felony prosecution.

But the person finding the vulnerability and notifying the company is the smug one. :)
That's what Ractor is for, if you want full parallelization without processes.

And, yes, it's to do with a GIL/GVL. The lock is released during blocking IO, and some C extensions etc., so in practice for a lot of uses it's fine.
If they’re actually worth anything near $23B they can just go public. I’m sure they’ll be fine haha
I mean it seems every new project on HN works on Linux, but not on Windows Server. Even though, most of these apps are written in Go, python, java etc .. without any specific linux components. I have a deep experience with both from an Adminstration point.
Totally agree with other comments that a sorted array will be hard to beat. I don't see how binary search could help with the "look for the next availability" query, but even a linear search could be fast on a strong CPU with cache prefetching, out-of-order execution, etc.

A few thousand elements is still small for a computer. I would be curious to see a benchmark comparing sorted arrays of intervals against the fancier structures.
Strip-mining the ocean seems like it would necessarily be a horribly inefficient process. I'd be very suspicious of any company that actually tries it.
Completely devastating results for promoting free money. 1k a month and the "benefits" are some minor lifestyle changes.

No impact on health. Biggest spending beverages. Slightly less time spent working. Some people start budgeting (presumably to figure out how to spend the money). And black people start businesses.

There are 300M people in the US. Giving 1k to each every month is 3.6T a year. And the effects are miniscule. With 3.6T you could do a lot of things. Just reversing the trend of obesity would be a major improvement for the lives of millions.
Ask HN: Do Freelancers Dislike Client Management?
Hi Hacker News,

I have a hunch that many freelancers dislike the client management aspects of their work, such as briefing, communication back and forth, and invoicing. Instead, they would prefer to focus on the creative parts of their job.

I'd love to hear your thoughts on this. Is this a widespread issue? How significant is it? How are freelancers currently dealing with these challenges?
What do you mean by "the local inspection"? The police?
> I don't understand how Ruby added this after the fact, globally to ALL potential cpu/io blocking libraries/functions without somehow expressing `value = await coro`

In Python gevent can monkeypatch the standard library to do that transparently (mostly). I assume it works the same way except better: have the runtime keep track of the current execution (mostly the stack and ip), when reaching a blocking point register a completion event agains the OS then tell the fiber scheduler to switch off, the fiber scheduler puts away all the running state (stack and instruction pointer) then restores an other one (hopefully one that's ready for execution) and resumes that.
eBay has a person of interest program, mentioned in the larger 34mb PDF...
Maybe you can help me understand how this differs from wasm-pack?
That's how you don't have sex in your life.
In principle there's no reason you can't install this next to GRUB in case you're wary. If you're not using ZFS native encryption, and make sure not to enable some newer zpool features, GRUB booting should work for ZFS-on-root.

That said, I've been using the tool for a while now and it's been really rock solid. And once you have it installed and working, you don't really have to touch it again, until some hypothetical time when a new backward-incompatible zpool feature gets added that you want to use, and you need a newer ZFSBootMenu build to support it.

Because it's just an upstream Linux kernel with the OpenZFS kmod, and a small dracut module to import the pool and display a TUI menu, it's mechanically very simple, and relying on core ZFS support in the Linux kernel module and userspace that's already pretty battle tested.

After seeing people in IRC try to diagnose recent GRUB issues with very vanilla setups (like ext4 on LVM), I'm becoming more and more convinced that the general approach used by ZFSBootMenu is the way to go for modern EFI booting. Why maintain a completely separate implementation of all the filesystems, volume managers, disk encryption technologies, when a high quality reference implementation already exists in the kernel? The kernel knows how to boot itself, unlock and mount pretty much any combination of filesystem and volume manager, and then kexec the kernel/initrd inside.

The upsides to ZFSBootMenu, OTOH,

* Supports all ZFS features from the most recent OpenZFS versions, since it uses the OpenZFS kmod
* Select boot environment (and change the default boot environment) right from the boot loader menu
* Select specific kernels within each boot environment (and change the default kernel)
* Edit kernel command line temporarily
* Roll back boot environments to a previous snapshot
* Rewind to a pool checkpoint
* Create, destroy, promote and orphan boot environments
* Diff boot environments to some previous snapshot to see all file changes
* View pool health / status
* Jump into a chroot of a boot environment
* Get a recovery shell with a full suite of tools available including zfs and zpool, in addition to many helper scripts for managing your pool/datasets and getting things back into a working state before either relaunching the boot menu, or just directly booting into the selected dataset/kernel/initrd pair.
* Even supports user mode SecureBoot signing -- you just need to pass the embedded dracut config the right parameters to produce a unified image, and sign it with your key of choice. No need to mess around with shim and separate kernel signing.
> Similar with C# and Rust. No strong runtime, no colorless functions for you.

Zig is the exception here but not sure how well it worked out in practice.
All the important ones
Show HN: Hotsuto – Burner Email for Aggregating Newsletters with a Weekly Digest
Thanks, sounds interesting. So you create a snapshot, then let kopia process that snapshot rather than the live filesystem, and then remove the snapshot?

> I suppose if it only walked files it knew were changed it would be a lot faster.

Right, for me I'd want to set it up to do the full disk, so could be millions of files and hundreds of GB. But this trick should work with other backups software, so perhaps it's a viable option.
The 405b model is actually competitive against closed source frontier models.

Quick comparison with GPT-4o:

+----------------+-------+-------+
| Metric | GPT-4o| Llama |
| | | 3.1 |
| | | 405B |
+----------------+-------+-------+
| MMLU | 88.7 | 88.6 |
| GPQA | 53.6 | 51.1 |
| MATH | 76.6 | 73.8 |
| HumanEval | 90.2 | 89.0 |
| MGSM | 90.5 | 91.6 |
+----------------+-------+-------+
> ... they steal from others and trounce others for stealing from them.

Explain how the antitrust case or its conclusion proves the quote above?

Mozilla/Netscape had a browser that could have competed with Microsoft, they didn't litigate them for stealing. The antitrust case was about it being effectively impossible to overthrow their monopoly because of the platform being locked down.

The current crop of litigation against Apple reeks more of the Microsoft antitrust case than any Disney cases.
Intent to end OCSP service
People say this but I don’t buy it at all. If anything, it feels like the vast majority of the business world is still operating on some combination of Excel and a software program that was outdated a decade ago. The main issue is that their problems are too boring and obscure for anyone without direct personal experience to care about them.
I don’t understand the reasoning; you’d add protections if you wanted them to learn to use the APIs. You’d remove them if you wanted them to mess with the internals of each class.
Another fun Tsar Bomba fact. If you build a thermonuclear weapon’s bomb casing out of U238, the fast neutrons released by the fission/fusion reactions cause the U238 to fission, increasing the yield by about 50%, while also increasing the fallout. The Tsar Bomba variant tested was utilizing a lead casing, because the Soviets were worried that the 100MT version would kill the crew dropping it, and irradiate a significant amount of territory. It is weird to think about how the one tested was the half strength version.
I agree with you, but I also understand that some just don’t know that entrepreneurship could also yield those salaries and more. Some can’t handle the uncertainty that of entrepreneurship. Some have been entrepreneurs and after an exit do decide to work for someone else.

As for myself, I can’t wait to free myself from these chains called salaried employment. (I don’t mean to offend anyone)
Supposedly, card processors are meant to suspend accounts when they get too many chargebacks. How is that number determined? If it's a percentage of total charges, then places like Amazon/Ali* will have so many other charges these will pretty much round to zero. Also, these vendors are "too big to suspend", so chargebacks will do nothing like what they are meant to.
That is one of the most interesting ideas I read from Friedman.

I assume the administration of such a program is heavy though, but with future technological advancement and bureaucratic reform it could be possible.

The idea of replacing all welfare services with money in your hand derived from this formula is radical… and has its promise but I worry about those who rely not only on welfare for the economic side, but also the social support aspects.
Yeah, can't fix what isn't broken. I just shrugged and moved on. Never worried about it for a minute. I would definitely try something easy with zero side effects, though. Just curious if we can crack this nut. It would be way more impactful for women if it works for them.
I'm not referring about throwaway emails. I'm merely referring to email aliases.

Nobody will send PGP encrypted email to an alias email address. The email alias will route emails using PGP to your inbox.

> Sender (without PGP) -> Alias (with PGP) -> mailbox
Ask HN: Which Lisp? (Lowercase)
(Sorry that this retreads past threads … but it’s a topic that easily could have different answers over time.)

I’m working on a blog post titled “which lisp” (lower case) and am soliciting responses to hopefully include in full within the post.

What do I mean by “a lisp”?

I means a lispy language.

1. S-expressions on the surface (not as a substrate or implementation detail)
2. Homoiconicity
3. Fully specified across implementations at the level of day to day use

Decision points
In no particular order, here are some questions I think are relevant.

- Practicality for everyday to day generic scripting
- Practicality for Web apps
- Practicality for data analysis / munging tasks
- Language ergonomics
- Special sauce

What about Schemes?

For these purposes, each Scheme is considered a different “lisp” since in common use so many non-trivial packages/libraries/projects target a specific Scheme. Ease of learning/using other Schemes can be considered part of the special sauce, though.

What about Common Lisp?

While different CL implementations have special features, CL is fully specified and few significant packages/libraries function only on a single implementation.

What about lisp-over-another-runtime?

As long as the surface language has S-expressions and is homoiconic … it’s “a lisp” for these purposes.
How do you get the startup capital to do this? At least in the area where I have know how it would cost at least a million to get the space, hardware, raw materials, and employees to start turning out products. Then you would need money for marketing and logistics.
Domain-Aware Fine-Tuning of Foundation Models
https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/posts/bitcointalk/thre...
There are a lot more factors that they will be subject to in an IPO that I think they could have avoided through this deal. IPOs/Stock market has not been kind to companies that do not have great margins and the current rumor mill has Wiz spending quite a lot in infrastructure costs to power their platform (a lot of it is built on Neptune and snapshot data transfer/processing is costly).

At the end of the day there were a lot of employees up and down the organizational chart that would have been very happy with this deal. So I wish that we could see the inner workings of what went wrong.

The constant rumor mill around Wiz keeps turning, and one starts to ask if there are nefarious actions at play.
Feedback on landing page and product demo
Preparing the launch of our startup this fall semester. Our platform offers a comprehensive learning experience designed by the student and refined with AI. Would love any feedback on our landing page and thoughts on the quick video showcasing the product itself
Please submit your application in the form of an executable binary under 100GB containing an interactive agent which will convince us to give you money!
Really? You were surprised? Something too good to be true actually turned out not to be true? From Amazon no less? I'm guessing you forgot the /s at the end of your comment
Have look at Nassim Taleb’s Skin In The Game. He explores this topic at length.
> eza features not in exa (non-exhaustive):

It at least mentions it's existence (though no link or context)
Maybe violence in general could be increasing and this is only looking at a subset of the data. Moreover, YouTube for example gives a platform and profits from a lot and I mean a lot of misogynistic content. IMO all this hate will eventually reach the day-to-day life and could be causing what this article suggests.
Super cool, though sadly 405b will be outside most personal usage without cloud providers which sorta defeats the purpose of opensource to some extent atleast sadly, because .. nvidia's rampup of consumer VRAM is glacial
Yeah ok, that makes sense. Write performance is a concern, but usually the backups run when there's little activity.