skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
If we correct our thinking of these topics by seeing entropy as the distribution of potential over negative potential, "negative entropy" is potential (duh) and life organizes around the capacity for potential (the potential of existential being, which includes heat or fuel or anything else for that matter) these matters work themselves out.

Life does not "defy" entropy, we eat and shit more potential to arrange order such that our capacity for potential (which ever kind) increases or sustains.
it’s also not really a thing anymore because of the open kernel driver… at that point it’s just MIT licensed.

of course people continued to melt down about that for some reason too, in the customary “nothing is ever libre enough!” circular firing squad. Just like streamline etc.

There’s a really shitty strain of fanboy thought that wants libre software to be actively worsened (even stonewalled by the kernel team if necessary) so that they can continue to argue against nvidia as a bad actor that doesn’t play nicely with open source. You saw it with all these things but especially with the open kernel driver, people were really happy it didn’t get upstreamed. Shitty behavior all around.

You see it every time someone quotes Linus Torvalds on the issue. Some slight from 2006 is more important than users having good, open drivers upstreamed. Some petty brand preferences are legitimately far important than working with and bringing that vendor into the fold long-term, for a large number of people. Most of whom don’t even consider themselves fanboys! They just say all the things a fanboy would say, and act all the ways a fanboy would act…
So he wants to do an inverted No True Scotsman, where he handpicks successful examples to say that they're doing Agile correctly.
This question is how we get opinionated software that slowly-but-surely stops serving the user. "I don't like it" should be a perfectly valid reason for turning off a feature.
American society agrees that we cannot fix any of the problems of capitalism. They must be ignored like daddy's drinking.

We can vilify tech, though, as business's proxy. And AI makes a wonderful target. It sounds even more sinister than "algorithms."
This is exactly the sort of thing that unix old timers would have done. Funny its getting disliked cause it's microsoft
It's very odd that Safari treats extension scripts as third-party, especially when they have been given permission to access all websites and data (sound like a bug almost?).

I use and love StopTheMadness Pro. Do you know if it breaks the whole extension or only some parts of it? If so, which ones? (I don't use the copy URL shortcut for example).
I think teaching is one of the few roles that can't be replaced by AI. If you're a self-motivated learner, eager to gain new skills, then AI is perfect for you. Having a virtual Feynman coach you through a Physics course is perfect.

Most learners, the world over, are not self-motivated. The pandemic showed us exactly what children would prefer to do, when they don't have a physical teacher standing over them, which is bugger all. We send kids to school, in the hope they get some education, but the reality is that we use schools for free childcare while we work. If parents have to additionally monitor their child's learning, it breaks down pretty quickly.

I see AI being more of a teaching assistant, rather than a replacement for teachers. Having been in the education game for over twenty five years, I know the difference in impact when comparing virtual learning to in-person training.
For those without an X account:
Website: https://eurekalabs.ai
GitHub: https://github.com/EurekaLabsAI
> we are heads down building LLM101n

Kind of ironic an AI isn't building it. But that's an example of the current state of AI being more a remixer of knowlegde than a planner of actions.
They perhaps had easier access to glacial melt, aka refrigeration? There’s an exhibit in the La Brea museum that shows hunters submerging mammoth meat in shallow waters as a form of preservation
They required compromise which the Palestinians aren't capable of as a people

This is where your post veered from invective into pure and simple racism, unfortunately.
Pretty sure my statement still applies there too!
I'm not arguing that complex things will somehow become non-complex.

However, none of the human syntax of Rust includes things like :: or '. To a first approximation[1], those are the parts that people can experience as "ugly", and they are not present in the human syntax. This is what people mean when they say "sigil heavy" or "punctuation based" syntax -- things that are generally are not read out as such. This is the space where you can make arguments about beauty.

[1]: Only roughly so because your chosen human syntax still encodes some Rust syntax decisions like predeclaring generic lifetimes and types, and using "where" instead of an inline clause. Those parts of syntax can also be shuffled around for subjective values of "not ugly".
If I were to wildly speculate, I might guess that many Americans think of gender as being about presentation and experience, while "race" is almost entirely about shared experience - which, yes, is often informed by reactions to one's appearance, or lack thereof, but that's not the identifying characteristic.

So it comes across as similarly distasteful to someone claiming to be "long lost Uncle Eddie", because they saw your family through the glass at a holiday and liked what they saw - since you weren't here for a billion shared little experiences, and there's no claim that you were from the same grandparents or similar, it rings hollow and like you want something from it.
The best deep learning time series models are closed source inside hedge funds.
Thankyou. I think I submitted this a while ago as well. It must have hit the second chance pool, or there was something in my drink.
Whether they rent or sell the old house, it's available to a new family.
Telling stories about who you are seems valuable. I almost think tying recordings to specific life events might be a mistake.
I want to try my hand at development, what would you suggest to shorten the learning curve, Godot or Unity (https://unity.com) ?
You must have a good ISP.

I’ve got one too, it’s taken me 25 years to find.

https://voyager.nz/
Sophisticated reducers like C-Reduce do know things like that parens go in pairs. C-Reduce has many transformation operations, and while some are syntax agnostic (delete a few characters or tokens), others use Clang to try to parse the input as C++ and transform the AST.

Perses is a reducer that works on an AST and claims to only try syntactically valid candidate inputs. It also claims to be language agnostic, and I don't know how these two things go together. But it does work nicely for Java for me. https://github.com/uw-pluverse/perses / https://faculty.cc.gatech.edu/~qzhang414/papers/icse18_cheng...
Why just sometimes?
EU AI Act will enter into force on 1 August 2024
Did either of you ever try watching e.g. Titus?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_(film)

It's not considered one of his great plays. I enjoyed the film, sought out a solo copy of the play, which I managed to slog through. That was years ago; I don't really remember it. Still revisit the film though.
While the birth rate is currently below replacement rate, it wasn't 20-30 years ago when the now new homeowners were being born. US birthrate hit a local maximum in 2007, so that will continue to add pressure to housing demand over the next several years. Furthermore, life expectancy grew over the baby boomer population, so people are staying in their houses longer than before. Eventually we will get over this hump as the boomers pass away, and new homeowners decrease due to lower birth rate, but that doesn't help today.
It astounds me that these things do not catch on.
With the wide availability of countless drugs that impair driving (that may not even be detectable on a urine/blood panel) and obviously don’t register on a breathalyzer you absolutely can be charged with and convicted of DUI based on behavior, FST performance, officer observations, driving pattern, etc alone. Stumbling over a word or two like I do on conference calls everyday could be considered “evidence”.

Just like you can also be charged and convicted of DUI even with zeros or being under the legal limit. If you’re traveling to/from/around a bar area at 2:30 AM your driving pattern and behavior is going to be heavily scrutinized.

Just because you have an anecdotal example or two doesn’t mean it’s common either. The FSTs are also completely stacked against you. Take a high-pressure scenario, less than ideal conditions (side of the road with passing cars, dark, cold/hot, precipitation, flashing lights, etc), and ridiculous/conflicting/confusing instructions and even people who are completely sober end up providing what could appear as damning evidence.

Even professional athletes have bad days where they just can’t land a shot they’ve nailed thousands of times.

I know at least a few cops who openly admit they struggle with the tests (to the point of “failure” in some cases) in no-pressure ideal classroom training environments.

Of particular curiosity is a lot of police body/dash cam footage where the officer struggles to demonstrate/explain the tests, stumbles over reading Miranda cards, etc. Evidence where if the same observations were applied to them they could be scrutinized as being “impaired”.

Of course I’m not advocating for impaired driving, just highlighting that it’s a tricky situation overall.
It seems that this would compete with Khan Academy for a similar space. Perhaps Karpathy will aim for adults instead?
It's truly exhausting how often I read a tech article and think, "Just when you think software couldn't get worse..."
It really does seem like a small piece of tape inside the envelope would have solved the problem.
I don’t think many have read your link. It’s great. Some lines from King Lear:

The best and soundest of his time hath been but rash; then must we look to receive from his age, not alone the imperfections of long-engraffed condition, but therewithal the unruly waywardness that infirm and choleric years bring with them.

Regan replies:

Such unconstant starts are we like to have from him as this of Kent’s banishment.

Goneril continues:

There is further compliment of leave-taking between France and him. Pray you, let’s hit together.

The commentary on these lines is delightful!
Fair point, but then, what about Servo? Being based on Rust and not C++ seems like a major plus point over Ladybird, IMO.
Thanks a lot for the work you do in documenting these chips.

I am a software engineer that mostly sell fullstack skills. After reading your article on the chip that powers Montreal subway, I developed an interest in chip architectures.

I just finished these two books, The Soul of a New Machine by Tracy Kidder and Hackers by Steven Levy, they are historical books on computer design.

If you have other good reads that a web dev can use in testing the waters I would appreciate.
Eh, not really scrum/agile. These are IMO bad ways to build software, especially when taken to the dictionary-definition extreme of the process, but they're not what I'm talking about.

I'm more-so referencing e.g. Amazonian Data-Driven Decision Making. That the nature of this kind of process puts taste behind data, even erroneous interpretations of data or incomplete data, data is data and data is king; organizations quickly lose any sense of taste they may have had as decision making is predominated by data analysis. This process looks down on someone finding data to support a conclusion they want to reach, but in reality this is the only way to build great software: Starting with good taste, and supporting that taste with data, metrics, and experimentation. Cherry-picking is fantastic; instead we larp scientists.

To a similar degree, I'm also referencing over-specialization in enterprise companies. The classic Office Space bit: "We don't let the engineers talk to customers". Computers give us an effectively-infinite second-brain and effectively-infinite automation capability, if used correctly. This idea that we need a multi-disciplinary team of a dozen people to build anything, each person holding one small piece of the puzzle like a precious gem, is antiquated; it predictably leads to the vast, vast majority of all billable person-hours being spent on self-inflicted problems and context transfer. At minimum, many extremely successful companies organize themselves around multi-disciplinary individuals & vertical teams, instead of specialized individuals and horizontal teams; this is great. But, as we live through the birth of AI rather quickly gaining many of the capabilities of these specialized individuals, I think we'll inevitably see the most profitable and productive companies and teams get smaller and smaller.
What was the basic observation that disproves it?

It was a statement about a specific group of people in a specific situation. I assume most of it was based in contemporary reality.

You could probably say the same thing about other places today and be correct.

I think the part that you're missing is that it wasn't a statement about blacks in general, but a particular community of incredibly poor people with zero education. syphilis was in fact rampant in that community, and I imagine that with zero access to healthcare or even detection, they were fairly fatalistic about it. People were more likely to have it than not have it by a huge margin.
Khan Academy is more than AI/LLM courses.
Don't worry about it, I'm sure that "AI" is working on something much bigger.
Really… in Europe, all ISPs and phone companies were required to keep a log of traffic and location (for example email addresses source/dest up). This was until 2015 but I’m sure some still do
I was lucky to get to use an IBM 3090 (close to the peak of the bipolar mainframe) with the Computer Explorers troop that met at New Hampshire Insurance.

We used VM/CMS where VM was a virtual machine monitor and CMS was a single-user OS that felt a lot like CP/M or MS-DOS. (I understand CP/M was inspired by CMS) If you have a lot of developers, they all get their own OS and normally they would store their files on "minidisc" images.

Even though the experience wouldn't seem too foreign to somebody who works on the command line today, the I/O was not character based but instead buffered the way the article describes. Applications were built around a model where you program fields on the terminal which get submitted when somebody hits the send button such as the XEDIT text editor

https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zvm/7.3?topic=zvm-cms-file-edito...

which was functionally similar to the TECO editor you'd see on DEC minicomputers but quite different in implementation. (e.g. 1970's mainframe apps were similar to 1990's web form applications)

Since we had Digital right across the border in Massachusetts, schools and children's museums in my area where saturated with PDP-8, PDP-11 and VAX machines. The computer club (which met at the physics clasroom) at my high school inherited an old PDP-8 when the school got a VAX, it was an unusual system that they were planning to ship to a newspaper that didn't buy it in the end which had terminals that used an ordinary serial connection but could be programmed to behave like the 3270, we didn't have any software that used that feature until I got out the manuals and wrote a BASIC program that would send the control sequences for that mode.
There's an option for "delete cookies and site data when Firefox is closed", and you can allow sites to have persistent cookies. Also to block them from even use cookies, if that's your cup of tea, but I've found it works great this way: sites work but I don't keep logged in at every site all the time - after I close the browser window it's an instant log out for every site.
Not one that is less than a year.
you are right and you also need to include the rent equivalent, yes.

I would advise to use the rent or buy calculator: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/upshot/buy-rent-cal...

It is the best one I have found so far. Even in the ZIRP era, I couldn't find places that made sense buying based on that calculator. Nowadays it is even more clear cut that buying doesn't make sense financially (it could make sense for you if you put a ton of personal value on owning).
Taiwan rolls out draft artificial intelligence law
What's your go-to model that generally performs well with little tuning?
Does Taler uses local currency instead of its own coin? That is a better solution since I don't think creators or consumers want to use Bitcoin. I think using Bitcoin adds extra friction to process. It sounds like L402 requires buying Bitcoin in wallet.

Creators want to get paid in local currency so they can pay their rent. They probably don't want to speculate in Bitcoin. They want their income to be stable and not vary based on Bitcoin prices. They can automatically convert Bitcoin but that adds an extra step.

Consumers also want to pay in local currency. They don't want the prices to vary with Bitcoin, or their wallet to lose value.
It sounds like Andrej's ambitions stretch beyond AI/LLM courses too - but they're a natural "first course" starting point because that's where his own teaching expertise is focused.
Galaksija and Računari u VAšoj kućI: 40th Anniversary Celebration
Can you please stop posting language flamewar comments to HN? It's the kind of thing we're trying to avoid here, and you've unfortunately been doing it repeatedly.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
That and to convince the interviewee that the interviewer knows they are lying.
One thought I always had about reviving prehistoric animals is that I feel we've come to understand that animals live in a symbiotic relationship with microorganisms. Some even have specialized diets. Then there's the so called epigenetics. So besides the missing microbiota there may be other factors that are missing and can't easily be recreated.
Any openings for a 40-something career-changing educator?
From the announcement:

> The teacher still designs the course materials, but they are supported, leveraged and scaled with an AI Teaching Assistant who is optimized to help guide the students through them.

So the AI isn't expected to build the materials.
Bowdlerize as a verb literally came from Thomas Bowdler gutting Shakespeare

Ophelia was randy AF if you study her verses closer especially the "mad scene" (act 4, scene 5)

Shakespeare wrote for the groundlings
Really liked this post, thanks for sharing all the references. I actually did a similar project recently of playing a lot of classic JRPGs, but my research only culminated in a blogpost (https://snav.substack.com/p/26-analysis-rainbow-silkroad) rather than any sort of actual project -- the filesystem RPG is a very cool idea!! Would be fun to get some autogenerated fs dungeons :)
AI certainly can't completely replace teachers, but the potential gains for personal tutoring from SOTA LLMs still seem enormous to me.

And I'm not trying to make a general argument against in person training. But I think the details of how virtual learning happens matters quite a lot. AI can make it much more personalized and make tutoring relatively affordable. Don't you think?
You are right of course.... IF your metric for manageable/useable is measured only tokens per second (tok/s).

If your metric is quality of output, time, money and tok/s, there is no comparison; Local models just aren't there yet.
Finding and shooting the people publishing certain transactions is a fabulous way of censoring those transactions.
I was under the impression that with LLMs, in order to get high-quality answers, it's always best to keep context short. Is that not the case anymore?
Does Claude under this usage paradigm not struggle with very long contexts in ways as for example described in the "lost in the middle" paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.03172)?
There's heat reflective window film, a kind of foil that you stick to the outside of windows during summer (and remove and dispose of in winter). It's effective but it looks ugly as hell after a few days.
Maybe checkout https://c4model.com/
The Language of Languages
Thanks Master Ken for doing these awesome posts and participating in the Marc's youtube channel! Both amazing content!
Email issues such as this to the mods at hn@ycombinator.com

Dang often sweeps up off-topic threads (including this one, including my own comment) into a buried off-topic stub, which is a brilliant HN affordance:

<https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...>
OpenCL isn't nice to use and lacks tons of quality of life features. I wouldn't use it, even if it was double as fast as CUDA.
There's a paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00752

I haven't seen any good non-paper explainers yet.
I can help a little as I went through the same decision a while ago. In the end, I decided to buy a house someone else had built as I don't like tract housing, as it gave me a bit of the best of both worlds - I got a well built custom house, but didn't pay out the nose for it.

There are a lot of factors that play in, certainly labor, but the biggest unique costs I think were the permitting and utility tie ins. When you can bulldoze 10 acres and build 80 houses at once, the cost amortizes way down on everything, including those. When you buy land and want someone to build on it, they have to do all of that work just for your one house.

I personally don't think it's worth it to build a house, unless you already own the land, want something really custom, plan to live there forever, or just have the extra money to spend. The day after it's built, it's not worth the money you spent on it, typically. Of course, over time, that changes.

All of that said, I stepped inside about a dozen 2023 new builds across three builders, and was absolutely mortified by their build quality. Dozens of nail pops, soft spots in floors, misaligned doors, broken rafters, and even a roof truss that wasn't connected to anything on one end.
There's a certain reluctance to translate when you almost-know the language. But here's a question: how many more centuries until we will have to translate? I figure less than the 400 years now separating us from Shakespeare. Rabelais is probably more like modern French than Shakespeare is like modern English. But maybe because those are novels, and closer to typical prose overall, there are translations of his works into modern French, which are more readily accepted.

We do usually modernize Shakespeare's spelling. The gap without that is even larger: "...borne before an euerlaſting Iudge, from whence no paſſenger euer retur'nd, the vndiſcouered country, at whoſe ſight the happy smile, and the accurſed damn'd". Changing that maybe makes it seem more like modern English than it was. How much can you update spelling and such, before it starts becoming a translation?

Also, am I the only one whose Shakespeare textbooks in high school, had more footnotes than actual Shakespeare on some pages? It kind of sucks the fun out of it when even the dirty jokes need to be explained.
AI has personally tutored me about obscure, deep linear algebra concepts. It's so great to get applied examples and be able to ask why/how something works, rather than reading a stuffy Wikipedia article or math textbook.

It's been extremely effective for me, where reading a math textbook/wikipedia article seemed like too much effort, but a friendly conversation with my AI tutor was just fine.
Hopefully the AI knows whether 9.11 is greater or less than 9.9, something ChatGPT seems to have had a problem figuring out[1].

1: https://x.com/liujc1998/status/1813244909501182310
It sounded like it was working up to a C4 pitch but never got there. It bears a look exactly for this post's title.

https://c4model.com
The Moss That Could Terraform Mars
Ooh, gorgeous photos and a reasonably scientific description of the phenomenon. Recommended!