skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> At current trend its going to consume ridiculous amount of electricity for no good reason (and make some more CO2).

5 joules per token[0] * 200 tokens per query * 10 queries per day * 365 days per year = 1.014kWh

Which, going by the US's energy mix[1], means a year of someone's LLM usage would be about 0.4kg of CO2 - the same as a single cup of coffee[2]. Worth double-checking, since these are just napkin calculations and I could have made a large mistake.

If it is correct (within an order of magnitude or two), that seems to me a relatively small amount of energy. Obviously still expensive to provide for free to hundreds of millions of users, as almost anything would be.

[0]: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.03003

[1]: https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=74&t=11

[2]: https://www.co2everything.com/co2e-of/coffee
VisiCalc - the first spreadsheet - was entirely text based and people found it useful enough that it exploded in popularity and was very successful on the Apple ][ until the advent of the IBM PC when Lotus 1-2-3 came and ate its lunch.

Lotus was also text based.
When you’re responding to an article with a large amount of data and sources provided, the burden is on you to show which data is incorrect or which assumptions are too rosy and how you quantitatively arrived at those conclusions.

I’d be with you if the author was just hand waving their way to this conclusion but they seem to have done their research and used real numbers.
In this region of NY our bigger concern is visibility in the winter and at night. Our lawmakers sat down with various local community leaders to hammer out a voluntary agreement to go beyond state visibility laws.

https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/patty-...
Song melodies have become simpler since 1950, study suggests
Syncfusion Blazor TreeView is a UI component that displays hierarchical data such as a table of contents, code examples, and file directories in a tree-like structure. It is a feature-rich component, supporting data binding, load-on-demand, multiple selection, drag and drop, node editing, checkboxes, templates, and more in both Blazor WebAssembly (WASM) and Blazor Server apps.
In this satirical city builder, your convert walkable cities into parking lots
1. These companies have burned through billions in VC funding. Just breaking even won't be enough - they'll need significant profits to justify those investments.

2. We have at least one real-world example suggesting profitability is challenging. Microsoft is reportedly still losing money on GitHub Copilot, even after years of operation and many paying customers.
That's a difficult one. Here's what I would look at...

- Keyword research. What are people looking for.

- Content marketing i.e. blog posts, tutorials

- Google Ads

- A free widget, something to attract links.

- Cross posting interesting content to subreddits i.e.
design

- Youtube - creating content or sponsoring content.

- Outreach - depends on your market but maybe linkedin.

- Buying high traffic websites and integrating the content into your own site.
See also https://q2qcomics.com/comic/q2q1/
> Spoofing a CAN or ARINC429 bus requires physical access.

I worked for ages in the automotive industry. Here is the thing: They don't have just one CAN bus, but multiple, connected via gateways that function both as message router and also firewall between these busses. At least that is the idea, the reality is ... commercial software development with all the issues that come with it (see various hacks where they broke through these gateways).

Someone posted a story as part of this subthread here, i.e. if a passenger is able to access an airplane bus and issue engine control commands that actually do something, the overall security setup is utterly broken. The infotainment units in the passenger cabin requiring access to some internal bus is actually ok, but issuing flight control commands from these should be (silently?) ignored, and this can only happen if you partition the busses via such gateways, for example.

Funnily enough, in this case it also helps safety, because you can be more relaxed about the overall (software) quality of these infotainment units (decomposition effect in safety systems).
From a cosmetic point of view, almost everybody exclusively focuses on the skin to counter aging, when they should be at least as concerned with bone density.

Lots of people have perfect skin, but they still look old. Why? Bone morphology. The zygomatic bone erodes, and the orbital gaps widen. The mandible degrades and pivots down and backwards (jaw rotation). Issues like resorption are currently very challenging. Skin is comparatively much easier. Also (and besides well-known interventions like collagen, retinoids, HA, and dermarolling), Epidermal and Keratinocyte Growth Factors are already very cheap, and showing much promise.
> average people shouldn’t be assembling their own multi-kWh lithium battery packs unless they want to burn their houses down

Average goofs shouldn't be assembling their own solar system and battery setups. Even an average person will apprise themselves of the know-how to proceed safely, and are legally obliged to do so. If average person is not interested in doing that, they'll call on a professional, and in some places, that is the only legal option. But perhaps there are contradictory stats out there to show that there's a real widespread phenomenon of well-meaning Average Joes and Janes that are burning down houses with DIY batteries.
"It's hard to tell."

Did they put meetings without agenda? They are not good at communication.

Did they took decisions that impact multiple teams but never inform the teams that were not present? They are not good at communication.

Do they interrupt people when they hear things they don't like? They are not good at communication.

Do they hide important (bad) information because they are ashamed of what they did? They are not good at communication.
Would be interesting in a drone, no need for the weight of shielding
March of the Spider Orchids
the example posted in that github issue is using filter in a way that is causing its own problems.

If you generate stuff randomly, then filter out stuff matching some property, you're basically playing the lottery while generating!
YouTube eraser tool removes copyrighted music without impacting other audio
This is only of the options which are being evaluated, there are others which amount to only warning.
Fired IMMEDIATELY... what a Karen attitude.
Fields of Color, Culture, and Calm
### Introduction:
Easy to Make Rap Music With Just One Click

### Multiple Products:
1. *Rap Music Generator*: Instantly create rap music from text
- *Text Description Mode*: The advanced model generates the cover, style, lyrics, and corresponding music based on user descriptions.
- *Custom Mode*: Users provide lyrics and style type, and the model generates music based on the customized lyrics and style.

2. *Rap Lyrics Generator*: Offers multiple parameter settings to generate rap lyrics with one click.

3. *Rap Name Generator*: Creates a personalized rap name based on individual characteristics.

### Use Cases:
Ideal for rap music enthusiasts who want to generate personalized rap music based on their descriptions.

### Platform:
Web-based access

### Pricing:
New users can generate 2 songs for free. Additional song generation is available for purchase. One-time payment model with no hidden fees.
To be fair most people don't read it, they read the headline and move on, the oft heavily editorialized clickbait headline. At least there's some semblance of neutrality, on the assumption that the article is correct and the LLM correctly summarizes it.
oh what a shame to see them go!

We just made our London based 3D printers and CNC machines at hello@factory.london in a similar offering (much smaller, early days!)

If you have regular "making needs" (printing, CNC, electronics) it would be great to talk to you, our processes aren't defined yet and we can be very flexible to accommodate you.
https://news.ycombinator.com/newsfaq.html and search for 'reposts'
UXL Foundation and Khronos Collaborate on the SYCL Open Standard for C++
Inside the EU / EES we usually have minutes included.

Right now my plan, with Orange, costs 7.5 EUR / month with unlimited 5G (for real), 16 GB of data when roaming, unlimited minutes when roaming in EU/EES, and 600 international minutes in EU/EES. We do have great deals here, BTW, I'm sure it's more expensive in other EU countries.

I'd have to upgrade for another 100 minutes with US / Canada, however, I have another plan from Digi that charges per minute but that's dirt cheap.

I do have acquaintances from US with which I communicate primarily via WhatsApp, but I don't need it for my family within EU.
PBT libraries usually have some support for filtering ("if you generate a value x such that P(x), discard it and try again"), but it's frowned upon. You should only use it when you're relatively certain it's not going to happen very often. But, it's an option.

You could try to somehow be clever about how you generate the inputs: ("A" + nonempty string | "B-Z" ++ possibly empty string)

Or you could generate a string, check it for "A"-ness, and if true, fix it before running the actual test by appending some random non-empty string after it.

The three approaches might look like (in pseudocode)

1. Filtering

gen.string().filter(s => s !== "A")

2. "Smart" construction

gen.oneOf([
"A" + gen.string().nonempty(),
gen.charBetween("B","Z") + gen.string()
])

3. Naive generation + fix

gen.string().andThen(s => (s === "A") ? s + gen.string().nonempty() : s)
Show HN: A simple app to create .gitignore files
There were a couple of large scale very long outages in Texas due to very bad weather in the last few years that made the news even on this side of the Atlantic.
Yes, I came here to say this.

Full disclosure: I am helping with factory.london because it seems like such an obvious need, eg for the inventors' club I am a member of.
If you want to prove propositions at compile time, isn't it hampering not to have Turing-complete power?
Helium is quick and painless.
Government tank trucks will shortly begin distributing water. It might not be enough for a good wash, but nobody will be dying of thirst.
Police pulls over a driverless Waymo car for driving on the wrong side of road
Sometimes I think just destroying the cameras on smartphones is enough.
ST25 was a "desktop tokamak" measuring 25cm in diameter.
Also in PNW, and the price for my electricity does not change during a day.
I've read somewhere that half of googles datacenter energy consumption is ai. So I think the real numbers are probably somewhere else. Its not just about one query - its about everything that come with it, including production of hw including price manipulation (that means we [better say companies] have to produce more money [ie. make some more CO2] to even afford the hw in the first place) and soon also energy plants construction - and we can only hope thats not a coal one.

Also, there's that pesky training that is hugely expensive on electricity.

Oh dont get me wrong - there are good uses of neural networks, but the stuff that pushed so much is not that. An example of good one was nvidias sw (rtx voice) to clear up voice during calls, dunno if it exists or not.
I wonder if a situation similar to Letsencrypt could be setup in the Open Banking space. A non-profit (or something) entity with easy integration for consumers requesting data on their behalf.
i've switched to keepass right after first breach. it's not convenient to store the db on eg gdrive and sometimes it doesn't work, but that is way better than another SaaS app that will eventually leak my passwords/2fa codes.
What? They are effective and safe.
I was discussing exactly this with a coworker recently. Someone could track CVE repositories and exploit zero days massively before they are patched. Maybe we have to rethink the way vulnerabilities get reported in open source projects.
I found the most interesting part about this article how it kind of makes a direct line from UNIX’s place as a place for programmer system admins versus professional services-driven servers.

These people at Microsoft knew that they’d wipe the floor with the professional services folks by getting that professional services cost out of the picture by providing the small UNIX-like toolbox to do sysadmin work via automations.

Of course, PowerShell being API-based instead of file-based was what came out of that.

It’s interesting because what has survived has essentially been Windows and UNIX (via Linux being able to drop all the proprietary baggage of UNIX solutions). Everything else that was built to sell professional services is dead.
The one book I recall that 'bit and stung' as I think Kafka meant to say was 1984. How would you categorize that work? Torture porn?
And that makes plurality voting different from ranked voting where the voters can submit arbitrary preference orderings. In any case, as I said, the Arrow theorem doesn't apply to plurality voting, as there can be no cycles in the aggregate.
Cleve is a legend. The IndieGoGo campaign video is worth a watch for a good laugh: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDyXSCd2Lp0
Spreadsheets have a much wider acceptance and lower threshold to pure data.

This is a poor man's excuse for not liking excel.
It is indeed possible to make a nice container that contains a program, offers a clean interface to that program, and doesn’t package a whole pile of largely irrelevant, guaranteed-to-be-quickly-outdated crap with it.

But being possible doesn’t mean that anyone does it. Most containers I’ve ever seen are big messes. Possibly GPL-violating messes if the payload isn’t appropriately licensed. Certainly maintenance and provenance disasters. Unquestionably not reproducibly buildable and possibly not buildable at all.
FTC Ban on Noncompetes Delayed by Texas Judge
But they said:

> Despite all this, we feel that the field on machine learning in general remains an exciting one and may lead to features that are actually useful. In the future, we hope that it will allow us to bring good privacy-respecting features to our users with a focus on improving discoverability and accesibility.
Quick question: do you develop for prototyping boards or do you write firmware for OEM devices?

I have never encountered a single project where we had to do firmware for an OEM device where developers didn't struggle with Zephyr. Not once. Nor have I actually met any of those mythical developers that do actual firmware work on shipping products who think Zephyr hardware abstractions actually help. I'm not denying they exist. I just haven't encountered any in the past 5 or so years.
Aren't the waves in the walking droplet experiment transverse waves, that do have polarization? Polarization is a property of waves, not particles.
https://www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=Area+Germany+*+1+kW%2Fm...

Germany alone, using PV alone, has the potential to supply the entire planet's electricity demand 3.5 times over, even when using medium efficiency cells and also accounting for their capacity factor.

Meeting just Germany's own domestic demand purely with PV would take 0.8% of the land area: https://www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=%28%28514.6e9+kWh%2F1+y...

This is about a tenth of the land area that's already been built on: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lan_lcv_ovw/d...

Also, this ignores the ample German wind resources that currently supplies a bit over twice as much as their PV, with all renewables collectively being 52% of Germany's gross electricity production: https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Economic-Sectors-Enterpris...

Of course, the people doing this might have simply not believed that any of this was possible, and had some villainous scheme in mind that accidentally went wrong in a way that gave everyone else substantial benefits — I've still not seen "The Mouse That Roared", but I'm aware of the plot and have that in mind.
An unresolved difference between action and belief isn't in itself hypocritical though. In fact the whole part of the article about dealing with rationalizations is basically an attempt to avoid being hypocritical by facing that conflict. Someone can be at odds with capitalist production but still have to live within that system.
There's 70 plants, it's unlikely something would happen to all of them at the same time.
>Apple should be stripped off this power.

The article is about the app store, which apple obviously should have control over. A company can not operate outside the laws of the country it is operating in.

This issue is separate from Apple having a monopoly on app distribution (outside of the EU).
An A/C may also operate rather more efficiently when it’s modulated down than when it’s running at full blast.
(2014) [0]

[0] https://web.archive.org/web/20141013021330/https://web.stanf...
Alternative:

Build glow [1,2]for $10. Hook it up to homeassistant for the price of an old laptop. Measure any and all interesting plugs using an athom [3] smart plug.

Zero cloud. Good data & charts.

Good fun.

[1] https://glow-energy.io/

[2] https://github.com/klaasnicolaas/home-assistant-glow

[3] https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006078553282.html
Even though this scenario is suggested quite often, it doesn't make it good. Overtaking does not grant you a permission to speed. Also, while it's probably easier said than done, you should not succumb to the sunk cost fallacy and simply use the other pedal at your disposal.
"many nato Countries could launch direct attacks into main Russian cities, but something politically keeps this from happening"

Like fear of 6000 nukes? Nothing was stopping them from attacking Serbian cities.
> C sequence points are arbitrarily imposed [and] not linked to any evaluation causality.

That’s exactly my point. Writing g >>= \x -> h >>= \y -> f x y is like writing (x = g(), y = h(), f(x,y)), with an arbitrary ordering between computations g and h that the programmer is forced to choose, whereas f <$> g <*> h is like f(g(), h()), with no ordering between g and h imposed by the applicative model itself, similar to the absence of a sequence point between sibling arguments in C.
Where does all the brine go currently? The countries most dependent on desalination currently at least seem to have plenty of desert space available to dump it, but I do wonder if it might reach volumes that are difficult to manage once desalination becomes more widespread.

Though perhaps dumping it back into the ocean is the correct thing to do, because the extracted fresh water will eventually also stream back into the ocean via the normal water cycle.
Let's Build a Simple Interpreter. Part 1
Earthly feature: disabling internal labels
Reducing dependence on technical infra doesn't always work out either; the story of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lykov_family suggests that for any long-term attempts at autarky, N should be >6. (how much greater?)
Nature article: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-60802-3
“HumanProgress.org is a project of the Cato Institute“
> his game was influenced by a video called "Give Yourself the Green Light," a pro-car propaganda film created by General Motors in 1954. You can see it here on YouTube, where it speaks in almost reverent tones about lane after lane of gleaming highways stretching as far as the eye can see

Wow. I knew that the plot of "Who Framed Roger Rabbit?" was inspired by GM's streetcar conspiracy [0], but apparently Judge Doom's passionate speech at the climax of the movie has also been inspired by something from GM?

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_streetcar_consp...
There is no lack of natural drinkable water and never will be. But it's an important agenda to convince people that there is. Why? I don't know, probably for power over other people.

I'm from a pace where there's an absurd amount of naturally occurring clean water and even there they are pushing this false agenda.

If people decide to live where there is no water, that's not a global problem, that's a people problem.
Don't get me wrong, I'm a diehard Linux fanboy. But there are some things that I can't deny.

- As long as desktop problems are only solved if it happens on Linus' current machine and he complains about it, Linux will remain an inferior desktop system compared to Mac and iOS, and the year of Desktop Linux will remain a dream.

- I couldn't agree more with you about the importance of privacy. However after installing any single distro I have tried, the first thing they do is to phone home, and then immediately try to update the system. Some distros need this phone-home to be disabled at 3 or 4 places (in the DE, then in some syanptics or similar manager, then there are also some odd automatic cron jobs, and I haven't even started about flatpak...). This is the single most irritating thing for me - they don't even ask if they can phone home. Sure, maybe not as bad as Windows/MacOS, but that's not a high bar.

- I haven't used Windows for more than a decade (last experience is from early Windows 7 era), but I remember that even back then there were 2 important MS things: Visual Studio and the MSDN documentation. I definitely missed both of them for a while after I switched to Linux. To this day there is nothing in the Linux ecosystem that would match the quality of either from 10+ years ago. While I write code on Linux for a living (though mostly OS-independent things), and Windows just became an abusive pile of crap, I wouldn't call Windows a bad platform for development (but gotta stress once again my possibly outdated experiences).

- Of course OSS has a huge advantage: if you find a bug, and you are missing a feature, you can just make the necessary changes on your own. This is its disadvantage too: sometimes you want to use the system as a tool, instead of tinkering on it.

Firefox became a follower years ago, it is trailing Chrome. And every day it gets more common that some websites simply say that they don't support Firefox... and I don't even want to start ranting about the hostile default settings. I do actively maintain a Firefox layer for Yocto since about a year, and the biggest painpoint at each updates are patching the browser to use some sane defaults, instead of for example deleting the user profile because it doesn't like the current date... of course users rarely notice this fortunately, unless something goes bad during packaging.
If you have some particular examples to tell, I'd be happy to read them.
If I understood it correctly, it was that the compiler suite shipped with newlib, which have or can have printf supporting re-entrant use (several threads can call printf in async manner), or not supporting that case (typically sync usage, blocking across I/O). The re-entrant ones use malloc/free for, iiuc, a per-thread buffer.

In many cases when you have smaller systems, you actually don't want your OS to do dynamic memory allocation, since it opens up for all kinds of bugs related to eg double-free, or use-after-free, or running out of heap, or too defragmented heap.

It's also easier to calculate memory usage (and thus be fairly certain it will be enough) if you allocate as much of the memory as possible as static memory. Hence why some coding standards such as MISRA-C disallows use of dynamic memory allocation.

Exactly what caused the lock-up here isn't delved deeper into, but it might be that there was not enough heap, or not a working malloc-implementation linked into the compiled binary (could be a stub), or could be that a non-re-entrant printf was linked in while they tried printf from several threads.