skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Several accounts of how he originally defined his scale exist, but the original paper suggests the lower defining point, 0 °F, was established as the freezing temperature of a solution of brine made from a mixture of water, ice, and ammonium chloride (a salt). The other limit established was his best estimate of the average human body temperature, originally set at 90 °F, then 96 °F (about 2.6 °F less than the modern value due to a later redefinition of the scale).

Nothing beats scientific accuracy and thoroughness, right? So it then actually ended up being tied to water as well:

> For much of the 20th century, the Fahrenheit scale was defined by two fixed points with a 180 °F separation: the temperature at which pure water freezes was defined as 32 °F and the boiling point of water was defined to be 212 °F

(from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit)
> I cannot say no to cheap compute for some reason.

I sympathise - for me I think it comes from growing up with early generation PCs that were expensive, hard to get, and not very performant; now you can buy something that's a supercomputer by comparison for almost nothing. Who can resist that?! I'll think of something to do with them all eventually...
I mean, if i were an anti-trans, it would be actually the perfect tool - you harm the reputation of trans/lgbtq+ people by being abusive in their name and also get personal benefits by removing opponents from "your" project. win-win.
No fireworks do not just fade away. The microplastics released into the environment take extended time periods to degrade, impacting lives for generations. The millions of animal deaths annually are forever. The shortened lifespans from the smoke caused by fireworks also is permanent.

BBQs aren't killing animals and releasing microplastics nor toxic smoke that pollutes the air nationally.
> What am I missing here? From unrelated code, I want to call `get_ip_via_stun_or_timeout(hostnames: &[String], timeout: Duration) -> Option<String>`, is what I'm missing that I need to wrap this state machine in another to pass it up to the level above? That I need to essentially move the who-must-implement-the-event-loop one level up?

Essentially yes! For such a simple example as STUN, it may appear silly because the code that is abstracted away in a state machine is almost shorter than the event loop itself.

That very quickly changes as the complexity of your protocol increases though. The event loop is always roughly the same size yet the protocol can be almost arbitrarily nested and still reduces down to an API of `handle/poll_timeout`, `handle_input` & `handle_transmit`.

For example, we've been considering adding a QUIC stack next to the WireGuard tunnels as a control protocol in `snownet`. By using a sans-IO QUIC implementation like quinn, I can do that entirely as an implementation detail because it just slots into the existing state machine, next to ICE & WireGuard.

> At this point if I think I want to write a library that supports both sync and async use cases it feels like feature flags & separate implementations might produce an easier to understand outcome for me -- the sync version can even start as mostly `tokio::Runtime::block_on`s, and graduate to a more performant version with better custom-tailored efficiency (i.e. busy waiting).

> Of course, I'm not disparaging the type state pattern here/using state machines -- just that I'd probably just use that from inside an async/sync-gated modules (and be able to share that code between two impls).

This is what quinn does: It uses tokio + async to expose an API that uses `AsyncRead` and `AsyncWrite` and thus fully buys into the async ecosystem. The actual protocol implementation however - quinn-proto - is sans-IO.

The way I see this is that you can always build more convenience layers, whether or not they are in the same crate or not doesn't really matter for that. The key thing is that they should be optional. The problems of function colouring only exist if you don't focus on building the right thing: an IO-free implementation of your protocol. The protocol implementation is usually the hard bit, the one that needs to be correct and well-tested. Integration with blocking or non-blocking IO is just plumbing work that isn't difficult to write.
Much of what HR used to do seems to be automated away and they seem to be glad that it was. Every company that I've worked at for the last 20 years HR doesn't manage your payroll or deductions or any of that they have a system you log into and you do it yourself. Along with all the other benefit styles systems they are not something they manage individually anymore they have outsourced it.

Most of the people that I see who are attracted to HR positions or are in current HR positions remind me very much of that high School click of kids that thought they were better than everyone else, but they didn't have any tangible merits or reasons for this self-belief, and for some reason everyone wanted to suck up to them. So HR seems to be this popularity contest people that are meant to resolve interpersonal disputes that arise from work but those disputes don't get solved on any kind of merit. Those disputes get solved in one of three ways usually; by the popularity of the persons involved, the dei initiatives that the company needs to adhere to or, the person who cried first. There's nothing about merit or an unbiased investigation or attempting to truly resolve things. HR seems to want to put together yoga and wellness classes and other nonsense because they literally lack any other job function in the company now because it is all outsourced.

There are of course exceptions but those exceptions are becoming quite exceptional nowadays. I am not a fan of AI but with as bad as most HR is at any company I've worked at replacing it with AI I would literally notice no difference.
> So this is basically writing to the terminal as if it's a six pin dot matrix printer?

Yes, if that dot matrix printer could then also select any color you like. Sixels can do full color images.

> Are Sixel images actually used very often these days?

No, but support and use of them is increasing, not decreasing as one might expect.
Well Juncker said yesterday that UK can rejoin in a two centuries - maybe. EU leadership is against letting them back in, so I don't know where get that 'in a heartbeat'.
I’m curious about the scenarios that Powershell used to work for you in, and what tooling you’ve moved on to. Do you use something else for Write-Once-Run-(Nearly)Anywhere type scripts?

I primarily write Powershell Core scripts for scenarios where I need to execute the same commands on a variety of operating systems, and I know that the script is likely to be maintained by your “typical” sysadmin (highly technical, but not a programmer)in an environment where installing runtimes for programming languages is discouraged. I switched to macOS as my daily driver about 2 years ago, so PS fits these scenarios pretty well, and Powershell Core updated fairly regularly. Sure there are annoying bugs and misses with the built-in and add-on MS modules: networking cmdlets are an almost total miss, Get-LocalGroup (and maybe other commands?) is totally broken on some AzureAD-joined machines, and the Azure and MgGraph Powershell modules still don’t have enough coverage to move on from the legacy Windows Powershell modules (or even to rely on just one of them, for areas they supposedly cover). But overall I’ve been pretty happy that 99% of the time I can write a powershell script once, and it will run on any machine with Powershell Core, in a consistent way.
Culture correlates strongly with nationality, you are throwing away a very powerful tool just for an ideological reason.

And no, often it is too late once you have already made the mistake, first impressions matter and you massively improve your chances if you take their nationality into account. Sure they might take your nationality into account and adapt to you instead, as you say that often works for you, good, but some people actually wants to learn to adapt to others.
Surveys come to mind as another scenario where standardization is practical but hides a lot of individuality.

For any survey question, asking the participant “why did you choose that answer?” could reveal interesting information. Maybe they interpreted the question in a surprising way?
In TNG we see Barkley get addicted to the holodeck and use it to play out fantasies with female members of the crew. Through the episode we end up learning that Barkley escaped to the holodeck because he was having problems and not being fulfilled in his real life.

There was a similar episode of DS9 where Nog gets addicted to the holodeck due to war trauma.

The central take of the show is that real life is better for these people in this future communist space utopia and the only reason why you'd go to the holodeck is light entertainment, physical training, or if there's something wrong with your life that needs fixed.
Well, I have watched 5 episodes so far, still waiting for the twist. So far I think the Acolyte is pretty dull. My girlfriend checked out after episode 3. Your comment fills me with hope!
Looking up history for context while reading The Baroque Cycle? That's like looking up spoilers!
While I've never used C#, I agree with you. I've moved more and more to compiled or interpreted languages versus CLI tools for maintenance and administration.
That happens. I've once foolishly linked brochure page for a trash-found HSM on social media, supposedly that logged too many referrers server side, and the URL was mis-configured into something else less than a day later. It wasn't even a 404.
The overhead to do the conversions to and from your preferred format on the CPU isn't really significant enough to impact performance. And even on highest quality DACs, you're really only getting 22 bit integer precision out of the ADCs and into the DACs regardless of how the samples are represented. And on cheap ADCs and DACs, it's common to get only 10 or 12 bits of signal to noise ratio.

Totally agree though, that 16-bit isn't enough for guitar effects.
Huh I always found that to be the opposite. PowerShell is clearly designed to be a programming language not an interactive environment.

E.g. 'wget' exists but run it on its own and it doesn't save the file to disk or print it out, it prints an object as a table, which is about the most useless output possible. I know why this happens but that doesn't make it helpful.

Reading about the dysfunction inside Microsoft makes it clear why it ended up this way though!
How to implement a left join in Route53?
Apple starts removing VPN services in Russia at its request
@justk The R^2 value of 0.01 calculated on that webpage uses both states, not just one: the variance of the predicted values across both states is 0.55^3+0.45^3 - (0.55^2+0.45^2) ≃ 0.497 ≃ 0.5
I don't think it makes sense to use a mixed model in this case since the variance is the same for each state. A mixed model is used when the observations have some structured heteroskedasticity, i.e. different variances for different values of the independent variables.
Make the company 100 millions and you are lucky to see more than 10k of it.

If you believe otherwise I would question your real life experience.
React doesn't define any standard ways or libraries. You can still create any sort of mess you want.
> All they got in exchange was a failed referendum on alternative voting

Which was sabotaged by the Tories reneging on promises they made to the Lib-dems, and the campaign against it led by Dominic Cummings, using the same "lets spend the money on the NHS instead" lie that he re-used for brexit.

The irony that passing this would have potentially saved them from destruction at the hands of Reform UK (and indeed avoided Brexit altogether) is an added delicous irony.
While you are correct, I think they were saying it would be nice to turn on Google Maps directions and then use the same app on the same phone to do research without disrupting the current navigation.
My Gold Prospecting and Mining Pages
Any idea of how many bits of signal to noise ratio you're getting? It usually takes pretty careful board design, extra ground planes on the board, and awkwardly large capacitors to clean up power supplies in order to get more than 10- to 12-bits of signal to noise ratio.
I think there is a limit. If it's a topic you can look things up about (Maybe something technical where you haven't read the prerequisites.). The initial example from the article is interesting, in that you can learn so much about history with the looked-up context, but you can still follow and enjoy the books without it - you will just not know which characters and events were real! I think you will probably remember the history better this way with a fun story-context than wrote memorization, which I believe is a point of the author.

Some material, I feel like I am too stupid for, or my brain is wired so differently from the author I will never make sense of it. Examples: Gravity's Rainbow, and parts 2 + 3 of The Divine Comedy. (Granted, the latter is full of parts where looking up contexts and references will help, but I am not sure what to do with the former; there are rare sections where I can gain a purchase on events transiently, but it mostly passes through without absorption for reasons I don't understand).
Could you please share how you went about configuring your Apple devices to automatically switch to VPN?

Thanks!
This is how I feel about most HN posts.
Probably meant to link to https://www.economist.com/leaders/2024/07/04/why-biden-must-...

but outside HN realm of interest
Yes. Then buy another phone for up to 4 extra maps.

At this point paper maps start looking more useful than digital ones.

Google Maps is not a map. It's a half-decent nav system slash ad delivery vector, that pretends to be a map, but sucks at it.
"easily" you say?
Oh cool, and it looks like it can also decrement by 1/2/4/8.

> After the byte, word, or doubleword is transferred from the memory location into the AL, AX, or EAX register, the (E)SI register is incremented or decremented automatically according to the setting of the DF flag in the EFLAGS register. (If the DF flag is 0, the (E)SI register is incremented; if the DF flag is 1, the ESI register is decremented.) The (E)SI register is incremented or decremented by 1 for byte operations, by 2 for word operations, or by 4 for doubleword operations.

https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/lods:lodsb:lodsw:lodsd:lod...
PowerShell isn't quite a .NET language, and you can't really write serious .NET software in PowerShell. But if you need to access the power of .NET (or heck, COM) from a script or an interactive shell, PowerShell lets you do that.
Many of these pitfalls are not the shell, but external programs (sed, xargs, grep, etc).

I know it ends up in the same terminology bucket for the public consciousness as "CLI stuff", but there is a separation and understanding this separation is crucial for writing good sh.

The problem actually lies in bash+coreutils being some sort of de-facto standard for command line stuff. The way bash+coreutils evolved was mostly for autotools and not for humans. This ecosystem could be much better.

PowerShell has more builtins, so it relies less on external commands, therefore it is less vulnerable to pitfalls due to mismatches between different programs.
That must feel pretty good. Congratulations!
Get-ChildItem, Select-Object, Where-Object, Sort-Object or anything that is operating on a collection feel very natural. Often times I'm piping Get-ChildItem into sort to find the most recently created file in a directory.
The fact that it requires slowly changing over years is a sign of getting stuck no?
We can theoretically slowly migrate anything. But when effort > X, we consider it being stuck.
>> getting these synthetic noises banned.

Not possible. Db limits are one thing, but a content-based rule would be akin to banning certain types of music.
It's a foot gun, and the behavior is often surprising until you get used to it and sometimes after, but Powershell would be very painful to write without it. Basically all functions return a list in Powershell, including all user-defined functions, so you'd need to unwrap singleton lists all over the place.
Still legal in sixteen states!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AzAFqrxfeY
Out they can just release all the songs they’re proud of. Some fans will prefer the deep cuts.
There's no good IM – Open IM is failing
Sometimes I see threads here on HN related to the occult or the very weird spaces psychonauts explore and I forget the audience I am talking to. I generally have to compartmentalize; this is the kind of stuff I talk to in other communities, forums, and private Discord channels, not here. I would have thought other lucid dreamers here would have encountered this kind of stuff, but I guess not. What I said here is relatively tame compared to the weirdness you can get diving into this.

Put it this way, permaculture is weird for all but a minority of folks here, even if it stays within the bounds of known science. This stuff with consciousness is the kind of hill people die on.

I don’t know if you really want to jump into this rabbit hole. There are many entrances, and given the reception, I am reluctant to speak further. But if you are really curious, Hank Wesselman’s work can be a good starting point. One of his books specifically talks about “reenchantment”, in reference to the disenchantment of the scientific inquiries of the 19th century that lead us to our modern worldview.
... which are almost never used in voting for governments.
Of course it is. PC explodes -> download the cloud copy.

Not to be relied on by itself, but it absolutely qualifies as a backup.
<< That's one of the reasons I would like to have a more algorithmic society with human in the loop calling the final shots and placing the rationale on top. An algorithm will have human and institutional biases but in some sort, you can explain part of it and fine-tune it; a human making the final call on top of a given option would need to explain and rationally explain its decision. At best a human actor will use logic and make the right call, at worst it will transparently expose the biases of the individual.

I will admit that it is an interesting idea. I am not sure it would work well as a lot of the power ( and pressure to adjust as needed ) suddenly would move to the fine-tuning portion of the process to ensure human at the top can approve 'right' decisions. I am going to get my coffee now.
When I wrote "In this case it measures the relative reduction in MSE" I meant exactly that.

The mean squared error of the baseline model which doesn't include the state as a regressor is 0.25 (it predicts always 0.5 - it's off by 0.5 in every case).

The mean squared error of the model which includes the state as a regressor is 0.2475 (it predicts 0.45 or 0.55 depending on the state - in both cases it's off by 0.45 with 55% probability and it's off by 0.55 with 45% probability).

The mean squared error is directly related to variance when the predictor is unbiased. The ratio of the sum of squares is the same as the ratio of the mean square errors.

Edit: http://brenocon.com/rsquared_is_mse_rescaled.pdf

"R2 can be thought of as a rescaling of MSE, comparing it to the variance of the outcome response."

https://dabruro.medium.com/you-mention-the-average-squared-e...

"Also it is worth mentioning that R-squared (coeff. of determination) is a rescaled version of MSE such that 100% is perfection and 0% implies the same MSE that you would get by simply always predicting the overall mean of the dataset."
I continue to flag BBC articles on HN due to their low quality and irrelevance to the site.
Honestly I love Powershell and run it on Linux or OS X. Being able to access fields instead of having to play with `cut` to get the data I want is priceless. Just feels cleaner and more maintainable.
Public GitHub Discovery Raises Concerns About DoD Communication Security
If only those things existed that have a name, the world would be a pretty small and boring place. Also, that would be a world entirely defined by humans, and that just doesn't make sense.
Thanks for your reply.

The Halmos book is on my to-read list for some months. Will bump it!

I also started reading the Cheng book, but I did not finish it either.

Let me know the name of the Diff. Geometry book when you remember it.

And wish you the best on your plans of circling back.
It's used to store and retrieve your 2fa secrets in case you lose your device
Show HN: Rent Elderly People – Skip Lines and Get Senior Perks
First of all, of course, this is a joke. But... what if it's not? What if it really makes sense? Take a look and let us know what you think!
Great!, then I'd rather my app be a littler slower for those people if it saves me money. If the latency is not noticeable, why pay more to have that edge hosted.
I think this is why ship it and iterate fast is often the best path. There will be deal breaking bugs in any software project. If your accounting package doesn’t account correctly, you probably shouldn’t just ship it. But if one of the reports displays twice for some reason, users can probably deal with it until the next iteration as long as that next iteration isn’t months to years away. But the reality is you wont even find what most of the “bugs” your users will encounter until it’s out in the wild with real users. And unless you ship it, you’ll not get to work on the bugs your users are actually impacted by.
>Yes. It does so trivially

>but in the process it breaks the CSS for larger screens.

So, no, it doesn’t fix it trivially. Also isn’t correctly sized on iPhone 11 Safari.
God fucking damn it.

"User privacy" my ass. This is a pure lock-in play.

Sorry for the swear words. Reddit was _the_ way I got honest reviews about restaurants, products, and damn near everything, but their search engine was horrible and the platform is very clearly built to drive engagement.

I hate what the Internet has become. I guess it's time to go through the book list I've accumulated over the years.
HN is all about everything that impacts engineers in our work lives, and home lives. Did you know fireworks cause microplastics levels to spike in your environment leading to endocrine system hormonal damage in your family? I bet not.
> Does anyone know WHY they did this?

That sounds like a classic case of software trying to be "too clever," nine times out of ten of which will invariably backfire.

As a software developer, one should always resist the temptation to make their software "too clever."
Jeremy Clarksons new venture exposes the demise of the great British pub
> It looks like an ordinary weak economy, the kind you get from time to time.

The real question is, can they get out of it? It's one thing to do it for a few years, but, if nothing else, they can't afford to run current budget deficits forever, and they don't have _that_ much scope for increasing revenue other than growing the economy. And really that deficit is with spending lower than it should be; public services are really struggling at this point.

Like, in some sense it is an ordinary weak economy, but self-inflicted; the government's own office of budget responsibility reckons they've sacrificed 4% of GDP in the long term. For a developed economy, that's not a small hole to climb out of.
> I tend to write in a half dozen languages daily

6 languages per day? Are they the same six the next day?

> they all suck in their own special way.

Not surprising if you're writing 6 different languages per day.

> Haskell excels at using computers to compute something

Can you please explain how Haskell computes medians more elegantly than say C?