skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
They do both.

Broadly, Large Language Models (LLMs) are initially trained on a massive amount of unfiltered text. Removing unpleasant content from the initial training corpus is intractible due to its sheer size. These models can produce pretty unpleasant output, because of the unpleasant messages present in the training data.

Accordingly, LLM models are then trained further using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). This training phase uses a much smaller corpus of hand picked examples demonstrating desired output. This higher quality corpus is too small to train a high quality LLM from scratch, so it can only be used for fine tuning. Effectively, it "bakes in" to the model the desired form of the output, but it's not perfect, because most of the training occured before this phase.

Therefore instruction inserted at the beggining of every prompt or session are used to further increases the chance of the model producing desireable output.
1. I recognized that many times I answer in a way that's more to entertain me, than actually useful for my discussion partner.

2. It clicked some time after reading "Never split the difference" by Chris Voss. A negotiation book.

At first I understood that I'm listening to understand what my counterpart really wants, that is not saying directly.

An example (I won't remember this correctly and am oversimplifying) was with a Filipino terrorist who was justifying his actions, and the taking of hostages, due to decades of USA injustices to his country. He was asking for a massive amount of money. Turns out he let the hostages go when the negotiator acknowledged what the terrorist was upset about - something like "I understand that you're upset because the USA did X, and they did Y, and Z, etc"

So by that the book made it's point that I should actually listen to what people are saying, because I myself don't understand immediately what I want while I'm talking, so as to tell someone "I want X".

Another example the drove that point home - The author and his son were preparing for something and he asked for a notebook. But the son was giving him a folder, because in his head a notebook is like a folder. And it goes something like:

Chris Voss: Give me the notebook about the thing.
Son: Gives the folder.
Chris Voss (frustrated): Not the folder, the notebook!
Son: Notebook?
Chris Voss: 3 ring binder.

Video of him explaining: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcSxpdj84hs

Finally, after about 6 months what really made it click was the part on how to listen on his appearance on the Lex Fridman podcast: https://youtu.be/8EguLJgkc54?t=1307

What drove the point home was his experience starting up at the suicide hotline.

He learned to listen in a way to help the other person untangle their minds.

So basically rubber duck debugging. And that's what I try to do now. I always think like I'm assisting people untangle their thoughts and what they want to say. This helps me also ask questions and not assume anything. And I think I get some dopamine when I ask a good question and they elaborate, because my goal is to learn more about what the other person is talking about, which makes me listen more.
The Pico SDK has a plugin based stdio, they give you two implementations: UART and USB CDC, but you can add new ones by implementing a few callback functions. The UART plugin provided with the SDK can be disabled and replaced, the default implementation is very simplistic and will block.

The USB CDC version is much faster but may not always be appropriate for your project.

I implemented one that uses a buffer and an interrupt to feed the UART in the background, and then I disabled the plugin the Pico SDK provided. I'm not using an RTOS.

The SDK example [uart_advanced](https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-examples/blob/master/uar...) [github.com/raspberrypi] shows how to set up UART interrupts using the Pico SDK
Lots of outdoor gear brands are now selling repaired or refurbished used gear and clothing. Since used gear is pretty eclectic in selection it’s hard to find what you want by browsing at a random time.

I built a pretty simple web app that tracks a bunch of vendors and emails me when items matching my filters come in stock!
But with several math errors, which make him off by a decade. He multiplies by 1.59 annually and gets a 25X increase in total battery in seven years. That actually takes eight years, but whatever. Then he says that's eight doublings, but eight doublings is a 256X increase. That would take nine years at 100% annually (first year to go from 1 to 2, then 2^8=256). But we only have a 59% annual increase so getting to 256X takes about 13 years.

He also seems to be off by one in the cost reduction. At 25% per doubling it takes nine doublings to get to 10% of the current price. So add another year or two to get to $8.

It's still interesting that we could get to $8/kWh by 2040 or so, especially since it seems physically plausible that sodium batteries could get that cheap, and that we could build several days of grid storage using them. And by 2030 we still get a cost drop of almost two-thirds, down to $28/kWh if we accept his claim of $80/kWh in 2023.
I've never used unison but I've used other, more traditional, REPL-based languages (think, Mathematica or Common Lisp with SLIME).
To me one of the biggest problems with that style of programming is that sometimes code that you have changed on disk persists in the memory image, in the form of closures, creating unexplainable "ghost bugs" that disappear when you restart the REPL (or worse, that will only appear after you restart the REPL).

This system with making code immutable and storing it into a database makes me think somebody noticed how much of a footgun this behavior of REPLs is and thought... "mmmmhh what if we added a second barrel to the gun so that you can be sure to always shoot your own feet?"
Once every 1000 initializations. But hey, I would sign up for only one bug every 1000 lines.
The plagiarism argument is not necessarily directed at the user of the browser. Ask yourself who is doing the publishing? And how would you cite the output of an LLM if you did publish the output?
My mom doesn’t read Hacker News. She’s not the target audience of this post. Why should we care whether she can use sc-im?

It’s okay for powerful tools to have a learning curve.
My spouse is a teacher. The science department at the school uses a relatively complicated grading mechanism called conjunctive standards based grading, which used to require a lot of spreadsheet magic to work. I wrote a gradebook app (firebase, angular) that handles the grade entry (not grading), conversion of assessment data into grade reports for students, plus charting and stuff so you can see student or course aggregate progress over time.

I originally thought more people might use it, but I have basically 6 teachers.
Nah, those people have issues controlling their machines. It's fine if you upload useless spam a few times, but at some point you need to quit it because you're creating unnecessary work for others.
I have been getting ads lately for an aerobic step with a vibrating motor built into it, for this very purpose. It might have been on Peacock, and if so it was during Tour de France footage.

It’s a small effect but real, and it’s passive from the patient’s standpoint and we always seem to find that to be a selling point. This research was, if I recall, originally done for NASA and studied sheep. Shake a Sheep for Science!
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Georgescu-Roegen
I have a bunch of single-purpose Google Docs extensions that I use every day at work. For example one sets permissions on Docs based on groupings of users that I have set up (HR only, Finance only, Leadership Team only, Just me).

I think it took me like an hour to make and I use it several times a week.
As a sort-of-expat myself, I can definitely relate to this struggle. Out of curiosity: does the language you're translating to have a non-latin script? I've found that llama often struggles with those.
Ask HN: Any research about decomposing sources of uncertainty in polls?
I've got a question for the data-science/stats side of HN that's proving difficult to google.

We're all familiar seeing the results of polls reported along with a confidence interval of +/- a few percent. I'm curious if there have been historical attempts to develop survey methods to decompose the source of that uncertainty.

In particular, it would be great if we could disentangle:

- uncertainty due to the generalizing from a random sample to a full population

- uncertainty due to the voters actually being uncertain what they'll do

i'm guessing that somebody tried this and found that getting people to accurately self-report partial support was too noisy, but i was wondering if there have been other attempts
I made my own webmail client in 2001. The killer feature was a Heart button that one-click opened a new mail addressed to my then-girlfriend-now-wife. I've never seen that feature replicated then or now. And since it was hard-coded to my girlfriend, it was clearly (hopefully!) not broadly applicable.
Article says rivian says vans not charging during immolation.
search SEMRush or Ahrefs on YouTube. I assume usage of this tool is comparable to other established SEO tools.
Are you questioning if physics is computable? Even if it is not fully, we must be able to approximate it quite well.

Suppose we scan more than just the person, but a local environment around them and simulated the whole box.

The update that occurs as the person sits in the room involves them considering their own existence. Maybe they create art about it. If the simulation is to produce accurate results, they will need to feel alive to themselves.

We agree we can simulate an explosion and get accurate results; if we can’t get an accurate simulation of a person, why?
While not exactly software per-se, I created a system of multiple text files to manage todos, long term goals, and various reminders (eg, IOUs, deadlines, etc). This was inspired initially by Jeff Huang’s blog post [1] but then grew to a complex collection of different files. A problem I ran into was building an interface for displaying and editing these text files (each file has a different width and for some files I want to have different heights when editing them). Ultimately I settled on multiple vim tabs in a terminal window. Been using this for close to five years now and I couldn’t be happier with it. However, at this point the system of files (and the terminal “user interface”) is completely customized to my life and would likely never fit someone else’s requirements.

[1] https://jeffhuang.com/productivity_text_file/
I couldn't find any existing tool or technique to condense periods of low motion frames in long videos so I wrote my own Python/ffmpeg utility with the aid of Google Gemini.

I love the results, though I have a strong hunch that there's probably a different processing approach that would be 10x faster.
(I meant 'newsletter' , not 'mailing list')
I’ve got two great examples of this. Both I use to help control DNS on my local network. They’re open source, but I doubt anyone else is using it, and I’m fine with that.

unifi-dns-scraper[0]: a simple tool that logs into my Unifi console to get all the hosts and then creates a hosts file that my local DNS servers can use.

unifi-doh-blocker[1]: as part of my efforts to better control my network, I don’t want random devices ignoring my local DNS by using DoH. This gets various lists of public DNS over HTTPS servers and updates a blocklist on my Unifi Dream Machine Pro. With a few other firewall rules this essentially forces all my DNS through local servers which then do encrypted DNS queries to a third party DNS service.

These tools make me happy and were fun to write.

[0] https://github.com/pridkett/unifi-dns-scraper
[1] https://github.com/pridkett/unifi-doh-blocker
The pitfall is when the TOTP app is on the same device as the browser you want to login with.

But that's a general problem.
2FA should really mean 2 separate devices.
Russian propaganda's target audience isn't very smart nor things critically. But their propaganda overall has been an effective operation I'd say.
Two wrongs don't make a right. If everyone around you is driving like a maniac you shouldn't try to best them.
I already made the “dead people in my mouth” comment so I can’t exactly fault you for this. But someone else can!
Do you really need to ask why most of the media in the USA has never covered this? Especially when that same media very prominently covered Ronald Reagan's decline in mental health in his last term in office.
Very little evidence of these being used to any effect comparable to ATACMs
It can be set at 60, but it's not at it's full efficiency until 45 degrees.

So if a new system got installed and sized for running at 60, then it's losing 10-20 percent efficiency.

https://www.theheatinghub.co.uk/articles/turn-down-the-boile...

> The correct temperature setting for heating on a combi boiler is 'as low as possible', but as a guide most older homes can run their heating systems at 60°C and newer homes at 50-55°C. They start to reach their very highest efficiency potential at 45°C flow temperature or lower, but this can be too low for older properties.

> Ultimately how low you can turn your flow temperature down will depend on the size of your radiators, how well insulated your home is and your thermostat temperature.

....

> A vast skills and knowledge gap (that dates back to 2005 when condensing gas boilers become mandatory) means 99% of installers do not understand how condensing gas boilers work and therefore cannot set them up to run as they were designed to. Installers have been let down and so have UK households. We have simply not benefited as much as we should have from this leap forward in boiler efficiency.
>I wish I could ask Aristotle a question

You can't do anything like this today in the Turing Test for Aristotle sense. Nor would you want to if you really think about it.

Any recreation of Aristotle: On Comedy would only be a pleasing approximation of that work which suggests you can never "ask Aristotle interesting questions" at all, outside the illusion of it. You might long for access to his full unexpressed opinion system stopped in time (or dragged through time so it can update along with every new fact and so you can keep questions short) but spare a thought for how incompatible with any reality that is.
I made a scripting solution for my game, mainly to keep motivation up. I really like writing an maintaining a high-quality emulator, while game development can be a slog sometimes. I believe this has kept me from losing motivation and perhaps it can be attributed to me one day releasing that game.
I made https://github.com/notAI-tech/fastDeploy for ease of use of deploying Deep learning models.

Except me and the team at my company nobody uses it.

After I made it lot of solutions came in this space, but IMO this is the easiest one to use still.
created a car selection script, that collected data from several platforms, reliability data, occasion adverts, safety data, reviews and specs.

I used it to buy a secondhand car based on several parameters (price, doors, features, reliability etc) and by assigning weight to the parameters

Python in total a day or so of work (including tweaking and adding features) only used it a couple of times to buy a car
I'm quite familiar as I worked for Intel for over a decade as an engineer. It's absolutely true that leadership has fluctuated a lot but the 2003-2010 era had fairly clear cut leaders for each generation. AMD was the choice for just about everything through the Athlon 64 single core era but the Core 2 Duo run had them relegated to superiority in the very bottom end of the market only for a long time.

https://www.anandtech.com/print/2045/
We use planning poker when evaluating our work tickets. I built https://pokershirt.dev as a small app for use to vote and reveal the votes simultaneously.

Created with an early version of Phoenix (and re-created with LiveView)

Here's a link to a room so you see it with multiple users: https://pokershirt.dev/r/hn
Hard to say really, a half-truth is worse than a lie given people won't know which facts that serve actual policy decisions are missing. Thus, someone claiming to be a single source of truth without err, must ultimately also lie by omission to rule rather than represent. In such cases, even an objective mind is fooled into believing there is a rational choice in false dichotomy.

I'd vote for Lord Bucket-head, as I think irrational covert evil simply shows a lack of resolve. =3
I agree with this sentiment overall, but we have to remember that for valuations, profit and growth is really all that matters. Even if an industry is irreplacable.

I think I read this from Warren Buffett, but basically as of the early 2000s the airlines, in their entire history, had only managed to break even. If you had bought an airline company in 1940 and held it until 2000, you would have never profited from it. The business itself would be worth significantly more, but your only exit strategy would be to sell.

I haven't looked at any of these company's balance sheets, but it might be that semiconductor fabbing is less profitable and has less room for growth. In the short term that's all that matters. The question is if Nvidia can hold on to its current growth and margins (I don't think it can).
Same. I wish I held. At the time it was such an obvious play with Zen, but I never for saw it running for a decade of growth.
A device with the NUC's power and size that could have it's own battery (if external, not too huge) would be awesome.
I made a CLI tool that templates out jira tickets so I never have to open the jira web client to create tickets. It took me far longer than it could ever possibly save me in terms of time, but it's the small victories over horrible, bloated, corporate software that give me joy
Faecal transplants can treat some cancers–but probably won't ever be widely used
Given that these vans use LFP batteries (which have to reach extremely high temperatures to ignite) and they were not charging when they caught on fire, I'm very curious what caused the fires. We need more info.
Russians: How is it possible that this missile can track its location anywhere?
Sir, we’ve found it uses GPS.
Wow, we never would have guessed that. Sneaky Americans. Now that we know their secret, we can defeat them!
Most manufacturers seem to have abandoned trying to support them, their community has slowly disappeared, and you can see it.

They seem to only care about Espressif these days.

Zephyr support has not been updated in ages (2021)

Patches submitted to platformio arduino to add Giga R1 support have gone unreviewed for years (I get poked every so often because i did some work on it, so i see the github comments).

The only things that seem to be in okay shape these days are ESP and STM32.

Given the other options at this point, it is nowhere near as useful as it used to be.
The environment that they execute data visualization code probably has matplotlib but not seaborn installed. They probably explicitly call out to not use seaborn because without that it would use seaborn, and fail because that was not available in the environment.
> I’m also going to make my more powerful chrome extensions “source available” so people can see exactly what it does with your data, and on your machine. Not “open source” because I don’t want contributions

You should also encourage/teach users how to check the source of extensions they've installed locally. It's actually pretty easy. If you're not obfuscating, you may not even need to make the source explicitly available.

https://gist.github.com/paulirish/78d6c1406c901be02c2d
I've had decent success with growthmentor.com for this kind of stuff. I'm in no way affiliated with them, it's just a solid community.
Yes, usage is comparable with other SEO tools that does Keyword Research
Being able to reconstruct production without either automation or, well, production, is a line I spend time to not cross. I have seen that so much though. It’s unfortunately common to find that the BCDR strategy, if it exists, has a reliance on production even if production is unavailable.

So now you have to spend time manually reconstructing whatever dependencies exist in require production to be available. How well is that documented? If you have circular dependencies like that, probably not very well.
I worry about the waste which can destroy habitats and soil forever. I'm not a scientist, but I know what happens if someone pours salt on a garden, or a water habitat becomes too salty. Not good. Cheap is great, but something has to be done with the waste so that it doesn't cause more environmental damage.

https://news.sky.com/story/woman-whose-allotment-was-sabotag...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salton_Sea
What does it do?

I built a bot that runs every 2 weeks, scrapes my local movie theater's currently playing titles, runs them against rotten tomatoes to filter out movies rated below 85%, then looks them up on youtube and posts the trailers to my discord server

How did you make it?

Python script that runs in google cloud functions, triggered on a bi-weekly schedule

How much time you spent making it?

An evening

How often do you use it?

Every two weeks
"Winning the war on inflation" isn't a statement of fact, it's a jingoistic military metaphor.
While I agree with you, Citizen Assemblies and Citizen Juries have a big problem, which you mention, in that they can take substantial time to build sufficient momentum to take action and have impact. These things don't work if the coup has already transpired. Conversely endowing these bodies with the ability to act swiftly also brings significant risk. I'm not sure what to believe in here.
So this app would not be for regular immigrants or travellers?
Whats the beef with seaborn?
I see that the paper that reported 5J per token used LLaMA 65B, a relatively small model. ChatGPT 4 reportedly has trillions of parameters

They also didn't measure power use vs context window size, and used single prompts that would be much smaller than conversations (because in a conversation with an LLM, every prompt entered sends the entire conversation to the LLM again.)

Or the much larger context windows of RAG, or programmers sending entire source code archives with every prompt.

As for the number of interactions, a professional using the tool forty hours a week to support their work could easily have a hundred conversations per week (hundreds of prompts total).

There are enough factors here with enough uncertainty that the result could be off by a lot.

That said, I agree that it's unlikely to be worse than a celebrity with a private jet. I can't take anyone who discusses climate change seriously if they don't demand banning private jets.
Yes, could easily be limited to 3 attempts per 30 seconds, so people could fix typos.
It doesn’t make me sad, it makes me laugh, hard.

No one would have predicted a future where programming is literally yelling at an LLM in all caps and repeating yourself like you’re yelling at a Sesame Street character.

Reality is stranger than fiction.
So, on what "substance" does FF beat Chrome on bookmarks ?
Reminds me of a classic story that makes a good programming parable:

Back in 2011, my girlfriend was working at a catering company that announced shifts via a webpage and workers had to sign up for them. Other workers tended to pick them up very quickly, so it was hard to get too many shifts.

I wrote a quick web scraper to automatically accept any shift offered and email her.

For a couple weeks it was great, suddenly she had all the work she needed.

Then one day she woke up late to find a voicemail telling her she was fired.

Earlier that morning the script had detected a last minute job announced just an hour before start time and immediately accepted it, resulting in her not showing up to it. I had not accounted for the possibility they would announce a job so last minute, since it had never happened before.