skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
HS friend of mine was SF so this info is OEF/OIF-era information and could very likely be different today. You are not going to be able to just pick whatever weapon you want, but you are going to have a wide array of training and be able to pick something more specialized to the mission, whereas for the most part if you're some random infantry grunt you just use your rifle for everything. But if you're a random infantry grunt your M4 is going to be a good rifle for all your missions - you're not going to need a silenced SMG/PCC or something that can reach out 800 yards. Sidearms are similar, it's not carte blanche but among what is available you can carry whatever you are comfortable with within the scope of the mission.

You're much more likely to see SF guys with short-barreled rifles, pistol-caliber carbines, suppressors on everything, etc. For all the (justified) complaints about military overspending, there just aren't the resources or training available to give every rifleman a suppressor.
I would quite strongly disagree with you here. When researchers engage in academic dishonesty, it not only tends to have extremely negative consequences for themselves in terms of ability to publish, acquire grants, etc but it also directly and significantly affects the journals they published in. And in the case of the COVID stuff, public health officials who officially mislead people may also face criminal consequences, with ongoing investigations pursuing that exact outcome this very moment. [1]

But when journalists or intelligence agencies lie, exactly nothing happens. Intelligence agencies clearly see lying as just part of their retinue of weapons. And the media in general has mostly become a mixture of entertainment and bias confirmation. The internet seems to have largely killed the traditional role of the media as the bearer of information and knowledge on the happenings of the day.

[1] - https://nypost.com/2024/06/02/us-news/house-covid-panel-chai...
How Notion build and grew our data lake to keep up with rapid growth
I use some custom tools for PDF comparison (visual, textual, and perceptual hash) for my personal records/accounting purposes.

A number of the financial and medical institutions I deal with re-generate PDFs every time you request them, but the content is 99-100% identical. Sometimes just a date changes. So I use a perceptual hash and content comparison to automate detecting truly new documents vs. ones that are only slightly changed.
A figure which stunned me:
Mi-26, the successor to the Mi-6 was involved in the deadliest helicopter crash, after being shot down during the second chechen campaign. It was carrying 142 passengers, 127 of which died.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Khankala_Mi-26_crash
I'm not entirely sure if we can really tell anything about esbuild from that comparison, as vite's production build time is 1300ms (which uses rollup), but dev startup time 1100 (uses esbuild to prebundle). It seems like vite itself has overhead.

The only bench I'm aware of was presented in November 2023: https://x.com/boshen_c/status/1719596594985681275?t=x8FaB9Aw..., where esbuild was faster.
Really enjoyed that. The views are surreal.
Got lucky with the weather too.
The Constitution reads:

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office,

[...]

The President, Vice President and all Civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

How does the comma matter in contracts?

This:

"Impeachment for, and Conviction of"

Is distinct in meaning from this:

"Impeachment for and Conviction of"

Furthermore:

"Judgement in cases of Impeachment"

Is not:

"Conviction in cases of Impeachment"

Doesn't this then imply that "Judgement in cases of Impeachment" (i.e. by the Senate) is distinct from "Conviction"?

Such would imply that presidents can be Impeached and Judged, and Convicted.

(Furthermore, it clear that the founders' intent was not to create an immune King.)
Related - this might be helpful to someone.

ImageMagick can do a visual PDF compare:

magick compare -density "$DENSITY" -background white "$1[0]" "$2[0]" "$TMP"

(density = 100, $1 and $2 are the filenames to compare, $TMP the output file)

You need to do some work to support multiple pages, so I use this script:

https://gist.github.com/mbafford/7e6f3bef20fc220f68e467589bb...

This also uses `imgcat` to show the difference directly in the terminal.

You can also use ImageMagick get a perceptual hash difference using something like:

convert -metric phash "$1" null: "$2" -compose Difference -layers composite -format '%[fx:mean]\n' info:

I use the fact you can configure git to use custom diff tools and take advantage of this with the following in my .gitconfig:

[diff "pdf"]
command = ~/bin/git-diff-pdf

And in my .gitattributes I enable the above with:

*.pdf binary diff=pdf

~/bin/git-diff-pdf does a diff of the output of `pdftotext -layout` (from poppler) and also runs pdf-compare-phash.

To use this custom diff with `git show`, you need to add an extra argument (`git show --ext-diff`), but it uses it automatically if running `git diff`.
Dialects can mean very different things hence the old joke "a language is a dialect with its own army and navy", recognizing that the issue is really political rather than linguistic. Many Chinese dialects (like Mandarin and Cantonese) are considered dialects of the same "Chinese language" for political reasons but are mutually unintelligible, whereas Danish and Norwegian (the majority bokmal dialect anyway) are considered different languages even though they are pretty mutually intelligible because Norway and Denmark are different countries.

As for how the table of Spanish dialects was constructed, the figure gives the link to the paper it was from [1]. Basically they measured differences in dialects by giving pictures of an item (the example shown is a pinwheel) and asking what Spanish speakers from different places called that thing. Given hundreds of different concepts you can see how close Spanish dialects are to each other.

[1] https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opli-2018-003...
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3Play is a company focused on ensuring content is accessible to all across disability and language. Our human-QA’d live captioning, transcription, audio description, translation, and dubbing services are used by over 10,000 higher ed, enterprise, media, and government customers.

I’m leading a team that focuses on globalization/localization of content. We are currently investing in new dubbing tools using voice synth and translation models. It’s a really fun challenge since 3Play has a contractor market for filling in places where models don’t have enough accuracy or yield poor results; a unique position to be in for designing workflows and fine-tuning models. I’m looking for a strong API engineer who has established Rails experience and enjoys collaborating on integrations, productionizing models, and working closely on new editor views in Remix. It’s a small team; we’d get to work closely together and you’d be very influential with the direction of the product!

Feel free to email your resume at nathanael [at] 3playmedia.com or apply directly with the full posting at https://www.3playmedia.com/company/jobs-post/?gh_jid=6003662.... Mention HN if you apply on the site!
Semantic versioning doesn't really make sense for applications

What's a breaking change? Certainly not new year's day
CVE-2024-29510 – Exploiting Ghostscript using format strings
Nine-year-old chess prodigy to make history after being picked for England
libgen exist bro
But is it linked ? Cars have been getting bigger and bigger cars (specifically SUVs) are linked to car crashes to be more lethal.

Are total car crashes on the rise ? How does that figure compare to the amount of cars on the road ?
Soldiers can do that perfectly well too.
there are (were?) italian variants from piaggio
Also, the vite team in collab with a few others is building https://rolldown.rs/, to replace esbuild and rollup in vite. It's goal is to be faster than esbuild, with extended chunking options and so on.
Am I misreading this or is that "How close is Spanish from Different Countries" graphic kind of jank? There's intersecting lines that are missing, like Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic.
Highly doubt that... to be certain about dates as these things move fast, I refer to the OSEP course from Offensive Security, which is mostly about evasion. Course released in 2021, and which became necessary after the infamous OSCP, since most payloads became detected by antivirus, which is basically the starting point of that course: a default MSF payload, even with various encoding, will trigger 50% or more of AVs on virustotal.
What is your target market segment?

Does the condition of your goods match that market segment's expectations?

Does the combination of your sunk cost and margin expectations allow you to sell at an attractive price in your target market segment?

What is your sales timeline?

How much effort do you want to put in?

Good luck.
Russia isn't "running around randomly". Their (alleged) actions are very targeted and deliberate.

"attacking low level embassy workers"

Do you think really they'd pick the US president as their first target on an experimental (or even proven) weapon? And I wouldn't call embassy employees "random" in any context.

>US knows this and is playing PR for Russia, because they're worried about US citizens viewing Russia negatively

As a student of history, there are hundreds of reasons and prior examples of governments hiding the true capabilities of nations they consider enemies or adversaries. This allows them time to investigate and create a defense, it also appease the public becuase telling everyone "hey everyone watch out our advisory has this super top secret weapon to which we have no defense!" is not a great idea.

The idea that the US would "play PR for Russia" is absurd.
This article is awesome. I've always wondered why Chile is that shape and I didn't know about the Chilean dialect of Spanish being so far off from the others. Super cool.
Rumors of the Death of Software Are Greatly Exaggerated
It completely ignores the influence of the indigenous languages in the "dialect" or variation of Spanish, which is actually a much better explainer than "distance from spain".
Then don't use it. No is forcing you. No need for all the whining here.
Ok, maybe 11 has some features (like AI trash, privacy invading trash, Microsoft Edge hawking trash, et cetera). But if Microsoft is willing to pull the plug on the most popular OS in the world just four years after introducing Windows 11, it doesn't exactly build confidence in the long-term support for Windows 11, 12, 13, and so on.
Oh this is very helpful!

When I read Turing's paper some years ago, this really confused me. The best sense I could make was that "circle-free" means "halts". But in popular explanations, writers often equate "halts" with "gives a result" and "doesn't halt" with "has a bug", i.e. an infinite loop. And Turing seems to connote just the opposite. The point is to print a real number, so if the program stops printing digits, something went wrong. (I guess many numbers would end in 0s forever.) From today's paper:

> a program is circular, when it produces only finitely many digits of the output digit sequence, and circle-free, when it has succeeded in giving us an infinite digit sequence for the output real number.

But I could never really believe my interpretation. It was just the best I could come up with, as an amateur reading the paper alone for fun. Later I read Petzold's book, and I'm not sure that really solved the trouble for me either.

I've only read a few pages so far, but I'm gathering it's not as simple as I wanted: "circle-free" is not merely equivalent to "halts" after all. I'm looking forward to seeing their more nuanced take.

EDIT: Btw, this reminds me of the best riddle I've ever invented myself. Q: What do you call a fully autonomous self-driving car that can operate with as much understanding as a person? A: N Gheavat Znpuvar. (I didn't say it was a good riddle.)
I dont agree with your framing but doubt I could change your mind. Instead I will ask what is your excuse, unless you’re posting on HN from some battlefield you must have some sort of excuse as to why you are not acting on your supposedly strongly held beliefs.
The history of Alt+number sequences
well it's a lot closer to a monarchy than before. All the president has to do is use the official stationary, it seems.
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Our core stack: React, Python, Snowflake DB, Dagster

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Sure, but reflection requires some support from the compiler either way. There's no reason why if you have an expression like x.str, where the compiler can see that x is an enum, that it can't rewrite it into a table lookup like __Enum_strings[x]. This would work even if x is an unknown run-time value. This is basically what any other language that supports converting enums to strings natively does. I understand that the C++ committee prefers to delegate work to the standard library, but in this case it's stupid. Reflection needs support from the compiler. Just add new syntax and put it on the compiler, ffs!
they might not be rational, but nobody can accuse them of not being greedy.
> Can you elaborate on why?

The language is only supported in a single compiler, and is specific to Windows.

The language is based on both C++ and .NET runtimes, and when I used it (admittedly, it was many years ago) I didn’t like the usability consequences. These two runtimes interact in a weird way. It’s hard to compose data structures which contain both managed and unmanaged pieces, see that question https://stackoverflow.com/q/10523268/126995 You can’t include Windows SDK headers in CLI code, not gonna compile: https://stackoverflow.com/q/26502283/126995 Same applies to most third-party C and C++ libraries.

So with CLI you have 3 languages instead of just two: C#, C++/CLI, and classic C++.

> it's exactly the type of code I'd rather not write

I have used that library in multiple projects in the last 5 years, for Windows and Linux platforms including ARM Linux, both open source and commercial. It worked great for my use cases.

Here’s an open-source example of a relatively complicated COM interface implemented on top of ComLightInterop.
C# interface: https://github.com/Const-me/Cgml/blob/master/CGML/CgmlNet/iC...
C++ interface: https://github.com/Const-me/Cgml/blob/master/CGML/Cgml/API/i...
C++ implementation: https://github.com/Const-me/Cgml/blob/master/CGML/Cgml/D3D/C...

As you see it has very few macros, no bool returning methods, very clean API between managed and unmanaged parts, and most importantly very readable idiomatic codes on both sides of the interop.

I’d like to add that if you make mistakes when writing these C++ and C# projection of a COM interface you’ll find very soon because it’s likely to crash on first use due to /GS compiler switch. Also trivial to debug and fix because VS supports mixed-mode debugging.
Thanks for the feedback, guys! I promise to keep you updated.
> Figuring out whether a single given program halts is decidable

It's maybe nitpicky, but by definition "decidable" applies to a language, i.e. a set of programs, not a single program. Of course, there is a trivial TM (either the one that always accepts or the one that always rejects) that, for any given single program, gives the correct answer for exactly that program, but that is rather uninteresting. So this framing doesn't make a lot of sense.

What is actually decidable is the language consisting of pairs of a TM (+ input) and a valid proof of its termination, and that's why we can prove (some) programs to be terminating (or any other more interesting property).
Users come to expect the performance that was never promised or even properly requested. Once you efficiently load the system they complain because you overdelivered and they got used to it.
I believe we see such diversity because of the unique environment in which JS has come to exist. Folks who are writing all these tools are trying too solve problems from the outside in for their small corner of an incredibly large ecosystem.

It's a snow ball rolling down an infinitely long mountain. I believe this may never settle.

Mainstream browsers have already coalesced on a no build solution but it's profitable, by fame or fortune, to continue building solutions that require bundle and compile steps. Then others use those because off the shelf libs require them and save time and money.
As is the fact that he went to great lengths, using dodgy statistics (with a tremendous air of egotism), just to convince himself that he's helpless.
Seeing a not found page
It looks like Delta Walker's added Windows and Linux support: https://www.deltawalker.com/download
Pdfmake: Tool to create PDFs from client/server using JS
the market might not solve all problems, but it does follow the dictates of greed.
What did you noticed missing in the first place btw?
The numbers are down for the 2nd quarter in a row. Tesla's share of the EV market is also down. I understand Tesla's EV market share would shrink as other automakers entered the EV market, but the fact their production numbers are declining is indicative of another problem.

https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/tesla-delivered-fe...
99% Smaller GraphQL Queries with AST Minification
This shifts the whole debate to what constitutes "official" versus "unofficial" acts. Presumably the president can't order his subordinates to commit crimes, or unlawful orders.

Rep. Adam Schiff gave the following interpretation: "Effectively giving a president immunity for any crimes committed while in office as long as that president can plausibly claim the action was taken in some form of official capacity. It must now be presumed that the president, as king, is immune from accountability."

https://www.militaryjusticecenter.com/blog/2022/03/can-you-r...
I've said for several years that my estimation of the United States military's treatment of its enlistees makes it basically indistinguishable from psychological torture in my eyes. I'm glad there's finally research that says something essentially similar.
Vitamins are naturally present in good non-processed food.

Fortification is only required in processed food.
With SvelteKit I can take an idea for a non-trivial web app to working prototype in less than a day.

For example, I built an experimental beat-aware video player in less than a day. And this was while I was first teaching myself Svelte. (This was before SvelteKit was even a thing.)

My freelance clients are often surprised how fast I can get them results. And I keep getting faster as I gain more experience.

- The SvelteKit starter template is like a collection of best practices for web development.

- The Svelte community is pretty helpful, too. (Both core maintainers and regular users.)

Here's one of the apps I'm currently working on:

- https://weather-sense.leftium.com

- https://github.com/Leftium/weather-sense
There literally is a standard Spanish, no? I understand it to be based on Castilian. However I understand your point that even within the country of Spain there are many dialects which diverge from "standard".
From the article, they have objective evidence from studying the brains of deceased servicemembers:

"It was not chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or C.T.E., which is found in football players and other athletes who have been repeatedly hit in the head. It was something new.

The lab’s research team started looking for similar damage in other brains. In civilians’ brains, they did not find it. Nor was it in the brains of veterans who had been exposed to a single powerful explosion like a roadside bomb. But in veterans exposed repeatedly to blasts, they found it again and again."
8cc.vim: Pure Vim script C Compiler
but they will comply when the law will back the POTUS and not them.
I created https://floatynotes.app a while ago, which might fit your list :). It provides virtual sticky notes, using the new Document Picture-in-Picture API.
I’d say being able to set I/O limits can be much more useful than CPU limits regardless of platform. Less chance of bringing an entire host to a halt.
I can't say anything about the Mi-6, but its successor, the Mi-26, definitely isn't that loud. Definitely "huge transport aircraft" loud, but not "C-130 loud" (where, if you sit just behind the forward bulk head, kidney stone removal is an automatic benefit included with take-off)
Conditionally yes. There are many libraries that cannot be tree shaken for various reasons. Libraries typically need to stick to a subset of full JS to ensure that the code can be statically analyzed.
SEEKING WORK | REMOTE

Location: Remote

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Technologies: TypeScript, JavaScript, Go, Java, C#, Java, React, AWS CDK, Docker, etc.

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Email: curtis(at)quack(dot)software

I help startups and individuals turn their ideas into working products. I’ve built 100s of apps and integrations with different apis, sdks, libraries, etc. I feel comfortable with most programming languages but consider myself an expert in TypeScript/JavaScript as a language utilizing NodeJS/Deno as a runtime and React/Preact as a front end framework. I’ve also been increasingly focused on automation, devops, and infrastructure as code.
You have not answered any of my points. You are only making propaganda. Have fun.
A good point that product will start to matter more once the cost of creating software will go down
I was confused by the "Try it examples", they all say "HTMX is working correctly", even the XSS one didn't pop up a JS alert.
K8s works best (economically) when it can bin pack things. The only way it can bin pack things safely is by having user provided limits--its not smart enough to right size your app (out of the box at least). Not setting them means you're going to end up paying more or have resource contention/outages.

It's better to set the limits higher than you need than to not set them at all. Ideally this is easily done since you're profiling/load testing your app and you understand the appropriate sizing for it, right?
The universe is a quantum computer that computes itself, so it’s certainly possible.
I really like the overlay view and that it is not cloud based. Will try to test it at work.

I rely heavily on PDF comparison via PDF-XChange Editor, which is accurate for text, but often has trouble highlighting visual changes correctly.
The Pendleton civil service reform act of 1883. It effectively ended the spoils system that previously allowed what you’re suggesting.
Exactly, the man's a hero in my book.
If I write "I am alive" on a piece of paper does that make it a living being?

If I carve Aleph on the brow of the Golum does it become a man?

How big does the pile of switches have to be before it changes from "what" to "who"?

Look the point I'm making is that before one can speak meaningfully of uploading consciousness into the Internet one has to specify one's metaphysics.

I have my own beliefs, and I'd love to yammer on about them if asked (fair warning!) but that's beside the point. Without figuring out what "you" is it's meaningless to talk about "you" living in "the Internet".