skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
That's interesting. [1] seems to be the relevant page in the postgres documentation.

tl;dl: run `SHOW data_checksums` to see if checksums are enabled (they were enabled by default on our GCP Cloud SQL instance), to enable them shut down postgres and run `pg_checksums --enable --progress`

1: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/checksums.html
No, because a lot of traffic is driving around looking for parking spot. Taxis don't have that problem.
As an NYC resident I was literally just looking forward to fewer cars. That's an end unto itself. If the program successfully discouraged enough drivers to earn no income, then that's an optimal result.
Was that really "name calling"? It's a reference to antennagate and if anything, if you take it within the original context it's really a comment targeting the product Excel, not a person.
Rocks on Earth (and the Moon) are distinguished by being on a specific line on the oxygen isotope plot, the SMOW (Standard Mean Ocean Water) line. This may reflect a large, homogenizing event in the early history of the Earth (like a giant impact that formed the Moon).

The realization that meteorites come from multiple different parent bodies is that they are distributed widely, not all on one line on this plot. Bennu, like primitive meteorites, appears to be off the terrestrial line.

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20240000340/downloads/Fr...
Ah, I thought your username was familiar: you recommended Wadler's approach on a previous HN thread concerning my blog post about Pettersson/Maranget's algorithm (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39241776). Yeah, I admit that Pettersson's telling of the algorithm is a bit turgid (probably why Maranget's paper - which is the same technique as its core, at least to my understanding - is cited more often).
No, they won't get dark mode and this is the biggest problem for Win32 UIs now. If Microsoft would make dark mode available for classic Win32 apps, it would meet all requirements of the original poster.
Building A YC Interview Bot That Produces Question we got on our Interview
You don’t have a right to use your car on public roads just because you paid for it. You get a driver’s license which is quite regulated.
This is exactly one of the common pathways through that middle section, which is nice and simple but doesn't really explain anything (why is the air deflected downards?).
It wasn't that long ago I tried to use an ATM only to find a WinCE error screen displayed on it. Scary stuff.
Have you an explanation for the faked stats?
You do not have a right to paved roads. I don't believe there would be any constitutional barricade to NYC closing every one of it's public roads and selling the land to private owners.
The epic race inside the Pillars of Creation is almost over
Turkey Turns to AI to Crack Down on Rampant Tax Evasion
Fish-safe hydropower technology could keep more renewables on the grid
> Would you like to point to one that successfully utilizes a weakness in OpenBSD itself, which is the topic and implied statement of the video, rather than a weakness in some application running under the superuser?

I'm sorry, what? What kind of nonsense distinction is this?

Are you trying to very disingenuously try and claim only kernel exploits count as attacks against OpenBSD?

Why the hell wouldn't a webserver zero-day count? If an OS that claims to be security focused can't constrain a misbehaving web server running as root then it's sure as hell not any type of secure OS.

> I'm interested in seeing OpenBSD successfully attacked by an unprivileged process/user.

You realize there is very little that OpenBSD does to protect against LPE if there is any LPE vuln on their system, right? Surely you're not just advocating for OpenBSD based on their own marketing? If you want to limit the goalposts to kernel vulns or LPE's that already require an account you're free to do so, but that's rather silly and not remotely indicative of real world security needs.

If it's a security focused OS, it should provide ways to limit the damage an attacker can do. OpenBSD had very very little in that regard and still does, although things are slightly better now and they have a few toys.

And hey, fun fact, if you apply the same OpenBSD methodology and config of having a barebones install, you'll suddenly find at least dozens of other operating systems with equivalent or better track records.

Plan 9 has had less vulnerabilities than OpenBSD and has had more thought put into its security architecture[0], so by your metric it's the more secure OS, yeah?

[0] http://9p.io/sys/doc/auth.html
The Milky Way is 'less weird' than we thought
Simply remove cars, 40% more space
Something has to give, American politics cannot be stuck between the party of pure evil and the party of pure incompetence forever
Really, it's not even random access per se that takes linear time, but random access indexed by code points. You can access the middle of a UTF-8 string just fine if you index by byte position. (Or more generally, by code units for UTF-16.)
Confirmed - fail2ban doesn't block localhost.
Indeed, remote root is possible.

https://www.qualys.com/2024/07/01/cve-2024-6387/regresshion....
Due to the antagonistic nature of NYC vs State politics, I could see this never being restarted.
I now only bind services to wireguard interfaces. The bet is that a compromise in both the service and wireguard at the same time is unlikely (and I have relatively high confidence in wireguard.)
Heretical opinion: signal handler activations should count as separate threads for the purposes of recursive locking.
It's interesting that they are explicitly not committing to holding the API constant (which seems quite common & expect for a "1.0"). I generally like that philosophy, but I wonder if it will lead to some unexpected whiplash in the future for people now expecting the core to be stable.
It's deeply frustrating that Hochul will torpedo a project of this size in vague hopes of winning a few upstate votes in her upcoming reelection battle. She should be impeached for this.
This will sound flippant but it's an honest question: who cares?

I use git all day, every day. Sometimes CLI, sometimes a dedicated UI (e.g. GH desktop but have also used Tower and other dedicated tools), sometimes a UI in something else a la VSCode. I write code every day.

Why should I care at all about rebase vs. merge, whether the internals of git are optimal, whether index needs to exist at all or what it even is?

I think this is sort of what the other comment is getting at about a replacement needing to be much better and that git is good enough. I can count on one hand the number times I've ever needed to glean information out of old commit messages and when something got merged into something else.

Arguing about git workflows and whether you should rebase, merge, squash merge, trunk deployment, gitflow, etc. all seems like ultimate bikeshedding to me. If you're shipping code and making money your git workflow is irrelevant. If your project is so convoluted and broken and you're gaining actual useful information from a 2-year old commit message that you couldn't get just by looking at the code it feels like something else is fundamentally broken that better git internals are not going to address.
Hello everyone, I believe that the studies done so far have considered all possible variables such as different ethnicities, lifestyles in general as well as the health conditions of the various subjects. However, they have forgotten the most important variable, which is the quality of the ingredients in multi-vitamins. We cannot assume that a hatchback can perform as well as a Porsche, even if they are both cars. All supplements still have no real discipline and, as yet, there are no testing requirements for manufacturers. Raw materials are of vegetable origin and are imported from third countries without any quality guarantee. Supplements often contain bacterial contaminants such as aflatoxins, heavy metals, active ingredient titres that do not correspond to those declared, and dosage variations from batch to batch can have an effect on human health.
Glauco
While DAB is very rough (mp2 at usually under 128kbits) DAB+ is HE-ACC and will sound better than FM even at quite low data rates.
The DUNA: An Oasis for DAOs
When you're using pattern matching to also create variables, it's just really confusing to be able to create variables with both sides of the expression. It can get confusing enough as it is. Haskell has some extensions to pattern matching that AIUI are generally considered just too "powerful" to generally use, as it makes it very difficult to read, for instance.

Plus to a first approximation you can always just swap the binding from the right to the left. A deeper analysis may reveal there's some case you can't do that, there's a lot to pattern matching and I'm not going to try to sit here and construct a case where you can't, but certainly the most common cases (by far) would just require a simple swap, so it's not an onerous requirement. And if you did construct a case where you can't, you could make a very solid software engineering case that you just shouldn't do that and should do it it two parts.

To the extent this doesn't apply to prolog, it would be when prolog is functioning directly as a logic language rather than a programming language, and to be honest I'd still advise against a prolog programmer binding variables on both sides of an expression unless they're forced to for some reason just because if nothing else, you may have to understand your own code a week later. Note this specifically applies to binding variables; I'm not bothered by two already-bound variables being matched against each other, that's just prolog functioning as designed.
The placebo effect is mostly regression to the mean.
Genuinely curious— how would you prefer to fund maintenance for roads and other infrastructure?
So I was at FB when they attempted to add support to Git for really large monorepos. They offered cash and people to work on it, but the git team was completely uninterested and basically said that you're holding it wrong.

Perhaps Google tried to do it this way and hit the same issues.
When I say "cut out" I mean "remove that small segment from the larger video, resulting in the large video modified such that the short section is skipped."

Think of removing a commercial break from a broadcast clip or removing a "waiting for speaker" prelude from a 1 hour recorded lecture/speech.
If most people use 20% of the features of an app, and you create an app that covers these most popular feature really well I think it's fair to call it an alternative. It doesn't say "full clone" or "feature parity".
Sometimes coincidences scare me. I was just on that page earlier today by mistake while searching for [Neuromance](https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=LyTaD9pbI7M) the song/album.

This happens so often I sometimes wonder if everything I see online is tracked and Astroturfed somehow (ofc it’s not)
Memorizing chess openings by turning them into lists of numbers
In the last few months, I've been using a version of memchess.com that I rebuilt from its archive [1] in order to learn chess openings.

I am moderately happy with my results so far, but during this process I've learned a lot about how memory works, and about the various techniques that are used to improve it. However, it seems to me that none of these techniques, apart from the space repetition method, works well with chess.

Don't get me wrong: the space repetition methods is great, but I can't help wondering if I could not make it work even better. How could I use the method of Loci? How could I turn a chess move or position into an image that would be more vivid than a mere chess board which, to be honest, I can't really visualize very well? In other words : how can I "encode" a move in a way that has nothing to do with chess?

So called memory champions are amazingly good at memorizing long sequences of numbers, so the question is : how could I turn a sequence of chess moves into a sequence of numbers? If I could do that, all the experts methods to memorize numbers could be used seemlessly to memorize a chess opening repertoire.

Then I thought about this recent video someone made about the rarest chess move[2], and I started analysing
my current repertoire (the one that used to be on memchess.com) to see how many chess moves it contains. To my suprise, it was just about five hundreds, which is much fewer than what I expected.

Here are the ten most common moves (half-moves, really) of my white repertoire,
along with their number of occurrences:

d4 13147
Nf3 12848
O-O 12562
Nf6 12278
e4 10430
Nc3 10323
d5 7540
c5 7431
e6 7276
c4 7207

In total, there are 593 half-moves. That's a lot, but it's not something that should scare someone who's familiar with mnemonics.

So, here is what I think could work. A preliminary task would be to memorize the list of half-moves, in decreasing order of frequency. In the list above, for instance, d4 would be the first entry, thus the number 1, Nf3 would be 2, d5 would be 7 and so on. I think it's important to sort the list in decreasing order of frequency so the numbers to memorize are as small as possible, thus achieving some sort of compression. When this list is memorized, one just has to use common mnemonics techniques to memorize each opening lines, turning them into a list of numbers and memorizing them with the method of Loci, the major/Dominic system or something like that.

Thoughts?

1. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39661497
2. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40636883
Why would I use this over using stable diffusion and controlnets?
While I agree with some of what was said here, most discussion of “pre-existing immunity” was around immunity acquired from already having had COVID, not immunity carried in from prior conditions. I thought the conversation (or lack thereof by prominent “establishment” sources) was more egregious, as adaptive/acquired immunity is a very well understood mechanism. It’s the same mechanism that vaccines are attempting to leverage.

What you’re describing, however, I would imagine is harder to test for/understand, and makes more sense that it wouldn’t immediately be at the forefront of the conversation. Genetic or otherwise inherent immunity would be hard to prove, and the mechanisms that result in that are probably not always immediately obvious in terms of what they even are, let alone how they work.
Fine advice (better than OP). This works till you realize you're burned out, plus didn't get that promo, instead going to that bikeshedding worthless co-worker who's clearly less deserving.

Motivation, productivity go out the window. You don't give a sh*t about the work, team, code quality, made up deadlines or real issues.

Real maturity comes now. You learn to appreciate your limits, see what really matters despite what's being said and observe who make the calls and what their agenda is.

And finally, when you've picked a path and it seems like it works, you'll find equilibrium, somewhere between an idealistic comment on a PR and your next interview.

Till something else like health or kids rock the boat.

Take it easy, you matter more to you than your work. 15 years on, only ones who will remember the weekends you spent at work are your family and kids. Get out more, find solace in the varied arts. Enjoy you painless body till it lasts. Make the weekdays show up between weekends not the other way. Laugh more. Eat well. Feel your surroundings. Make friends, keep friends. Make memories. Don't throw your life away chasing menial pursuits.
If a piece of work is really that substantial and meaningful, it will show itself as such. Don't go looking for it.
> The right to freely travel

You would need to change that to "the right to freely travel by any method of my choosing" for your point to stand. If you don't believe in the right to commute by tank, it's pretty easy to see that some communities may not extend a right to freely travel by car.
there is no right to freely travel. you can’t walk in the middle of the street and you can’t drive your car on the sidewalk. there are rules governing where you can go and how you can get there everywhere. and anyway if you take a car into manhattan during rush hour you won’t be freely traveling, you’ll be stuck in traffic not going anywhere
Small bodies in the early solar system were likely heated by short lived radionuclides, which were injected into the gas cloud that formed the solar system by a nearby supernova explosion. Remnants of the decay of such isotopes have been found in primitive grains in meteorites.

This heating would have kept the bodies warm enough for liquid water to exist in their interiors for a periods of perhaps some millions of years. The total volume of these could have been quite large, and offers the interesting possibility that life originated in our Solar System in one of these bodies, not on Earth itself. If so, this could explain why life appeared on Earth so early: if OoL tends to occur in such bodies, it either happens early (before they freeze up) or it doesn't occur at all. This would counter the inference that because life originated early on Earth, OoL must be a high probability event.

The presence of phosphate minerals is mildly promising as phosphate is somewhat rare and is biologically essential in nucleic acids, ATP, and some cell membranes.
> Oh, SEL4 is without any doubt useful, it wouldn't be as popular and coveted if it wasn't, but I think you are trying to say widespread.

There is a laptop running OpenIndiana illumos on my desk. I mean useful, though through the lens of my usecases (read: if it can't run a web browser or server, I don't generally find it useful). I've only really heard of seL4 being popular in embedded contexts (mostly cars?), not general-purpose computers.

> However, you seem to have taken my examples literally and missed my point, which is trying to judge the security of an OS by its vulnerabilities is a terrible, terrible approach.

No, I think your examples were excellent for illustrating the differences in systems; you can get a more secure system by severely limiting how much it can do (seL4 is a good choice for embedded systems, but in itself currently useless as a server OS), or a more useful system that has more attack surface, but OpenBSD is a weirdly good ratio of high utility for low security exposure. And yes of course I judge security in terms of realized exploits; theory and design is fine, but at some point the rubber has to hit the road.

> Sure, and so do plenty of minimal linux distros, and if you use the same metrics and config as OpenBSD then they'll have a similar security track record.

Well no, that's the point - they'll be better than "fat" distros, but they absolutely will not match OpenBSD. See, for example, this specific sshd vuln, which will affect any GNU/Linux distro and not OpenBSD, because OpenBSD's libc goes out of its way to solve this problem and glibc didn't.

> Do yourself a favor and watch the CCC talk someone else linked in the thread.

I don't really do youtube - is it the one that handwaves at allegedly bad design without ever actually showing a single exploit? Because I've gotten really tired of people loudly proclaiming that this thing is so easy to exploit but they just don't have time to actually do it just now but trust them it's definitely easy and a real thing that they could do even though somehow it never seems to actually happen.
What makes you think that a multirepo system would be cheaper to maintain than a monorepo? It's just moving complexity from one place (source control software) to another (everything that interacts with the source control software). TANSTAAFL
Web only does bring with it the notion of web scale rendering. Cloud render farms are already a thing, so it would be a compelling feature. Lots of video acquisition is already cloud based, so the footage is already there. There are still plenty of times where the render stage takes enough time that rendering on my local single machine is not pleasant.
> In my experience, having to rebase on top of a branch with a lot of "lint" "quick fix" "let's try this" "oops, how about this" can be draining and sometimes lead to accidental code deletion.

" But this is not always possible, so one can use the rewriting history tools that were mentioned."

> I like squash merges because I know it was the author's intended change that I'm merging or rebasing onto.

Can you elaborate, please?
> he didn't want to pay for a license

Well that's the killer right there. I too think it's way too painful to write Windows UI, especially if you want to stay away from Electron (which you should in almost all cases), but refusing to pay money for good software is going to severely hamper your goals in 99% of cases.
They're saying you won't know until after a request is already sent, and seem to be implying that this somehow stops someone from learning if data is sent to the server or not. I think they've forgotten the original point of this thread because their replies are missing the point
Trying something that has some chance of working isn't a waste! You can't know beforehand what's going to happen, any big project is a calculated risk. Maybe they should have stopped earlier, maybe they should have tried something else from the start, but it's bullshit to say it's "waste" if you didn't find out until you tried.
(Disclaimer: I'm the founder of OpenPipe, one of the fine-tuning services OP tried and ultimately the one that produced the highest performing model, it appears.)

Data extraction is a use case that fine-tuned models are fantastic at, so I'm not surprised that OP got good results. That said, I've also found it's pretty easy to beat GPT-4 across many task types if you have a way of getting strong training data. We published some research[1] a week ago where we found that across 4 example tasks spanning creative summarization, question answering, data extraction and classification a fine-tuned Llama 3 8B was able to outperform GPT-4 on 3 of them. The key was to create a repeatable way of generating high-quality training data, which is also addressed in the post.

[1]: https://openpipe.ai/blog/mixture-of-agents
Hi, author here.

I'm curious __how__ you think the tractor would become e-waste?

I've seen plenty of 30 year old battery power tools. The battery (what transforms things into e-waste generally) is a separate component from the tool.

Phones are a separate class of device, they can also become e-waste because of the ever increasing amount of bloat in common apps.
How to use SPI devices in NuttX RTOS
No privacy policy linked in the footer. Not a great sign.
In 3D space, rotors are quaternions with different labels. If rotors are better, then the only conclusion we can draw is that people don’t like the name “quaternion”.
Only because they change the system theme every 45 minutes.
So does DAB. It’s way the hell compressed.

Not that I care too much, as I basically only do on demand media these days.
A better example is "pure water". By it's definition, that's just H2O molecules floating around with nothing else.

If you add a single grain of salt to a glass of that water, it's no longer pure. Drinking it you probably wouldn't notice, and some people might colloquially call it "pure", but we know it isn't because we added some salt to it.

If you add a teaspoon of salt to to a different glass of pure water, it's also no longer pure, and now most people would probably notice the salt and recognise it's not pure.

If you add a tablespoon of salt to to a different glass of pure water, it's definitely not pure and you probably wouldn't want to drink it either.

You could say the teaspoon of salt glass is purer than the tablespoon of salt glass, the grain of salt glass is purer than both of them and so the purest of the three. And yet, we know that it isn't pure water, because we added something else to it.

So pure > purest > purer > less pure. Also note that I was required to use "less pure" for the last one, because all of them except pure are "impure" or "not pure", even though were what I originally thought of writing.