skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The current production of 1.9 billion tons of steel per year is something you consider insufficient?

I don't know how much steel we need per square meter of PV (e.g. frames can be made from wood), but I do know the area we need for the current global electrical demand of 2 TW even after accounting for capacity factor and not just cell efficiency, and that our current production in each year is sufficient to put a contiguous 2 mm layer behind all of it:

http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=%281.9e9%20tons%20%2F%2...

Given the panels are supposed to last 25 years, even at steady-state replacement rates, and assuming zero growth in the steel sector, and assuming none of that steel gets recycled when the cells themselves need refurbishment or replacement, that doesn't seem to be a real problem to me.
Wrapping your head around self-attention and multi-head attention
There are 256-core and 288-core server processors from AMD and Intel respectively about to ship this year. If you count hyper-threads as a "virtual core", and count all such vCPUs in a box, then we're up to 1,024 or 1,152 already. That is the number you'll see in 'top' or Task Manager, and that's what matters to running software.

Also worth noting that a high-end GPU already has 16K cores, although the definition of a "core" in that context isn't as clear-cut as with normal CPUs.

These server CPUs are still being made with 5nm or 4nm technology. Sure, that's just a marketing number, not a physical size, but the point is that there are already firm plans from both Intel and TSMC to at least double the density compared to these current-gen nodes. Another doubling is definitely physically possible, but might not be cost effective for a long time.

Still, I wouldn't be surprised to see 4K vCPUs in a single box available in about a decade in the cloud.

After that? Maybe 3D stacking or volumetric manufacturing techniques will let us side-step the scale limits imposed by the atomic nature of matter. We won't be able to shrink any further, but we'll eventually figure out how to make more complex structures more efficiently.
Actually you may nicely integrate box, violin, bee/scatter plots [0]. For simple visual ANOVA testing box plots are great. On the other hand violin plots are great to quickly check distribution assumptions for testing and together with scatter plots give you a good impression of the sample.

[0] https://davidbaranger.com/2018/03/05/showing-your-data-scatt...
> Replace Profit with Quality of Life metrics

And the evidence for this leading to long-term thinking is what exactly?
Taking direct medical advice from chimpanzees is indeed a bad idea. But we do learn a lot by studying animal behaviour.
The debt brake, forcing balanced budgets, sounds like a good idea but actually turns out to be a terrible idea in practice. https://www.dw.com/en/what-is-germanys-debt-brake/a-67587332 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-67624009
looks nice, but uhm price is pretty much the same as brevo
The exponential distribution (modal value 0) is not bell shaped. If you don't like it's range of non-negative, then take some smooth mollification
Also note that 19TW is not even mostly heat but useful work: turning motors, pumping fluids or gases, generating light and sound, etc.
This is an amazing achievement to get this built and launched with a new baby to look after!
I've used ssh to localhost as a hack for a backup-to-external-drive script (using Borg iirc) where I wanted the source reading and backup writing to be done as different users. There may have been a more elegant solution but it worked well enough
I agree.

But it also compares one human with the whole GTP-4. It's like comaring a limonade stand with Coca Cola Inc.
Are you sure that well trained audiences are able to accurately asses box plots. For instance, most drivers think they are better than average drivers.

It being a staple in statistics is also not a good argument. The information conveyed through box plots is used in lots of fields with different education backgrounds. If a visualization, which in itself is a human simplification of data, is hard to understand, it will be misunderstood by some. This means these people will not be able to advance their field of research as well as with better visualization methodologies.
November 5, 2014
“Better at coding” as defined by seniority levels: GPT4 - an intern; GPT5 - a junior developer; GPT6 - a senior developer.

Yes, GPT5 will do a lot of damage, as it will be the first model replacing actual human coders. But GPT6 should be able to fix most of the issues. During this transition period I expect human senior developers mostly doing code reviews.
That's true. If they're doing a clever balance then it seems good.
Character 7 is still a bell! I always loved that when you printed ASCII character 7 on old machines it made a sound instead of printing a character.
Smart indoor grow houses are in hydroponics
Launching in Italy is peak hubris to begin with. I live in Scandinavia and Dominos here can’t compete. Both “normal” and “fancy” pizzas were widely available in larger cities and unfortunately for Dominos, they’re not cheaper or better than any of them.
I think it's adblock, blocking away the gdpr consent question
> 3. In cases were admin rights have to be shared amongst multiple users, are you going to share the same key for all users (probably not a good idea) or give every user a separate key (making key management a bit of a nightmare, user management is much easier).

To solve the key management nightmare, short-lived SSH certificates can be used to map an identity to a shared user account. Hashicorp Vault is one option for issuing such certificates, but there are other alternatives as well.

https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_....
I’m a local LLM elite who stopped using chat mode whatsoever.

I just go into the notebook tab (with an empty textarea) and start writing about a topic I’m interested in, then hit generate. It’s not a conversation, just an article in a passive form. The “chat” is just a protocol of in a form of an article with a system prompt at the top and “AI: …\nUser: …\n” afterwards, all wrapped into a chat ui.

While the article is interesting, I just read it (it generates forever). When it goes sideways, I stop it and modify the text in a way that fits my needs, in a recent place or maybe earlier, and then hit generate again.

I find this mode superior to complaining to a bot, since wrong info/direction doesn’t spoil the content. Also you don’t have to wait or interrupt, it’s just a single coherent flow that you can edit when necessary. Sometimes I stop it at “it’s important to remember …” and replace it with a short disclaimer like “We talked about safety already. Anyway, back to <topic>” and hit generate.

Fundamentally, LLMs generate texts, not conversations. Conversations just happen to be texts. It’s something people forget / aren’t aware of behind these stupid chat interfaces.
The scale of government support represents 18.8% of total electric car sales between 2009 and 2023, said Scott Kennedy, trustee chair in Chinese Business and Economics at CSIS. He noted the ratio of such spending to EV sales has declined from more than 40% in the years prior to 2017, to just above 11% in 2023.

Primary source: https://www.csis.org/blogs/trustee-china-hand/chinese-ev-dil...

There are at least two different ways to interpret the data on industrial policy support for EV makers.

China’s trading partners could point to 15 years of sustained regulatory and financial support for domestic producers, which has fundamentally altered the playing field to make it much harder for others to compete in China or anywhere else where Chinese EVs are sold.

By contrast, defenders of China could point out that the data show that subsidies as a percentage of total sales have declined substantially, from over 40% in the early years to only 11.5% in 2023, which reflects a pattern in line with heavier support for infant industries, then a gradual reduction as they mature.

In addition, they could note that the average support per vehicle has fallen from $13,860 in 2018 to just under $4,600 in 2023, which is less than the $7,500 credit that goes to buyers of qualifying vehicles as part of the U.S.’s Inflation Reduction Act.
We can clone humans at current level of technology, otherwise there wouldn't be agreements about not doing it due to the ethical implications. Of course its just reproducing the initial hardware and not the memory contents or the changes in connections that happen at runtime.
Interesting. It works fine in chrome with ublock and I don't see any consent modal.
Government spending is still exploding [1] because of high social spending. You can spend every Euro only once. Government decided to prioritize like it did. Tax income is very high.

[1]https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/75248/umfrage...
Most of TCP woes comes from high-bandwith latency-sensitive stuff like HFT and video, but TCP isn't particularly good for low-bandwidth high-latency networks either (e. g. NB-IoT with 10 seconds worst case RTT):

- TCP will waste roundtrips on handshakes. And then some extra on MTU discovery.

- TCP will keep trying to transmit data even if it's no longer useful (same issue as with real-time multimedia).

- If you move into a location with worse coverage, your latency increases, but TCP will assume packet loss due to congestion and reduce bandwidth. And in general, loss-based congestion control just doesn't work at this point.

- Load balancers and middleboxes (and HTTP servers, but that's another story) may disconnect you randomly because hey, you haven't responded for four seconds, you are probably no longer there anyway, right?

- You can't interpret the data you've got until you have all of it - because TCP will split packets with no regards to data structure. Which is twice as sad when all of your data would actually fit in 1200 bytes.
I found my dad's Psion 5mx in a drawer the other day. They were really fantastic devices
> Rust also has UB and you should still be runnig fuzzers and sanitizers on your rust code, that is true for C++.

Safe Rust doesn't have UB[1], and safe Rust is what I review 99% of the time. For unsafe modules, you should indeed be running sanitizers. Fuzzers are always good, they are also interesting for other properties than UB.

> tools available that should be run on CI that can catch those issues

Available tools have both false positives and false negatives. Careful review is unfortunately the best tool we had in C++ to nip UB in the bud, IME.

> I think my big productivity issue with rust has always been the very weird hoops I need to jump through to make it do stuff I can confirm is correct but the borrow checker prevents me from doing

Interesting, I remember having to adapt some idioms around caching and storing iterators in particular, but very quickly I felt like there wasn't that many hoops and they weren't that weird. There's a sore point for "view types" (think parsed data) that are hard to bundle with the owning data (I have my own crate to do so[2]), but other than that I can't really think of anything. Do you mind sharing some of the patterns you find are difficult in Rust but should work, in your opinion?

> [rust-analyzer and clangd]

I find there's been tons of regressions in usage in rust-analyzer recently, but IME it blows clangd out of the water. The fact that Rust has a much saner compilation model is a large contributing factor, as well as the defacto standard build system with nice properties for analysis.

clangd never properly worked on our project due to our use of ExternalProject for dependencies.

> And regarding the google report, was that not self reported productivity.

No, the recent report (presented by Lars at some Rust conf) is distinct of the blog article and is not self reported productivity. They measured the time taken to perform "similar tasks", which google is uniquely positioned to do because it is such a large organization.

> Just make an informed decision is my point, you have tradeoffs for each laguage and for me easy C interop is extremely important for the places I actually need C++. For the rest I use golang.

That's fair. I would say the tradeoff goes very far in the Rust direction, but I have strong bias against golang (I find it verbose and inexpressive, I don't like that it allows data races[3])

[1]: to be precise, if safe Rust has UB it is a compiler bug or a bug in underlying unsafe code. By safe Rust, I mean modules that don't have `unsafe` in them.

[2]: https://github.com/dureuill/nolife

[3]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.00764
Open it in a priviate Tab. I think a Addon, hide the Cookie-Wall.
Decentralization in action, very cool!
My apologies if the star in front of "never" was added to the title in the last ten minutes after you posted your comment. But that star is clearly there to indicate "fine print ahead"; in a title, it's pretty obvious that it means that the article is not about to "gatekeep" people out of UDP. (In fact, at the end of the article, the author suggests to use QUIC which, you guessed it, is based on UDP.)
You're doing apples and oranges.

Humans who spend a long time doing inference have not fully learned the thing being inferred - unlike LLMs, when we are undertrained, rather than a huge spike in error rate, we go slower.

When humans are well trained, human inference absolutely destroys LLMs.
There’s Homa[1].

[1] https://github.com/PlatformLab/Homa
Truly a terse emotional rollercoaster on par with "baby shoes, never worn"
The choice is not UDP vs TCP.

UDP adds minimum over raw sockets so that you don't need root privileges. Other protocols are build on top of UDP.

It's better to use existing not-TCP protocols instead of UDP when the need arises instead of making your own. Especially for streaming.
Tornado Cash Use Could Complicate CertiK's Defense Against Kraken Extortion
Red tape is a way of saying "pointless rules" and silently implying that the rules are pointless. Please don't do that.

The posting you're quoting is cleverer, but overall, what it does is discuss various aspects of added regulations and omit one. There's so much verbiage that one can easily overlook the missing part: Why regulations were added.

The Three Mile Island accident, to take an example, led to new regulations. The posting you're quoting could have argued that those were bad, but it doesn't. It just sort of zooms out, looks at the changes from a distance, turns the sum of many concrete improvements into a bad general development. Good concrete details become "red tape".
Sorry for a useless comment but now I feel so stupid for never noticing that pretty much everything done on TCP is actually message exchange, not streams. The mismatch is indeed so unfortunate.
You kinda can do a sort of LoRA though. Reading the right book can not only change what you hold true, but how you think.
They threatened me here: https://github.com/orgs/ActivityWatch/discussions/818#discus...

See https://extensionworkshop.com/documentation/publish/signing-...

My previous statement was overly broad, but the restrictions do apply to rejected xpis.
Look at this SVG from wikipedia: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Boxplot_...

When you calculate the box plot using normal distribution parameters, the outliers are outside the outer bracket.

If you split the dataset into 4 equal parts, the bracket will be larger because the outliers are still inside it.

The methodologies are not equal.

This thread is the first time i heard people do the "split dataset into 4 quarters" and using that for box plots.
I'm not a fan of AI slop, but if you're using code from GitHub, the burden has always been on you to make sure it's suitable. The MIT license provides no warranty. There has always been low quality code on GitHub, the bar to publish is low.
What is "your LLM"? Did you create it? Buy it?
I guess this explains why the machines in The Matrix went to so much effort to create the matrix and “farm” humans for their brain energy.

It’s just so much more efficient than running their AI control software on silicon-based hardware!
> TL; DR Difficult after ~2.5 million years unless they had a nuclear war.

I thought radiometric dating and low-background steel "prove" there were no nuclear detonations prior to WW2?
Understand that the genes that encode the structure of the brain do a lot of other things as well.
Well, Germany had money for Covid shenanigans (a lot of which went to friends and family, see various mask procurement scandals). It has money for a WW1-style trench warfare in the East which has been a stalemate for 2 years. It has money to refuse cheap energy via the remaining Nordstream-2.

So, let the bridges fall apart!

(The above does not mean that I am in favor of the aggressor. As far as I'm concerned, the aggressor can get the hell out of the occupied territories. At some point though one needs to consider whether it is possible to make progress militarily.)
> Broadly speaking the only solutions are tax rises, spending cuts or more debt. But these are three very different parties, with conflicting views over borrowing and spending.

So they basically just couldn’t come up with a solution when trying to balance the budget. Definition of death by committee, which is a representation of the will of the people.

How can we do this better? This feels so important, yet it feels impossible if this is the outcome of telling our politicians they need to respect a budget.
Here is a bet: Once a new coalition gets elected in 2025 (most likely led by the Union (CDU/CSU)) exceptions to the strict rules of the debt brake will be found. Currently, the Union as part of the opposition has no motivation to agree to any exceptions (2/3 majority required). But that will change very quickly once they are part of a coalition.
Yeah sorry I used imprecise language see: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40766705
>> No amount of automation has ever seemed to result in a net reduction in work to do thus far

> Because the gains from increased productivity have been reaped by executives, not workers.

Or also people like working, for some value of "like":

> Now it is true that the needs of human beings may seem to be insatiable. But they fall into two classes --those needs which are absolute in the sense that we feel them whatever the situation of our fellow human beings may be, and those which are relative in the sense that we feel them only if their satisfaction lifts us above, makes us feel superior to, our fellows. Needs of the second class, those which satisfy the desire for superiority, may indeed be insatiable; for the higher the general level, the higher still are they. But this is not so true of the absolute needs-a point may soon be reached, much sooner perhaps than we are all of us aware of, when these needs are satisfied in the sense that we prefer to devote our further energies to non-economic purposes.

[…]

> For many ages to come the old Adam will be so strong in us that everybody will need to do some work if he is to be contented. We shall do more things for ourselves than is usual with the rich to-day, only too glad to have small duties and tasks and routines. But beyond this, we shall endeavour to spread the bread thin on the butter-to make what work there is still to be done to be as widely shared as possible. Three-hour shifts or a fifteen-hour week may put off the problem for a great while. For three hours a day is quite enough to satisfy the old Adam in most of us!

* John Maynard Keynes, "Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren" (1930)

* http://www.econ.yale.edu/smith/econ116a/keynes1.pdf

An essay putting forward / hypothesizing four reasons on why the above did not happen (We haven't spread the wealth around enough; People actually love working; There's no limit to human desires; Leisure is expensive):

* https://www.vox.com/2014/11/20/7254877/keynes-work-leisure

Just any person who retired (many of whom take on part-time jobs, not for primarily for money, but for the social aspects).

(Not to deny that, in a capitalism society, the capitalisms often get the 'excess' value created.)
The term "best effort delivery" in networking is a weasel term that is no better than "unreliable". It should probably be burned.

"Effort" generally refers to some sort of persistence in the face of difficulty. Dropping a packet upon encountering a resource problem isn't effort, let alone best effort.

The way "best effort" is used in networking is quite at odds with the "best efforts" legal/business term, which denotes something short of a firm commitment, but not outright flaking off.

Separately from the delivery question, the checksums in UDP (and TCP!) also poorly assure integrity when datagrams are delivered. They only somewhat improve on the hardware.
Thanks for sharing; I hadn't known that there were studies that show that the microbiome affects weight gain in the body.

> We all know that one person who can eat literally anything and is still fit and that one person who sees an ad for ice cream and gains 5 pounds (hyperbole of course). According to these studies it's the difference in gut microbiota that's the difference here.

I know people who seem to eat the same amount of food but gain different amounts of weight from it, but I had always chalked it up to a combination of these factors: 1) bigger, taller people naturally burn more calories than shorter people even while sedentary; 2) people may do different amounts of activity (e.g., one person jogs 30 minutes daily and another doesn't); 3) you can't know if someone is actually eating the same food as someone else without observing all their caloric intake over an extended period of time, which only happens in scientific studies.

Now I know there are more factors. Thank you.
Reducing debt works only if the government is willing to make significant budget cuts. It is pretty clear the focus of the German government is the maintenance of it's social security system.

It is also worth pointing out that the debt break means the government is incentivised to increase taxes as funding for their expenses.
That background would make you explicitly unqualified to asses the quality of box plots as a visualization method. Box plots are used throughout various fields of research that are far less mathematical in nature.
Lots of people defending box plots here -- a lot more than I expected!

What I don't see is anyone saying "box plots are useful because they're the best kind of chart for [specific use case]". I can't off-hand think of any situation where I'd rather see a box plot than a strip plot or violin plot. When and why would you want to summarise the data so coarsely and visualize it so un-intuitively?
And still all other G7 countries have a much higher debt level. So there is really no excuse to neglect critical infrastructure for an ideology of austerity.
Additionally, you need to rotate and distribute the new root password to all root users when you want to remove access for someone.
Why do we keep acting like we know what the requirements for life are? Those we look to for insight on this are most entrenched in socially accepted fallacies - oxygen is required, carbon is required, water is required.. and based on what evidence? We have a sample size of one - Earth. It's laughable that we're therefore so committed to defining requirements for life.

We don't really understand the mechanism that spawns life, so we can't say we understand its requirements.
The Chart of Cosmic Exploration
The interview itself demonstrates parroting vs. actual reasoning, imho.
Decentralized Storage Networks with Redistribution?
What are some popular decentralized storage networks similar to Freenet, but where data is automatically transferred to a new node if the old one drops it?
The pineal gland in the brain has sometimes been termed the "third eye":

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_gland#Society_and_cultu...