skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This is a fascinating comment.

Taken alone, it is concise, correct, and well-cited. It does lack a crux, though.

But in context, seeing the commenter's previous comment, there is an implied Cruz that is the opposite of the truth, since a reader assumes that any comment is implicitly in support of the commenter's previous comment, and in opposition to the proximate comment it is in reply to, unless otherwise indicated.
Germany's number one expenditure is it's social security system.

Maintaining that is it's single biggest focus.
> Actually, they are not applied. This is a tool that helps you manage them, you can see it as a replacement of .env files.

The point of .env files is for tools (shells or libraries like dotenv) to read the file and actually use them. How do you do that with your tool, considering it uses a custom format?

> Can you elaborate more on this? I've never used that tbh and I'm interested

There is nothing special, just define a variable in .env, and then either echo it manually, or change your shell prompt to apply it.
> It’s not, though it is a sceptical review of an Italian academic’s work. (How did you conclude it’s an opinion piece? It’s not even in the URL.)

The only thing I had access to, the title: "Everything I, an Italian, thought I knew about Italian food is wrong". That reeks of "opinion piece".

> Pizza obviously existed in America before WWII. We have documented evidence of American pizzerias, e.g. in New York back to 1905, opened by a Neapolitan [1]. Italian Americans in Italy, influenced by the American version, spurred pizza’s development and expansion across the peninsula. Those soldiers (and their comrades) returning to America influenced our version and in turn spurred its expansion across America.

The italicized part is not supported by the Wikipedia article, that I trust more than some review of a book I don't have and that you selectively quote. Without it your narrative breaks down.
But is the web server spun up and kept up somewhere magically? Another poster mentioned something about an ECS task. The reason I am asking is I genuinely don't understand, I thought lambda as an abstraction was all about something which spins up and down when finished.
If you want traditional single user mode that drops you to a root shell even though your root account is locked add SYSTEMD_SULOGIN_FORCE=1 to the environment of rescue.service and emergency.service (systemctl edit rescue.service). Of course that exact solution isn't always a good idea depending on the situation but in general that situation can be delt with differently from normal access while running correctly.
>So there is really no excuse to neglect critical infrastructure for an ideology of austerity.

They neglect infrastructure to focus on social security.

If they wanted to find the money, they trivially could.
LetterDrop, not TinyLetter!
On the subject of relative pay, we may see a change soon.

The IT industry is dominated by bad (and overpaid) managers, where the only useful function they provide is to aggregate information and pass it up the report chain.

If ever there was a role suitable for replacing with AI it is this one.
It will motivate these people to leave Germany and do finance elsewhere.

It is not a country which has particularly much to offer if you are making decent money.
You are looking for SCTP.
The margin of error seems to be +/- 500M years on these things. In no other area of "science" has there been such widely innacurate predictions and hypotheses that we are still changing things by millions of years after all this time.
You're losing the plot and contradicting yourself across your comments.

What exactly is the thesis you are trying to argue?
But in that case, wouldn't it be more efficient to put a processing core on/near the NIC, and do simple responses without even bothering the main CPU? I mean, if your "process some stuff" doesn't need data from RAM, it doesn't need to involve the main CPU either.
One missing from your list is real-time media. Retransmission, or even just buffering for reordering, adds latency so it's better to take the hit of a loss with error correction or packet-loss-concealment
Great in depth article from what seems really a person who knows that stuff.
> If Star Trek Replicators were invented today, we're so stupid we'd outlaw them.

Related, I'm surprised how fast people stopped worrying about 3D printers making guns.
> but the datagrams may be dropped anyway

That's what I thought "unreliable" meant? I can't really tell what misconception you are trying to avoid.
In the US, absolutely. The scientist set up the conditions and curated the output, and animals have no creative copyright privileges of their own.
Show HN: An App for Your Eyes
'What's in it for us?' journalists ask as publications sign deals with AI firms
Sure you can: https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat/create#c...

It does not guarantee determinism, though, because of the nature of GPT4o's optimizations.
Now I wonder. Do we have any actual streaming use of TCP, with purely streaming protocol.
Bears. Not kidding. They're resilient against small arms, and they happily eat us alive.
The "this looks like a small quantity" comparison is wrong, because it's pointing to the lowest quartile, which has a cutoff which looks like 0 to <8 or so. While the histogram count compared to is using a bit of 0 to <10 - so it's not comparing the same counts, unfortunately. Having the historgram also count quartiles (or bins that add up evenly to quartiles) would drive that point home a lot better.

Apart from that quibble, it's a point very well taken.
I agree but so do box plots. I think probably the best thing is violin plots when there's lots of data and bee swarm plots when there isn't. But either are better than box plots.
Scriptisto is an underrated tool: https://github.com/igor-petruk/scriptisto

It can do the Python venv stuff behind the scenes for you and it just looks like a single Python file.
The World Will Soon Witness "One of the Rarest Space Events of Our Lives"
One of the titles of the Buddha is "Unsurpassed doctor and surgeon". I wonder why. He didnt explicitly teach any medicine either.
Longer explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirming_the_consequent
It's implied that what's being discussed by requirements is for life "as we know it".
By that metric, the electricity is only part of it. The cost of building the harsware, the cost of building the roof and walls for the datacentre, the cost of clearing the land, cost of humans maintaining the hardware, the cost of all the labour making the linux kernel, libc6, etc, etc. Lots of additionals here too.
My first application of Ruby was to use it for shell auto-completions. I'm so grateful that I learnt Ruby first, and then Rails. Ruby is a great language to get some utility working out real fast. Rails is great for MVP. I fail to understand why people bitch about Ruby/Rails by comparing them to other languages/frameworks.
But good developers can use LLMs to hunt for the dumb bugs ;)
I'm pretty sure you can regain the ability. Covid damages the brain, and the brain "forgets" how to do certain things (like smell or visualise or focus), but brains are incredibly powerful and flexible, and can re-learn these things. I myself have long covid and lost a lot of sensing ability, but have been able to improve my senses of smell and touch by training with promising results. Here are some techniques people have used to help learn/relearn how to visualise: https://www.reddit.com/r/CureAphantasia/

Can't hurt to try, right?
I used to live pretty close to the eastern end of the City in Aldgate/Whitechapel. It was pretty cool to go running and cycling around the City during the pandemic lockdowns, with almost no people or cars around.

Same with central London: I remember cycling though a completely deserted Leicester Square one day and hearing nothing but birds chirping in the trees!
Fastspring or Paddle.
I often think about this article[1] from the Register that claim that the Paion MX5 was the last computer built by one team hardware and software.
[1]: https://www.theregister.com/2007/06/26/psion_special/
Slanderous drivel.
And some have pro-inflammatory properties.
There are a finite number of physical forms, and those forms are stable for different types of environments.

That being said, you are assuming that something alien is from space, and that they would be something that could even be visually experienced.
Well, when you set up your blog to pay attention to the referrer header, you can link it to where you want.
> thought radiometric dating and low-background steel "prove" there were no nuclear detonations prior to WW2?

“Many radioactive isotopes that are related to anthropogenic fission or nuclear arms, have half-lives that are long, but not long enough to be relevant here. However, there are two isotopes that are potentially long-lived enough. Specifically, Plutonium-244 (half-life 80.8 million years) and Curium-247 (half-life 15 million years) would be detectable for a large fraction of the relevant time period if they were deposited in sufficient quantities, say, as a result of a nuclear weapon exchange. There are no known natural sources of 244Pu outside of supernovae” [1].

Attempts have been made to detect primordial 244Pu on Earth with mixed success (Hoffman et al., Reference Hoffman1971; Lachner et al., Reference Lachner2012), indicating the rate of actinide meteorite accretion is small enough (Wallner et al., Reference Wallner2015) for this to be a valid marker in the event of a sufficiently large nuclear exchange. Similarly, 247Cm is present in nuclear fuel waste and as a consequence of a nuclear explosion.”

TL; DR Absent nuclear war, we wouldn’t be able to find evidence of a past nuclear civilisation after a few million years. Even by way of radiometric dating. (Low-background steel deals with atmospheric radiation. That isn’t relevant on sub-geological time scales.)

[1] https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journa...
Of course it is not trivial at all, if you consider voting power (-> cannot cut tax money going into pensions) and legal limitations (-> cannot cut Bürgergeld/Grundsicherung by much, as it is not allowed to go below the Existenzminimum (minimal amount of money required to sustain a citizen)). Especially if you are looking at the real requirements (military, infrastructure, etc.) going by the tune of trillions.

And again, German debt levels are way lower than any other G7 country's. So there is no excuse.
I get your point but only to a degree to be honest. I think more people are purple than purely blue or red when it comes to individual views on things. If you asked me for my opinion about a certain set of issues you'd probably think "this guy is absolutely a left-winger!" However, if you asked me about another set of issues, you'd conclude "this guy is absolutely a right-winger!"

I've personally learned to be careful about casually binary sorting people - life isn't that clean in my experience.
I think we had one of those in the Remote Sensing Lab at my university. You could fit an entire Civilisation 1 map on screen without having to scroll vertically (you still had to scroll horizontally - natch).
Those chimps should try an Ayahuasca ceremony
Humans spend their lifetimes training their brain

I don't think this is true personally, ideally as children, we spend out time having fun and learning about the world is a side effect. This borg like thinking applied to intelligence because we have LLMs is unusual to me.

I learned surfing through play and enjoyment, not through training like a robot.

We can train for something with intention, but I think that is mostly a waste of energy, albeit necessary on occasion.
So basically a nerfed keylogger? How does that stop USB devices masquerading as keyboards that can type pre-saved content at normal speeds? You could even refresh the content using LLMs so it’s not like it’s typing the same phrase over and over.
I'd argue that assembly lines create large organizations, rather than the other way around. Large organizations are not a positive thing in software development, as it scales very poorly with org size.
I did a small survey around my circle and I got response that I did not believe. The majority of developers are using LLMs at least 10-20% time. There are some developers that more than 40% of their code are written by LLMs.

It would be great if stackoverflow and/or similar companies do the developer survey in the industry.
We unquestionably as a species do not understand our minds, and that will always be an unpopular opinion because people want certainty and control.
As a current user of LemonSqueezy, I cannot recommend it.

There is also paddle, which has been around for a lot longer: https://developer.paddle.com/classic/api-reference/4c7d88de5...

I looked at paddle initially, but was not too happy with their chat support. The content of the support was great but the response time was about 1 day, which made it difficult for a chat type conversation. In retrospect, I could've tried writing longer messages.

So I was looking for an alternative and found LemonSqueezy. One of the founders actually helped me onboard, which I was very grateful for. At the beginning the support was great, but it has degraded a lot since. If you go to their slack, you would notice many people complaining about issues being unattended to for weeks and months. I've had first hand experience with this too. I suggest you go to their slack and check out the state for yourself.

In contrast, paddle's response time was better and higher quality too. I'm strongly considering switching to paddle at this point.
This is incorrect. Almost all primary energy is turned into heat eventually. Only a microscopic fraction is turned into light that escapes into space.
That $40k price tag from 1989, with inflation, is about $100k today. That's quite something for a TV!
You can make SWIFT transactions to IBAN numbers. no problem whatsoever.
Deepnote (YC S19) is hiring engineers to build an AI data workspace
> That reeks of "opinion piece”

Sure. I’ll confirm that you’re wrong.

> the Wikipedia article

You only quoted Wikipedia saying “before the 1940s, pizza consumption was limited mostly to Italian Americans.”

Where do you think Italian Americans live?
Llama.ttf: A font which is also an LLM
The problem seems to be that it is much easier to get funding for building infrastructure rather than for maintaining it.
> It is meant to be helpful, informative, and clear.

It is none of these. Please try harder.

I was interested in following these links and reading about this, but your strange attitude, opaque and incomprehensibly cryptic responses, and general lack of cooperation mean that I have now lost interest.

If you want to play silly games, invent your own protocols and your own unique way of misusing existing language, post "links" that only work using your own client software, and other strange lateral responses, that is of course up to you. Perhaps it is some sort of act.

But do not expect everyone to like it or to be amused. I am not. I am just annoyed. I suspect most people won't even give it that much attention.
If taken to the extreme I can't help but quote Carl Sagan :-)

"If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch you must first invent the universe"
What are you talking about? I have a perfect grasp of these things. As I said, half is in the shape area. You must've missed that.

Also, that IS his mistake, it's literally the first thing in the post. And this stuff isn't hard or hard to teach _at all_ has long as you're at least 5.
It does not sound like a wide margin to me. 3,500M or 4,000M are kind of close targets, when you consider that the Earth has been a continually changing system (unlike a rock such as the moon). Pretty hard to construct a timeline accounting for all the changes that might have lead any one of your supporting conclusions down the wrong path.

When you revise one of your conclusions, you have to revise all the conclusions it supported, and it might turn out that one of your numeric estimates was 500M off. Easy.

Astronomy by contrast is much more regular, so then a 500M year difference can indeed be a big deal.
Hint: don't pull foolish stunts like this, unless you are trying to annoy people.
It's a white screen for me on Firefox on Android. Seems that the autobahn is not the only thing falling apart in Germany.
>Of course it is not trivial at all, if you consider voting power

Indeed. I think you figured out the issue. Politicians aren't elected to fix infrastructure, but to distribute taxes through the social security system.
We’ve been calling it “unreliable” transport since the 80’s, and that’s what it is. Want your packets to get there? TCP. Don’t care much? UDP.

Oversimplified.

Best effort is a dumb term. There’s no effort.
> we spend out time having fun and learning about the world is a side effect

What do you think "play" is? Animals play to learn about themselves and the world, you see most intelligent animals play as kids with the play being a simplification of what they do as adults. Human kids similarly play fight, play build things, play cook food, play take care of babies etc, it is all to make you ready for an adult life.

Playing is fun since playing helps us learn, otherwise we wouldn't evolve to play, we would evolve to be like ants that just work all day long if that was more efficient. So the humans who played around beat those who worked their ass off, otherwise we would all be hard workers.
You didn’t address anything I said. It takes a lot more than raw uranium or thorium to electrify all of our infrastructure.
Here is a good message framing protocol built on TCP: https://www.nasdaq.com/docs/SoupBinTCP%204.0.pdf

If you want large messages just redefine the length from 16 to 32 bits.

It's been used for millions of messages per day for 25 years and hasn't been changed in a long time.

Admittedly it isn't as common as TCP and that's a shame. But it's out there, it's public, it's minimal and it makes sense.
In The Matrix I think people are used as batteries not processors.
The article is a bit of a stretch but this is even more of a stretch. Humans can do way more than an LLM, humans are never in only learning mode, our brains are always at least running our bodies as well, etc.
Virus Alert: "This content is no longer available."
Tired of trying to remember how to spell the full EICAR test string?

For some reason, creating a text file with the contents "This content is no longer available." gets flagged on Windows as as a virus; specifically "Trojan:Win32/Casdet!rfn".
If you lick just one, you feel nothing. You have to lick both.

However if you set things up so that one terminal of a 9v battery is grounded, and you lick the other terminal (just one), you would feel something.

(You would also have to be grounded, at 9v that would probably require barefoot on slightly wet ground. At 120v it's a lot easier to be grounded, but the principle is the same - you only feel the electricity because the ground itself provides a return path.)
> Why should we have?

Because that is what an OS is supposed to do viz. provide a uniform interface and transparent access to various Compute, Storage and Network resources wherever they might be. A Distributed OS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_operating_system) is a natural extension to a Single Node OS. Note that we have in a sense realized our distributed OS in the IaaS and PaaS layers of a Cloud network. However they are done in such a manner as to take control away from us unless of course you use some open source offerings setting up which is much more complex than a distributed OS should be.
I started a small meditation where I attempt to walk back through the whole day as best I can, while trying to drift to sleep. It has made me appreciate my life more and I remember more mundane details because I have at least recalled it once, if that makes sense.

Unless it is a day to forget... If you have too many of those, you know something needs to change.
There are lots of techniques to make it obvious that errors can happen and need to be handled.

1. Make it difficult to ignore that a function can return an error. This is the golang approach. Errors are part of the return values and unused return values are compiler errors.

2. Make it impossible to use parts of the return value having an error state. Rust does this with the Result sum type and pattern matching.

3. Tailor for the happy-path and throw exceptions in case there are any errors. With optional means to catch them if recovering errors is desired. This is how most other languages function.

Hiding the error status in another variable, that is super easy to overlook and that the programmer might not even know exists, then continuing despite this variable not being checked will inevitably introduce bugs allowing faulty data in your system.
This can be mostly avoided with short-lived branches that are merged by the end of each day. If that isn't feasible, people can still collaborate on a feature branch as long as a single person is nominated to rebase it at the end.
Great questions.

The difference between energy harvested and the energy necessary to maintain confinement is the difference in denominators of Qscientific and Qengineering. Q is power out / power in.

Qscientific is a figure of merit used to know close to a burning plasma a machine is (how many fusion reactions it can do vs. how many it would need to do to be a working reactor).

Qengineering is power put on the grid / parasitic power needed to keep the machine running. Every electrical power source has an analogous concept (keep the lights on, fuel pumped, inverters operating, etc.) There are some noisy non-experts who claim that focusing on Qplasma is deceitful, but it's akin to complaining that engineers are focusing on engine efficiency instead of car efficiency before the engineers have finished making the engine. At the end of the day the scale of parasitic loads scales much less than the power output of a reactor, so the reactor size chosen will be at the economic minimum between "bigger machine is more expensive to make" and "smaller machine produces less power / lower Qengineering / other difficult scaling law things like neutron bombardment on plasma facing components (maintenance schedule)".

https://x.com/JB_Fusion/status/1506964692627034118

Yes, to have a real measure of Q you need to be doing fusion. In many research cases not a lot of fusion is happening and the neutrons are not actively being measured. What is typically done is to measure plasma performance metrics with protium or deuterium then say what the Q would have been if they used deuterium-tritium based on known plasma-performance to Q conversions (Lawson criterion).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawson_criterion

https://x.com/swurzel/status/1534556521744457731

Heat collection is done via neutrons. In D-T fusion 80% of the energy is released as a 14.1 MeV (17% speed of light, like a bat out of hell). The remaining 20% of energy is an acceleration of a He4 nucleus (fused byproduct). This He4 nucleus is a charged particle, so it stays in magnetic confinement and imparts its energy on fuel via collisions, helping to self sustain the reaction. The neutron has no charge so it flys straight out of the machine. You can model this as a small ring on the innermost core of the donut shooting neutrons in all directions. So you wrap a neutron-absorbing blanket around the vacuum vessel to slow these neutrons down via collision and heat up coolant in the blanket. You run this coolant through a heat exchanger to make pressurized steam to spin a turbine to... you get the idea.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deuterium%E2%80%9...
> "Barcelona has a 16,000 people per square km density - that’s already one of the highest in Europe."

In Yonghe (a suburb of Taipei), the population density is over 38,000/sqkm.

They don't ban AirBnB apartments and renting a normal lease there, I was paying about $300 USD/month for rent until 2022, when I moved to LA.
Death threats from a billionaire are not to be ignored.
Xe Iaso Steps Away from Nix